GreekLanguage

Lab

Answer Key

© Cecelia Luschnig, 2007

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Greek Language LabBasic Skills(Answers)

Introduction. A. Exercise

Greek characters." $ ( * g . 0 2 4 6 8 : < > @ B D F J L N P R T

B. Exercise 2.B $ N J * 2 6 ( P " 4 g 0 @ T L . > R 8 D : < F

2. For additional practice.B J 6 $ * ( N P 2 g @ L 4 " T 0 8 : < D F R > .

3. Try both exercises again. This time write the capital letters.a. A # M I ) 1 5 ' O ! 3 + / ? S K - = M 7 C 9 ; E b. A I 5 # ) ' M O 1 + ? K 3 ! S / 7 9 ; C E Q = -

C. Exercise 3. 1. Write the syllables from the tape.$− (− JV J` Jg (g :Z :g J\ ì (DØ Fb :V 2":V J\H

D. Exercise 4. 3. 6"\ gÆ @ß6 J@Ø J"ÃH "Þ J@bH J@ÃH gÞ B"ÃH B@bH "ÛJ@Ø -gØ $@bH NgØ:@Ø @ÞH gÆH

E. Exercise 5. Write the words from the tape to practice vowels and diphthongs.*X *gà *Z Fb F@Ø F@\ Jg *äD" *fDT< *fD@4H J` J@Ø Jä J"ÃH JVH JVJ` J\H J@ÃH J"ÃH B@B@\ B@Ø B@à B− Bä

F. Exercise 6. Breathing marks. 2. Write the words on the tape for exercise 6.@Û @â ¦< ª< §PT ª>T @Í@H @É<@H ô< ê<

G. Exercise 7. 2. Write the words on the tape: –(P4 –((@H ¦(>XT ¦(6DbBJT

H. Exercise 8.a. Aesop b. Aristotle c. Aeschylus d. Socratese. Medea f. Euripides g. Iphigenia h. Heraclesi. Thucydides j. Clytemnestra

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J. Exercise 10. Accent Marks.1. Fill in the accents of these words. (Follow the rules on pp. 6-9.)

a. –<2DTB@H h. *äD"b. •<2DfBT< i. B8@ØJ@Hc. §D(@L j. B8@bJ@Ld. –<2DTB@4 k. JÎ< •("2Î< –<2DTB@<e. B`<@H l. JÎ –D4FJ@< *äD@<f. B"4*gbT m. J@Ø •D\FJ@L *fD@Lg. 8bgF2"4 n. BDVJJg4<

K. Exercise 11. Review. 1. Check the word (A or B) in each pair that corresponds to the word spoken on thetape.

a. (A) g. (B)b. (B) h. (A)c. (B) i. (B)d. (A) j. (A)e. (B) k. (A)f. (A) l. (B)

L. Exercise 12.3. Vocabulary quiz. Write English meanings.

a. ten g. voiceb. accents h. consonantsc. seven i. fived. letters j. eighte. nine k. fourf. twenty l. vowels

O. Exercise 15. (Written exercises)1. N, P, 2, L, 2 e's, 2 o's2. q, w, f, j, v3. [{] developed from H.4. Labials: B, $, N, (R) Dentals: J, *, 2

Palatals: 6, (, P, (>)5. a. R b. >6. a. N b. P c. 27. 0, T, long " 8. To show varying tones.9. Ultima (last), penult (next to last), antepenult (next to the next to last).10. acute 11. grave 12. circumflex13. acute, grave 14. The length of the ultima.15. Yes: acute to grave before another word.16. (DV::"J"

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17. NT<Zg<J" because they have voice (NT<Z) 18. English words derived from the Greek words.

a. hippopotamus, hippodrome b. chronic, chronology, anachronism chroniclec. phonetic, phoneme, euphony, cacophony, telephoned. Decalogue, decametere. technical, technologyf. logic, misology, epilogue, philology, dialogueg. biodegradable, bionomics, macrobiotic, microbeh. archdeacon, architect, patriarch, matriarch, archaeology, oligarchyi. hyperactive, hyperaesthesiaj. adelphogamy, Philadelphia

P. Exercise 16. Written exercises.1. Parse these sentences. Identify each word by part of speech.

a. Socrates: noundrank: verb, transitivethe: article, adjectivepoison: nounand: conjunctiondied: verb, intransitive

b. When: adverb (relative, temporal)we: pronounsaw: verb, transitivehim: pronoundrinking: participleit: pronounwe: pronouncried: verb, intransitive

c. Medea: nounsent: verb, transitivedeadly: adjectivegifts: nounto: prepositionthe: article, adjectiveprincess: noun

d. The: article, adjectiveprincess: noundied: verb, intransitivehorribly: adverb of mannerin: prepositionher: pronoun (possessive)bedroom: noun

e. Which: adjective (interrogative)road: nounleads: verb used intransitivelyto: prepositionlife: noun

2. Identify the case (if translated into Greek) of each noun or pronoun in the

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foregoing sentences.a. Socrates: nominative (subject); poison: accusative (direct object).b. We: nominative (subject); him: accusative (direct object).c. Medea: nominative (subject); gifts: accusative (direct object of sent). d. Princess: nominative (subject); her: genitive of possession; bedroom:dative with preposition showing place where.e. Road: nominative (subject); life: accusative (place to which withpreposition).

4. Identify the person, number, and voice of each of the verbs in these sentences.a. Saw: 1st sing. active; was saved: 3rd sing. passiveb. Makes: 3rd sing. active; make for themselves: 3rd pl. middlec. Were released: 3rd pl. passive; sent: 2nd (sing. or pl.) middled. Are you doing: 2nd sing. activee. Are being written: 3rd pl. passive

Q. Exercise 17. 2. Give the English meaning of each of the words or phrases spoken.

a. eight f. article, joint b. numbers g. verbc. genders, kinds h. participled. five i. the parts of speeche. three j. neuter, neitherf. noun, name k. masks, persons

R. Exercise 18. 1. Greek is inflectional; English is positional.2. Cases show the relationship of nouns to the other words in the sentence.3. By placement in the sentence or with prepositions.4. Article, participle5. Noun and adjective6. Case, number, gender: Change to show number--how many--and case--what partthey are playing in the sentence.7. a. nominative

b. accusativec. datived. genitive

8. Tense, voice, mood, person and number 9. Time (past, present or future), aspect (whether the action is viewed as going on,completed or a simple act).10. The relationship of the subject to the action11. Preposition, conjunction, adverb12. Fä:": body, table, book, hair, paper; BD(:": education, justice, truth,happiness

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13. 6@4<äH: school, poet, thinker; Æ*\@H: University of Idaho, Euripides, Plato14. Neuter15. Twin, between, pair, couple 16. Give some English derivatives of these Greek words.

a. onomatopoeia, acronym, pseudonym, synonym, homonymb. psychosomatic, chromosomec. pragmatic, pragmatismd. cenobite, koine, epicenee. idiot, idiosyncrasyf. anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropicg. orthodox, orthopedist, orthodontist, orthographyh. crypt, cryptogram, cryptic

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Lesson I, Part One I. Exercise 1.

