gj;jhk; tfg;g - way to...

$: gj;jhk; tFg;G - WAY TO SUCCESSwaytosuccess.org/pdf/10th/Tamil/10th-tamil2-sp-guide-by-nanjakumar.… · Nt.eQ;r Fkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;s p> fpU\;z fpup 1 tho;f jkpo; jkpo; ,uz;l hk;$
1Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

tho;f jkpo; jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs; tsu;f jkpopdk;

cd;dhy;; KbAk;

gj;jhk; tFg;G

nghJj; Nju;T rpwg;G topfhl;b

jkpo; ,uz;lhk;; jhs;

njhFg;G

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;gl;ljhup jkpohrpupau;>

muR kfspu; Nky; epiyg; gs;sp>fpU\;zfpup

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Page 1 of 38

2 Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> m.k.Nk.ep.gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk;

chpa tpil Njh;e;njLj;jy; kw;Wk; Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf.tpdh vz; 1 Kjy; 10 tiu

1. tisay; ,r;nrhy;ypy; Ifhuk; ___ khj;jpiu Fiwe;J xypf;fpwJ. tpil: xU2. <w;wpy; Ifhuk; Fiwe;J te;j nrhy; __________ MFk;

m) jpz;;iz M) tisay; ,) Ie;J tpil: jpz;iz

3. gy;+jPJ vd;gJ ___ vdg; GzUk; tpil: g/wPJ

m) gy;jPJ M) g/wPJ ,) gyjPJ

4. FWf;fq;fs; Ifhuf;FWf;fk;> xsfhuFWf;fk;> ___ Ma;jf;FWf;fk; vd ehy;

tifg;gLk; tpil: kfuf;FWf;fk;

5. G+q;Foyp nghk;ik nra;jhs;. ,j;njhliur; nrag;ghl;L tpidahf khw;Wk;

NghJ> nghk;ik__________ nra;ag;_________ vd tUk; (G+q;Foypahy;> gl;lJ)6. mofd; ghlk; vOJfpwhd;>,j; njhlhpy; Xh; vOtha; _____________nfhz;L Kbe;jhy;

______________njhlh; MFk; (XU gadpiyia> jdpepiy)

7. md;gurd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;whd; ,j;njhlh; gpwtpidahf khWk; NghJ> md;gurd;

jpUf;Fwis__vdtUk; (fw;gpj;jhd;)8. xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W nghUs; jUtJ _____ tpil: jdpnkhop

9. njhopiyf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy; ____ tpil: tpidr;nrhy;

10. tpidKw;W ____> _____ vd ,Utifg;gLk;tpil: njhpepiy tpidKw;W>Fwpg;G tpidKw;W

11. Xh; vr;rtpid ___nfhz;L Kbe;jhy; mJ nganur;rk; vdg;gLk; tpil: ngaiuf;

12. ,stofd; te;jhd; ,J ____ njhlh; tpil: ntspg;gil

m) Fwpg;G M) ntspg;gil ,) vJTkpy;iy

13. khL’ vd;Dk; nrhy; _____MFk;. tpil: m/wpizg; nghJ

m) cah;jpizg; nghJ M) m/wpizg; nghJ ,) tpuTg;ngah;

14. khL fd;iw <d;wJ ,j;njhlhpy; khL vd;gJ _____ Fwpf;Fk; tpil: gRm) gR M) fhis ,) fd;W

15. xU nghUs; Fwpj;J tUk; nrhw;fisNa _vd;gh; tpil: xU nghUl; gd;nkhop16 xU nghUl; gd;nkhopf;Fr; rhd;W ______ tpil: cah;e;Njhq;fp

17. tpdh ______ tifg;gLk;. tpil: MW

18. tpil ______ tifg;gLk;. tpil: vl;L

19. ,J nra;thah vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;;F ‘ePNa nra;’ vdf;$WtJ__ tpil tpil: Vty;

20. ,J nra;thah vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;;F ‘iftypf;Fk;’ vdf;$WtJ__ tpiltpil: cWtJ $wy;

21. Mlj;njhpAkh? vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;Fg; ghlj;njhpAk; vdf;$WtJ ___ tpil: ,dnkhop

22. ed;D}y; fpilf;Fkh? vdf; filf;fhuhplk; Nfl;gJ ___ tpdh tpil: nfhsy;23. khd; ____ kUSk; ghh;it (chpa ctk cUig vOJf) tpil: Nghy

24. kyud;d Nrtb- ,r;nrhy;ypy; mike;Js;s ctk cUG _____ tpil: md;d

25. njhif ctikfis tphpAtikahf khw;Wf

m.kjpKfk; M.gtstha; tpil: kjpNghd;w Kfk;>gtsk; Nghd;wtha;

26. tphpAtikfisj; njhifAtikfshf khw;Wf

m) fay;Nghd;w tpop> M) fpsp Nghd;w nkhop tpil: fay;tpop> fpspnkhop


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27. tlf;F vd;Dk; jpirg;ngaNuhL gpw jpirfs; te;J NrUk;NghJ ____m. epiynkhop <W ePq;Fk; M. epiynkhop<Wk;>nka;Ak; ePq;Fk;

,. tUnkhop Kjy;nfLk;. tpil: epiynkhop<Wk;>nka;Ak; ePq;Fk;

28. Nkw;F + ehL vd;gJ __vdr;NrUk;m) Nkw;FehL M) NkehL ,) NkdhL tpil: NkdhL

29. fUik+Fop vd;gJ ____vDk; tpjpfspd;gb GzUk;. tpil: <WNghjy;>,dkpfy;

m)MjpePly;>,dkpfy; M)jd;ndhw;wpul;ly;>,ilAfuk; ,)Mjy;,.<WNghjy;>,dkpfy;

30. kuNtu; __________ Gzu;r;rpahFk;. tpil: kfu <w;Wg;

31. mfk;>Gwk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ______ ,yf;fzk; MFk; tpil: nghUs; ,yf;fzk;

32. FwpQ;rp>Ky;iy Kjypa Ie;Jk; ____vdg;gLk; tpil: md;gpd; Ie;jpiz

33. nea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa epyg;gFjp __ gFjpahFk; tpil: flYk; fly; rhh;e;j

34. ahkk; vd;gJ ,uT 10.00 kzp Kjy; ___tiu MFk; tpil: ,uT 2.00 kzp

35. kUjk;>nea;jy;>Mfpa ,uz;bw;Fk; ___ ngUk;nghOJfSk; tUk; tpil: MW

36. jpUkhy;__ epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk; tpil: Ky;iy

37. kzKoh>ney;yhpfpiz Mfpa ,uz;Lk;_____ jpizf;Fhpa giwfs; tpil: kUj

38. nea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa njhopy; ___MFk; tpil: kPd;gpbj;jy;>cg;G tpisj;jy;

39. nghUs; ,yf;fzk; ___ tifg;gLk; tpil: ,uz;L

40. mfj;jpizfs; ____tifg;gLk; tpil: VO

41. khh;fop>ij Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ____ fhyj;jpw;Fhpad tpil: Kd;gdp

42. kUj epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk; ____ tpil: ,e;jpud;

43. ghiy epyj;jpw;Fhpa gwitfs; ____ tpil: Gwh>gUe;J

44. Gwj;jpizfs;_____ tifg;gLk; tpil: gd;dpuz;L

45. epiu fth;jy; vd;gJ_____ tpil: ntl;rp

46. kz;zhir fUjpg; NghUf;Fr; nry;tJ_______ tpil: tQ;rpj;jpiz

47. ghlhz; jpiz vd;gJ _____$WtJ tpil: Mz;kfdpd; xOfyhWfs;

48. xU jiyf; fhkk; vd;gJ ____ tpil: iff;fpis

49. jd; ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w> khw;wurNdhL vjph;j;Jg; NghupLtJ___ MFk; tpil: fhQ;rp

50. cyF’ vd;Dk; nrhy; ntz;ghtpy; <w;wbapd; <w;Wr; rPuhapd; mjd; tha;g;ghL

_________MFk; tpil: gpwg;G

51. ey;yit’ - ,r;nrhy;iy myfpl;lhy; ___vdg; gphpAk; tpil: Neh;epiu

52. Nehpir Mrphpag;ghtpd; <w;wayb ___tUk; tpil: Kr;rPuha;

53. Mrphpag;ghtpd; <w;Wr;rPh; ____KbtJ rpwg;G tpil: Vfhuj;jpy;

54. Nehpir ntz;gh ,uz;lhk; mbapy; jdpr;nrhy; ngw;W ____tpfw;gj;jhDk;__tpfw;gj;jhDk; tUk; tpil: xU> ,U

55. ,uz;lhk; mbapy; jdpr;nrhy; ngw;Wg; gy tpfw;gj;jhd; tUtJ ____ MFk;

tpil: ,d;dpir ntz;gh

51. ntz;ghtpd; Xir ____ MFk; tpil: nrg;gNyhir

52. Mrphpag; ghtpd; NtW ngah; ___ MFk; tpil: mftw;gh

53. Mrphpag; ghtpd; Xir ______ MFk; tpil: mftNyhir

,yf;fz Fwpg;G nrhw;fSf;fhd rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;:1. Ifhuf;FWf;fq;fs;:

Kjypy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs; - 1. Ik;gJ> 2. Ig;grp> 3. Ie;J

,ilapy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs; - 1. jiytp > 2. tisay;> 3. jiytd;

; <w;wpy; Ifhuk; FWfpa nrhw;fs; -- 1 fliy 2. jpz;iz 3. rig


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2. xsfhuf; FWf;fq;fs;:

1. xsit 2. ntsthy; 3. nksdk; 4. nfsjhhp 5. xsljk; 6. nksty;

3. Ma;jf; FWf;fk;:

1. f/wPJ 2. K/BJ

4. kfuf; FWf;fk;:

1. Nghd;k; 2. kUz;k; 3. tUk; tz;b 4. jUk; tstd;

5. %tif nkhopfs;:

1. jdpnkhop:

1. th 2. fz; 3. nra;jhd;

2. njhlh;nkhop:

1. glk; ghh;j;jhd; 2. G+tpop te;jhs; 3. gRTk; fd;Wk; Nka;e;jd

3. nghJ nkhop

1. gyif 2. itif 3. jhkiu 4. Ntq;if 5. me;jkhd; 6. vl;L

6.; XnuOj;njhUnkhop:

1. G+ 2. if 3. jh 4. th 5. jP 6.Nfh 7. I

7. njhpepiy tpidKw;W

1. ,uhkd; te;jhd; 2. fz;zd; ele;jhd; 3. mUsuR te;jhd;

3. tstd; ele;jhd; 5. cOjhd;

8. Fwpg;G tpidKw;W:

1. nghd;dd; 2. tpOg;Guj;jhd; 3. rpj;jpiuahd;

4. fz;zd; 5. ey;yd; 6. cotd;.

9. njhpepiyg; nganur;rk;:

1. gbj;j fay;tpop 2. nrd;w Nfhij 3. gbf;fpd;w fay;tpop

4. nry;fpd;w Nfhij 5. gbf;Fk; fay;tpop 6. nry;;Yk; Nfhij

. 7. te;j igad; 8. cz;l ,sq;Nfhtd;

10. Fwpg;Gg; nganur;rk;

1. ey;y igad;2. ey;y khztd;

11. vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;:

1. cz;zhj ,sq;Nfhtd; 2. jPa khztd;

12. njhpepiy tpidnar;rk;:

1. gbj;J te;jhd; 2. ghlf; Nfl;lhd; 3. Xbr;nrd;whd;

5. Ngha;g; ghh;j;jhd; 5. gbj;Jj; Njwpdhd;6. gbf;fr; nry;fpwhd;

7. gbj;J tUthd;

13. Fwpg;G tpidnar;rk;:

1. nky;yg; Ngrpdhd; 2. Nehapd;wp tho;e;jhd;

14. Kw;nwr;rk;:

1. fay;tpop te;jds; ghbds; 2. KUfd; gbj;jdd; Njwpdd;

3. ee;jpdp te;eds; Nghapds;

15. ntspg;gil Fwpg;G

1. fy;> kz; 1. jkpo;ehL Kjyplk;

2. jkpo;ehL jiyrpwe;jJ 2. ,Uth; Foe;ij ngw;wdh;


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16. xd;nwhopg; nghJr;nrhy;

1. Ith; Nfhykpl;ldh; (ngz;fs;) 2. Ith; Nghh;f;fsk; nrd;wdh; (Mz;fs;)

3. ,k;khL taypy; cOfpwJ. (fhis) 4. ,k;khL ghy; fwf;Fk; (gR)

5. khL fd;iw <d;wJ (gR) 6. Ith; Fq;Fkk; ,oe;jdh; (ngz;fs;)

17. ,dq;Fwpj;jy;:

1. ntw;wpiy jpd;whd; 2. NrhW cz;lhd;

18. mLf;Fj; njhlh;

1. md;Nwh md;Nwh 2. Ngh Ngh 3. vwp vwp

4. tUf tUf 5. jP jP jP 6. nehe;Njd; nehe;Njd;

7. Nfhb Nfhb Nfhb 8. ghk;G ghk;G 9. th th th

19. ,ul;ilf; fpstp

1. glgl 2. fyfy 3. ryry 4. klkl 5. flfl

20. xUnghUl;gd;nkhop:

1. cah;e;Njhq;fp 2. kPkpir 3. Fope;jho;e;J

4. xUjdp 5. eLikak; 6. thbtjq;fpa

21. tphpAtik njhifAtik

1. Njd;Nghd;w nkhop Njd;nkhop

2. gtsk; Nghd;w tha; gtstha;

22. Gzh;r;rp

1. ,ay;G Gzh;r;rp -- nghd; + tisay; = nghd;tisay;2. tpfhug; Gzh;r;rp -- thio + gok; = thiog;gok; (Njhd;wy;)

kuk; + Nth; = kuNth; (nfLjy;)

nghd; + Flk; = nghw;Flk; (jphpjy;)

3. jpirg;ngah; Gzh;r;rp

1. tlfpof;;F 2. tlNkw;F 3. njd;Nkw;F 4. njd;fpof;F

5. fPo;ehL 6. NkdhL 7. njd;fpof;F 8. tlkiy

4. gz;Gg; ngah;Gzh;r;rp

1. fUtpop 2. nghpad; 3. ghrpiy 4. igq;$o;

5. rpw;Nwhil 6. Nrjhk;gy; 7. fUq;Fapy; 8. ntw;wpiy

9. nre;jkpo; 10. nrk;nkhop 11. %J}h; 12. fUk;gyif

5.kfu<w;Wg; Gzh;r;rp

1. kutb 2. tl;lf;fy; 3. epyq;fle;jhd; 4. kuNth;

23. ck;ikj;njhif:

1. ntw;wpiy ghf;F 2. ,uhg;gfy; 3. jha;je;ij

24. vz;Zk;ik:

1. NjUk; jpUtpohTk;2. jhAk; NrAk; 3. fgpyUk; guzUk;

25. tpidj;njhif:

1. nra;njhopy; 2. #o;foy; 3. cFePh; 4. tphpfly; 5. nghq;Ffly; 6. Fsph;jkpo;

26. gFjpia vLj;njOJf.

