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Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone —by Sophocles and (Medea— by Euripides)

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Page 1: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Greek Theatre

Overview of TheaterGreek Gods

Antigone—by Sophoclesand

(Medea—by Euripides)

Page 2: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Overview of Greek Theatre• The land

• The myths

• The stage

Page 3: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

The Land

• Greece has thousands of inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges

• Greece has a rich culture and history

• Democracy was founded in Greece

• Patriarchal (male dominated) society

• Philosophy, as a practice, began in Greece (Socrates (Socratic discussions!), Plato, Aristotle)

Page 4: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

The Land

Located in Europe in the Aegean Sea

Page 5: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

The Land

Page 6: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Overview of Greek Theatre• The land

• The myths

• The stage

Page 7: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

The Stage

Page 8: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

The StageThree Main Portions of Greek Theatre:

Skene – Portion of stage where actors performed (included 1-3 doors in and out)

Orchestra – “Dancing Place” where chorus sang to the audience

Theatron – “seeing place” Seating for audience

Page 9: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Other parts of the theater:

• Parados=“Passageway” (plural is paradoi)• Eisodos=long ramps• Skene=“Tent”/“booth” in English—3 doors for

entrances• Paraskenium/Proscenium--stage in front of

curtain, with projecting sides• Altar (Thymele)—place for offering to Dionysus• Logeion-a platform above the proskeneum• Thelogeion—roof above logeion wher the gods

and the mechane (deus ex. Machina) sat.

Page 10: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Further parts…

• The mechane (machina) was a crane mounted on the roof of the skene to lower the gods into the action of the play.

• “Deus ex machina”—god out of the machine.—surprise or god-like entrance.

Page 11: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Seating capacity

• 78 rows of the Theatre of Dionysus would seat between 15,000 and 16,000 people, approximately 1/3 of the population of Athens.

• In contrast, a large Broadway theatre, designed primarily for musicals, seats about 1,200.

Page 12: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

The Stage

Page 13: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

The Stage• First Greek plays were performed during

religious ceremonies held in honor of Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and revelry (altars generally on stage)

• Banks would shut down for days, people would travel from all around to see the drama competitions—even prisoners were temporarily released to see the plays

• Tragedy translated means “goat song” (relates to Dionysian rituals)

Page 14: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

The Stage

Page 15: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Where and how were the dramas performed?

…In an amphitheatre, open-air.

…With a chorus who described most of the action.

…With masks, all male casts…With all the fighting and movement going on off stage.

….With tragedy first, then comedy later.

Page 16: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Three Major Greek Dramatists

Aeschylus 524 B.C. Seven Against Thebes

Sophocles 496 B.C. Antigone

Oedipus

Euripides 480 B.C. Medea

Dramatist Born Wrote

Page 17: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

What is Sophocles’ contribution to the art of playwriting?

• He added the third actor to the stage—allowing for more complex stories.

Page 18: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Sophocles’ Antigone

• Set in Thebes (a city in ancient Greece)• Antigone is the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta• Antigone’s father, Oedipus, murders his father

and marries his mother…(as seen in Oedipus Rex)

• Antigone’s brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices, took opposite sides in a war

• Eteocles and Polyneices killed each other in battle

• Antigone’s uncle, Creon, became king of Thebes

Page 19: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Copy Only The Boxed Portion!

Page 20: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Perfect Tragedies…

• Unity of Time: The play takes place in a 24 hr. time period.

• Unity of Place: The play has a simple, one setting

• Unity of Action: The play has one plot and no mix of tragedy and comedy.

Page 21: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

TRAGEDY and Tragic HERO• Morally instructive and entertaining• Stories of the nature of humans in conflict with

themselves, with society, and with the Gods.• Develop the tragic hero=a high born person who displays

hubris (too much pride/arrogance in the face of the gods) shown through hamartia (tragic flaw, or an error in judgment) that leads to their downfall/suffering.

• Once realized, character enters the stage of anagnorisis (recognition) and will undergo a peripeteia (reversal of fortune or fall from high to low).

• Eventually, this leads the audience to a catharsis, or feeling of emotional cleansing, pity, fear, or relief that we do not face the same outcome.

Page 22: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Tragedy:

• Reaffirms that life is worth living, regardless of suffering or the pain of human existence

• Tragedies are about spiritual conflicts, never about everyday events.

• Tragic protagonist goes from high to low—and have a noble soul. The audience must care about the protagonist.

• The protagonist is good, not perfect.