B. 1. P 3. A 5. A2. M 4. M

C. 1. we 5. I 9. I2. they 6. you (pl.) 10. we3. you (sg) 7. he, she, it4. he, she, it; you (sg.) 8. they

D. 1. You (sg.) stop.2. He stops himself; he is stopped.3. We cease; we are stopped.4. They stop.5. They cease; they are stopped.6. You (pl.) cease; you are stopped.7. He, she, it stops; you (sg.) cease; you are stopped.

II. Exercise 2.B. 1. stop 5. wish, want 9. do, make

2. say, speak, mean 6. plan 10. become, come into being3. remain, wait 7. go, come 11. trust4. lead 8. think 12. have

C. Give Greek word.1. (DVNT 7. 6D\<T2. <@:\.T 8. ¦2X8T3. NXDT/–(T 9. –DPT4. Bg\2T 10. 6"\5. B4FJgbT 11. 6"\...6"\6. 8bT 12. ³...³

D. Translate the Greek words:1. she/he/it wants 6. you want2. they have 7. they are coming into being3. we are waiting 8. we are educating (for ourselves)4. you are sending (for yourselves) 9. you (all) are saying

you are being sent5. they bring 10. I cease/I am being stopped

E. For each English phrase tell what person, number and voice the Greek would be.(Persons: 1, 2, 3); Numbers: S, P; Voices: A, M, P.) Then go back and translate the verb.

Person, Number, Voice Translation 1. 1PM ¦DP`:g2"

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2. 3PA (DVN@LF4(<) 3. 3SM $@L8gbgJ"4 4. 2SP –(g4 5. 3SM/P Bg\2gJ"4 6. 2PM B"bgF2g 7. 3SP 8X(gJ"4 8. 1SA §PT 9. 3PA (or M) –DP@LF4 (–DP@<J"4)10. 1PA 8X(@:g<

III. Exercise 3. Review.A. Before going on, answer these written questions.

1. The vowel used to connect endings to stem: alternates between and .2. In order to know what the words mean.3. From the personal ending of the verb (along with any noun in the nom. case)4. Yes.5. No.6. we; he/she/it; you; they, you; I, I, you7. Which ending, in the present active, says:

a. he, she, it: -g4b. we: -@:g<c. they: -@LF4d. I: -Te. you: -g4H/-gJg

8. Which present middle ending says:

a. you all: -gF2gb. he: -gJ"4c. we: -`:g2"d. they: -@<J"4e. I: -@:"4f. it: -gJ"4

9. Identify the VOICE and translate.a. A –(g4<b. A <@:\.@:g<c. M (DVNgF2"4d. A BX:B@:g<e. P –(@<J"4f. A :X<g4g. M B"bgJ"4h. A B"bg4i. A NXDT/–(Tj. A BDVJJg4H/BDVJJgJg

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k. P BDVJJgJ"4l. M/P Bg\2@<J"4m. P 8X(gJ"4n. M:M $@b8gJ"4 §DPgF2"4o. M §DPg4/§DPgF2g;p. M $@L8gb@<J"4;q. A <@:\.@LF4;r. A J\ BDVJJg4H/BDVJJgJg;s. M J\ $@L8`:g2"t. P (DVNgJ"4

10. Translate these words.a. to bringb. they trustc. I am sending for/I am being sentd. they cease/they are being stoppede. we judgef. to wishg. I lead (for myself)/I am being ledh. you becomei. we are taking notes/we are being writtenj. you plan

Lesson I, Part Two: Nouns.II. Exercise 2.

B. Give the English meanings. (Questions on tape.)1. peace 9. justice2. stranger 10. sun3. wealth 11. work, deed4. toil 12. road5. heaven 13. beside6. law, custom 14. death7. island 15. for8. virtue, goodness, excellence

C. Give the Greek. (Questions on tape.)1. RLPZ2. B`8g:@H3. PD`<@H4. gÆH5. 2V<"J@H

III. Exercise 3.A. Fill in the blanks.

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1. J@ÃH •<2DfB@4H 2. §DPgJ"4 (n. pl. subject + sg. verb) 3. Jä< <ZFT< 4. NXDg4 5. (J@ÃH) <`:@4H 6. Jè 2gè 7. J@×H >X<@LH 8. (JH) <ZF@LH 9. (J±) Ò*è10. Jä< •<2DfBT<

#. Answer the following.1. From the gender of the article that is given with it.2. True or False.

a. F f. Fb. F g. Tc. T h. Fd. F i. Fe. F j. T

3. For each noun in the following sentences, decide what case it would be iftranslated into Greek.

a. nominative, accusative b. nominative, dativec. vocative, dative, accusatived. nominative, dative, accusativee. genitive, nominative, genitivef. genitive, accusativeg. nominative, accusativeh. nominative, accusativei. nominative, dative, accusative, genitive

4. Give the form of the article that agrees with each of the following.a. J−H k. J@Øb. J l. JÎ<c. Ò m. J±d. J−H n. "Êe. "Ê o. Jèf. @Ê p. J¬<g. J@×H q. J@ÃHh. Jè r. Jä<i. JHj. JÎ

Lesson II, Part OneI. Exercise 1. The imperfect tense: meaning and formation.