1. ele;jhd; - el 2. cOjhd; - cO 3. te;jhd; - th

4. gbj;jhd; - gb 5. ebj;jhh; - eb 6. Nfl;l - Nfs;


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27. ,ilepiyfs;:

1. j;>l;>w;>,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiyfs;.

1. te;jhd; - j; 2. cz;lhd; - l; 3. epd;whd; - w; 4. ghbdhd; - ,d;

2. fpW> fpd;W> Mepd;W - epfo;fhy ,ilepiyfss;

1. tUfpwhd; - fpW 2. gbf;fpd;whd; - fpd;W 3. elthepd;whd; - Mepd;W

3. g;> t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiyfs;:

1. cz;ghd; - g; 2. tUthd; - t;

4. M - vjph;kiw ,ilepiy:

1. nra;ahjhd; 2. nra;ahd;

5. j; - vOj;Jg; NgW

1. $Wjp.

28. tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp: (f> , > ,a> ,ah;)

1. tho;f 2. thop 3. thopa 4. thopah;

29. chpr;nrhy; njhlh;:

(1. rhy> jt> edp> cW> fop> $h;> kh> jl> fb> fsp>)

1. edped;W 2. jlf;fhp 3. khkiy

30. msngilfs;:

1. Mm> Xx - nra;Aspir - njhohms;> Xxjy;

2. Cc - ,d;dpir - nfLg;gJ}ck;

3. <>,> I, - nrhy;ypir - joP,a> cudir,

31. <Wnfl;l vjph;kiw nganur;rk; - ~M|

1. ngha;ah tpsf;F 2. va;jhg; gop 3. Njuh kd;dh

32. tpidahyizAk; ngah; - mh;> md;> ms;

1. te;jth; 2. nrd;wtd; 3. gbats;

RUf;fkhf tpilasp - tpdh vz; 11 Kjy; 20 tiu

1. ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fSs; xd;iw rhd;W je;J tpsf;F

1. XnuOj;J xUnkhopapy; ty;ypdk; kpFk;

if + jb = ifj; jbij + nghq;fy; = ijg; nghq;fy;

2. <Wnfl;l vjpu;kiwg; nganur;rj;jpd; gpd; tUk; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

Nfsh + nrtp + Nfshr; nrtpXlh + Nju; + Xlhj; Nju;

2 . ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fSs; xd;iw rhd;W je;J tpsf;F

1. ck;ikj; njhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.

fha; + fdp = fha;fdpjha; + je;ij = jha;je;ij

2. ,ul;ilf;fpstpapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.

flfl> klkl> rlrl

3. tpidnar;rkhf;Ff.

1. ngW - ngw;W 2. gb - gbj;J 3. el - ele;J 4. nra; - nra;J

5. XL - Xb 6. grp - grpj;J 7. gpup - gpupj;J


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4. nganur;rkhf;Ff.

1. ngW - ngw;w 2. gb - gbj;j 3. el - ele;j 4. nra; - nra;j 5. XL - Xba

5. ctikaia cUtfkhf;F.

ctik - cUtfk;

1. mKjnkhop nkhopaKJ

2. faw;fz; fz;fay;

3. Njd;jkpo; jkpo;j;Njd;

4. G+tpuy; tpuy;G+

5. kjpKfk; Kfkjp

6. kyub mbkyh;

7. Kj;Jg;gy; gy;Kj;J

8. tpw;GUtk; GUttpy;

9. kyh;g;ghjk; ghjkyh;

10. gtstha; tha;g;gtsk;

11. fay;tpop tpopf;fay;

12. fdptha; tha;f;fdp

6. gFjpia vLj;njOJf.

1. ele;jhd; - el 2. cOjhd; - cO 3. te;jhd; - th

4. gbj;jhd; - gb 5. ebj;jhh; - eb 6. Nfl;l - Nfs;

7. fz;lhd; - fhz; 8. nfhz;lhd; - nfhs; 9. nra;jhd; - nra;

7. thf;fpa khw;wk;.

1. fpsp fy;yhy; mbgl;lJ - czu;r;rpj; njhluhf khw;W

me;Njh! fpsp fy;yhy; mbgl;lNj !

2. jpUf;Fwis midtUk; mwptu;. - tpdhj;njhluhf mikf;f.

jpUf;Fwis mwpahjtu; csNuh ?

3. ,kakiy kpfTk; caukhdJ - czu;r;rpj;njhluhf khw;Wf.

vd;Nd! ,kakiyapd; cauk;!

4. New;W Gay; tPrpaJ@ kuq;fs; rha;e;jd.

New;W Gay; tPrpajhy; kuq;fs; rha;;e;jd.

5. G+q;Foyp nghk;ik nra;jhs; - nraghl;L tpidahf khw;W

nghk;ik G+q;Foypahy; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

6. vopyd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;gpj;jhd; - gpwtpidahf khw;W

vopyd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;whdd;.

8. njhlu;fs; vt;tifahdit

1. gprpuhe;ijahu;> el;Gf;F ,yf;fzkhfj jpfo;rpwhu; - nra;jpj; njhlu;

2. Foe;ijia mbj;jJ ahu;? - tpdhj; njhlu;

3. ek; ehl;Lf; nfhb jiyikahrpupauhy; Vw;wg;gl;lJ. - nraghl;L tpid

4. taypy; MLfs; Nka;e;jpy - vjpu;kiw

5. fhe;jpabfs; cz;ik Ngrhky; ,uhu;. - nghUs; khwh vjpu;kiw

9. cupa kuGr;nrhy;iy Nju;e;njLj;J vOJf.

1. vq;fs; gs;spf;Fr; Rw;Wr; Rtu; ______________ (vOg;gg;gl;lJ/fl;lg;gl;lJ)2. ghujpahu; nra;Ais ______________ (gbdhu;/,aw;wpdhu;)3. Ntld; ______________ (va;j/nrYj;jpa) mk;G ahidia tPo;j;jpaJ.

4. khwd; Xtpaj;ij______________ (tiue;jhd;/Gide;jhd;)5. me;j rpw;gk; xNu fy;ypy; (tbf;fg;gl;lJ/nrJf;fg;gl;lJ)


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10. njhifr; nrhy;iy tpupj;njOJf.

1. Kf;fdp - kh> gyh> thio

2. ,Utpid - ey;tpid> jPtpid - jd;tpid> gpwtpid

3. ,Ujpiz - cah;jpiz> m/wpiz- mfj;jpiz> Gwj;jpiz

4. Kj;jkpo; - ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk;

5. Kg;ghy; - mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;

6. %tplk; - jd;ik> Kd;dpiy> glh;f;if

7. %Nte;jh; - Nruh;> Nrhoh;> ghz;bah;

8. ehw;wpir - fpof;F> Nkw;F> tlf;F> njw;F

9. ehdpyk; - FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;

10. Ie;jpiz - FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy

11. Ik;ghy; - Mz;ghy;> ngz;ghy;> gyh;ghy;> xd;wd;ghy;> gytpd;ghy;.

12. Ik;Gyd; - njhL czh;T> cz;zy;> Efh;jy;> fhzy;> Nfl;ly;

13. Ik;nghwp - nka;> tha;> %f;F> fz;> nrtp

11. xUik gd;ikg; gpio ePf;fp vOJff.

1) fy;tp eyk; ngw;w ngz;ghw; Gytu;f;F kd;dUk; gzpe;jhdd;.

fy;tp eyk; ngw;w ngz;ghw; Gytu;f;F kd;dUk; gzpe;jdu;

2) ngz;fs; ngwNtz;baJJ ngz; fy;tp> ngz;Zupik> nrhj;Jupik.

ngz;fs; ngwNtz;baitt ngz; fy;tp> ngz;Zupik> nrhj;Jupik.

3) ,g;NghJ mtu; ifapy; Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jJ

,g;NghJ mtu; ifapy; Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jdd.

4. taJ te;Njhu;f;Fk; ngz;fSf;;Fk; thf;Fupik nfhLf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd mk;Ngj;fu;

$wpaij ehNsLfs; Gfo;e;jJJ.

taJ te;Njhu;f;Fk; ngz;fSf;;Fk; thf;Fupik nfhLf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd mk;Ngj;fu;

$wpaij ehNsLfs; Gfo;e;jd.

5. Gytu;fs; nghq;fw; GJ ehs;fspd; khz;gpid czu;e;J nfhz;lhbdhu;.

Gytu;fs; nghq;fw; GJ ehspd; khz;gpid czu;e;J nfhz;lhbdu;.

6. Nkilg; Ngr;Rf;Ff; fUj;JfNs capu; ehb Nghd;wJ.

Nkilg; Ngr;Rf;Ff; fUj;JfNs capu; ehb Nghd;wit.

7. <];l;kd; vd;ghu; glr;RUs; jahupf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jduu;.

<];l;kd; vd;ghu; glr;RUs; jahupf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jhuu;.

8. ,aq;FUg; glq;fisf; Foe;ijfs; tpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpd;wJJ.

,aq;FUg; glq;fisf; Foe;ijfs; tpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpd;wdu;

9. fhtpupg;G+k;gl;bdj;jpy; nghUs;fs; kz;bf; fple;jJ.

fhtpupg;G+k;gl;bdj;jpy; nghUs;fs; kz;bf; fple;jdd.

10. jkpou;fspd; tho;tpy; ,ir rpwe;j ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jd.

jkpou;fspd; tho;tpy; ,ir rpwe;j ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jJJ.

11. Xu; ,sk;ngz; Ehnyhd;iw tpUk;gpg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;.

Xu; ,sk;ngz; Ehnyhd;iw tpUk;gpg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;.

12. kdpjdpd; Nehf;fk; cau;e;jjhfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk; ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; Nghjh.

kdpjdpd; Nehf;fk; cau;e;jjhfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk; ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ.

14. jkpofj;jpy; vz;zw;w njhopy;El;gg; gapyfq;fs; cs;sJ.

jkpofj;jpy; vz;zw;w njhopy;El;gg; gapyfq;fs; cs;sd.

15. ,d;W NgUe;Jfs; XlhJ

,d;W NgUe;Jfs; Xlh.


Page 8 of 38



16. mtd; ftpQd; my;y.

mtd; ftpQd; my;yd;.

17.. ehd; thq;fpa E}y; ,J my;y.

ehd; thq;fpa E}y; ,J md;W.

12. re;jpg;gpio ePf;fp vOJff.

1. Mz;fis NghyNt ngz;fSf;Fk; muR gzp midj;J JiwfspYk; nfhLf;f

Ntz;Lk;

Mz;fisg; NghyNt ngz;fSf;Fk; muRg; gzp midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; nfhLf;f

Ntz;Lk;.

2 . MSk; mwpTk; tsu;tjw;F Kd;ghf tho;f;if gazkhk;; .

MSk; mwpTk; tsu;tjw;F Kd;ghf tho;f;ifg; gazkhk; .

3 . Mrpupau; ngaiu jk; ngaUld; Nru;j;J gPkhuht; mk;Ngj;fuhf khwpdhu;

Mrpupau; ngaiuj; jk; ngaUld; Nru;j;Jg; gPkhuht; mk;Ngj;fuhf khwpdhu;

4 . ViofSf;F nghUs; ngwhky; thjhb ePjp ngw;W je;jhu;.

ViofSf;Fg; nghUs; ngwhky; thjhb ePjp ngw;Wj; je;jhu;.

5 . Nkil Ngr;R kpFe;j gaid juty;yJ.

Nkilg; Ngr;R kpFe;j gaidj; juty;yJ.

6 . kf;fis ,yl;rpa ghijapNy mioj;J nry;Yk; td;ikAilaNj NkilNgr;R.

kf;fis ,yl;rpag; ghijapNy mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; td;ikAilaNj Nkilg; Ngr;R

7. jpiuglk; vLf;f gad;gLk; glRUs; nry;Yyha;L vd;Dk; nghUshy; MdJ.

jpiug;glk; vLf;fg; gad;gLk; glr;RUs; nry;Yyha;L vd;Dk; nghUshy; MdJ.

8 . jpiuglk; kf;fis jd;ghy; <u;j;J fl;b Nghlty;yJ.

jpiug;glk; kf;fisj; jd;ghy; <u;j;Jf; fl;bg; Nghlty;yJ.

9 . kdpj ,dj;jpd; kuG nry;tkhf jkpo;nkhop tpsqFfpwJ

kdpj ,dj;jpd; kuGr; nry;tkhfj; jkpo;nkhop tpsq;FfpwJ

10. jkpopy; tuyhw;W fUj;JfisAk;, gz;ghl;L $WfisAk; fhz KbAk;

jkpopy; tuyhw;Wf; fUj;JfisAk;, gz;ghl;Lf; $WfisAk; fhz KbAk; .

11. ts;syhu; mUspa topfis fil gpbj;J xOfpdhy; kdpjNeak; kyUk;.

ts;syhu; mUspa topfisf; filg; gpbj;J xOfpdhy; kdpjNeak; kyUk;.

12. mwpT Xspngw mq;Nf Nrhjp juprd GJikia GFj;jpdhu;.

mwpT Xspngw mq;Nfr; Nrhjp juprdg; gJikiag; GFj;jpdhu;.

13. ifnjhopy; xd;iw fw;W nfhs;.

ifj;njhopy; xd;iwf; fw;Wff;nfhs;.

14. ngz;fs; FLk;gj;ij nghWg;Gld; elj;j Ntz;LnkdTk;, fly; fle;J nry;y$lhnjdTk;; $wpte;jdu;.

ngz;fs; FLk;gj;ijg; nghWg;Gld; elj;j Ntz;LnkdTk;, fly; fle;J nry;yf; $lhnjdTk; $wpte;jdu;.

13. fPo;f;fhZk; njhlupYs;s t*r;nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJf.

