general psychology biopsychology palahang h, ph.d. the department of psychiatry the university of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
General Psychology Biopsychology
Palahang H, Ph.D.The Department of Psychiatry
The University of Medical Science
![Page 2: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Biological Psychology: Core Concepts
• At the individual level, Genetic Codes play a role in the unique individual characteristics
• Genotype—unique genetic code inherited by the individual from biological parents
![Page 3: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Biological Psychology: Core Concepts
• Phenotype—expression of the genotype in physical and psychological characteristics– Impacted by biological and environmental
forces• Biological forces: disease, toxins, injury• Environmental forces: access to health care,
access to stimulation from the environment
![Page 4: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Individual: Chromosomes, Genes, and Inherited DNA
• Why are some people shorter than others?
• Why are some children born with Down’s syndrome?
![Page 5: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Individual: Chromosomes, Genes, and Inherited DNA
Chromosomes— the structure that carries the genetic material (DNA) 23 pairs— half contributed by the biological mother
and half by the biological father
• Chromosomes are made up of genes—with specific DNA codes. – Each gene is responsible for some characteristic of
the organism
![Page 6: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Individual: Chromosomes, Genes, and Inherited DNA
• One pair of chromosomes determines our biological sex– The biological mother contributes the X– The biological father contributes either
another X or a Y chromosome.• XX= female (more female fetuses survive than
males)• XY=male
![Page 7: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Individual: Chromosomes, Genes, and Inherited DNA
• Relationship between genotype and characteristics and behaviors is complex;– Inheriting a genotype linked to some
psychopathology does not mean individuals will experience that pathology (e.g. schizophrenia).
– Impact of the pathology is frequently minimized by alterations in the environment (e.g. corrective lenses).
![Page 8: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Central Nervous System
![Page 9: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Human Brain
![Page 10: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Brain Structures and Functions
• Brain stem– First to evolve– Life-sustaining systems: breathing, pulse rate– Similar to brains of reptiles
• Cerebellum– Coordination of “automatic” movements
(walking, dancing)– Processing other temporal stimuli (e.g. music)
![Page 11: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Brain Structures and Functions
Limbic system– Emotion, memories, desires– Functions to help us remember highly emotional
experiences– Contains the hypothalamus—control center for many
functions
• Cerebral cortex– Last to evolve– Linked to higher mental processes– Different areas or “lobes” control different functions
![Page 12: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cerebral Cortex: Higher Mental Functions
![Page 13: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Frontal Lobe
• “Executive functions”—Planning, controlling, recognize future outcomes from current actions etc.,
• Broca’s area of the frontal lobe—production of complex language
• Motor functions—controls voluntary muscle groups• Alcohol likely decreases the functioning of this part of the
brain related to impulse control (Amen, 1999)
![Page 14: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Parietal Lobe
• Receives input from senses• Distributes sensory information to other
parts of the brain• Supports selective attention to particular
sensory information• With parietal lobe damage, attention may
be disrupted (Vecera & Flevaris, 2004)
![Page 15: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Occipital Lobe
Visual information—color, brightness, motion, etc., Specialized areas for human face recognition
![Page 16: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Temporal Lobe
• Left temporal lobe (Werneke’s area) language comprehension, naming, etc.
• Auditory sense is processed
![Page 17: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Peripheral Nervous System
• Somatic Nervous System—links with senses and voluntary muscles
– Sensory Nervous System—brings information FROM the senses to the central nervous system
– Motor Nervous System—carries information from the central nervous system TO the muscles for action
![Page 18: General Psychology Biopsychology Palahang H, Ph.D. The Department of Psychiatry The University of Medical Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082819/56649f295503460f94c422da/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Peripheral Nervous System
• Autonomic Nervous System—links internal glands and organs– Sympathetic Division—arouses our systems when the need
arises (e.g. anxiety producing stimulus, sexual arousal)
– Parasympathetic Division—inhibits our systems or reduces the arousal