“getting inside of your head” behaviorism only examines data that is public and observable...
TRANSCRIPT
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“Getting inside of your head”
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Behaviorism
• Only examines data that is public and observable– Introspection is unimportant
• Personality = What you actually do– Traits, UCS, CS experiences, do not matter– Only B data matter
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Behaviorism
• What determines personality?
• The observed environment– Not hidden process inside the mind
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Behaviorism
• All that matters is
1) A persons behavior
2) A persons environment
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Philosophical Roots
• Empiricism– Everything you know comes from experience
• Tabula Rasa
• Note how this is different than other approaches
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Philosophical Roots
• Associationism
• Two things become associated into one if they are repeatedly experienced close together
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Philosophical Roots
Book Noise
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Philosophical Roots
Lightning Thunder
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Philosophical Roots
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Philosophical Roots
• Both empiricism and associatoinism are all that is needed to explain all knowledge
• Even complex ideas can be seen as combinations of simple ideas– Reductionism
David Hume John Locke Thomas Hobbes
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Philosophical Roots
• One last element is missing
• What makes you go?
• Why do people behave at all?
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Philosophical Roots
• Hedonism
• People learn in order to– 1) Seek pleasure– 2) Avoid pain
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Philosophical Roots
• 1) Empiricism
• 2) Associationism
• 3) Hedonism
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Behaviorism
• “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select--doctor, lawyer, merchant-chief, and yes, even beggarman and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, or abilities”
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Learning
• A stable change in behavior as a function of one’s experience with the environment
• What learning is not– the acquisition of knowledge
Environment BehaviorLearning
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Types of Learning
• 1) Habituation
• 2) Classical Conditioning
• 3) Operant Conditioning
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Habituation
• Why do you jump less each time?
• You learned!
• Simplest type of learning
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Habituation
• The initial response can be maintained if the stimulus is changed or increased with each exposure
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Classical Conditioning
Why do you get anxious at the sight of a balloon and a pen?
Why do you cringe when you see fingernails and a chalk board?
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Ivan Pavlov
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Classical Conditioning
• Condition – “learned”
• Stimulus– a condition that elicits a response
• Response– a behavior done after the stimulus
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Classical Conditioning
• Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
• Unconditioned Response (UCR)
• Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
• Conditioned Response (CR)
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Classical Conditioning
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Balloon
• Figure out the:
• Neutral Stimulus
• UCS
• UCR
• CS
• CR
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Classical Conditioning in Dating
• Make women/men love you!
• Figure out the:
• Neutral Stimulus• UCS• UCR• CS• CR
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Classical Conditioning in Dating
Neutral Stimulus No response
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Classical Conditioning in Dating
UCS UCR
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Classical Conditioning in Dating
Neutral Stimulus UCR
and UCS
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Classical Conditioning in Dating
CS CR
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Classical Conditioning in Dating
Day 1
But. . .
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Classical Conditioning in Dating
Day 2
But. . .
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Classical Conditioning in Dating
Day 100
But. . .
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Classical Conditioning in Dating
Day 150
Extinction
But. . .
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Or
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Or
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Or
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Or
Second-order conditioning
Something paired with the CS can itself begin to elicit the response
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Or
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Or
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Or
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Or
Stimulus Generalization
Stimuli like the CS well tend to elicit the same response as the CS
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Questionnaire
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Group Activity
• Why do you think a person might have social phobia?
• How would you cure a person with this problem?
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Classical Conditioning
• Social Anxiety– Social Phobia
• General Anxiety– Learned helplessness
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Classical Conditioning
• Example: Little Albert
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Classical Conditioning
• Phobias
• Typically occur through association– The feared object is paired
with an unpleasant feelings
• Flooding• Systematic desensitization
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Classical Conditioning
Food
Deliver good news not bad news