1.tyJ gf;frr; Rtw;wpyy; vOjhNj. - tyg;gf;frr; Rtupyy; vOjhNj.

2. mtd; tPz; rpyTT nra;fpwhd; - mtd; tPz; nryTT nra;fpwhd;.

3. vfd nkhfdaha;; NgrhNj - vJif Nkhidahaa; NgrhNj

4. mtd; Ntg;gpiyy gwpj;jhd; - mtd; Ntg;ge;jioo gwpj;jhd;.

5. vd; crpu; ePjhNd - vd; capu;; ePjhNd

6. fhiyapy; eh\;lhh rhg;gpl;lhah? - fhiyapy; rpw;Wz;bb rhg;gpl;lhah?

8. Ntu;itt rpe;j cisf;ff Ntz;Lk; - tpau;itt rpe;j ciof;ff Ntz;Lk;.

9. jk;gp ,q;fpl;LL th - jk;gp ,q;FF th


Page 9 of 38



7. Mj;jq;fiuu mUfhikapy; ehfupfk; Njhd;wpaJ.

Mw;wq;fiuu mUfhikapy; ehfupfk; Njhd;wpaJ.

8. ,d;df;fpp xU fpNyh mtuf;fhh thq;fp te;Njd;.

,d;iwf;FF xU fpNyh mtiuf;fhaa; thq;fp te;Njd;.

14. ctk cUig vLj;J vOJf.

1. fpspNghyg; Ngrpdhs; - Nghy

2. Nta;Giu Njhs; - Giua

3. jhnahg;gg; NgRk; kfs; - xg;g

4. KoT cwo; jlf;if - cwo

5. kyud;d Nrtb - md;d

6. fhak; %o;F kfsph;fz; khDk; jhkiu - khd

7. ghk;gpd; ite;Jzp fLg;g - fLg;g

8. kpd;dpw;F ,iaa kpspUk; - ,iaa

9. nghd;Neh; GJkyh; - Neh ;

10. fz;nzhL epfh;f;Fk; fopg;G+q;Ftis - epfh ;

11. ahopd; ,d;d ,d;nrhy; - ,d;d

12. mk;G Edp Va;g;g mUk;gpa ,Ug;ig - Va;g;g

15. gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fSf;F cupa jkpo;r;nrhw;fis vOJf.

1. ,iwtid Nehf;fp ahj;jpiuu nry;yy; gf;jUf;fhd khu;f;fk;.

,iwtid Nehf;fpg; Gdpjg; gazk; nry;yy; mbahUf;fhd top.

2. N\j;jpuq;fs; NjhWk; nrd;W tpf;fpufq;fiss topgLf.

Nfhapy;fs; NjhWk; nrd;W nja;tj;jpUTUtq;fis topgLf.

3. ,e;j \u;l; kpfTk; fh];l;ypahdJ.

,e;j rl;il kpfTk; tpiy cau;e;jJ.

4. ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Nkl;rpy;; ,e;jpah fz;bg;ghf tpd; nra;Ak;.

ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpah fz;bg;ghf ntw;wp ngUk;;.

5. ehd; ,e;j fhNy[pd; Xy;l; ];Llz;l;.

ehd; ,e;jf; fy;Y}upapd; Kd;dhs; khztdd;.

6. Ntyd; Ranjhopypy; mjpf yhgk;; <l;bdhd;

Ntyd; jd;nrhe;j njhopypy; kpFe;j tUtha; <l;bdhd;

7. me;j tpQ;Qhdpapd; fz;Lgpbg;G kpfTk; GJikahdJ

me;j mwptpay; mwpQhpd; fz;Lgpbg;G kpfTk; GJikahdJ

8. midtiuAk; cz;zhtpujgg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fye;Jf; nfhs;s jiyth;

miog;GtpLj;jhh;.

midtiuAk; cz;zh Nehd;GG Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fye;Jf; nfhs;s

jiyth; miog;GtpLj;jhh;.

9. mtu; clw;$W kUj;Jtj;jpy; kpfr;rpwe;j epGzu;.

mtu; clw;$W kUj;Jtj;jpy; kpfr;rpwe;j ty;Yeu;.

10. myq;fupj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; ngUtpUg;Gf; nfhz;bUe;jhs; vopyp.

xg;gid nra;J nfhs;tjpy; ngUtpUg;Gf; nfhz;bUe;jhs; vopyp.

16. ,U nghUs; jUf.

1. MW - top> vz;> ejp

2. jpq;fs; - khjk;> epyT> jpq;fl;fpoik

3. khiy - G+khiy> khiyg;nghOJ

4. eif - mzpfyd;> Gd;dif


Page 10 of 38



5. nka; - cly;> cz;ik

6. Ey; - Gj;jfk;> gQ;R E}y;

7. fiy - Mz;khd;> fy;tp

8. gb - thapw;gb> Gj;jfk; gb

9. kjp - mwpT> epyT

17. xypkuG

1. ML fj;Jk; 11. Me;ij myWk;

2. vUJ vf;fhykpLk; 12. fhfk; fiuAk;

3. Fjpiu fidf;Fk; 13. fpsp NgRk;

4. Fuq;F myg;Gk; 14. Fapy; $Tk;

5. rpq;fk; Koq;Fk; 15. $if FoWk;

6. ehp CisapLk; 16. Nfhop nfhf;fhpf;Fk;

7. Gyp cWKk; 17. Nrty; $Tk;

8. ahid gpspWk; 18. Gwh FDFk;

9. G+id rPWk; 19. kapy; mfTk;

10. vyp fPr;rpLk; 20. tz;L KuYk;

18. nghUj;jkhd epWj;jw;Fwpapl;L vOJf.

1. rl;lj;ij kjpg;Nghk; Fw;wk; fise;j tho;T tho;Nthk; rl;lk; ek;ikf; fhf;Fk;

rl;lj;ij kjpg;Nghk;@ Fw;wk; fise;j tho;T tho;Nthk;@ rl;lk;

ek;ikf; fhf;Fk;.

2. fijg;glq;fs; kl;Lkpd;wpf; fUj;Jg;glq;fs; nra;jpg;glq;fs; tpsf;fg;glq;fs;

fy;tpg;glq;fs; vdg; gy tsu;r;rp epiyfisj; jpiug;gl;j;Jiw vl;bAs;sJ

fijg;glq;fs; kl;Lkpd;wpf; fUj;Jg;glq;fs;> nra;jpg;glq;fs;>

tpsf;fg;glq;fs;> fy;tpg;glq;fs; vdg; gy tsu;r;rp epiyfisj;

jpiug;gl;j;Jiw vl;bAs;sJ.

19. kuGj; njhlUf;fhd nghUs; vOJf.

1. Mapuq;fhyj;Jg; gaph; - ePz;l fhyj;jpw;fhpaJ.

2. vLg;ghh; ifg;gps;is - jd;rpe;jidapd;wp nrhy;gth;

Ngr;irf; Nfl;L elg;gth;

3. Vl;Lr;Riuf;fha; fwpf;FjthJ - gl;lwptpy;yhj gbg;G

4. mtiy epidj;J cuiy ,bj;jy; - vz;zKk; nraYk; xj;Jtuhik

5. Kjiyf; fz;zPh; - ngha;aOif

6. mtruf;FLf;if - vz;zpj; Jzpahjhh;

7. Mfhaj; jhkiu - ,y;;;;;;;;;yhj xd;W

8. fk;gp ePl;ly; - nrhy;ypf; nfhs;shky; nry;yy;

9. jhsk; NghLjy; - vijr; nrhd;dhYk; mg;gbNa

Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;

10. fhdy; ePh; - ,Ug;gJ Nghy; Njhd;Wk; Mdhy; ,uhJ

11. gQ;rha;g; gwj;jy; - miye;J jphpjy;.

12. Fl;br;Rth; - gadpd;wp ,Uj;jy;

13. nfhl;basj;jy; - kpFjpahfg; NgRjy;

14. gRkuj;jhzp - Mog;gjpjy;

15. thioab thio - guk;giu guk;giuahf

16. nfhbfl;b - jdpg;GfNohL tpsq;Fjy;


Page 11 of 38



20. ctikfisr; nrhw;nwhlupy; mikj;J vOJf.

1. Mapuq; fhyj;Jg; gapu;

jpUkzk; vd;gJ Mapuq; fhyj;Jg;; gapu;.

2. Kjiyf; fz;zPu;.

fhtyuplk; gpbgl;l jpUld;> ehd; jpUltpy;iy vd Kjiyf;fz;zPu; tbj;jhd;.

3. gRkuj;jhzp Nghy

,sikapy; ehk; fw;Fk; fy;tp gRkuj;jhzp Nghyy kdjpy; Mokhfg; gjpAk;.

4. mbaw;w kuk;Nghy

je;ijia ,oe;j FLk;gk; mbaw;w kuk;Nghyy MdJ.

5. cs;sq;if ney;ypf;fdpg;Nghy

vq;fs; Mrpupau; jpUf;FwSf;F mspj;j tpsf;fk; cs;sq;if ney;ypf; fdpg;

Nghyy njspthf tpsq;fpaJ.

6. Fd;wpd; Nkypl;l tpsf;Fg;Nghy

ehk; mwptpy; rpwe;jtu;fshf tsUk;NghJ ekJ Gfo;> Fd;wpd; Nkypl;l

tpsf;Fg;Nghy cynfq;Fk; xsp tPRk;.

21 . I. nghUj;Jf1.Ifhuf;FWf;fk; - m. K/BJ

2.xsfhuf;FWf;fk; - M. jiytd;

3.Ma;jf;FWf;fk; - ,. Nghd;k;

4.kfuFWf;fk; - <. ntsthy; tpil:- 1-M> 2-<> 3-m> 4-,

II. nghUj;Jf

1. ntspg;gilr; nrhw;fs; - m. NrhW cz;lhd;

2. Fwpg;Gr;nrhy; - M. fy;>kz;

3. ,dq;Fwpj;jy; - ,. ,Uth; Foe;ij ngw;wdh;tpil :- 1- M> 2- ,> 3-m

III. nghUj;Jf

1. mwptpdh - m. tUthah? vdpy; thNud; vd;gJ

2. Vty;tpil - M. cz;lhah?vdpy; tapW typf;Fk; vd;gJ

3. kiwtpil - ,. ,jidr; nra;thah? vdpy; ePNa nra; vd;gJ4. cWtJ $wy; - <.‘‘,jd; nghUs;ahJ” vd Mrphpah;khzthplk; Nfl;gJ

tpil:- 1-<> 2-,> 3-m> 4-M

IV. nghUj;Jf

1. <W Nghjy; - m. ntw;wpiy

2. Mjp ePly; - M. nre;jkpo;

3. ,dkpfy; - ,. nrk;nkhop4. jd;ndhw;wpul;ly; - <. %J}h; tpil:- 1-,> 2-<> 3-M> 4-m

V. nghUj;Jf

1. FwpQ;rp - m. Kay;>khd;

2. Ky;iy - M. Gyp>fub

3. kUjk; - ,. Kjiy>Rwh

4. nea;jy; - <. vUik>ePh;eha; tpil:- 1-M> 2-m> 3-<> 4-,

VI. ,sikg; ngah;fisg; nghUj;Jf.

1. ML - m. fd;W

2. khd; - M. gps;is

3. fPup - ,. Fl;b4. rpq;fk; - <.FQ;R

5. Nfhop - c.FUis tpil :1-,> 2-m> 3-M> 4-c> 5-<


Page 12 of 38



VII. nghUj;Jf.

1. kapy; - m. fiuAk;

2. $if - M. fj;Jk;

3. ahid - ,. FoWk;4. fhfk; - <. mfTk;

5. ML - c. gpspUk; tpil :1-<> 2-,> 3-c> 4-m> 5. M

22. gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;

1) Nghw;wp => Nghw;W +,Nghw;W => gFjp, => tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp

2) va;Jth; =>va;J+t;+mh;

va;J => gFjpt; => vjph;fhy ,ilepiymu; => gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

3) tPo;e;jds; =>tPo;+j;(e;)+j;+md;+ms;

tPo; => gFjpj;(e;) => “j;”-re;jp: “e;”- MdJ tpfhuk;

j; => ,we;j fhy ,ilepiymd; => rhupia ms; =>ngz;;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

4) Nfl;l => Nfs;(l;)+l;+mNfs;(l;) => gFjp; s; -l; MdJ tpfhuk;:

l; => ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy

m => nganur;r tpFjp

5) tho;thd; =>tho; +t;+Md;

tho; => gFjp

t; => vjph;fhy ,ilepiy

Md; => Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

6) G+z;l => G+z; +l;+mG+z; => gFjp

l; => ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy

m => nganur;r tpFjp

FWtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz; 21 Kjy; 27 tiu

1. Ifhuf; FWf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff?

nkhop Kjy; >,il>fil Mfpa %tplq;fspy; tUk; “Ifhuk;” jd; khj;jpiu

mstpypUe;JFiwe;J xypg;gJ Ifhuf; FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;.

(v-L) Ik;gJ – nrhy;Yf;F Kjypy; te;J xd;wiu khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ.

jiytd; – nrhy;Yf;F ,ilapy; te;J xU khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ.

fliy – nrhy;Yf;F <w;wpy; te;J xU khj;jpiuahff; Fiwe;jJ.

2. xsfhuf; FWf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

nrhy;Yf;F Kjypy; tUk; xsfhuk; jdJ ,uz;L khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J Fiwe;J

xd;wiw khj;jpiu mstha; xypf;Fk;

rhd;W: xsit> ntsthy;


Page 13 of 38



3 . nrhy; vd;why; vd;d?

Xh; vOj;J jdpj;J epd;Nwh> gy vOj;Jf;fs; njhlh;e;J epd;Nwh nghUs; jUtJ

nrhy; vdg;gLk;.

4 . nkhopapd; tiffs; ahit?

nkhop %d;W tifg;gLk; mit jdpnkhop>njhlh;nkhop>nghJnkhop vd;gitahFk;.

5. nghJnkhop vd;why; vd;d? rhd;W je;J tpsf;Ff.

xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W xU nghUisAk;> mr;nrhy;Ny gpw nrhw;fSld; njhlh;e;J

epd;W NtW nghUisAk; je;J jdpnkhopf;Fk; njhlu; nkhopf;Fk; nghJtha; miktJ.

rhd;W: me;jkhd; - jPT> me;j khd; : tpyq;F

6. Kw;nwr;rk; vd;why; vd;d?

xU tpid Kw;Wr; nrhy; vr;rg;nghUspy; te;J kw;nwhU tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L

KbtJ Kw;nwr;rk; vdg;gLk;. (v.L) ee;jpdp te;jds;> Nghapds;.

