Latitude and LongitudeLatitude and Longitude

How the world is measure and plottedHow the world is measure and plotted

Learning ObjectiveLearning ObjectiveLatitude and Longitude Coordinates (TEKS (B)(21)(c)(e), (22)(a)(b)(c)(d), (23)(c)(d))Latitude and Longitude Coordinates (TEKS (B)(21)(c)(e), (22)(a)(b)(c)(d), (23)(c)(d))

The student is expected to pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns shown on maps

A simplified online version of this presentation can be found here.

LatitudeLatitude• Measurement of distance in degrees north or

south of the equator• Parallels are the imaginary lines of latitude

that run east and west around the globe

EQUATOR 0º

30° N

60° N

90° N

30° S

60° S

90° S

EquatorEquatorGoes around the middle of the earth like a belt

Divides theNorthern and 0° LatitudeSouthernHemispheres

EQUATOR 0º

30° N

60° N

90° N

30° S

60° S

90° S

Measuring with latitudeMeasuring with latitude

Latitude is measured in degrees north and Latitude is measured in degrees north and south from the equator.  At 90° north latitude is south from the equator.  At 90° north latitude is the North Pole and at 90° south latitude is the the North Pole and at 90° south latitude is the South Pole. South Pole.  These lines of latitude are numbered every 10° north and south from the equator.

As the latitude reading Gets larger, the climate tends to get cooler.

Important lines of latitudeImportant lines of latitudeThe red lines represent the approximate boundaries of the low, middle, and high latitudes at 30°, 60°, and 90°

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LongitudeLongitude

• Measurement of distanceMeasurement of distance

in degrees east or west in degrees east or west

of the prime meridianof the prime meridian

• Meridians are imaginary Meridians are imaginary

lines of longitude that lines of longitude that

run from the North Pole run from the North Pole

to the South Poleto the South Pole

Prime MeridianPrime Meridian• Passes through the north and south pole

• Passes through • Greenwich, England

• 0° longitude

• Divides the Western • and Eastern • Hemispheres

Measuring with Measuring with longitudelongitude• The starting point for longitude is the Prime

Meridian.  This line is longitude zero (0°).

• Longitude measures east and west from this line. Longitude is measured in degrees.

• There are 180° of longitude east and 180° of longitude west.

Meridians determine timeMeridians determine time

Each 15Each 15° of longitude determines one hour of ° of longitude determines one hour of time passage, therefore 24 time zones around time passage, therefore 24 time zones around the world.the world.

Fill in the blank with the help of the word bankFill in the blank with the help of the word bank Northern Hemisphere, latitude, equator, Northern Hemisphere, latitude, equator, longitude, longitude, absolute location, prime meridianabsolute location, prime meridian1. 0° longitude is called the __________.1. 0° longitude is called the __________.

2. Measurement of distance east or west of the prime 2. Measurement of distance east or west of the prime meridian is _____________. meridian is _____________.

3. Measurement of distance north or south of the 3. Measurement of distance north or south of the equator is __________.equator is __________.

4. 0° latitude is called the ___________.4. 0° latitude is called the ___________.

5. Area north of the equator is called the __________.5. Area north of the equator is called the __________.

6. The exact spot where something is located on earth 6. The exact spot where something is located on earth is called ____________.is called ____________.

International International DatelineDatelineThe International Date Line runs down the middle of the time zone on the other side of the world from the prime meridian, and so it corresponds to 180 degrees longitude, east and west.

Like the other zones, the time zone of the International Date Line spans fifteen degrees and is one hour different from the adjacent zones.

International DatelineInternational Dateline

• 180° longitude

• Traveling east across the line, takes the traveler back one day; traveling west, takes the traveler forward one day.

Northern Northern HemisphereHemisphere Southern Southern HemisphereHemisphereall area north of the equatorall area north of the equator

all area south of the equatorall area south of the equator

Area west of the Prime Meridian

Measured as Longitude 0-180° W.

Western HemisphereWestern Hemisphere

Eastern HemisphereEastern Hemisphere

Area east of the Prime Meridian

Measured as Longitude 0-180° E.

Absolute LocationAbsolute Location

• The exact spot where something appears on earth.

Plotting absolute Plotting absolute locationlocation

Your street name and Your street name and house number furnish your house number furnish your absolute location.  absolute location.  Latitude and longitude Latitude and longitude provide absolute location provide absolute location for a place on the globe. for a place on the globe. Using the Navstar GPS, Using the Navstar GPS, satellite, your position can satellite, your position can be accurately determined be accurately determined for finding street directions for finding street directions for a map in some cars. for a map in some cars.

Navstar GPSNavstar GPS

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

This system uses a series of 24 satellites called the This system uses a series of 24 satellites called the Navstars to beam information to earth about an Navstars to beam information to earth about an object and its location of the earth’s surface.object and its location of the earth’s surface.

GPS NavigationGPS Navigation

Mercator ProjectionMercator ProjectionThe property of the The property of the Mercator projection Mercator projection map that made it map that made it useful to navigators useful to navigators is that it preserves is that it preserves angles. Lines of angles. Lines of constant compass constant compass heading (called heading (called rhumb lines by rhumb lines by sailors) are straight sailors) are straight lines on this map.lines on this map.

Plotting a coursePlotting a course

To go from To go from Vancouver, Canada Vancouver, Canada to Honolulu, Hawaii to Honolulu, Hawaii with just a compass, with just a compass, just draw a straight just draw a straight line on the map line on the map between starting between starting point and point and destination, then destination, then measure the angle.measure the angle.

Relative LocationRelative Location

• Described by landmarks, time, direction Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance from one place to anotheror distance from one place to another

As an example, the As an example, the worldatlas.com U.S. office worldatlas.com U.S. office is on is on Galveston Island, located in southeastern located in southeastern Texas in the Gulf of Texas in the Gulf of Mexico, about 48 miles Mexico, about 48 miles southeast of Houston. southeast of Houston. That's its relative location.That's its relative location.

Comparing absolute, relative Comparing absolute, relative locationlocation

Which is the most used type of location? Why?"Which is the most used type of location? Why?"

Which is the important factor in the illustrations below ?Which is the important factor in the illustrations below ?

Downtown Charlotte, N.CDowntown Charlotte, N.C..

Note the steep rent gradient implied by Note the steep rent gradient implied by the height of buildings. the height of buildings. 

LinksLinks• http://www.uwm.edu/Course/416-120/Chapter01/fg01_14b.jpg• http://www.samoanet.com/maps/world%20-%20large.jpg• http://www.math.ubc.ca/~israel/m103/mercator/mercator.html• http://www.uncc.edu/hscampbe/landuse/b-models/C-bidrent.htm

l• http://members.shaw.ca/vict/earth_latlong.jpg• http://worldatlas.com/aatlas/imageg.htm