engineering for a better world

Towards the future right on time with GEA

Sustainable compressor technology for natural refrigerants

Abandoning greenhouse-effect refrigerants

Effective 2015: The new F-gas Regulation

In the future, the economical

usability of any refrigerant

will greatly depend on its

Global Warming Potential

(GWP). Forward-thinking

entrepreneurs know that

sustainable alternatives are

becoming essential.

Industrial refrigeration and air-conditioning technology provides significant benefits to all mankind.

However, adverse effects can impact the global environment and climate budget. While there has been

considerable success in reducing the energy required for cold generation, another issue has come into

sharper focus: Certain fluorinated hydrocarbons contribute to the climate-threatening greenhouse

effect when used as refrigerants and released into the atmosphere. That is why natural refrigerants

have moved into the spotlight as alternative solutions for sustainable new process plant concepts.

Since 2006 the F-gas Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 has been governing the use of

fluorinated hydrocarbons (CFC) in technical refrigeration systems, such as air-conditioning

systems, cooling systems or fire extinguishing systems. Specified are the required

security measures and competencies (e.g. leakage tests, engineer certificates). The reason

why emissions into the atmosphere must be kept within limits is that the heat-absorbing

properties of CFC represent a cause of the greenhouse effect and global climate warming.

From the beginning of 2015, a new F-gas Regulation is effective. Planners, manufacturers,

implementers and operators of refrigeration systems must undergo considerable

reorientation. The new directive narrows their choice of applicable refrigerants more

than ever, marking a fundamental turn away from refrigerants with a high greenhouse

effect. The goal set for the year 2030 is to reduce emissions of partly fluorinated

hydrocarbons (HCFC) to a fifth of the average output 2009–2012. Already in the near

future, equipment for refrigerants with high greenhouse potential will be banned from

the market, and refilling of existing systems will be subjected to restrictions.

By implementing the new F-gas

Regulation early on, planners,

operators and investors can benefit

from a clearly defined planning

framework, from the likely price

trend and from a high technical

innovation potential.

Good reasons for changeThe new regulation arrives at the right time to counter an additional burden on the

global climate budget: Given growing prosperity and rising consumer expectations for

comfort, increasing numbers of cooling and air-conditioning systems are going to be

marketed in the future. If this additional volume would be produced with the previous

share of CPC refrigerants in all of the EU, the environmental consequences would be

drastic. The new F-gas Regulation aims to achieve the opposite, with a view to reducing

emissions by more than 70 mio tons of CO2 equivalent – an essential step towards

global climate protection.

The right alternative: refrigerants by nature In the necessary search for ecological alternatives to HCFC, suitable natural substances

are seen as a promising choice. Some substances especially suggest themselves, having

long been used traditionally as refrigerants: ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2),

and hydrocarbons (HC/R290). These substances have always been part of the natural

materials cycle, independent from man, they do not enhance ozone degradation in the

atmosphere, and contribute only negligibly to the greenhouse effect.

The right time: better early than lateVarious aspects of the new F-gas Regulation make it advisable for enterprising

companies to act without delay. With future norms and specifications in place, planners

and investors are now ready to make the necessary switch to sustainable refrigerants

with valuable security and efficiency.

Decision makers should not be deceived by the regulation’s long-term discontinuation

schedule: Experience has shown that the price of to-be-abandoned refrigerants can

quickly go up for the entire remaining period because producers are already focusing

on other markets. Sooner than expected, the new alternative refrigerant can become

the lowest-cost solution, too.

2015 20272021 20242018 2030

100 %93 %

2015: Household refrigeration appliances (GWP ≥ 150)

63 %

45 %

31 %

24 %21 %

F-gas Regulation –

HCFC on the way out

2025: Single-Split AC < 3 kg filling volume (GWP ≥ 750)

2020: Mobile air-conditioning equipment (GWP ≥ 150), Stationary refrigeration systems (GWP ≥ 2500)Prohibited: e.g. R404A, R507 incl. multipacks

2022: Multipack commercial refrigeration > 40 kW (GWP 150) – except primary circuit of cascaded systems (GWP < 1500)

02 | 03

As a technology partner for refrigeration, air-conditioning and heating applications GEA offers

comprehensive advice and support for your switch to the natural refrigerants ammonia (NH3), carbon

dioxide (CO2), and hydrocarbons (HC/R290). An extensive portfolio of compressors is available for

any task. For small- and medium-performance requirements our CO2 and HC compressors provide

economically efficient solutions. For medium and large industrial applications our successful range

includes long-proven ammonia systems.

With more than 110 years of experience GEA is another word for success with refrigeration in the

food and beverage industries, the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and many other areas. GEA

customers benefit from the enthusiasm of the entire staff in the engineering, manufacturing and service

departments, and from the many competencies and strengths bundled together in the global GEA Group.

GEA: Solutions from specialists

The versatile product range for environmentally responsible refrigeration

Future-proof compressors for natural refrigerants

CO2, HC and NH3 compressors for all areas of application

CO2 & HC compressors for commercial applicationsIn the commercial sector, e.g. in supermarkets or in industrial cooling

systems, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons have become established as

natural alternative refrigerants in recent years.