7. njhpepiy tpidKw;Wr; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff?

nra;gtd;>fUtp>epyk;>nray;>fhyk;>nra;nghUs; vd;Dk; MwidAk;

ntspg;gilahff; fhl;LtJ njhpepiytpidKw;whFk;

(v.L) cotd; taiy cOjhd;

nra;gtd; - cotd; fUtp - fyg;ig

epyk; - tay; nray; - cOjy;

fhyk; - ,we;jfhyk; nra;nghUs; - ney;

8. ,dq;Fwpj;jy; vd;why; vd;d? v.fh. jUf.

xU nrhy;> jd; nghUisAk; Fwpj;Jj; jdf;F ,dkhd nghUisAk; Fwpj;J

tUtJ ,dq;Fwpj;jy; vdg;gLk;. (v.fh) fjpu;Nty; ntw;wpiy jpd;whd;.

9. mLf;Fj; njhlh; vd;why; vd;d? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff?

mirepiyf;Fk;> tpiuT> rpdk;> kfpo;r;rp> mr;rk;> Jd;gk;> Kjypa nghUs;

epiyf;Fk; nra;Aspy; ,iria epiwT nra;tjw;Fk; ,uz;L>%d;W>ehd;F Kiw

mLf;fp tUtJ mLf;Fj; njhlh; MFk;.

(v.L) 1. tho;f! tho;f! - kfpo;r;rp 2. ghk;G! ghk;G! - mr;rk;.

10. mLf;Fj; njhlUf;Fk; ,ul;ilfpstpf;Fk; cs;s NtWghL ahJ?

t. mLf;Fj; njhlh; ,ul;ilfpstp

1 nrhw;fs; jdpj;jdpNa nrhw;fs; xd;Wgl;Lepw;Fk;

epw;Fk;

2 gphpj;jhy; nghUs; jUk; gphpj;jhy; nghUs; juhJ

3 ,uz;L>%d;W>ehd;F ,uz;L Kiw kl;LNk mLf;fp tUk;

Kiw mLf;fp tUk;

11. tpdh vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit?

tpdh MWtifg;gLk; mit>

mwptpdh>mwpahtpdh>Iatpdh>nfhsy;tpdh>nfhiltpdh>Vty;tpdh-vd;gitahFk;.

12. Ia tpdhtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

jdJ Iaj;jpidg; Nghf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf tpdtg;gLk; tpdh Ia tpdh.

v.fh. mq;Nf fplg;gJ ghk;Ngh? fapNwh?

13. nfhsy; tpdhtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

xU nghUis thq;Fk; nghUl;L Nfl;fg;gLk; tpdh nfhsy; tpdh.

v.fh. gUg;G cs;sjh? vd tzpfuplk; tpdTk; tpdh.


Page 14 of 38



14. tpil vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mitahit?

vl;L tifg;gLk; mit>

1. Rl;Ltpil 2. kiwtpil 3. Neh;tpil 4. Vty;tpil 5. tpdhntjph;

tpdhjy;tpil 6. cw;wJ ciuj;jy;tpil 7. cWtJ $wy;tpil8. ,dnkhoptpil.

15. ntspg;gilahf nghUs; czu;j;Jk; tpil tiffs; ahit?

Rl;L> kiw> Neu; Mfpad ntspg;gilahf nghUs; czu;j;Jk;.

16. Fwpg;ghy; nghUs; czu;j;Jk; tpil tiffs; ahit?

Vty;> tpdh vjpu; tpdhjy;> cw;wJ ciuj;jy;> cWtJ $wy;> ,dnkhop Mfpa

Ie;Jk; Fwpg;ghy; nghUs; czu;j;Jk; tpilfs;.

17. cw;wJ ciuj;jy; tpilapid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

~~,J nra;thah? || vd tpdtpaNghJ ~clk;G nehe;jJ| vd jdf;F cw;wij

$WtJ> cw;wJ ciuj;jy; tpil.

18. cWtJ $wy; tpilapid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

~~,J nra;thah? || vd tpdtpaNghJ ~if typf;Fk;| vd jdf;F tug;Nghtjid

$WtJ> cWtJ $wy; tpil.

19. ,dnkhop tpilapid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

~~MLthah?|| vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;F ~ghLNtd;| vd MLtjw;F ,dkhd

ghLtjidf; $wtJ> ,dnkhop tpil.

20.xU nghUl; gd;nkhop vd;why; vd;d?vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf?

nghUl; rpwg;Gf;fhf xU nghUisf; Fwpf;f gy nrhw;fs; tUtJ xU nghUl;

gd;nkhopahFk;. (v.fh) 1.eLikak;> 2. kPkpir QhapW

21. ctk cUGfs; ahit ?

Nghy>Giua>xg;g> cwo> md;d>,d;d vd;gd ctk cUGfshFk;.

22. nrk;ik + nkhop vt;thW GzUk;?

1. nrk;ik + nkhop = nrk;nkhop 2. ~<WNghjy; tpjpg;gb| ik nfl;L nrk;nkhop vd;W Gzh;e;jJ.

23. ntw;wpiy Gzh;r;rp tpjp $Wf.

1. ntw;wpiy - ntWik + ,iy 2. ntW + ,iy - <WNghjy; 3. ntw; + ,iy - capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;NlhLk;.

4. ntw;w; + ,iy - jd;ndhw;wpul;ly;. 5. ntw;wpiy - cly; Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng

24. Kjw;nghUs; vd;gJ ahJ?

epyKk; nghOJk; Kjw;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.

25. fUg; nghUs; vd;gJ ahJ?

me;je;j (Itif) epyj;jpw;Fhpa nja;tk;> kf;fs;> czT> tpyq;F> Kjypa

nghUs;fs; fUg;nghUs;fs; MFk;.


Page 15 of 38



26. fUg;nghUs; ml;ltiz

27. mfj;jpiz:

jpiz ngUk;nghOJ khjk; rpWnghOJ fhyk;

FwpQ;rp Fsph;fhyk; Ig;grp> fhh;j;jpif ahkk; ,uT 10.00 - 2.00Kd;gdp khh;fop> ij

Ky;iy fhh;fhyk; Mtzp> Gul;lhrp khiy khiy 6.00 - 10.00kUjk; MW ngUk; 12 khjq;fs; itfiw> ,uT 2.00 - 6.00

nghOJfs; fhiy fhiy 6.00 - 10.00nea;jy; MW ngUk;; 12 khjq;fs; vw;ghL gpw;gfy;2.00 - 6.00

nghOJfs;

ghiy ,sNtdpy;> rpj;jpiu> itfhrp ez;gfy; fhiy 10..00 - 2.00KJNtdpy; Mdp> Mb

gpd;gdp khrp gq;Fdp

28. Gwj;jpizfs;:

1. ntl;rp - epiufth;jy;

2. fue;ij - epiu kPl;ly;

3. tQ;rp - gifNkw; nry;yy;

4. fhQ;rp - vjph; epw;wy;

5. nehr;rp - kjpy; fhj;jy;

6. copiQ - kjpy; tisj;jy;

7. Jk;ig - mjpug;nghUjy;

8. thif - nrUntd;wy;

9. ghlhz; - Mz; kfdpd; xOfyhW

10. nghJtpay; - midj;J jpizfSf;Fk; nghJthdJ

11. iff;fpis - xUjiyf;fhkk;

12. ngUe;jpiz - nghUe;jhf;fhkk;

fUg;nghUs; FwpQ;rp Ky;iy kUjk; nea;jy; ghiy

nja;tk; KUfd; jpUkhy; ,e;jpud; tUzd; nfhw;wit

kf;fs;Fwth;> Fwj;jpah;

Mah;. Ma;r;rpah;

coth;> coj;jpah;

gujd;> guj;jpah;

vapdh;> vapw;wpah;

czTkiyney;> jpiz

tuF> rhik

nre;ney;> ntz;nzy;

kPd;>cg;Gf;Fg;ngw;wnghUs;

#iwahlyhy; tUk;nghUs;

aho;FwpQ;rp aho;

Ky;iy aho;

kUjaho;tpshp aho;

ghiy aho;

gz; FwpQ;rpg;gz; rhjhhpg;gz; kUjg;gz; nrt;topg;gz; gQ;Rug;gz;

njhopy;NjndLj;jy;> fpoq;Fmfo;jy;

VWjOTjy; epiuNka;j;jy;

ney;yhpjy;> fisgwpj;jy;

kPd;gpbj;jy;> cg;Gtpisj;jy;

topg;gwp> epiufth;jy


Page 16 of 38



29. Gwj;jpiz vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit?

Gwj;jpiz gd;dpuz;L tifg;gLk;> mit

1. ntl;rpj;jpiz 2.fue;ijj;jpiz 3.tQ;rpj;jpiz 4.fhQ;rpj;jpiz

5. nehr;rpj;jpiz 6.copiQj;jpiz> 7.Jk;igj;jpiz 8.thifj;jpiz

9. ghlhz;jpiz 10.nghJtpay;jpiz 11.iff;fpisj;jpiz 12.ngUe;jpiz

30. kjpy;Nghu; gw;wpa Gwj;jpizfs; ahit?

1. nehr;rp> 2. copiQ

31. vjpu; vjpu; jpizfs; ahit?

ntl;rp - fue;ijtQ;rp - fhQ;rp

nehr;rp - copiQ

32. ehy;tifg; ghf;fs; ahit?

ntz;gh>Mrphpag;gh>fypg;gh>tQ;rpg;gh vd “gh”ehy;tifg;gLk;.33. ntz;ghtpd;tiffs;ahit?

ntz;gh MWtifg;gLk; mit>

1. Fws;;ntz;gh 2. Nehpirntz;gh 3.,d;dpirntz;gh

4. g/nwhil ntz;gh 5. Nehpirr;rpe;jpay;ntz;gh

6. ,d;dpirr; rpe;jpay;ntz;gh vd;gitahFk;.

34. Mrphpag;ghtpd;tiffs; ahit?

1. Nehpir Mrphpag;gh 2. ,izf;Fws;Mrphpag;gh 3. epiykz;by Mrphpag;gh

4. mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;gh

rpWtpdhf;fs; - tpdh vz; : 28 Kjy; 30 tiu

1. ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzj;ij $Wf?

1. <w;wb Kr;rPuha; Vida mbfs; ehw;rPuha;tUk;.

2. ,aw;rPh;(khr;rPh;>tpsr;rPh;) ntz;rPh; (fha;rPh;) tUk; gpw rPh;fs;tuhJ.

3. ,aw;rPh; ntz;lisAk; (khKd;epiu tpsKd;Neh;) ntzrPh; ntz;lisAk;

(fha;Kd;Neh;)tUk; gpw jisfs;tuhJ.

4. <w;wbapd; <w;Wr;rPh; ehs;>kyh;>fhR>gpwg;G vd;Dk; Xuir tha;ghLfSs; xd;W

nfhz;LKbAk;.

5. nrg;gNyhir ngw;WtUk;.

6. ,uz;lb Kjy;>gd;dpuz;L mbtiu tUk;.

2 . mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;ghtpid vLj;Jf;fhl;L je;J tpsf;Ff.

Mrphpag;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ngw;W> vy;yh mbfisAk; Kd;gpd;dhf

khw;wpg;gbj;jhYk; XirAk;>nghUSk; khwhJ tUtJ mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;gh vdg;gLk;.

(v.L) jha;nkhop tsh;j;jy; jkpoh; jk; flNd

tha;nkhop Guj;jy; kw;wth; flNd

jha;nkhop jtph;j;jy; fw;wth; flNd

Ma;nkhop Aiuj;jy; mwpQh;jq;; flNd

,g;ghlypy; cs;s mbfis Kd;gpd;dhf khw;wpdhYk; ghlypd; XirAk; nghUSk;

khwhky; tUfpd;wJ.


Page 17 of 38



3 . jw;Fwpg;Nw;w mzp:

mzp tiuaiw :jd; + Fwpg;G + Vw;wk; = jw;Fwpg;Ngw;wk;.. ,ay;ghf epfOk;

epfo;r;rpapd; kPJ ftpQh; jk; Fwpg;gpid Vw;wpf; $WtJ jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp.

rhd;W:: ~~NghUoe; njLj;j Mnuapy; neLq;nfhb

thuy; vd;gdNghy; kwpj;J iffhl;l”tpsf;fk;:

,ay;ghd epfo;T.:: kJiu kjpy; kPJ fhw;wpy; nfhb mirjy;.

jw;Fwpg;G:: kJiuapd; kjpy; Nky; cs;s nfhb> kJiuf;F tUk; NfhtyidAk;

fz;zfpiaAk; ghh;j;J> ,q;F te;jhy; jPq;F tpisAk; tuhjPH; vd;W

kwpj;Jf; ifiaf; fhl;LfpwJ.

nghUj;jk;:: fhw;wpy; nfhb mirtJ ,ay;G. ftpQd; ~kJiuf;F tuhjPH;| vd;Wf;

ifia mirf;fpwJ vdf; $Wtjhy; ,J jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpahFk;.

4 .tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rp mzp:

mzp tiuaiw:

Gfo;tJ Nghy gopj;jYk; gopg;gJ Nghy Gfo;tJk; tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rp mzp.

rhd;W:: Njth; midah; fath; mtUe;jhk;

Nktd nra;njhOf yhd;.

tpsf;fk;:: (Gfo;tJ Nghy gopj;jy;)

Gfo;jy;:: fath;fs; Njth;fSf;F xg;ghth;.

gopj;jy;:: fath;fs; jk; kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpy; jPa nray;fisr; nra;gth;.

nghUj;jk;:: fath;fisj; Njth;fSf;F xg;ghdth;fs; vdg; Gfo;e;J $wp>

mth;fs; jk; kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpy; jPa nray;fisr;

nra;gth;fs; vdg; gopj;Jf; $wpajhy; ,J tQ;rg; Gfo;r;rpmzp.