B. Form imperfect of verbs given on tape.

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1. §Bg:B@<2. §$@L8`:0<3. μDP@<4. ³2g8@<5. §8g4B@<6. §(D"N@<

D. Change the forms of the present to the imperfect of the same person, number and voice.1. μ(@< 6. ¦$@b8@L2. ¦BX:BgJ@ 7. ¦(\(<@<J@3. §Bg42gH 8. ¦B"\*gL@<4. ¦6D4<`:0< 9. μ<5. ¦$@L8gb@:g< 10. μ:g<

E. Identify tense, person and number (A); Identify and Translate (B); Cover and Listen.(A) (B)

1. (\(<g4 pres. 2 sg. you are becoming2. ¦(\(<@L impf. 2 sg. you were becoming3. –DPg4 pres. 3sg. (act.) or 2 sg. (mid) he/she/it is ruling; you are...4. μDPg impf. 3sg. he/she/it was ruling5. –(@:g< pres. 1 pl. we are leading6. ³(@:g< impf. 1 pl. we were leading7. ¦<`:4.@< impf. 1 sg./3 pl. I/they used to think8. ¦8g\B@:g< impf. 1 pl. we were leading9. §DPgF2"4 pres. inf. to be going/coming10. ²DP`:0< impf. 1 sg. I was going/ ruling for myself11. ¦2X8@LF4 pres. 3 pl. they wish12. ³2g8@< impf. 1 sg./3 pl. I was/they were wishing13. §NgDgH impf. 2 sg. you were bringing14. ¦8X(gJ@ impf. 3 sg. (he/she) it was being said15. gÉP@< impf. 1 sg./3 pl. I/they used to have16. μJg impf. 2 pl. you (all) were

II. Exercise 2.(A) (B) (C)

1. BX:BT Act., impf., 1st sg. §Bg:B@<2. BX:BT Pass., impf., 3rd pl. ¦BX:B@<J@3. BX:BT Mid., impf., 2nd pl. ¦BX:BgF2g4. 6D\<T Act., impf., 1st pl. ¦6D\<@:g<5. 6D\<T Pass., pres., 3rd sg. 6D\<gJ"46. B"bT Mid., impf., 3rd pl. ¦B"b@<J@7. B"bT Pass., impf., 2nd sg/pl. ¦B"b@L, ¦B"bgF2g8. NXDT/–(T Act., impf., 3rd pl. §NgD@</μ(@<9. NXDT/–(T Pass., pres., 1st pl. ¦NgD`:g2"/²(`:g2"

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10. $@L8gbT Mid., impf., 2nd pl. ¦$@L8gbgF2g11. §PT Act., impf., 3rd pl. gÉP@<12. 8X(T Act., impf., 3rd sg. §8g(g(<)13. 8X(T Pass., impf., 3rd sg. ¦8X(gJ@14. :X<T Act., impf., 3rd pl. §:g<@<;15. 8g\BT Act., pres., 2nd sg./pl 8g\Bg4H; 8g\BgJg;

IV. Exercise 4. Written exercise (not on tape).A. Review vocabularies of lesson I (p. 33, pp. 43-44) and translate.

1. 8\2@LH §NgD@< 2. Ò B`8g:@H ¦B"bgJ@ 3. 8g\Bg4< ¦$@L8gJ@; 4. @Ê >X<@4 ³DP@<J@ 5. *\60< §Pg4< ¦$@L8`:g2" 6. Ò Ò*`H gÆH J`< B8@ØJ@< μ(g< 7. gÆH JVH <ZF@LH *äD" ¦BX:B@:g< 8. J §D(" ¦BDVJJgJ@4 9. @Ê 8`(@4 ¦< J@ÃH 8\2@4H ¦(D"N@<J@10. º *460 *äD@< gÉ<"4 Jä< 2gä< ¦<@:\.gJ@

B. True or False.1. F 6. T2. F 7. F3. T 8. T4. F 9. T5. F

C. Match the imperfect endings with the present endings showing the same person numberand voice.

A B1-4 1-32-6 2-63-5 3-14-2 4-45-1 5-56-3 6-2

D. Match the active endings with the middle-passive endings showing the same person,number and tense.

A B1-4 1-32-3 2-43-2 3-54-1 4-1

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5-5 5-5

E. Tell what case the underlined nouns would be in Greek.1. nominative, nominative 2. nominative, nominative3. nominative, genitive, nominative 4. nominative5. nominative 6. accusative

Lesson II, Part TwoI. Exercise 1. B. Translate.

1. F@NÎH 2. F@NÎ< 3. F@N¬ 4. F@N¬ 5. F@N@Â 6. F@N"Â

II. Exercise 2. B. Vocabulary quiz.1. sleep 10. pleasure2. wine 11. difficult3. marriage 12. good, noble4. only, alone 13. through, on account of5. fine, good, beautiful 14. the very one who6. evil, wicked, bad 15. if7. good 16. around8. best 17. then, of former time9. luck

C. Give Greek word. 1. 6`F:@H 7. *g4<`H 2. Æ"JD@H 8. •2V<"J@H 3. P"8gB`H 9. –*46@H 4. 6@4<`H 10. –8@(@H 5. BDäJ@H 11. Ó8@H 6. F@NÎH 12. $4$8\@<

D. Review of vocabulary for Lessons I-II. Give English meaning. 1. educate, train 7. judge 2. plan 8. best 3. difficult 9. good 4. small child 10. wish, want 5. will, determination, council, senate 11. bad 6. common, public 12. time

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III. Exercise 3.A. Translate the following without verb forms.

1. JÎ P"8gBÎ< $4$8\@< 6. JÎ B"4*\@< :`<@< 2. JÎ $4$8Â@< P"8gBÎ< 7. º *g4<¬ Ò*`H 3. º –8@(@H RLPZ 8. *g4<¬ º Ò*`H 4. –8@(@H º RLPZ 9. Ò –D4FJ@H @É<@H 5. J` :`<@< B"4*\@< 10. Ò @É<@H –D4FJ@H

V. Exercise 5. Additional written exercises.A. True or False. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T

6. F 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. F B. Translate the underlined words.

1. » 2. Ó< 3. 4. ø 5. ÓH 6. @àH

Lesson III, Part One. The Future TenseI. Exercise 1. B. Form the future.