Page 23: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

TRAGIC ACTIONARETE, ARISTEIA: excellence

HUBRIS: arrogance

HAMARTIA: fatal mistake

PERIPETEIA: reversal of fortune

ANAGNORISIS: understanding

CATHARSIS

Page 24: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

5 sections of Greek Tragedy:

• The Prologue—opening portion of the play, sets the scene and contains the exposition.

• The Parados—The entrance song of the chorus. Named after the broad aisles on either side of the theatron, along which the chorus entered/exited.

Page 25: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Continued…

• The Episodes (Scenes): Scene in the action of the drama. Episodes, performed by actors, are distinguished from the Stasimons, performed by the Chorus. The episodes alternate with the Stasimons.

• The Stasimons (Odes)—a choral passage alternating with the episodes of the plot of the drama. A type of lyric poem, using exalted, dignified diction. The chorus sang and danced the tragic odes accompanied by musical instruments.

Page 26: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

SECTIONS CONTINUED:

• The tragic ode consists of both Strophes and Antistrophes—essentially stanzas of the poems.

• Exodos: The concluding section, contains the resolution, tragedy, and outcome.

Page 27: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Overview of Greek Theatre• The land

• The myths

• The stage

Page 28: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Myths played a key rolein Greek drama

Page 29: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

The Myths – Why they were written

1. Explained the unexplainable

2. Justified religious practices

3. Gave credibility to leaders

4. Gave hope

5. Polytheistic (more than one god)

6. Centered around the twelve Olympians (primary Greek gods)

Page 30: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Explained the Unexplainable

• When Echo tried to get Narcissus to love her, she was denied.

• Saddened, she shriveled to nothing, her existence melting into a rock.

• Only her voice remained.

• Hence, the echo!

Page 31: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

To justify religious practices

• Dionysian cults in ancient Greece were founded to worship Dionysus, god of grapes, vegetation, and wine.

Page 32: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

To give credibility to leaders

The Romans used myths to create family trees for their leaders,

enforcing the made-up idea that the emperors were

related to the gods and were, then,

demigods.

Page 33: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

To give hope• The ancient citizens of

Greece would sacrifice and pray to an ORACLE.

• An oracle was a priest or priestess who would send a message to the gods from mortals who brought their requests.

Where DID hope come from?

After unleashing suffering, famine, disease, and many other evils, the last thing Pandora let

out was HOPE.

Page 34: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

The Oracle at Delphi

Most famous oracle in Greek mythology.

Page 35: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Mount Olympus…

…Where the

Olympians lived.

Who are the Olympians?

Page 36: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

The Olympians Are the 12 Main Gods

Page 37: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Zeus

• King of gods• Heaven• Storms• Thunder• lightning

Page 38: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Poseidon

• Zeus’s brother• King of the sea• Earthquakes• Horses

Page 39: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Hades

• Brother to Zeus and Poseidon

• King of the Underworld (Tartarus)

• Husband of Persphone

Page 40: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Ares

• God of war

Page 41: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Hephaestus

• God of fire• Craftspeople• Metalworkers• Artisans

Page 42: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Apollo

• God of the sun• Music• Poetry• Fine arts• Medicine

Page 43: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Hermes

• Messenger to the gods

• Trade• Commerce• Travelers• Thieves & scoundrels

Page 44: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Dionysus

• God of Wine• Partying (Revelry)

Page 45: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Hera

• Queen of gods• Women• Marriage• Childbirth

Page 46: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Demeter

• Goddess of Harvest• Agriculture• Fertility• Fruitfulness• Mom to Persephone

Page 47: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Hestia

• Goddess of Hearth• Home• Community

Page 48: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Athena

• Goddess of wisdom• Practical arts• War

Page 49: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Aphrodite

• Goddess of love and beauty

Page 50: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Artemis

• Goddess of hunting and the moon.

Page 51: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Tem

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men

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f th

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lym

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ns

Page 52: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

The EndThe End

Page 53: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Jason’s Voyage on the Argo

Jason and Medea meet

Corinth: Where Jason and Medea settle down

Page 54: Greek Theatre Overview of Theater Greek Gods Antigone—by Sophocles and (Medea—by Euripides)

Euripides’ Medea• Medea is a princess from Colchis• Medea marries Jason, who is in Colchis

on a quest for the Golden Fleece• Medea betrays her father and murders her

brother for her love of Jason• Medea has magical powers• Jason takes Medea back to his homeland,

Corinth, where they have children• Jason takes another wife, the king of

Corinth’s daughter


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