5 .nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp:

mzp tiuaiw:

nra;Aspy; Kd;dh; te;j nrhy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J XNu nghUisj; jUtJ

nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazpahFk;.

rhd;W:: jPait jPa gaj;jyhy; jPait

jPapDk; mQ;rg; gLk;.

tpsf;fk;:: jPa nray;fs;> jk;ik nra;jtDf;Fj; jPik jUtjhy;>

mit jPia tpl mjpfkhf mQ;rj;jf;fitahFk;.

nghUj;jk;:: jPa vd;Dk; nrhy; jPik vd;Dk; xNu nghUspy; gyKiw te;Js;sJ.

vdNt ,J nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazpahFk;

6.myfpl;L tha;g;ghL tha;ghL $Wjy;

Fwpg;G:: 1. nka;naOj;jpd; gf;fj;jpy; / FwpapLjy;2. neby; gf;fj;jpy; / FwpapLjy;3. ,U Fwpy; mLj;J / FwpapLjy;4. xw;W kw;Wk; Ma;j vOj;ij ePf;fp> Xh; vOj;J ,Ug;gpd; Neh; vdf;nfhs;f.

,uz;L vOj;J ,Ug;gpd; epiu vdf; nfhs;f.

,t;tpjpiag; gpd;gw;wp fPo;f;fz;l Fwl;ghitg; gphpj;Jf; fhz;Nghk;.

va;jw; fupa jpiae;jf;fhy;> me;epiyNa

nra;jw; fupa nray;


Page 18 of 38



myfpl;L tha;ghL

t.vz; rPu ; mir tha;ghL

1. va;/jw; Neh; Neh; Njkh

2 fhp/a epiu Neh; Gspkh

3 jpiae; /jf; /fhy; epiu Neh; Neh; Gspkhq;fha;

4 me; /epiy/ Na Neh; epiu Neh; $tpsq;fha;

5 nra; /jw; Neh; Neh; Njkh

6 fhp/a epiu Neh; Gspkh

7 nray; epiu kyh;

Jizg;ghlf; fl;Liufs; - tpdh vz; 31 Kjy; 33 tiu

1. ghpjpkhw;fiyQh;jkpo; gw;W:

kJiuapy; ehd;fhk; jkpo;r;rq;fk; itf;f Kad;wtu;fSs; ghpjpkhw;fiyQUk;

xUtu;.

aho;g;ghzk; rp.it.jhNkhjudhu; ,tuJ jkpo;g;Gyika fz;L jpuhtpl rh];jpup

vd;Dk; gl;lj;ij toq;fpdhu;.

R+hpaehuhazrh];jpup vd;Dk; tlnkhopg; ngaiu khw;wp gupjpkhw;fiyQu; vdj;

jdpj;jkpopy; ngau;#l;lbf;nfhz;lhu;.

kzpg;gpuths eil jkpo;j;jha;f;F kpsfhiag; Nghd;w vhpr;riyj; jUk; vd;whu;.

jkpo;j;njhz;L

1902Mk; Mz;L jkpio tpyf;fp tlnkhopiaf; nfhz;L tUk; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd;

Kbit vjpu;j;jhu;.

Ughtjp fyhtjp vd;Dk; ehlfj;ij ,aw;wp mjpy; ebj;jhu;.

QhdNghjpdp vd;Dk; ,jio elj;jpdhu;

nre;jkpo; vd;Dk; ,jopy; cau;jdpr; nrk;nkhop vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy;> jkpopd;

ngUikfisvOjpdhu;.

eLtzuR ghpjpkhw; fiyQUf;F mQ;ry;jiy ntspapl;L rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.

2. nky;y nky;y kwKd;Diu:

fkyehjd; Xaky; Gifg; gpbf;Fk; jPa gof;fj;ij cilatd;. fkyehjdpd; kidtpNfhfpyh. fztdpd; Gifg; gof;fj;ij khw;w Nfhfpyh vLj;j Kaw;rpfs; midj;Jk;Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ. ,e;epiyapy; fkyehjd; vt;thW kdk; khwpdhd; vd;gijg; gw;wpfhz;Nghk;.

Nfhfpyhtpd; mwpTiu

kUj;Jtkidf;F nrd;W te;j Nfhfpyh> Gifg; gof;fj;jpdhy; Gw;W Neha; tUk; vd;WkUj;Jth; $wpajhf fkyehjDf;F $Wfpwhs;. kidtp $wpaij kWj;j fkyehjd;Gifg;gof;fj;jpypUe;J jd;id khw;wpf; nfhs;s KbahJ vd;W Kbthf $wptpLfpwhd;.

,uhkypq;fj;jpd; kuzk;

fkyehjdpd; ez;gd; ,uhkypq;fKk; Gifg; gpbf;Fk; gof;fk; cilath;. mutJ Gifg;gof;fj;jpdhy; Rthrg; ig Gw;W Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhu;. ,ij mwpe;j fkyehjd;kdk; fyq;fpdhd;. ,Wjpahf ,uhkypq;fk; kuzkilfpwhu;.


Page 19 of 38



rpahkyhtpd; epiy

rpahksh fztid ,oe;J ntWk; fOj;Jk;> ntwpr;Nrhba new;wpAkhf ,Ue;jhs;.mtsJ Foe;ijfs; mtsplk; ‘mg;gh vg;gkh tUthU” vd;W Nfl;ld. ,ij fz;lfkyehjd; kpfTk; kdk; fyq;fpdhd;.

fkyehjdpd; kd khw;wk;

ez;gdpd; kuzk; fkyehjid kpfTk; ghjpj;jJ. ,dp Gifg; gpbf;Fk; gof;fj;ijrpwpJ rpwpjhf khw;wpf; nfhs;tjhf Nfhfpyhtplk; $Wfpwhd;. NfhfpyhTk; fztdpd;Kbit Nfl;L kpfTk; kdk; kfpo;fpwhs;.

3. md;whl tho;tpy; rl;lq;fs; (vitNaDk; ,uz;L kl;Lk;)

Foe;ijj;njhopyhsu; jilr;rl;lk;

ngw;Nwhu; jk; tWikiag; Nghf;f Foe;ijfis Ntiyf;F mDg;Gfpd;wdu;. gbf;Fk;

tajpy; Foe;ijfs; Fiwe;j tUkhdj;ijg; ngw;W mjpfkhf ciof;fpd;wdu;. ,e;epiyia

khw;w murhy; nfhz;L tug;gl;lNj Foe;ijj;njhopyhsu; jilr;rl;lk;.

Efu;Nthu; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lq;fs;

re;ijapy; tpw;gid nra;ag;gLk; nghUs;fspy; vj;jifa FiwghLfs; ,Ue;jhYk;>

ePjpkd;wq;fisNah Efu;Nthu; ghJfhg;Gf; FOitNah mZfpj; jPu;T fhzyhk;. ,jw;nfd

jdp ePjpkd;wq;fs; cs;sd. Efu;Nthu; chpikfisg; ghJfhf;fr; rl;lq;fs; gy cs;sd.

jfty; mwpAk; chpikr; rl;lk;:

murpay; rhrdj;jpd; 19 (1)MtJ gpuptpd;gb Fbkf;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; KOikahd

Ngr;Rhpik> vOj;Jhpik cz;L NkYk;> mjw;Fhpa jfty;fis ngwTk; KO chpik

cz;L. ,e;jpa Fbkf;fs; jdpahfNth Xu; mikg;gpd; %ykhfNt jfty; mwpAk; chpikr;

rl;lk; 2005 gpupT 6,d;gb jfty; ngwyhk;. nghJj;jfty; mYtyhplk; gj;J c&gha;

nrYj;jp tpz;zg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F fPo; cs;sth;fs; fl;lzk; nrYj;j

Njitapy;iy.

4. ghuj uj;dh vk;.[p.,uhkr;re;jpud;

gpwg;G

ghuj uj;dh vk;.[p.,uhr;re;jpud; ,yq;ifapYs;s fz;bapy; 1917 Mk; Mz;L rdtupj;

jpq;fs; 17Mk; ehs; NfhghyNkdd; rj;aghkh ,izaUf;F kfdhfg; gpwe;jhu;.

jpiug;glj; Jiw

ehlfq;fspy; ebj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j ,uhkr;re;jpud;> jpiug;glj;Jiwapy; <Lgl;L ebf;fj;

njhlq;fpdhu;. jdJ mauhj ciog;ghy; cau;epiyia mile;jhu;.

murpay;

mwpQu; mz;zhthy; ftug;gl;l vk;.[p.Mu;. murpaypy; <Lgl;L Vio kf;fspd; kdjpy;

kf;fs; jpyfk; vd;Dk; gl;lj;ijg; ngw;whu;. mwpQu; mz;zh ,tiu ,jaf;fdp vdg;

Nghw;wpdhu;. 1972 Mk; Mz;L jhkpUe;j ,af;fj;jpypUe;J tpyfpg; Gjpa fl;rpiaj; njhlq;fpdhu;.

jkpofj;jpd; Kjy;tu;.

1977 Mk; Mz;L jkpofr; rl;lkd;wj; Njh;jypy; ngw;wp ngw;W Kjy;tuhdhu;. ngUe;jiytu;

fhkuhru; mwpKfg;gLj;jpa kjpa czT jpl;lj;ij midj;Jg; gs;spfSf;Fk; toq;fpdhu;.

,e;jpa muR ,tUf;F ghuj uj;dh tpUJ toq;fp rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.


Page 20 of 38



5. Fwl;il xyp

njd;gFjpapy; xU FLk;gKk;> tlgFjpay; xU FLk;gKk; ,Ue;jd.

njd;gFjp FLk;gk;

fztd;> kidtp> MW Foe;ijfs;> xU ghl;b> xU eha; vd;W ngupa Viof;

FLk;gk;. vg;nghOJk; Foe;ijfspd; Muthuk; ,Uf;Fk;.

tlgFjp FLk;gk;

fztd;> kidtp vd ,Utu; kl;LNk thOk; nghpa FLk;gk;. ,Uky;> Vg;gk; jtpu

NtW ve;j xypAk; ,y;iy.

njd;gFjp FLk;gKk; eha;Fl;bfSk;

Vioapd; kidtp Vohtjhf xU Foe;ijia <d;nwLj;jhs;. rpy ehspy;> eha;Fl;bAk;

Ie;J Fl;bfis <d;wJ. mLj;j %d;whk; ehs; ntspNa nrd;w eha; jpUk;gtpy;iy.

eha;Fl;bfs; grpahy; fj;jpd.

Vioj;jhapd; fUiz

grpahy; fj;jpa eha;f;Fl;bfSf;F jd;Dila ghiyNa gQ;rpapy; eidj;Jj; je;J

grpNghf;fpdhs;. eha;f;Fl;bfspd; xyp mlq;fpaJ. Vg;g xyp te;j jpirapypUe;j Ful;il

xyp tuj; njhlq;fpaJ.

6. E}yfk;.E}yfj;jpd; Njhw;wk;

kf;fs; jk; vz;zq;fshy; ,yf;fpaq;fSk;> ,yf;fzq;fSk; Njhd;w Muk;gpj;jd.

mt;thW Njhd;wpa E}y;fs; midtUf;Fk; gad;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf nghJ E}yfq;fs;

jpwf;fg;gl;ld.

E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fs;

Gj;jfr;rhiy> Vlfk;> Rtbafk;> Rtbr;rhiy> thrfrhiy> gbg;gfk;> E}y;epiyak;>

gz;lhuk; vd;gd E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fshFk;.

nghJ E}yfj;Jiw

nghJ kf;fs; midtUk; gad; ngUk; tifapy; Cu;NjhWk; E}yfq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;ld.

1948Mk; Mz;L jkpof muR nrd;idg; nghJ E}yfr; rl;lj;ij ,aw;wp> E}yfj;jpd;

rPwhd ,af;fj;jpw;F tpj;jpl;lJ.

gs;sp E}yfk;

gs;sp khztu;fs; gad;ngWk; tifapy; gs;spapNyNa ~~Gj;jfg; G+q;nfhj;J|| vd;Dk;

tFg;giw E}yfk; nray;gl;L tUfpwJ.

E}yfKk; gaDk;

,yf;fpak;> ,yf;fzk;> jpwdha;T> mwptpay;> kUj;Jtk;> fzpjk;> fzpdp> tuyhW>

nghJ mwpT vd gy;Jiw E}y;fSld; nra;jpj;jhs;fSk; E}yfj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. mtw;iw

tPl;bw;F vLj;J nrd;W gbf;Fk; trjpAk; cs;sJ. khztu;fs; E}yfj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp

jq;fsJ gy;Jiw mwpitAk; tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fis jkpohf;fk; nra;f - tpdh vz;: 34(m)

1 . ~~lhbb tu;w rz;Nll vdf;F gu;j; Nll. gll; ePq;f ,d;Dk; vdf;F gu;j;Nl bu]];

vLf;ftpy;iyNa> ntha; lhbb? vd;Ndhl gpuz;l;i]nay;yhk;; tPl;Lf;F tur;nrhy;ypf;

fhy; gz;zpapUf;fpNwd;..||


Page 21 of 38



tpil:

~~mg;ghh tUfpw Qhapw;Wf; fpoik vdf;F gpwe;j ehs;;. Mdhy;; ePq;f ,d;Dk;

vdf;F gpwe;j ehs; Mill vLf;ftpy;iyNa> Vd; mg;ghh? vd;Ndhl ez;gu;fisnay;yhk;

tPl;Lf;F tur;nrhy;yp mioNgrpapy; mioj;jpUf;Nfd;;|

2. RNu\; thl; N`g;gz;ll; ? Vd; Nyl;lhh tu;Nw ?

topapNy xNu buhgpf; [hk;lhh mjdhyjhd; Nyl;;> rup rup g]]; vj;jid kzpf;F

tUk;? bf;fl;; fpilr;rjh?

g]; nld; ju;l;bf;FF tUk; yh];l; tPf;Nf upru;t; nra;jhr;R.

tpil:

RNu\; vd;d Mapw;WW? vd; jhkjkha;; tu;Nw ?

topapNy xNu Nghf;Ftuj;J neupry;lh>> mjdhyjhd; jhkjk;>> rup rup NgUe;J

vj;jid kzpf;F tUk;? gazr;rPl;LL fpilr;rjh?

NgUe;J gj;J Kg;gJf;FF tUk;. nrd;w thuNk Kd; gjpT nra;jhr;R.

Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fSf;F ,izahdj; jkpo; nrhw;fs;\hg;gpq; - filf;F

ntha; lhb - Vd; je;ijNa ?

fhy; - miog;G

Nlhd;l; nthup - ftiyg;glhNj

tpf;fpufq;fs; - nja;tr; rpiyfs;

khu;fk; - top

ahj;jpiu - Gdpjg; gazk;

\h;l; - Nkyhil

fh];l;yp - tpiy cah;e;jJ

Xy;l; ];Llz;l; - Kd;dhs; khztd;

thl; `hg;gz;l - vd;d Mapw;W

Nyl; - jhkjk;

buhgpf; [hk; - Nghf;Ftuj;J nehpry;

bf;fl; - gazr; rPl;L

yh];l; tPf; - fle;j thuk;

uprh;t; - Kd;gjpT

bgd; - rpw;Wz;b

A+dpghu;k; - rPWil

Ngd; - kpd; tprphp

nry;Nghd; - miyg;Ngrp

jkpo; vz;fis mwpf - tpdh vz;: 34(M)

1-É 2-Ê 3-Ë 4-Ì 5-Í 6-Î 7-Ï 8-Ð 9 Ñ 10 É0

fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;l vz;fSf;Fj; jkpo; vz;fis vOJ.

4> 50> 64> 11> 77> 85> 90> 116> 24

jkpo; vz;fSf;F muG vz;fis vOJ. ÍÊÏ> ÑÐ> ÉÌÎ> ÏÐË> ÎÍÊ


Page 22 of 38



Mq;fpy ciug;gFjpiaj; jkpohf;fk; nra;f tpdh vz; 35(m)

1. Trees are very useful to us.They give us timber and firewood. The timber is used tomake chairs, tables and other furniture. We get oil from the oil seeds of some trees. Theleaves and fruits of some trees are used to prepare medicines.

k uq ;fs ; ekf ;F k p fTk ; gads p f ; f p d ; wd . mit ekf ;F

kuf;fl;iliaAk;>tpwifAk; jUfpd;wd. ehw;fhypfs;> Nkirfs; kw;Wk; gytifahd

fiyg;nghUl;fs; nra;a kuf;fl;ilfs; cjTfpd;wd. rpy kuq;fspd; tpj;Jf;fspy;

,Ue;J vz;nza; fpilf;fpwJ. rpy kuq;fspd; ,iyfs;> fdpfs; Mfpait

kUe;Jfs; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLfpd;wd.

2. Early to bed and earlly to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise. The earlyriser has more time and energy to prepare for the day”s work than the late riser. Besides,he finds himself fresh and brisk. Early morning is the most suitable time for study. As themind is fresh, even a difficult is made easy.

gpd; J}q;fp> Kd; vOjy; vDk; gof;fk; XUtid cly;eyKilatdhf>

nry;tKilatdhf> mwpT cilatdhf Mf;Fk;. jhkjkha; vOgtid tpl

mjpfhiyapy; vOgtDf;F md;whl Ntiyfisf; ftdpf;f mjpf NeuKk;>

rf;jpAk; fpilf;fpwJ. mtd; jd;idg; Gj;Jzh;r;rp cilatdhfTk; RWRWg;G

cilatdhfTk; czh;fpwhd;. mjpfhiy NeuNk kpfTk; cfe;jjhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

rpj;jk; njspthf ,Ug;gjhy;> fbdkhd ghlg;gFjp$l vspjhf MfptpLfpwJ.

3. The television is one of the wonders of modern India. Many useful programs oneducation, health, agriculture and family planning are specially prepared for rural viewers.Interesting dramas and films are shown at regular intervals. The television is also used forcommercial advertisements.

njhiyf;fhl;rp jw;fhy ,e;jpahtpd; mw;Gjq;fspy; xd;whFk;. fy;tp> eytho;T>

Ntshz;ik> FLk;geyk; Nghd;w gad;jUk; gy epfo;r;rpfs;> ehl;Lg;Gw kf;fSf;fhfNt

jdp ftdpg;Gld; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Mh;tKld; ghh ;f;fj;jf;f ehlfq;fSk;>

jpiug;glq;fSk; Fwpg ;g pl ;l ,ilntspfspy; fhz;gpf ;fg;gLfpd;wd. tzpf

tpsk;guq;fSf;Fk; njhiyf;fhl;rp gad;gLfpwJ.

4. Food is essential for all living beings. Without food man cannot live long. Everyman has to eat a certain quantity of food. If he eats less than that quantity his health will failand he will fall ill. So, everyman has to eat enough food to live.

vy;yh capupdq;fSf;Fk; czT ,d;wpaikahjJ. cztpd;wp kdpjd;

neLehs; tho KbahJ. Xt;nthUtUk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l msT czit cz;z

Ntz;Lk;. Fiwe;j msT czT cly;eyj;ijg;ghjpg;gNjhL> Neha;tha;glTk;

VJthFk;. MfNt xt;nthUtUk; caph;thoj; Njitahd msT czT cz;z

Ntz;Lk;.

5. Gandhiji loved and respected truth more than anything else. He fought his wholelife to uphold the value of truth. From his experiment with truth, he came to know that therecould not be a God other than truth. He taught us that our thought, word and deed shouldon truth. He preached what he practised.

fhe;jpabfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl Nkyhf tha;ikia Nerpj;jhh;> kjpj;jhh;.

tha ;ika pd ; kj pg ;ig e piyehl ;l jd ; tho ;ehs ; KOJk ; Nghuhbdhh ; .

tha;ikAld;jhd; epfo;j;jpa Ma;Tfspy; ,Ue;J> tha;ikiaj;jtpu NtW nja;tk;


Page 23 of 38



,y;iynad;W fz;lhh;. ekJ vz;zk;> nrhy;> nray; ,k;%d;Wk; xd;whfNt

,Uf;f NtzLk; vd;W fw;gpj;jhh;. jhk; nrhy;tijNa nraypYk; fhl;bdhh;.

6. Library is a place for reading books. There will be a librarian in each library. Hetakes care of all the books in English and Tamil. It also has books on Science, Economicsand commerce. There are newspapers and magazines in tamil and English. We Canread them there silently . It is a place for silent reading. Books can be borrowed for twoweeks from the library. It is useful for everyone.

E}yfk; Gj;jfq;fs; gbg;gjw;fhd ,lkhFk;. xt;nthU E}yfj;jpYk; xU

E}yfh; ,Ug;ghh;. mth;> E}yfj;jpYs;s midj;J Gj;jfq;fisAk; ftdkhfg;

ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;thh;. Mq;fpyk; kw;Wk; jkpo; fijg;Gj;jfq;fs; mq;F ,Uf;Fk;.

mwptpay;> nghUspay;> tzpftpay; Gj;jfq;fSk;$l mq;F ,Uf;Fk;. Mq;fpyk;

kw;Wk; jkpopy; Gjpa ,jo;fs; mq;F ,Uf;Fk;. mJ mikjpahfg; gbg;gjw;nfd;Nw

cs;s ,lkhFk;. E}yfj;jpypUe;J Gj;jfq;fis ,uz;L thuq;fSf;F ,utyhfg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;. E}yfk; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; gad;glf;$ba xd;whFk;.

,izahd jkpo;g;gonkhopfis vOJf - tpdh vz;: 35(M)

1. Health is Wealth.Nehaw;w tho;Nt Fiwtw;w nry;tk;

2. Too much of anything is good for nothingmsTf;F kpQ;rpdhy; mkph;jKk; eQ;rhFk;

3. No pain No gainCiog;gpd;wp Cjpakpy;iy

4. Haste makes Wastegjwpa fhhpak; rpjWk;

5. Knowledge is PowermwpNt Mw;wy;

6. Covet all lose allNguhir Nghpog;G

7. Diamonds cut diamondsKs;is Ks;shy; vL

8. East or West, Home is the best.vyp tisahdhYk; jdp tis Ntz;Lk;.

8. Empty vessals make the greatest sound.FiwFlk; jSk;Gk;.

9 .Money makes many things.gzk; gj;Jk; nra;Ak;.

10. Old is gold.goikNa gRk;nghd;.

11. Prevention is better than cure.tUKd; fhg;gJ Nky;.

12. Little strokes fell great oaksmbNky; mb mbj;jhy; mk;kpAk; efUk;.

13. Tit for tatgopf;Fg;gop


Page 24 of 38



14. Work is workshipnra;Ak; njhopNy nja;tk;.

15. Time is goldfhyk; nghd; Nghd;wJ.

16. Failure is the stepping stone to successNjhy;tpNa ntw;wpf;F mbj;jsk;.

17. Man proposes god disposesehk; xd;W epidf;fj; nja;tk; xd;W epidf;Fk;.

18. Srtike the rod while it is hot.fhw;Ws;sNghNj J}w;wpf;nfhs;.

19. The face is the Index of the mindmfj;jpd; moF Kfj;jpy; njhpAk;.

20. All that glitter is not goldkpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y.

21. Art is long : but life is short.fy;tp fiuapy: fw;gth; ehs;rpy.

22. Barking dog seldom biteFiuf;fpd;w eha; fbf;fhJ.

23. There is no smoke without fireneUg;gpd;wp GifahJ.

24. Time and tide waits for noneIah; tUk;tiu mkhthir fhj;jpUf;fhJ

25. A friend in need is a friend indeedMgj;jpy; cjTgtNd cz;ikahd ez;gdd;.

26. Self help is the best helpjd; ifNa jdf;Fjtp.

27 .Efforts never failKaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk;.

28. Live and let livethO> tho tpL

29. Manners make the man ed;dlj;ijNa kdpjid cUthf;Fk;.

30. All is well that ends welley;y njhlf;fNk ey;y KbT.

31. Look before you leapMok; njhpahky; fhiy tplhNj.

32. Do well what you have to donra;td jpUe;jr; nra;.

33. Small rudders guide great shipsrpW JUk;Gk; gy;Fj;j cjTk;.

34. You must walk before runvijAk; gbg;gbaha;r; nra;.

35. Experience is the best teachermDgtNk mUikahd Mrhd;


Page 25 of 38



fijia epiwT nra;jy; my;yJ ftpij - tpdh vz;: 36

(gs;sp> kio> Foe;ij> fly;> el;G> Kaw;rp> md;id> ,aw;if)

gs;sp el;Gnrbaha; ,Ue;j vd;id Mapuk; Nfhb

nrOikahd kukhf;fpats;! el;rj;jpuq;fs;

Gy;yha; fple;jtid tpz;zpy; ,Ue;jhYk;

Gfo; kuj;jpy; Vw;wpats;! ,uTf;f moF

kjpia Cl;b epyTjhd;

khkdpjdha; khw;wpats;! Mapuk; cwTfs;

gz;igj; je;J kz;zpy; ,Ue;jhYk;

ghrKld; tsu;j;jts;! vdf;F moF

gs;sp vDk; vd; md;Gj;jha;! ey;y el;Gjhd;!

Kaw;rp md;idmwpntd;Dk; tpijf;F cuk;! Rikaha; te;j vd;id

Mw;wiy tsu;f;Fk; Mrhd;! Rfkha; Vw;wha; jhNa!

,kaj;jpd; cauj;ij msf;Fk; fapW! cd;id cUf;fp vd;id

cd;id ,e;j cyfpw;F fhl;Lk; tbj;j rpw;gp ePNa

xsp tpsf;F! vdf;F Mapuk; Kj;jkpl;L

Kaw;rp vd;Dk; Rlu; tpsf;F! muq;Nfw;wk; nra;jhNa!

vd;gij vd;Wk; czu;tha;! vdf;fhf kl;LNk thOk;

%r;rp tpl kwe;jhYk; vd; md;Gj; jhNa!

Kaw;rp nra;a kwf;fhNj! ,dp vj;jid gpwtp vLj;jhYk;

vd; md;id ePNa.....

kio Foe;ijFoe;ijfs; Mapuk; ftpijfis

nfhQ;rp tpisahl! capUf;Fs; tpijj;jJ

cotu;fs; cd; Ie;J tpuypd; mirT!

cs;sk; Rfk;ghl! vd; ,ja thdpy;;

kz;Zf;F Nfhb el;rj;jpuq;fis

gr;irg; Glit fl;ba nfhl;b kpd;d itj;jJ

kioNa! - ehq;fs; cd; ,Utpop mirT!

,we;J NghFk;Kd; thd; kioapy; G+kp G+j;jJ!

tpiue;J th! cd; md;G kioapy;vd; ,jak; G+j;jJ!

17. gh eak; ghuhl;ly; - tpdh vz; : 37

kdp;jnuyhk; md;Gnewp fhz;gjw;Fk;

kNdhghtk; thidg;Nghy; tphpt ile;J

jdpkdpj jj;Jtkhk; ,Uisg;Nghf;fpr;

rfkf;fs; xd;nwd;g Jzh;t jw;Fk;

,dpjpdpjha; vOe;jcah; vz;z nky;yhk;

,yFtJ Gyth;jU Rtbr; rhiy

GdpjKw;W kf;fs; GJtho;T Ntz;by;

Gj;jf rhiyNtz;Lk; ehl;by; ahz;Lk;


Page 26 of 38



jpuz;;l fUj;J:

kf;fspilNa md;Gnewp tsh;tjw;Fk;> tphpe;j kdg;Nghf;F Vw;gLtw;Fk;> jd;dy

Nehf;F jfh;tjw;Fk;> vy;NyhUk; Xhpdj;jth; vd;W czh;tjw;Fk;> cah; vz;zq;fs;

cUthtjw;Fk;> GdpjKw;W kf;fs; tho;tjw;Fk;> ehl;by; Gj;jfrhiy Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;.

nghUs; eak;:

“kf;fs; Gdpjkhd tho;T tho> md;G tphpe;j kdg;ghd;ik> jd;dykpd;ik> Xhpdk;

vd;W czu> cah; vz;zk; cUthf ehnlq;Fk; Gj;jfrhiy Ntz;Lk;” vd;fpwhh;ghujpjhrdhh;.

nrhy;eak;:

jd;dy kdg;ghd;ikia kf;fs; jfh;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ij tpsf;f “jdpkdpjjj;Jtkhk; ,Uisg;Nghf;fp” vd;w nrhw;fspdhy; eak;gl $Wfpwhh; ghNte;jh;.