1. B"4*gbFT 2. $@L8gbFT 3. B4FJgbFT 4. 2bFT

C. Futures of consonant stems. 1. *X>@:"4 4. (DVRT 2. 8X>T 5. Bg\FT 3. BX:RT 6. –D>T

D. Irregular Futures. 2. Give the future.a. •6@bF@:"4 d. BDV>Tb. ¦2g8ZFT e. @ÇFTc. ¦8gbF@:"4

3. Give the present.a. §PT d. :"<2V<Tb. (\(<@:"4 e. NXDTc. §PT

E. Review. Practice forms of present, imperfect and future.1. Translate these forms of gÆ:\.

a. he/she/it/there is e. we areb. he/she/it/there will be f. you will be (sg.)c. I was; he/she/it/there was g. to bed. we were h. you (sg.) are

II. Exercise 2. Vocabulary. B. Vocabulary quiz. Give meanings; give future of any verbs. 1. hear; •6@bF@:"4 2. receive *X>@:"4

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3. take, seize 8ZR@:"4 4. suffer Bg\F@:"4 5. learn, understand :"2ZF@:"4 6. always 7. never

III. Exercise 3. Verb Review. B. Conjugate the future in the space below.

Active Middle@ÇFT -1S- @ÇF@:"4@ÇFg4H -2S- @ÇFg4@ÇFg4 -3S- @ÇFgJ"4@ÇF@:g< -1P- @ÆF`:g2"@ÇFgJg -2P- @ÇFgF2g@ÇF@LF4 -3P- @ÇF@<J"4@ÇFg4< -INF- @ÇFgF2"4

IV. Exercise 4. Written exercises.A. Answer the following.

1. Primary.2. Labial becomes R; dental drops out; palatal becomes >3. BVFPT, 8":$V<T, :"<2V<T, •6@bT, gÆ:\, [ÒDVT, •B@2<¯F6T]4. §PT5. No.6. a. genitive f. nominative

b. dative g. accusativec. accusative h. accusatived. dative i. nominativee. genitive

7. Nominative. 8. Yes.

9. No.10. Yes, if they are transitive.11. singular12. a. 2 e. 1

b. 1 f. 3c. 2 g. 3d. 3

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Lesson III, Part Two.I. Exercise 1.

B. Tell what case each of the nouns is and give the article that agrees with it. 1. dative; Jè 6. accusative; J`< 2. accusative; JZ< 7. accusative; JVH 3. genitive, accusative; J−H, JVH 8. dative; Jè 4. genitive; J@Ø 9. genitive; J−H 5. genitive; Jä< 10. dative; J@ÃH

III. Exercise 3.A. Give the meanings of the vocabulary words (on the tape).

1. poet 9. time, season, hour2. citizen 10. health3. truth 11. misfortune4. fate, portion, lot 12. shameful, ugly5. Muse 13. small6. master 14. worthy7. house 15. wicked8. young man

Greek:1. <X@H 2. *\6"4@H 3. BV8"4@H 4. F60<Z 5. PfD"

IV. Exercise 4. A. Possession. Translate.

1. º Jä< FJD"J4TJä< F60<Z 2. "Ê Jä< •<2DfBT< FL:N@D"\B. With verbs of ruling.

3. @Æ B@8ÃJ"4 J−F*g J−H <ZF@L –DP@LF4<.C. Genitive of Source with verbs of hearing.

4. Jä< F@Nä< ²6@b@:g<D. Genitive of Separation.E. Genitive of Agent with ßB`

VI. Exercise 6. Vocabulary quiz.A. Drill of vocabulary of Lessons I-III Give meanings.

1. difficult 16. sea 2. announce 17. concerning, around 3. receive 18. attempt, trial 4. always 19. dreadful, clever 5. toil 20. take, seize 6. physician 21. day 7. only, alone 22. tent, hut, scene 8. die 23. misfortune 9. kill 24. pleasure10. mistress 25. lead

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11. peace, calmness, quiet 26. health12. war 27. suffer13. the very one who 28. shameful14. throw, hit15. tongue

VII. Exercise 7. Written.A. Feminine and masculine.B. After g, 4, or D.C. Masculine.D. 1. -", -"H

2. -", -0H3. -0H, @L4. -"H, -@L5. -0, -0H

g. They do NOT differ in the plural.F. When the demonstrative is used as an adjective (but not when it is used as a pronoun).G. Predicate.H. ¦6gÃ<@HI. @âJ@H

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Lesson IV, The Aorist Tense.I. Exercise 1. Forms and Meanings. Listen to tape, repeat the forms.

A. Identify the Mood, the Voice and the Person of the forms from the tape. 1. Ind., mid., 2nd 6. Ind., act., 3rd 2. Ind., act., 2nd 7. Inf., act. 3. Ind., act., 1st 8. Ind., mid., 2nd 4. Inf., mid. 9. Inf., act. 5. Inf., act. 10. Ind., mid., 1st

II. Exercise 2.C. Listen to the forms of the first or second aorist and jot down the present.

1. (\(<@:"4 7. *XP@:"4 2. <@:\.T 8. •B@2<¯F6T 3. BVFPT 9. –DPT 4. §DP@:"4 10. –(T 5. BX:BT 11. NXDT 6. 8":$V<T 12. :"<2V<T

III. Exercise 3. Infinitives. A. *XPgF2"4, *X>gF2"4, *X>"F2"4B. –(g4<, –>g4<, •("(gÃ<; –(gF2"4, –>gF2"4, "("(XF2"4C. BX:Bg4<, BX:Rg4<, BX:R"4; BX:BgF2"4, BX:RgF2"4, BX:B"F2"4D. N"\<g4<, N"4<gF2"4; N−<"4, NZ<"F2"4

VI. Exercise 6. B. Vocabulary quiz on first part.1. I am able 6. probably, doubtless, I presume2. then, therefore, in fact 7. such, what a 3. such 8. I said4. other 9. especially5. but 10. know

VIII. Exercise 8. Written.A. Translate.

1. º •DgJZ ¦FJ4 J •("2 §Pg4<.Ò 9g<T< §N0 J¬< •DgJ¬< gÉ<"4 J •("2 §Pg4<.

2. º º(\g4" 6"Â Ò B8@ØJ@H gÆF\ •("2@\.J¬< ß(\g4"< N0F4 6"Â JÎ< B8@ØJ@< gÉ<"4 •("2@bH.

