generation iv reactor coolant monitoring using adonis … · generation iv reactor coolant...
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GENERATION IV REACTOR COOLANT
MONITORING USING ADONIS GAMMA
RAYS SPECTROMETER
IAEA TECHNICAL MEETING ON IN-PILE TESTING AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF GENERATION-IV FUELS AND MATERIALS
21ST TO 24TH AUGUST 2012
Romain COULON
Stéphane NORMAND
| PAGE 1
PRESENTATION OF THE CEA / LCAE
Sensors and Electronics Architectures Laboratory
Development of nuclear instruments (Industry, Security, Defense)
Design of nuclear sensors (Nuclear Physics)
Analyze of radioactive waste by IPA (Nuclear Physics)
Synthetizes of fluorescents materials (Organic chemistry)
Nano structuration of fluorescents materials (Optical physics)
Development of Front-End electronics (Analog electronics)
Development of DSP based on FPGA platform (Digital electronics)
Development of signal processing algorithms (Mathematics statistics)
Development of IHM, communications and dedicated mechanics (Software & mechanics)
Industrial collaborations
1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012 | PAGE 3 CEA | AUGUST 24th 2012
WHAT WE ARE DOING FOR REACTORS
Reactor applications
SUB-MARINE REACTORS
Development of a high dynamics neutrons channel (AREVA-TA)
System MARINE set into nuclear submarine (AREVA-TA)
Upgrade of N16 leakage detection system (AREVA-TA)
PRESSURIZED WATER REACTORS
Qualification of AGR neutron flux detectors (EDF Energy)
Upgrade of the scintillator based systems (EDF)
Development of gamma spectroscopy systems for PWR (EDF)
FOR SODIUM-COOLED FAST REACTORS (ASTRID)
Design of a mono-mode neutron channel using third order cumulants (CEA
DEN)
Study performance of high temperature fission chambers (CEA DEN)
Irradiation of materials using SAPHIR fast neutron flux (CEA DEN)
Development of gamma spectroscopy systems for Gen. IV reactors
(CEA DEN)
1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012 | PAGE 4
2020/25 – Building
of ASTRID
2010 - Shutdown of
PHENIX
CEA | AUGUST 24th 2012
GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY
Conventional spectrometers show difficulties to conduct
on-line measurements when activity could change brutally
Parameters of linear trapezoidal or cups filters are set in regards to experimental
conditions
As a compromise between energy resolution and count rate ability
Could not maintain metrological stability when the dead time get above 40 %
Intrinsic limitations of “pile-up rejection” “life time correction” and “zeros dead
time” technics due to the previous pulse chapping
1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012 | PAGE 9
A nonlinear filter has been developed by the CEA
in order to achieve a robust measurement during
transient activity and high count rates
CEA | AUGUST 24th 2012
THE ADONIS NONLINEAR SMOOTHER
1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012 | PAGE 10
E. Barat, NIM A567-1, 350-352,2006
A state model of the digitalized
gamma signal
Collection of charges
Baseline evolution
Electronic noise
Dynamic noise matrix
𝑟𝑘 = 1 → 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠
𝑟𝑘 = 0 → 𝑛𝑜 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
CEA | AUGUST 24th 2012
Observation
THE ADONIS NONLINEAR SMOOTHER
1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012 | PAGE 11
E. Barat, NIM A567-1, 350-352,2006
Use of a bimodal Kalman smoother (optimal estimation)
Prediction of the signal
Variance of the prediction
Innovation (comparison perdition
vs. observation)
Variance of the innovation
If then else
Accurate dead time estimation CEA | AUGUST 24th 2012
ADONIS GAMMA RAYS SPECTROMETER
METROLOGICAL STABILITY MAINTAINED IN NPPs
RADIATION ENVIRONNEMENT
Conventional spectrometers are limited for industrial applications (process
measurement)
ADONIS shows metrological stability whatever the environnemental conditions
Adaptive system: gives always an optimal filtering during transient activity (as power
increase or FP release)
1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012 | PAGE 12 CEA | AUGUST 24th 2012
TEST AT THE PHENIX SFR PROTOTYPE
Fluorine 20 signal could performs a power measurement with
An improve axial offset stability A limited temperature effect
Experimentally measured at the French PHENIX reactor in 2009.