Nkhid:: Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ Nkhid.

rhd;W : kdpjnuyhk; ….. kNdhghtk;

,dpjpdpjha; ….. ,yFtJ

GdpjKw;W ….. Gj;jfrhiy

vJif:: ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ vJif

rhd;W : kdpjnuyhk;_jdpkdpj_,dpjpdpjha;_GdpjKw;W

,iaG:: ,Wjp vOj;Njh>mirNah> rPNuh xd;Wgl;L tUtJ ,iaG

rhd;W : Ntz;by; …… ehl;by;

re;jeak;:

,g;ghlypy; “vz;rPh;f; fopnebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jg;gh” gapd;W te;Js;sjhy;‘mftNyhir’ epuk;g eaj;Jld; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

mzp:

gue;J tphpe;j thdj;ijg; Nghy kf;fspd; kdk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ftpQh;

$wpAs;sjhy; ,g;ghlypy;”ctik mzp” gapd;W te;Js;sJ.jiyg;G: Gj;jf rhiy

gbtk; epug;Gjy; - tpdh vz;: 38

tq;fpapy; gzk; vLj;jy;> tq;fpapy; gzk; nrYj;Jjy;> njhlu;tz;b Kd;gjpT

Nghd;w gbtq;fis epug;g gapw;rp nra;aTk;.

tho;f;ifj;jpwd; tpdh vz;: 39

xUtNuhL xUth; el;ghfg;goFk; jpwd;

vopyDk; jkpourDk; neUq;fpa ez;gh;fs;. Mdhy;> vopyuDf;Fj; jkpourd; kl;LNk

ez;gd;. jkpourDf;Nfh tFg;gpy; kl;Lkpd;wpg; gs;spapYk; midtUk; ez;gh;fNs. ghh;f;Fk;

ahthplj;jpYk; md;ghfTk; el;ghfTk; goFthd;. nghpath;fsplk; khpahijAld; ele;J

nfhs;thd;. jd;dhy; Kbe;j cjtpfSk; nra;thd;. vopyDk; ey;y khztd;jhd;. Mdhy;>

jhdhfr; nrd;W gofkhl;lhd;. tpdhTf;F kl;LNk tpil nrhy;thd;. jkpourdplk; vy;NyhUk;

neUq;fpg; goFtJ> vopyDf;F Ntjid je;jJ.


Page 27 of 38



1. ,th;fspy; ahiug;Nghy; ,Ug;gJ ey;yJ?

2. jd;dplk; midtUk; neUq;fpg;goFtjw;F vopyd; vd;d nra;a

Ntz;Lnkd;W eP epidf;fpwha;?

3. cq;fSf;F ez;gh;fs; cz;lh? vj;jidg;Ngh;?

tpz;zg;gk; vLJjy; - tpdh vz;: 40

1. ngah; :

2. gpwe;jehs; kw;Wk; taJ :

3. ghypdk; :

4. je;ijapd; ngah; :

5. Kfthp :

6. gj;jhk; tFg;gpy; ngw;w kjpg;ngz;fs; :

7. jha;nkhop :

8. gapd;wnkhopfs; :

9. jl;lr;R :

10. fzpdp:

fbjk; tiujy;;

1. NgUe;J trjp Ntz;bg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fof Nkyhz;ik ,af;Feh;f;Ff; $l;L

tpz;zg;gk; vOJf.

2. FbePh; trjp Ntz;b xd;wpa MizaUf;Ff; $l;L tpz;zg;gk; vOJf.

3. ePtph; fz;Lfspj;j ,lk; Fwpj;J cd; ez;gDf;Ff; fbjk;.

4. gj;jhk; tFg;Gg; nghJj; Njh;tpy; Kjy; kjpg;ngz; ngw;w cd; ez;gidg;

ghuhl;b fbjk;.

5. E}yf trjp Ntz;b tpz;zg;gk;

6. tuNtw;G kly;

7. gphpTiu/ghuhl;L kly;8. rhiy/kpd;trjp Ntz;b efuhl;rp MizaUf;Ff; fbjk;

9. khw;Wr; rhd;wpjo; Ntz;b jiyikahrphpaUf;Ff; fbjk;

.nghJf; fl;Liu - tpdh vz;: 41

1. jkpo;nkhopapd; rpwg;Gfs;

2. rpf;fdKk; rpWNrkpg;Gk;

3. rhiytpjpfs;

4. ehd; tpUk;Gk; jiyth; (m) ftpQh;

5. Njrpa xUikg;ghL

6. md;whl tho;tpy; mwptpay;

7. E}yfj;jpd; gad;fs;

8. kioePh; Nrfhpg;G

9. fhyj;ij nty;Yk; fzpdp

10. Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;G


Page 28 of 38



nghJf;fl;Liufs;

jkpo;nkhopapd; rpwg;Gfs;

Kd;Diu

jkpo; %thapuk; Mz;LfSf;FNky; gioik tha;e;j nkhop. ,J gy ,yf;fz,yf;fpa tsq;fisf; nfhz;L nrk;nkhopahf jpfo;fpwJ. fhyj;jpw;F Vw;g jd;idkhw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; jd;ikf; nfhz;lJ. ,jd; rpwg;G gw;wp ,q;F fhz;Nghk;.

jkpopd; rpwg;G

‘ahkwpe;j nkhopfspNy jkpo; nkhopg; Nghy;,dpjhtJ vq;Fk; fhzNdhk;”

vd;Dk; ghujpapd; thpfs;; jkpod; ,dpikapid czu;j;Jk;. jkpo; gy rpwg;Gfisg;ngw;W tsu;tNj ,jw;Ff; fhuzk;.

jha;ikr; rpwg;G

jkpo;nkhop jpuhtpl nkhopfSf;F jhahf jpfo;fpwJ. Mapuj;njz;Z}WnkhopfSf;F Ntu;r;nrhw;fisAk;> E}w;nwz;gJ nkhopfSf;F cwTg; ngau;fisAk;je;Js;sJ. vdNt jkpo; cyf nkhopfSf;nfy;yhk; jha;nkhopahfj; jpfo;fpwJ.

gpwnkhopj; jhf;fkpd;ik

Mq;fpy nkhopapYk;> tlnkhopapYk; gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fs; fye;Js;sijg; Nghy;jkpo; nkhopapYk; gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fs; fye;Js;sd. gpwnkhop nrhw;fis ePf;fpdhy;gy nkhopfs; ,aq;fh. Mdhy;> jkpo;nkhop xd;Nw gpwnkhopnrhw;fis ePf;fpdhYk;,aq;fty;yJ.

,yf;fpa tsk;

cyf ,yf;fpaq;fSs; Kjd;ik ngw;Ws;sit rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;. ,tw;wpd;nkhj;j mbfs; 26>350. mf;fhyj;Nj ,t;tstpw;F tpupthf cUthf;fg;gl;l,yf;fpaq;fs;> cyfpy; NtW ve;j nkhopapYk; , y;iy vd;gJ nrf; ehl;L nkhopapay;mwpQu; fgpy;Rtygpy; KbG. kf;fspd; tho;tpay; newpfis ntspg;gLj;;Jtjhy; ,itkf;fs; ,yf;fpaq;fs; vdg;gl;ld.

,yf;fz tsk;

jkpopy; ekf;F fpilj;j kpfTk; gioikahd ,yf;fzk; njhy;fhg;gpak;. ,jpy;vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs; Mfpa %d;wDf;Fk; ,yf;fzk; $wg;gl ;Ls;sJ.njhy;fhg;gpaupd; Mrpupau; mfj;jpau; vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs;> ahg;G> mzp Mfpa Ie;J,yf;fzq;fisAk; vOjpAs;shu;.

nkhopf; Nfhl;ghL

njhy;fhg;gpau; $Wk; vOj;Jg; gpwg;G Kiwfs; nkhop E}yhiuNa tpag;gpy;Mo;j;Jtd. ,d;iwa nkhopapay; ty;Yeu;fSk; Ngzpg; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f topKiwfisj;njhy;fhg;gpak; $WfpwJ vdghu; Kidtu; vkpNdh

nrk;nkhop

jkpo; fhyg; GJikiag; ngwj;jf;fJ. fzpdpg; gad;ghl;bw;Fk; Vw;wJ. ,jd;rpwg;ig mwpe;J eLtzuR 2004Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgupy; jkpio nrk;nkhopahfmwptpj;jJ.


Page 29 of 38



KbTiu

,j;jF rpwg;G kpf;f ek; jha;nkhopahk; jkpo;nkhopia cyfwpar; nra;Nthk;.xt;nthUtUk; jkpod; vd;W nrhy;tjpy; ngUik nfhs;Nthk;. jkpo; Ngrp kfpo;e;J,d;gk; fhz;Nghk;.

rpf;fdKk; rpWNrkpg;Gk;

Kd;Diu:

„rpf;fdNk rPuhd tho;T… vd;gJ gonkhop. „nghUspy;yhh;f;F ,t;Tyfk;,y;iy…… vd;whh; ts;Sth;. mg;nghUspd; rpwg;ig czh;e;J Nrkpg;gJ mtrpak;.rpf;fdk; ,Ue;jhy;jhd; Nrkpf;f KbAk;.

rpf;fdk;:

‘rpf ;fdk; Njit ,f ;fdkk;” Njitf;Fk; nryT nra;ahky; ,Ug;gJfUkpj;jdk;. Njitf;F Nky; nryT nra;tJ Mlk;guk;. Njitf;F kl;LNk nryTnra;tJ rpf;fdk;. ,e;j NtWghLfis czu;e;J Nrkpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

tuTf;Fs; nryTT:

„tpuYf;F jFe;j tPf;fkk;… vd;gJ gonkhop. vdNt> FLk;g tUkhdj;jpw;F Vw;gnryT nra;J thoNtz;Lk;. tuTf;F Nky; nryT nra;tJ ek;ik tWikapy;js;sptpLk;. tuTf;F jFe;j jpl;lkpl;l nryT tho;it tskhdjhf;Fk;.

Nrkpg;gpd; mtrpak;:

xt;nthU kdpjDk; Nrkpg;gpd; mtrpaj;ij czuNtz;Lk;. vWk;G> NjdPf;fss;$l jdJ vjpu;fhy Njitia czu;e;J Nrkpf;fpd;wd. ,Uf;Fk; NghJ fpilj;jg;gzj;ij nryT nra;Jtpl;L> ,y;yhj NghJ mOJnfhz;bUg;gjpy; gad; ,y;iy.ekJ tUthapy; xU rpW njhifiaahtJ Nrkpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; ekJ vjph;fhyk;tsk;ngWk;.

Nrkpg;gpy; ftdk;:

Nguhir ngUel;lk; vd;ghu;fs;. vdNt mjpf tl;bf;F Mirg;gl;L ghJfhg;gw;wepWtdq;fspy; gzj;ij Nrkpf;ff; $lhJ. ekJ Nrkpg;igg; ghJfhg;ghf rpW Nrkpg;Gepiyaq;fs;> muRilik tq;fpfs;> mQ;ryfq;fspy; Nrkpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

KbTiu:

ekJ vjph;fhy> xspkakhd tho;tpw;F Nrkpg;G mtrpak;. rpW JspngUnts;sk;; vd;gJ Nghy; rpWf rpWfr; Nrkpj;J tsk; ngUf tho;Nthk;.

‘rpf;fdk; tPl;ilf; fhf;Fk; Nrkpg;G ehl;ilf; fhf;Fk;”

Rw;Wr;R+oy; ghJfhg;GKd;Diu:

ek;ikr; Rw;wpapUf;Fk; ,aw;ifr; #o;epiyia khRglhky; ghJfhg;gNj Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;ghFk;. ek;ikf; fhf;Fk; G+kpia ehKk; fhf;fNtz;Lk;. mjd; mtrpak;gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.

epyj;J}a;ik:

kz;izf; fhj;jhy; kl;LNk kdpj ,dk; kdkfpo;NthL tho ,aYk;. ,urhadcuk;> G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp> nefpop gad;ghl;lhy; epyk; khrilfpwJ. ,aw;if cuk; gad;gLj;jp>czTg; nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tJ ekf;Fk;> epyj;jpw;Fk; gadspf;Fk;.


Page 30 of 38



e Ph ;j;J}a;ik:

‘ePupd;wp mikahJ cyF” vd;whu; ts;Stu;. mj;jifa ePiu J}a;ikahfitg;gjd; %yk; kdpj ,dk; MNuhf;fpakhf tho KbAk;. Neha;fs; ngUf khRgl;lePNu fhuzk;> fopT ePH;> ,urhadf; fopTePH; ePH;epiyfspy; fyg;gjhy; ePH; khrilfpwJ.fopT ePiu kWRow;rp nra;aNtz;Lk;. fz;l ,lq;fspy; kyk; fopg;gij jtpu;f;fNtz;Lk;.

fhw;Wj;J}a;ik

capu;tsp vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk; Mf;rp[dpd; msT Fiwe;J tUfpwJ. kuq;fspd;vz;zpf;if Fiwe;J tUtNj ,jw;F fhuzk;. njhopw;rhiy Gif> thfdg;GifNghd;wtw;why; tsp kz;lyk; khrilfpwJ. ,jidj; jLf;f mjpf msT kuq;fistsh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. Gifapid ntspg;gLj;Jk; njhopw;rhiy kw;Wk; thfdq;fisf;fl;Lg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

KbTiu:

Fg;igfisf; fz;l ,lq;fspy; nfhl;lf;$lhJ. kWRow;rp nra;a Kbahjnefpopg; nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jf;$lhJ. ehk; thOk; ,e;j G+kpia khRgLj;jhky;ghJfhg;gJ ekJ flikahFk;. ,jdhy; ,e;j G+kp ek;ikAk; ek; jiyKiwiaAk; ePz;lehl;fs; ,d;gkha; tho itf;Fk;.

‘Rw;Wr; #oy; fhg;Nghk;‚ Nehapd;wp tho;Nthk;‚”

fhyj;ij nty;Yk; fzpdp

Kd;Diu:

,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,izaw;w fz;Lgpbg;G fzpdp. nehbapy; kpy;ypad;fzf;Ffisr; nra;Ak;. ,d;W fzpdp ,d;wp ve;j JiwAk; ,aq;f KbahJ vd;w epiyVw;gl;Ls;sJ.

Njhw;wk;:

fp.gp.1883-y; rhh;y]; ghNg[; fl;lisfis tbtikj;jhh;. ,JNt fzpdpcUthf fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ. vdNt ,th; fzpdpapd; je;ij vd miof;fg;gLfpwhh;.gy epiyfisf; fle;J ,d;W fzpdp kpfg;;nghpa tsu;r;rpapidf; fz;Ls;sJ.

tiffs;:

gy;Y}lff; fzpdp> kbf;fzpdp> ifalf;ff; fzpdp vd fzpdp ,d;W gyepiyfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ. nry;NgrpAk; ,d;W xU fzpdpahf nray;gl;LtUtij mwpfpd;Nwhk;.

