Good Morning!

Bell Ringer Jan. 28

Read the chart on page 128.

Answer Skill builder questions 1 – 2.

Also answer this question…

Which form of government do you think is the best? Why?

Chapter 5, Section 2 “Warring City-States”

I. Rule and Order in Greek City-States A. Polis – political unit in ancient Greece

1. city & surrounding countryside 2. acropolis – fortified hilltop

B. Greek Political Structures 1. monarchy – single person rule 2. aristocracy – rule by small group of

noble, landowning families 3. oligarchy – rule by a few powerful

people C. Tyrants Seize Power

1. tyrant – powerful individual who gained control

by appealing to the poor for support

II. Athens Builds a Limited Democracy A. Building Democracy

1. rule by the people 2. Draco’s legal code

a. all Athenians were equal under the law b. very harsh; death penalty for most crimes c. debt slavery

3. Cleisthenes a. broke up power of nobility b. Council of Five Hundred

1. proposed laws; counseled assembly 2. members chosen at random

4. limited democracy a. citizenship restricted to small # of

Athenians 1. free adult male property owners

born in Athens

5. Athenian Education a. sons of wealthy families; began @ age

7 1. reading, grammar, poetry,

history, math, music, logic, & public

speaking 2. athletic activities 3. military school

b. girls educated at home 1. child-rearing, weaving, cooking,

& managing the household 2. some learned to read & write 3. some became writers

III. Builds a Military State A. Sparta Dominates Messenians

1. Messenians became helots, or peasants forced to stay on

the land they worked 2. Messenians revolted; Spartans put down revolt

(barely)B. Sparta’s Government and Society

1. Government a. assembly – all Spartan citizens; elected

officials & voted on major issues b. Council of Elders – 30 older citizens;

proposed laws c. 5 elected officials carried out laws,

controlled education, & prosecuted court cases

2. Society (3 classes/groups) a. citizens descended from original

inhabitants b. free non-citizens; worked in commerce &

industry c. helots; worked in fields or as house

servants

C. Spartan Daily Life 1. individual expression was discouraged – value

Sparta above all else!2. strict military society

a. boys left home at age 7 b. stayed in army barracks until age 30 c. marching, exercising, fighting with no

shoes d. slept with no blankets on hard benches e. little to eat; stealing food was

encouraged 3. Spartan girls

a. received some military training b. ran, wrestled, & played sports c. ran estates when husbands were on duty

IV. The Persian Wars A. A New Kind of Army Emerges

1. shift from bronze to iron weapons; more affordable

2. phalanx – military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields

B. Battle at Marathon 1. Persian Wars – Greece vs. Persians

a. began in Ionia, where Greeks had settled b. Persians took over; Greeks revolted c. Athens sent ships & soldiers to aid Greeks d. Persian king, Darius the Great, defeated the Greeks & vowed to destroy Athens

2. Marathon a. 25,000 Persian men landed at Marathonb. Persians battled against 10,000 Greeks, and lost

Ionia

C. Pheidippides Brings News 1. Pheidippides – young runner; took news of

victory 26 miles to Athens 2. “Rejoice, we conquer;” then collapsed dead 3. Persians sailed into defended Athens, and

retreated

D. Thermopylae a. Xerxes – Darius’s son; planed to crush Athens b. Greeks were divided; Xerxes’ army met no

resistancec. Xerxes blocked by 7,000 Greeks & 300

Spartans at Thermopylae d. Greeks stopped Persians for 3 days e. Spartans held Persians back while other Greeks retreated f. All Spartans were killed; great impression on

Greeks

E. Salamis 1. Themistocles convinced Athenians to fight at

sea 2. Athenians positioned fleet near island of

Salamis 3. too narrow for Persian ships, but not Greek

ships 4. Delian League

a. alliance of Greek city-states b. drove Persians from territories

F. Consequences of the Persian Wars 1. Athens was leader of Delian League

a. used force against members who challenged

its authority b. Athens became wealthy, entering its

brief golden age

Video – Persian Wars

Daily Essential Questions

1.Compare and contrast Athens and Sparta.

2. How did Athens benefit from victory in the Persian Wars?

After the video, answer the following questions:

• How were Sparta’s and Athens’ decision on how to deal with the food shortage different? Was one better than the other? Explain.

• What was one consequence stated in the video of Sparta’s concentration on militarism?

• How were women treated in the two cities?• Was the price Sparta paid for having one of

the world’s strongest and most disciplined armies too high? Why/not?