3. @Ê –<2DTB@4 $@b8@<J"4 6"6";<@:\.g4H/-gJg J@×H •<2DfB@LH $@b8gF2"4 6"6V;

4. J B"4*\" 8\2@LH §$"8g.§N0< J B"4*\" 8\2@LH $"8gÃ</@ÇFg4</$V88g4<.

5. <@:\.T J"ØJ" *46"\TH BDVJJg4</BDV>g4</BD>"4.

B. Answer these questions (with brevity).1. Imperfect and aorist2. Future and aorist3. By studying the principal parts4. From the difference the in the stem

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5. The future is not augmented and has the thematic vowel; the aorist is augmentedin the indicative and has the characteristic vowel, alpha.6. Alpha7. Infinitives8. No.9. Imperfect views the action as going on in the past; aorist views the action as thesimple act.10. Those with stems ending in a liquid or nasal sound.

C. Decide what tense each of the following would be if translated into Greek.1. Present 9. Imperfect2. Present 10. Aorist3. Aorist 11. Imperfect4. Imperfect 12. Aorist5. Imperfect 13. Aorist6. Aorist 14. Imperfect7. Aorist 15. Future8. Present 16. Imperfect

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Lesson V, Third Declension NounsI. Exercise 1

A. º 6b84> Ò 6−DL>J−H 6b846@H J@Ø 6ZDL6@HJ± 6b846" Jè 6ZDL64J¬< 6b846" JÎ< 6ZDL6"

"Ê 6b846gH @Ê 6ZDL6gHJä< 6L8\6T< Jä< 60Db6T<J"ÃH 6b84>4 J@ÃH 6ZDL>4(<)JH 6b846"H J@×H 6ZDL6"H

B. º B"JD\H º PVD4H

J−H B"JD\*@H J−H PVD4J@HJ± B"JD\*4 J± PVD4J4J¬< B"JD\*" J¬< PVD4<

"Ê B"JD\*gH "Ê PVD4JgHJä< B"JD\*T< Jä< P"D\JT<J"ÃH B"JD\F4(<) J"ÃH PVD4F4(<)JH B"JD\*"H JH PVD4J"H

C. º gÆ6f< Ò (XDT<J−H gÆ6`<@H J@Ø (XD@<J@HJ± gÆ6`<4 Jè (XD@<J4J¬< gÆ6`<" JÎ< (XD@<J"

"Ê gÆ6`<gH @Ê (XD@<JgHJä< gÆ6`<T< Jä< (gD`<JT<J@ÃH gÆ6`F4(<) J@ÃH (XD@LF4(<)JH gÆ6`<"H J@×H (XD@<J"H

D. JÎ B<gØ:"J@Ø B<gb:"J@HJè B<gb:"J4JÎ B<gØ:"

J B<gb:"J"Jä< B<gL:VJT<J@ÃH B<gb:"F4J B<gb:"J"

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II. Exercise 2. Vowel Base Nouns. A. Ò ÊgDgbH @Ê ÊgDgÃH

J@Ø ÊgDXTH Jä< ÊgDXT<Jè ÊgDgà J@ÃH ÊgDgØF4(<)JÎ< ÊgDX" J@×H ÊgDX"H

B. º :V<J4H "Ê :V<Jg4HJ−H :V<JgTH Jä< :V<JgT<J± :V<Jg4 J"ÃH :V<JgF4J¬< :V<J4< JH :V<Jg4H

C. JÎ §J@H J §J0J@Ø §J@LH Jä< ¦Jä<Jè §Jg4 J@ÃH §JgF4JÎ §J@H J §J0

D. º :ZJ0D "Ê :0JXDgHJ−H :0JD`H Jä< :0JXDT<J± :0JD\ J"ÃH :0JDVF4J¬< :0JXD" JH :0JXD"H

III. Exercise 3. Vocabulary.A. Vocabulary quiz on starred words.

1. water 9. woman2. child 10. old man3. body 11. race, kind4. part 12. grace5. year 13. thing (pl. money)6. pupil, learner, disciple 14. man7. hope 15. town8. divinity

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Lesson VI, Third Declension Adjectives.I. Exercise 1. Listen to the FORMS and comments.

A. Choose the correct forms of •802ZH to agree with the words listed. 1. •802gÃH 4. •802− 7. •802XH 2. •802− 5. •802XF4 8. •802gÃH 3. •802@ØH 6. •802gÃH

B. Choose the correct forms of gÛ*"\:T< to agree with he words listed. 1. gÛ*"\:@<gH 4. gÛ*"\:@<" 7. gÜ*"4:@< 2. gÛ*"\:@<" 5. gÛ*"\:@F4 8. gÛ*"\:@<gH 3. gÛ*"\:@<@H 6. gÛ*"\:@<"H

C. Choose the correct forms of gÛDbH. 1. gÛDgÃH 4. gÛDgÃ"< 7. gÛDb 2. gÛDX" 5. gÛDXF4 8. gÛDgÃ"4 3. gÛDg\"H 6. gÛDgÃH

D. Choose the correct forms of BH. 1. BV<JgH 4. BF"< 7. B< 2. BV<J" 5. BF4 8. BF"4 3. BVF0H 6. BV<J"H

IV. Exercise 4. Written Questions.A. By the formula gÆ with a secondary tense of the indicative in the conditional clause(protasis) and –< with a secondary tense of the indicative in the conclusion clause(apodosis).B. When it refers to a natural, possible or intended result.C. When it refers to an actual result.D. When it means until and follows a negative clause.E. When it means before and follows an affirmative clause.F.

1. complementary infinitive after certain verbs (wish, plan, etc.), and expressionssuch as "it is necessary to..."; "it is time to..."2. with the article (as a noun): the articular infinitive3. in indirect statement4. in "natural" result clauses5. with BD\< meaning "before"

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Lesson VII, Participles.II. Exercise 2. Formation.

A. (A) Give Tense and Voice and (B) Gender, Number and Case.(A) (B)

1. B"bF@<J4 future active masc./neut., sg., dat.2. B"bF"F4 aorist active fem., sg., nom.3. B"LF@bF0H present active fem., sg., gen.4. $V88T< present active masc. sg., nom.5. $"8f< aorist, active masc., sg., nom.6. B"LFV:g<@< aor. mid. masc., sg., acc; neut., sg. nom./acc.7. B"LF`:g<" future, middle neut., pl., nom./acc.8. Ð<J" pres. active masc., sg., acc./neut.; pl. acc./nom.9. B"b@<J" pres. active masc. acc. sg.; neut. pl. nom./acc.10. $"8`<J" aor. act. masc. nom. sg.; neut. pl. nom./acc.11. B"bF@<JgH future, active masc., pl., nom.12. B"bF"F4 aorist, active masc./neut., dat. pl.