1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012 | PAGE 14
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RESULTS OBTAINED DURING PHENIX TESTS
1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012 | PAGE 15
20F Signal vs. Heat power
• Uncertainty : 28 % (non-optimized
experimental set-up)
• No build-up & temperature effects
• Promising power tagging agent
24Na Signal vs. Heat power
• Build-up of the 24Na
• Impact of temperature
A SYSTEM FOR THE GEN. IV ASTRID REACTOR
We are developing a spectroscopy system for the future French Generation IV
prototype ASTRID (under investigation)
1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012 | PAGE 17
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CLAD FAILURE DETECTION USING SHORT LIFES
FISSION PRODUCTS
Fission products could not be measured by conventional spectrometers due to the
high sodium 24 gamma activity
So, clad failure are detected by delayed neutrons detection (DND) or by degasing
and decaying of the coolant activity
A direct measurement using ADONIS spectrometer could improve the early
detection of clad failures
1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012 | PAGE 18
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CONCLUSION
1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012 | PAGE 20 CEA | 10 AVRIL 2012
REACTOR COOLANT MONITORING Thanks to the stability of ADONIS at high count rates it is now possible to assure a robust gamma spectroscopy to monitor reactor coolants The system has already shows is ability to monitor the reactor power by fluorine 20 measurement (at PHENIX) The ADONIS system is particularly adapted to monitor fast activity changing as failure analysis. We are searching a facility to test ADONIS for monitoring clad failures (water or sodium loops…).
DRT / LIST
DCSI
LCAE
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
Centre de Saclay | 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
T. +33 (0)1 69 08 84 91 |
Etablissement public à caractère industriel et commercial | RCS Paris B 775
685 019 1ER SEPTEMBRE 2012
| PAGE 21
CEA | 10 AVRIL 2012
Thanks for your attention.
SAPHIR : une plate-forme dédiée à la mesure nucléaire
Développement des
méthodes IPA
Plate-forme de test pour codes et systèmes
nouvelle génération : SINBAD, PING, ADONIS…
Couplage des méthodes
non-destructives passives
et actives
IGA
SAPHIR
Tout juste 10 ans
Installation SAPHIR
Caractéristiques de l’installation
Dispositif construit autour d’un LINAC
Création de photons de haute énergie par
Bremsstrahlung sur une cible en tungstène
Caractéristiques du LINAC : irradiation pulsée (25 Hz
ou 50 Hz, impulsions de 2,5 µs), énergie moyenne des
électrons comprise entre 12 MeV et 20 MeV
Débit de dose à l’isocentre (1 m dans axe de la
cible) : ~12 Gy.min-1
Système d’Activation PHotonique et d’IRradiation
SAPHIR
Caractéristiques de l’installation
Convoyeur pneumatique permettant d’irradier les
échantillons et de les transporter en quelques secondes
en zone de comptage
Convoyeur mécanique dans salle d’irradiation :
masse jusqu’à 5 tonnes, mouvement translation/rotation
Détecteurs neutrons / gamma disponibles (3He,
HPGe, LaBr3, BGO)
Mesure de débit de dose en ligne via chambre PTW
Moyen d’imagerie haute énergie via l’utilisation d’un
EPID
Possibilité d’irradier en mode électrons ou en mode
neutrons (flux supérieur à celui d’un générateur
neutrons)
Convoyeur
Cible
Installation SAPHIR
VALIDATION OF THE METHODS
Waiting ASTRID, we regarding other facilities to continue testing ADONIS for NPP’s
application
First tests of sodium activation using an electron accelerator
SEPTEMBER 1, 2012 | PAGE 27
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The SAPHIR
facility
Set-up of the experimental test