GEA Bock compressors for those refrigerants are compact, robustly built,

efficient, enduring, simple and safe in both operation and servicing.

NH3 compressors for small- and medium-performance requirementsBased on the proven refrigerant compressor types in the GEA Bock F series,

the F NH3 series covers ammonia applications.

Screw compressors for industrial refrigerationThe extensive selection of GEA Grasso screw compressors, covering a variety

of industrial applications, has been designed with a focus on maximum

reliability, durability and efficiency.

The proven design and the compact construction make these compressors

an ideal choice in many fields of application. Ammonia, carbon dioxide or

hydrocarbons are used as natural refrigerants.

Piston compressors for industrial refrigerationThe GEA Grasso range of piston compressors unites sustainability with high

efficiency and low operating costs. For cooling and refrigeration tasks in

one- or two-phase operation mode the GEA Grasso V series is available, using

ammonia as refrigerant. High-pressure compressors are available in the GEA

Grasso 5HP series to be used for refrigeration applications with CO2 or as heat

pumps with ammonia.

GEA Bock HG CO2 T Compressor (transcritical)

GEA Grasso V Serie

GEA Bock F NH3 Compressor

By adjusting their

system components

soon, companies can

faster use improved

technical features and

profit from innovative

functional benefits.

Ask our experts

Your GEA partner will be happy to advise you

Knowledge is power, as the saying goes: In times of significant change and new market

developments, an information advantage means a decisive economical edge. We are

ready to advise you on what is possible for you in the impeding switch to natural

refrigerants. Take the chance to learn about the most favorable future-proof technology

solutions for you today, to take a lead in the new era of progress and climate protection

and to participate in shaping the future of your industry.

GEA Grasso LT-XB

R744 (CO2) subcritical 2,7 – 84 kW

0 40 16010020 14080 20060 180120

At 50 Hz [1450 rpm], evaporating temperature: −35 °C, condensing temperature: −5 °C, superheat: 10 K, subcooling: 0 K

At 2950 rpm, evaporating temperature: +5 °C, condensing temperature: +50 °C, superheat: 5 K, subcooling: 0 K

R717 (NH3) Ammonia208 – 8860 kW

0 160001400012000100008000600040002000

At 1200/1500 rpm, evaporating temperature: −35 °C, condensing temperature: −5 °C, superheat: 10 K, subcooling: 0 K

GEA Grasso V Series – R717 (NH3) Ammonia268 – 1522 kW

0 1600140012001000800600400200

At 1500 rpm, evaporating temperature: −35 °C, condensing temperature: −5 °C, superheat: 10 K, subcooling: 0 K

GEA Grasso 5HP Series – R744 (CO2) subcritical177 – 354 kW

0 1600140012001000800600400200

At 1500 rpm, evaporating temperature: −35 °C, condensing temperature: −5 °C, superheat: 10 K, subcooling: 0 K

GEA Grasso 5HP – R717 (NH3) Ammonia (heat pump)217 – 435 kW

0 1600140012001000800600400200

At 2950 rpm, evaporating temperature: −35 °C, condensing temperature: −5 °C, superheat: 10 K, subcooling: 0 K

R744 (CO2) subcritical 388 – 15220 kW

0 160001400012000100008000600040002000

At 2950 rpm, evaporating temperature: −10 °C, condensing temperature: +45 °C, superheat: 20 K, subcooling: 0 K

R290 Propane (exemplary for HC)100 – 3990 kW

0 160001400012000100008000600040002000R744 (CO2) transcritical

12 – 83 kW

0 40 16010020 14080 20060 180120

At 50 Hz [1450 rpm], evaporating temperature: −10 °C, gas cooler outlet temperature: +35 °C/90 bar, superheat: 10 K

R290 Propane (exemplary for hydrocarbons HC)2,4 – 126 kW

0 40 16010020 14080 20060 180120

At 50 Hz [1450 rpm], evaporating temperature: −10 °C, gas cooler outlet temperature: +35 °C/90 bar, superheat: 10 K

R717 (NH3) Ammonia10 – 175 kW

0 40 16010020 14080 20060 180120

At 1450 rpm, evaporating temperature: +5 °C, condensing temperature: +50 °C, superheat: 5 K, subcooling: 0 K

Innovative compressor technology is our core competence.

In addition, we are known as a reliable partner for our

customers all around, delivering a complete range of

functional GEA solutions and offering comprehensive

engineering, consulting and maintenance services –

also regarding the subject of natural refrigerants.

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06 | 0704 | 05

www.gea.com

GEA Group is a global engineering company with multi-billion euro sales and operations in more than 50

countries. Founded in 1881, the company is one of the largest providers of innovative equipment and process

technology. GEA Group is listed in the STOXX® Europe 600 Index.

We live our values.Excellence • Passion • Integrity • Responsibility • GEA-versity

refrigeration@gea.com

GEA

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