IV. Exercise 4. B. Vocabulary Quiz. Give meanings. 1. perceive 7. be absent 2. order 8. be present 3. carry across, differ 9. learn 4. look, see 10. at the same time 5. be ashamed 11. since 6. find 12. it is possible

VII. Exercise 7. Written exercises. 1. No participles are augmented. 2. It has the article with it. 3. Present, future, aorist, [perfect]. 4. Third and first. 5. Second and first. 6. The future participle has @, the first aorist has ". 7. The supplementary participle depends directly on the verb. 8. Verbal elements of participles: tense, voice; ability to take objects. Nominal aspects:case, number, gender. 9. Purpose.10. That it is conditional.11. The first says that although I am ashamed, I do it anyway; the second that shameprevents me from doing it.12. The first says that we hear that the man is coming; the second that we hear him coming.13. a. attributive; b. circumstantial; c. supplementary14. B"bT, –DPT, JL(PV<T, N2V<T, 8"<2V<T, "ÆFPb<@:"4, •6@bT, N"\<@:"4,"ÆF2V<@:"4.15. Aorist. 16. Present. 17. Circumstantial.

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Lesson VIII, Part One. Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns.I. Exercise 1. Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns.

A. Tell whether the pronoun is (A) Relative or Interrogative and then (B) Translate.(A) (B)

1. Interrogative J\<" (or J\<"H)2. Relative Ó<3. Interrogative J\<gH4. Relative "Ë5. Interrogative J\<4 (or J\F4)6. Relative ô<

C. Vocabulary quiz.1. cause 4. earth 7. guard, watch2. err 5. dog3. to this place 6. nature

Lesson VIII, Part Two. The Perfect Active.II. Exercise 2. Principal Parts.

B. Quiz; give the present tense.1. –(T 6. BVFPT2. B"bT 7. NXDT3. Bg:BT 8. $V88T4. N"\<T 9. B"4*gbT5. (\(<@:"4

III. Exercise 3.B. Quiz.

1. teach 2. seem, be like 3. know4. blame 5. drink 6. grow, produce

V. Exercise 5.A. Written exercises.1. Present, imperfect, (future) 2. Aorist (future).3. Perfect, pluperfect, future perfect. 4. Present, future, perfect, future perfect.5. Imperfect, aorist, pluperfect. 6. BDVJJT, Bg\2T, N"\<T7. N"\<T, •6@bT, •B@6Jg\<T, (\(<@:"4, §PT, 8"<2V<T, 8g\BT, Bg\2T, BX:BT,FJX88T, Jg4<T, (NgbT)8. Yes, it is not removed in infinitive and participle.9. Choose the correctly reduplicated forms.

a. 2VBJT (bury)==> 3. JX2"::"4 b. PD\T (anoint)==> 3. 6XPD4:"4c. N2g\DT (corrupt)==> 2. §N2"D6" d. N48XT (love)==> 3. BXN\806"e. JDXNT (nourish)==> 1. JXJD@N" f. BJT (fashion)==> 2. »::"4g. >0D"\<T (dry)==> 3. ¦>ZD"F:"4 h. BDVJJT==> 1. BXBD"P"i. {DVBJT (stitch)==> 3. §DD"::"4 j. ÏN84F6V<T (owe)==> 2. êN806"

10. Which are forms of @É*"?

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b. ÇF"F4 d. ÇFJg e. gÆ*fH h. ¹F"<i. ±F:g< j. @É*g< l. ·*0 m. gÇF@:"4o. gÆ*X<"4

Lesson IX, Part One. Personal Pronouns.I. Exercise 1.

C. Translate the sentences on the tape.1. a. The woman herself said these things.

b. The same gods said these things.2. a. We saw the same woman.

b. We saw her.c. We saw the woman herself.

E. Translate (turn off tape while writing).1. ¦(ã "ÛJ¬/"ÛJÎH gÉ*@< ¦:"LJZ</¦:"LJ`<.2. ©"LJ@×H/©"LJH •BX6Jg4<"<.3. º:Ã< "ÛJ@ÃH/"ÛJ"ÃH ¦B4FJgbF":g<.4. Fg"LJÎ</Fg"LJ¬< (@ÛP ÒD”H) @Û $8XBg4H.5. º:H "ÛJ@×H/"ÛJH 8bF@:g<.6. ß:ä< "ÛJä< •DPgJg;

II. Exercise 2. B. Vocabulary Quiz (closed book). Give English meanings.

1. slander 8. reputation, opinion, glory2. you (pl.) 9. be about to, intend3. it is necessary 10. often4. supply, provide 11. we5. change 12. each6. (of) myself 13. already7. love

IV. Exercise 4. Written.A. Review of Pronouns. Give Greek words and English equivalents for the following.1. ÓH, », Ó– who, which, that2. @âJ@H, "àJ0, J@ØJ@– this, that; Ó*g, »*g, J`*g– this; ¦6gÃ<@H, ¦6gÃ<0, ¦6gÃ<@– that3. J\H, J\– who?, which?, what?4. J4H, J4– someone, anyone5. ¦(f– I º:gÃH– we Fb– you ß:g4H– you (all)6. "ÛJ`H– self7. ¦:"LJ@Ø– myself º:ä< "ÛJä<– ourselvesFg"LJ@Ø– yourself ß:ä< "ÛJä<– yourselves ©"LJ@Ø (etc.)– himself, (etc.)8.•88Z8T<– each otherB. Because the verb tells what person it is.C. 1. "ÛJ@Â/"ÛJ"Â "ÛJ¬< gÇ*@:g<

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2. J\<" ¦6gÃ<@4 gÉ*@<; 3. J¬< (L<"Ã6" gÇ*@:g< 4. J\ Æ*gÃ< •88Z8@LH ¦$@b8gF2g 5. "Ë*g ("àJ"4) º:H gÉ*@<; 6. J\ ß:gÃH º:Ã< BDV>gJg; 7. gÉ*X J4H J@ØJ@/J`*g; 8. J\<4 J@ØJ@/¦6gÃ<@ §BD">"H 9. ß:Ã</F@\ gÆF4< B@88@Â N\8@4;10. Ò "ÛJÎH (•<¬D) J¬< ¦B4FJ@8¬< "ÛJ¬< gÆ*g4<11. ßBÎ J\<T< J"ØJ" ¦BDVJJgJ@;12. Ò "ÛJ@H B@40J¬H J"ØJ" §(D"Ng BgDÂ ©"LJ@Ø13. $@L8`:g2" J ²:ä< "ÛJä< §Pg4<.14. Ó J4 ß:gÃH ("ÛJ@\) BgB`<2"Jg @Û6 @Ç*".