,izak;:

,izaj;jhy; ,d;W cyfNk rpW fpuhkkhf khwptpl;lJ. cyfpd; midj;Jf;fzpdpfisAk; ,izg;gJ ,izak; vd;fpNwhk;. ,it FWk;gug;G> mfd;wgug;G>itaf tphpT tiy vd gy tif ,izaq;fs; cs;sd. ,iza Nritf;F chpathplk;jdp fzf;F njhlq;fp fzpdpia ,izajsj;Jld; ,izf;fyhk;.

fzpdp topf; fy;tp:

gs;spfspYk;> fy;Y}upfspYk; ,d;W fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;jp ghlq;fs;elj;jg;gLfpd;wd. midj;J Jiw mwpitAk; ngw ,izak; ekf;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ.


Page 31 of 38



gad;gLk; ,lq;fs;:

tq;fpfs;> cztfq;fs;> tzpftshfk;> fy;tp> NgUe;J> Giftz;b epiyaq;fs;>gs;spfs; fy;Y}upfs;> njhopw;$lq;fs; vd midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; fzpdp gad;ghLjtpu;f;fKbahjjhf cs;sJ.

KbTiu:

kdpjdpd; fz;Lgpbg;gpy; mwpanjhU gilg;ghd fzpdp jkpo; nkhopapYk;gad;gLj;j mwpNthk;. cyfk; Nghw;w tho;Nthk;.

‘fzpdp fw;Wtho;thNu tho;thu; kw;nwy;yhk;

njhOJ mtu;gpd;nry; gtu;”

kioePh; Nrfupg;G

Kd;Diu

‘ePhpd;wp mikahJ cyF” vd;whu; ts;Stu;. mj;jifa ePiu kio nga;Ak;fhyq;fspy;> epyj;Jf;F mbapy; Nrkpg;igijNa kioePH;Nrfhpg;G vd;fpNwhk;. mijg;gw;wp,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.

gw;whf;Fiw Vd;?

fhLfs; mopf;fg;gLtjhy; kio nga;a Ntz;ba fhyj;jpy; nga;tjpy;iy. kf;fs;njhif ngUf;fj;jpw;F vw;g ePH;epiyfs; ngUftpy;iy. fpilj;j ePiuAk; rhpahdKiwapy; ghJfhg;gjpy;iy. ,jdhy; Nfhilapy; fLk; twl;rp epyTfpwJ.

kioePh ; Nrfhpg;G

epyj;jb ePH; tsk; Fiwe;J tpl;lJ. Nghjpa msT kioAk; nga;tjpy;iy. vdNtkio nga;Ak; fhyj;jpy; kio ePiu Nrkpg;gJ mtrpak;. njhl;bfs; mikj;jy; ePH;epiyfis Mog;gLj;Jjy;> Gjpa mizfisf; fl;Ljy; %yk; kio ePiu Nrkpf;fyhk;.

kioePh; Nrfhpf;Fk; Kiwfs;

kio ePiu ePNuhil %yk; jpUg;gp> MWfs; kw;Wk; Vupfspy; Nrkpf;fyhk;.Mo;Foha;f; fpzWfs; Njhz;b mjd; %yk; Nrkpj;jy;. nkhl;il khbapy; nga;Ak;kio ePiu Foha; %yk; nfhz;L te;J njhl;bapy; Nrkpf;f Nrkpf;fyhk;.

gad;fs;

epyj;jb ePh;kl;lk; caUk;> fly; ePH; epyg;gFjpapy; cl;Gfhky; jLf;Fk;. tptrhak;rpwg;ghf eilngWk;. czT cw;gj;jp ngUFk;. vjph;fhy re;jjpapdhpd; jz;zPH; NjitG+h;j;jpahFk;.

KbTiu

ePu;tsj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjhy; ek; tho;T tsk; ngWk;. kuq;fis tsh;g;gjhy; kiotsk; ngUFk;. ,jdhy; jz;zPH; gw;whf;Fiw ePq;Fk;.

kioePiu Nrfhpg;Nghk; ‚ tUq;fhyj; jiyKiwiaf; fhg;Nghk;. ‚


Page 32 of 38



E}yfk;

Kd;Diu

~~Mwpy;yh CUf;F moF gho;||; vd;gJ gonkhop. ~~E}yfkpy;yh CUf;F mwpT gho;||

vd;gJ GJnkhop. mz;zy; mk;Ngj;fu;> mwpQu; mz;zh Nghd;w Nkijfis cyfpw;F

je;jJ E}yfNk vdyhk;.

E}yfj;jpd; Njhw;wk;

kf;fs; jk; vz;zq;fshy; ,yf;fpaq;fSk;> ,yf;fzq;fSk; Njhd;w Muk;gpj;jd.

mt;thW Njhd;wpa E}y;fs; midtUf;Fk; gad;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf nghJ E}yfq;fs;

jpwf;fg;gl;ld.

E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fs;

Gj;jfr;rhiy> Vlfk;> Rtbafk;> Rtbr;rhiy> thrfrhiy> gbg;gfk;> E}y;epiyak;>

gz;lhuk; vd;gd E}yfj;jpd; NtW ngau;fshFk;.

nghJ E}yfj;Jiw

nghJ kf;fs; midtUk; gad; ngUk; tifapy; Cu;NjhWk; E}yfq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;ld.

1948Mk; Mz;L jkpof muR nrd;idg; nghJ E}yfjr; rl;lj;ij ,aw;wp> E}yfj;jpd;

rPwhd ,af;fj;jpw;F tpj;jpl;lJ.

gs;sp E}yfk;

ehisa Nkijfs; ,d;iwa gs;spf; Foe;ijfs;. vdNt gs;sp khztu;fs; gad;ngWk;

tifapy; gs;spapNyNa ~~Gj;jfg; G+q;nfhj;J|| vd;Dk; tFg;giw E}yfk; nray;gl;L

tUfpwJ.

E}yfKk; gaDk;

,yf;fpak;> ,yf;fzk;> jpwdha;T> mwptpay;> kUj;Jtk;> fzpjk;> fzpdp> tuyhW>

nghJ mwpT vd gy;Jiw E}y;fSld; nra;jpj;jhs;fSk; E}yfj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. mtw;iw

tPl;bw;F vLj;J nrd;W gbf;Fk; trjpAk; cs;sJ. khztu;fs; gy;Jiw mwpitAk;

ngw;W tsu ,e;E}yfk; gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

KbTiu

~~mwpNt Mw;wy;|| me;j mwpTf;F E}yfNk Myak;. ,ij czu;e;jtu; tho;tpy;

vd;Wk; xspkak;.

capUs;stiu gbg;gNu cyfk; cs;stiu tho;fpwhu;

ehd; tpUk;Gk; ftpQu; (m) jiytu;

Kd;Diu

jha;ehl;bd; tpLjiyf;fhfTk;> jha; ehl;L kf;fspd; Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;fTk; Nghuhba

jiyth;fSk; ftpQu;fSk; gyu;. mjpy; kfhftpahfTk; khngUk; jiytuhfTk; tpsq;fpa

ghujpahNu ehd; tpUk;Gk; jiytu;

gpwg;Gk; ,sikAk;

J}j;Jf;Fb khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s vl;ilaGuj;jpy; rpd;drhkp ,yf;Fkp ,izaUf;F

kfdhf 11.12.1882 Mk; Mz;L ghujp gpwe;jhu;. ,sikapNyNa ige;jkpo; ghtyuha;j;

jpfo;e;J ghujp vd;Dk; gl;lk; ngw;whu;.


Page 33 of 38



tpUk;gf; fhuzk;

~ghjfk; nra;gtiuf; fz;lhy; Nkhjp kpjpj;JtpL ghg;gh| vd;whu;. nfhLikfisf;

fz;L nfhjpj;njOe;jhu;. Vio kf;fSf;fhf ,uq;fpdhu;. tpbaiy Nehf;fpg; gazpj;jhu;.

,j;jifa Fzq;fNs ehd; ghujpia tpUk;gf; fhuzkhapw;W.

tpLjiy Ntl;if

J}q;fpf; fple;j kf;fis jl;b vOg;gpdhu;. rhjpkj ghFghbd;wp midtUf;Fk; tpLjiy

czu;itj; J}z;bdhu;.

~~Mapuk; cz;bq;F rhjp vdpy;

me;epau; te;J Gfnyd;d ePjp|| vd tPu Kof;fkpl;lhu;.

ePL Japy; ePf;fg; ghb te;j epyh

,e;ehl;L kf;fspd; mwpahikia ePf;fg; ghb te;j epyh ghujp. rhjpf; nfhLikfis

fisa Ntz;;Lk; vd;whu;. ~khju; jk;ik ,opT nra;Ak; klikia nfhSj;JNthk;| vd;W

ngz;Zhpikf;fhf ghbdhu;.

jkpo;j;njhz;L

~~thopa nre;jkpo; tho;f ew;wkpou;|| vd jkpioAk; jkpo; kf;fisAk; Nghw;wpdhu;.

~~nre;jkpo; ehnlDk; NghjpdpNy ,d;gj; Njd; te;J ghAJ fhjpdpNy|| vdg; ghb jkpopd;

,dpikia cyfpw;F vLj;jpak;gpdhu;.

rKjhaj; njhz;L

~~jdpnahUtDf;F cztpy;iy nadpy;

rfj;jpid mopj;jpLNthk;||

vd;W rKjhaj;jpw;fhff; Fuy;nfhLj;jhu;.

KbTiu

~ghuj ehL ghu;f;nfy;yhk; jpyfk;| vd;W ghba ghujpapd; fdTfis edthf;FNthk;@

tWikaw;w ghujj;ij cUthf;FNthk;.

Njrpa xUikg;ghL

Kd;Diu

ehl;L kf;fs; midtUk; jq;fSf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; NtWghLfis kwe;J xd;Wgl;L

tho;tNj Njrpa xUikg;ghlhFk;. ehl;L kf;fs; midtUk; xd;wpize;J ehl;bd;

tsu;r;rpf;fhf ghLgl Ntz;Lk;. ek; ghuj ehL Njrpa xUikg;ghl;by; rpwe;J tpsq;Fk;

ehL.

tpLjiy ,e;jpah

ek; ehL Mq;fpNyadpd; Ml;rpapy; gy Mz;Lfs; mbikg;gl;Lf; fple;jJ.

Mq;fpNyadplkpUe;J jha;ehl;il kPl;nlLf;f Mapuf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; xd;Wgl;ldu;.

kfhj;kh fhe;jp> NeU> Nghd;w jiytu;fs; jiyikapy; ele;j Nghuhl;ljpy; ,e;jpah

1947Mk; Mz;L Mf];l; 15Mk; ehs; tpLiyg; ngw;wJ.

Ntw;Wikapy; xw;Wik

tpLjiyg; ngw;w ,e;jpa G+kpapy; gy;NtW rhjp> ,d> kj> nkhop NgRk; kf;fs;

tho;fpd;wdu;. NtWghLfs; Mapuk; ,Ue;jhYk; ehq;fs; ,e;jpau;fs; vd;W ngUikf;

nfhs;fpd;wdu;.


Page 34 of 38



ehl;bd; tsu;r;rp

xU ehl;bd; tsu;r;rpf;F fbd ciog;G kl;Lk; NghjhJ. kf;fspilNa xUikg;ghl;L

czu;Tk; tsu Ntz;Lk;. fy;tpapYk; nghUshjhuj;jpYk; midj;J kf;fSk; tsu;r;rp

ngWk; NghJjhd; xU ehL tsu;r;rp ngw;w ehlhf tpsq;f KbAk;.

xUikg;ghl;bd; mtrpak;

~xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L tho;T| vd;ghu;fs;. ekf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; xw;Wik FiwAk;NghJ

kPz;Lk; ehk; ngw;w chpikfis ,of;f NeupLk;. xUtUf;F xUtu; mbj;Jf;nfhz;L

jq;fisj; jhq;fNs mopj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; ,op epiy Vw;gLk;. vdNt xUikg;ghl;Lzu;T

mtrpakhfpwJ.

Njrpa xUikg;ghl;by; khztu; gq;F

~,d;iwa khztu;fNs ehisa ghujj;jpd; tpbnts;spfs;. mj;jifa khztu;fspilNa

xw;Wik czu;T NkNyhq;fp ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ek; ehl;bd; kPJk; ehl;L kf;fspd; kPJk;

gw;Ws;stu;fshf tsuNtz;Lk;. Mw;wyhYk; mwpthYk; jq;fis Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;.

KbTiu

tWikapy;yh tskhd ghujj;ij cUthf;FNthk;. td;KiwiaAk; jPtputhjj;ijAk;

NtWld; rha;g;Nghk;. mikjpia Nehf;fp gazk; nra;Nthk;. ekJ xw;Wikahy; ,e;j

cyif nty;Nthk;.

cd;dhy; KbAk; NghuhL! cyif ntd;W eilNghL!

md;Gld;

Nt.eQ;rFkhu;> gl;ljhup jkpohrpupau;>

muR kfspu; Nky; epiyg; gs;sp>

fpU\;zfpup - 635 001

Email: [email protected].


Page 35 of 38

3636

10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk;

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

,izg;G:

tq;fpapy; gzk; vLf;Fk; gbtk;


Page 36 of 38

3737

tho;f jkpo; tsu;f jkpopdk;

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

tq;fpapy; gzk; nrYj;Jk; gbtk;


Page 37 of 38

3838

10 Mk; tFg;G cd;dhy; KbAk;

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

20. njhlh;tz;b ,Uf;if Kd;gjpT gbtk; epug;Gjy;

tz;bapd; ngah;/vz; ____________________gazNjjp ______________tFg;G _____________ gLf;if / cl;fhUk; vz;zpf;if _____________Gwg;gLk; ,lk; _____________________ NrUk;,lk; __________________VWk; ,lk; _____________________

t.vz; ngah; ghy;Mz; / ngz; taJ gaz rYif cupik vz;;

Ie;J tajpw;Fl;gl;l Foe;ijfs; tptuk; (gazr;rPl;L toq;fg;gl;l khl;lhJ)

t.vz; ngah ; ghy; taJ

ifnahg;gk;

njhlu;gazk; / jpUk;Gk; gaz tptuq;fs;

tz;b vz; ngau; ................................................................................ gaz Njjp.....................................

tFg;G........................................ Gwg;gLk; ,lk;...........................................NrUk; ,lk;..............................

tpz;zg;gjhuu; ngau;..............................................................................................................................................

tpyhrk;..............................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................................

njhiyNgrp vz;............................................................... ..............................................................

ifnahg;gk;


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