grab your folder and you need paper for notes!. historiography: the writing of history based on the...
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Grab your folder and you need paper for
notes!
![Page 2: Grab your folder and you need paper for notes!. Historiography: The writing of history based on the critical examination of sources](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/56649f005503460f94c15bb5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Historiography:
The writing of history based on the critical examination
of sources.
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What is history?
Tale, story A chronological
record Records and explains
past events Can be viewed from
many angles: political, economic, social, cultural, etc.
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Sources in History
Primary Sources – an eyewitness to history Diary, journal Laws, court cases Artifacts, art
Secondary Sources – second-hand account Biography Textbooks
Is a newspaper article a primary source?
NO!!
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Bias
Prejudiced outlook Writers demonstrate bias
through Emphasis on events,
repetition Omission of information or
events, points of view
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Point of View
The influence of the author’s background, standing, or purpose
Who is the author and why does he think or emphasize what he does?
“History is written by the winner.”
Is this statement true or false? Is history absolute?
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DatingUsed to use B.C. and A.D.Now, we use BCE and CE
BCE means before common era CE means common era
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Centuries When you hear “17th century,” what years
are we referring to?a. 1800-1899
b. 1700-1799
c. 1600-1699
d. 1500-1599
Texas A&M Century Tree- Gig ‘em!
• Remember, whatever number the century is, the years in the century will actually start with the number before
• Ex. The 18th century includes the year 1728
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Development of Early Civilization
From hunting-gathering to the Neolithic Revolution
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Hunting and Gathering
Use wild animals and plants for food.
Migrate seasonally (nomadic)
Live in family or tribal groups.
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Advantages The land supplies whatever is needed.
Movement is easier when food is scarce.
Life encourages cooperation and language skills.
Special weapons and tools develop for hunting and digging up plants.
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Disadvantages People are always
searching for new food sources.
It is more difficult to store food.
People must carry everything along when traveling.
Only simple social organization was possible.
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Neolithic Revolution
Possible cause could be climate change Rising temperatures = longer
growing seasons More food = population boom
Raise herds of tame animals. Plant seeds and raise crops.
Domestication Live in permanent settlements.
Last Ice Age
Analysis: What is this chart saying?
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Advantages Crops provide a reliable food supply.
Population grows as life becomes more complex.
Societies become more complex.
Trade increases and commerce develops.
Division of labor allows workers to specialize.
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Disadvantages
Crop failures due to weather or pests cause famines.
Floods, fire, or even raiders could destroy villages.
Disease spreads easily when people live together.
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To summarize…
The Neolithic Revolution: Was a fundamental shift in human society from
hunting-gathering for survival to agriculture. Included domestication of plants and animals Led to civilizations!***
I’m farming and I grow it
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Civilization: A complex culture
with five basic characteristics: S- Specialized workers C- Complex institutions A- Advanced cities A- Advanced
technology R- Record keeping
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Specialized Workers—workers who specialize in a specific skill Food surpluses allowed
for specialization Artisans – workers with
a specific, valuable skill Examples: priests,
metalworkers, scribes, soldiers, teachers, weavers, merchants, gov’t officials, farmers
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Complex InstitutionsUsed to maintain order among people.
Government and laws created by them Ancient Babylon had
“Hammurabi’s Code” World’s first uniform
code of law Applied to all who lived in
Babylon Ancient Egypt had a
“Theocracy”—Religious Government Pharaoh—God-King
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Complex Institutions
Religion Ziggurats in
Mesopotamia were used for… Religious
ceremonies Pyramids in Egypt
were used for… Burying Pharaohs
Education systems
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Advanced Cities
A city is a large group of people living together…like, duh!
The 1st cities were… Centers of trade for a
region
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Advanced Technology—new tools and techniques that solve problems OR make life easier.
Examples: Wheel Pottery Plow Sailboat Metal weapons and tools
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Record Keeping—a written language
Scribes—professional record keepers (the only dudes who
could read and write)
Where did Record Keeping begin? Mesopotamia
Cuneiform— “wedge-shaped”
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Record Keeping…Continued
Later on… In Egypt
Hieroglyphics Used pictures for
objects and ideas What allows us to
translate Egyptian hieroglyphics into modern languages? The Rosetta Stone
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Civilization: A complex culture
with five basic characteristics: S- Specialized workers C- Complex institutions A- Advanced cities A- Advanced
technology R- Record keeping