Lesson IX, Part Two.II. Exercise 2.

B. Quiz. Give the present.1. –((g88T 5. 8":$V<T2. (\(<@:"4 6. (DVNT3. §PT 7. (4(<fF6T4. –(T 8. 2bT

III. Exercise 3. B. Quiz. 1. turn, be engaged in 2. remind; remember3. bury 4. prevent 5. turn away

V. Exercise 5. Assimilation in the Perfect Middle System.A. Change these (according to the rules) to make them more easily pronounced.

1. JXJD4BJ"4 2. §FJD"BJ"4 3. gÇ80BJ"4 4. ¦8X8g4BJ@ (*trick question) 5. 8X8g6J"4 6. μ6J"4 7. ¦*X*g6J@ 8. BXBg4FJ"4 9. <g<`:4FJ"4 10. ÇFJg11. JXJD4R"4 12. ¦(X(D"R@13. μD>"4 14. ¦BXBD">@15. BXBg4F"4 16. BXN"F:"417. 8X8g4::"4 18. gÆ8Z::g2"19. BXB8g(:"4 (from B8X6JT, plait)20. BXBg::"4

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Lesson X, Part One. Comparison of Adjectives.I. Exercise 1. Forms.

A. Give comparative and Superlatives of the following.1. *\6"4@H *46"4`JgD@H -" -@< *46"4`J"J"@H -0 -@<2. –*46@H •*46fJgD@H -" -@< •*46fJ"J@H -0 -@<3. RgL*ZH RgL*XFJgD@H -" -@< RgL*XFJ"J@H -0 -@<4. *LF*"\:T< *LF*"4:@<XFJgD@H-"-@< *LF*"4:@<XFJ"J@H -0 -@<5. (8L6bH (8L6\T<, -@< (8b64FJ@H, -0, -@<

II. Exercise 2. A. Quiz.1. better 6. long2. best 7. willing(ly)3. mortal man 8. unwilling(ly)4. otherwise, in vain 9. greater5. little, few

III. Exercise 3. A. Translate.1. @Û6 §FJ4< @Û*¥< 6V884@< gÛ*"\:@<@H º:XD"H.2. Ó J4 BDVJJg4< @Í@H J' gÉ, –:g4<@< @Ë" J' gÆ:\.3. §FJ4< ÓJ4H F@NfJgD@H ET6DVJ@LH;4. @Û6 §FJ4< @Û*gÂH F@NfJgD@H J\ (J\<4) (@Û*g<Â/@Û*X<) ET6DVJ@LH.5. @àJ@H (Ò •<ZD) (¦FJ4) <gfJgD@H J−H (L<"46ÎH JD\F4< §JgF4<.6. @Û6 XFJ4< @Û*¥< RgL*XFJgD@< RgL*@ØH N48@L.7. ¦6g\<0 ³< ñH ¦F28@JVJ0/•D\FJ0 Jè •<*D\/BDÎH JÎ< –<*D".8. ¦<`:4Fg JÎ< B"JXD" gÉ<"4 BV<JT< Jä< •<*Dä< "ÇFP4FJ@<.

Lesson X, Part Two. Aorist Passive.II. Exercise 2. A. Translate.

1. I was sent 2. I will be sent 3. you were led 4. you will be led 5. it was written 6. it will be written 7. we were judged 8. we will be judged 9. you were heard 10. you will be heard11. they were sacrificed 12. they will be sacrificed

III. Exercise 3. B. Quiz.1. save 3. enemy2. think 4. corrupt

V. Exercise 5. A. Translate. 1. ¦Ff20:g< 2. ¦$@L8Z20F"< 3. ¦BX:N20< 4. ³P20H 5. ¦(DVN0 6. ¦6D\20Jg 7. ²6@bF20:g< 8. ¦8b20F"< 9. 80N2−<"4 10. ³DP20

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Lesson XI. Contract Verbs.I. Contract verbs.

A. "-contracts.a. •("Bä:"4 b. ÒD”H c. J4:J"4 d. <46<

B. g-contracts.a. F6@B@ØF4 b. N48@b:g2" c. ¦*`6g4H d. .0JgÃ<

C. @-contracts.a. •>4@Ø< b. *08@ÃH c. ¦*Z8@L d. •>4@Ø<

D. Principal Parts.a. •>4`T, •>4fFT, ²>\TF", ²>\T6", ²>\T:"4, ²>4f20<b. J4:VT, J4:ZFT, ¦J\:0F", JgJ\:06", JgJ\:0:"4, ¦J4:Z20<c. B@4XT, B@4ZFT, ¦B@\0F", BgB@\06", BgB@\0:"4, ¦B@4Z20<d. .0JXT, .0JZFT, ¦.ZJ0F", ¦.ZJ06", ¦.ZJ0:"4, ¦.0JZ20<e. ¦DTJVT, ¦DTJZFT, ²DfJ0F", ²DfJ06", ²DfJ0:"4, ²DTJZ20<

II. Exercise 2.B. Form the futures of the following.

1. 6@:4ä 2. <@:4ä 3. •B@6D4<@Ø:"44. *4"N2gDä 5. :g<ä 6. FJg8ä

III. Exercise 3.B. Quiz.

1. see 9. lead, think2. hate 10. inspect, examine3. use 11. call4. seem, think, believe 12. seek5. be unjust 13. live6. love 14. drive7. love 15. intend, have in mind

C. Principal parts. Give Present and Meaning.1. ÒDVT--see 6. .0JXT--seek2. "ÊDXT--take; choose 7. N@$X@:"4--fear3. •N46<X@:"4--reach, arrive 8. 6"8XT--call4. ¦8"b<T--drive, march 9. <46VT--conquer5. *@6XT--seem, think 10. *08`T--reveal11. ÒDVT--see 12. "ÊDXT--take; choose

V. Exercise 5. Written exercises.A. •("BVT, ">4`T, *08`T, ¦B42L:XT, :4FXT, <@XT (<@ØH <-- <`@H), J4:VT, N48XT,N@$X@:"4, (":XT, *4RVT, *@L8`T, <@FXT, @Æ6XT, FL::"PXT, Jg6<`T, Jg8XT

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Lesson XII. Athematic Verbs.I. Exercise 1.

A. ËFJ0:4. Give (A) tense and voice; tell whether the form is (B) transitive or intransitive;(C) translate.

(A) (B) (C)1. pres., act. trans. they are setting 2. impf., m/p. intrans. he/she/it was standing3. 2nd aor., act. intrans. he/she/it stood4. 1st aor., act. trans. to set5. fut., act. trans. I shall set6. pf., act. intrans. you stand7. plupf., act. intrans. he/she/it stood8. aor., pass. intrans. we were set up9. fut. pf., act. intrans. I shall stand

B. *\*T:4. (A) tense and (B) translate.(A) (B)

1. aor. to give2. impf. you were being given3. pres. they are giving4. pres. to give5. fut. they will give6. aor. he/she/it gave7. aor. you were given8. pf. he/she/it has given9. aor. you gave for yourself

E. *g\6<L:4. (A) tense (B) voice (C) translate.(A) (B) (C)

1. pres. act. to be showing2. pres. act. to show3. pres. mid./pass. you are showing for yourself/being shown4. pres. act. they are showing5. fut. mid. you will display6. fut. pass. I shall be shown7. aor. pass. to be shown8. impf. act. I was showing9. pf. mid./pass. he/she/it has displayed/been shown

II. Exercise 2. B. Quiz.1. be caught 6. go, walk2. understand 7. be able3. understanding 8. lie4. sit 9. give5. fill 10. set; stand

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C. Give one compound of each. Translate.1. •N\FJ0:4--cause to revolt2. •<"J\20:4--set up3. BD@*\*T:4--betray4. FL:$"\<T--happen5. •N\0:4--send forth, release from6. ¦B4*g\6<L:4--exhibit7. •B`88L:4--destroy utterly; perish, die

IV. Exercise 4. A. Written.

1. -:4 verbs have no thematic vowel in the present and imperfect and sometimes inthe aorist. 2. Present, imperfect, aorist active and middle (of ËFJ0:4--pf. system). 3. Present, imperfect, future, 2nd aorist. 4. 1st aorist, perfect, aorist passive, pluperfect. 5. Yes: future. 6. Root, reduplicatory, -<L:4 7. -<L:4 8. Present, imperfect. 9. In no way.10. Underline the correct form of J\20:4 in each group.a. ¦J\2g4H b. J42g\H c. 2gÃ<"4 d. ¦J\2gF"<11. Underline the correct form of *\*T:4 in each group. a. ¦*\*@L< b. *@ØF4 c. ¦*\*@L d. *4*`:g<@H12. Underline the correct form of ËFJ0:4 in each group.a. ÊFJF4 b. ËFJ0 c. FJVF2"4d. ªFJ"Jg e. ©FJZ>T13. Underline the correct form of Ç0:4 in each group.

a. ÊX<"4 b. ÊX<J" c. ËgF@

Lesson XIII, Subjunctive and Optative.I. Exercise 1. The Subjunctive: Uses and FormsII. Exercise 2. The Optative: Uses and FormsIII. Exercise 3.

A. Written questions. 1. Present, aorist, perfect. 2. None. 3. It lengthens. 4. Primary. 5. 1) Hortatory; 2) prohibitive; 3) deliberative. 6. Present general; future more vivid. 7. It does not show tense, it only shows aspect.

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8. -:4 verbs, contracts. 9. Aorist passive.10. 1) Optative of wish; 2) potential optative.11. Future less vivid; past general.

Lesson XIV, The Imperative Mood.I. Exercise 1.

B. Imperative forms of B"4*gbT.Present Active Present Middle-PassiveB"\*gLg B"4*gb@LB"4*gLXJT B"4*gLXF2TB"4*gbgJg B"4*gbgF2gB"4*gL`<JT< B"4*gLXF2T<

Aorist Active Middle PassiveB"\*gLF@< B"\*gLF"4 B"4*gb20J4B"4*gLFVJT B"4*gLFVF2T B"4*gL2ZJTB"4*gbF"Jg B"4*gbF"F2g B"4*gb20JgB"4*gLFV<JT< B"4*gLFVF2T< B"4*gL2X<JT<

Perfect Active Middle-PassiveBgB"4*gL6fH ÇF24 (BgB"\*gL6g) BXB6gLF@BgB"4*gL6fH §FJT (BgB"4*gL6XJT) BgB"4*gbF2TBgB"4*gL6`JgH §FJg (BgB"4*gb6gJg) BgB"\*gLF2gBgB"4*gL6`JgH Ð<JT< BgB"4*gbF2T<

D. Second aorist imperative of •(T.Present Active Present Middle-Passive–("(g •("(@Ø•("(XJT •("(XF2T•(V(gJg •(V(gF2g•("(`<JT< •("(XF2T<

F. Optional reading: The Lord's Prayer. (Underline the imperatives.)AVJgD º:ä< Ò ¦< J@ÃH @ÛD"<@ÃH (4"F2ZJT JÎ Ð<@:V F@L. ¦82XJT º $"F48g\" F@L.

(g<02ZJT JÎ 2X80:V F@L, ñH ¦< @ÛD"<è 6"Â ¦BÂ (−H. JÎ< –DJ@< º:ä< JÎ< ¦B4@bF4@< *ÎHº:Ã< FZ:gD@<. 6"Â –NgH º:Ã< J ÏNg48Z:"J" º:ä<. ñH 6"Â º:gÃH •NZ6":g< J@ÃHÏNg48XJ"4H º:ä<. 6"Â :¬ gÆFg<X(6®H º:VH gÆH Bg4D"F:`<, •88 {DØF"4 º:H •BÎ J@ØB@<0D@Ø.

JÎ JX8@H