GREENBLUEDELFT ZUID OOST

CONTENTS

1. Summary >introduction >timeline >results

2. Background >history >SEA:buildingtargets,greenand water

3. Green-Blue >introduction >watertargets >greentargets >alternativesolutionsforwater >alternativesolutionsforgreen >measures >TEEBinthecity

4. Follow-up >projectgains >lookingahead

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1. SUMMARY > introduct ion

DelftZuidoostischanging.Thedistrict,withdenselypopulatedresidentialareas,theUniversityofTechnology(TUDelft)campus,historicbuildingsandbusinessparks,isfacingvariousdevelopmentsincomingyears.Theadditionofhouses,studentaccommo-dationandthedevelopmentoftheTechnologicalInnovationCampus(TICDelft)needtobeaccompaniedbyanincreaseinthequalityofthelivingenvironment.Theobjectivesofthisurbanrenewalincludeadesignthatisrichinbothgreenandwaterelements.

TheGreen-Blueprojectwasinitiatedatthebeginningof2011bytheMunicipalityofDelft,DelflandWaterBoard,theDelftUniversityofTechnology(TUDelft),theTUNorthInterestGroup,studenthousingcorporationDUWO,andprojectdeveloperAMasadirectresultoftheStrategicEnvironmentalAssessment(SEA)oftheurbanzoningplansforDelftZuidoost(Southeast).TheSEAconcludesthattheplanneddevelopmentsintheareaarefeasible,providedthemunicipalpolicyconcerningwater,ecologyandsustainabilityisimplemented.WhenthecitycouncildiscussedtheSEA,itrequestedthatintegratedsolutionsbedevelopedtomeettheentiredistrict’sgreenandwatertargetstoinformthedraftingoftheurbanzoningplans.Thecouncilwantedtoavoidsituationswheresub-areasareexaminedinisolation,andonlyreactivelyinresponsetonewdevelopments.

TheGreen-Blueprojecthasresultedinanopportunitymapcontainingsome180potentialmeasures.Thesemeasureshavebeencombinedtoformaprojectmapwithanaccompanyinglistofprojects.Thisreportsetsoutthepaththathasledtotheseresults.

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2011 2012

First test-bed study ‘C l imate in the c i ty ’Thefirsttest-bedstudy,‘Climateinthecity’,wasorganisedinJanuary2010.ItwaspartofthestimulationprogrammeoftheMinistryofInfrastructureandEnvironment/Deltaprogramme,aimedatencouraginglocalcouncilstodevotemoreattentiontomeasuresthataddressclimatechangeinthecity.Thetest-bedbroughttolightthatwaterretentionispossibleinthepresenturbanenvironment.

Delft Makes a SplashThe‘DelftMakesaSplash’projectwascarriedoutinthespringof2010byaconsortiumofpartiesthatincludedtheMunicipalityofDelft.TheprojectconcentratedonparticipationandgeneratingideasonthesubjectofclimateadaptationinDelftZuidoost.Theoutcomeofthe‘DelftMakesaSplash’projectisalistofmeasuresthathavebeenincludedintheSEAreportasprojectedsolutionstomeetthewatertargetssetforthedistrict.Theprojectincreasedsupportamongstakeholdersforthesesolutionsandraisedawarenessthatgreenandwatercontributetothequalityoflife.

SEAIn2009,anumberofbuildingplansandseparatezoningplansforDelftZuidoostrequiredanStrategicEnvironmentalAssessment(SEA)report.SEAensuresthatenvironmentalconsiderationsareintegratedintothedecision-makingprocessforfuturezoningplans.TheSEAwasinitiatedon29January2010.Thefirsttest-bedstudy,‘Climateinthecity’(Klimaatindestad),andthe‘DelftMakesaSplash’(DelftSpettert)project,hadalreadystartedbythen.BothhelpedraiseawarenessontheimportanceofgreenandwaterelementsinDelftZuidoost.

TIC-DelftTICDelft1.0waspresentedinthespringof2011.TICDelftstandsfor‘TechnologicalInnovationCampusDelft’andexpressesthecity’sandtheuniversity’sambitiontoenhancetheknowledge-basedeconomyandtheinnovativestrengthoftheregion.TICDelftalsohasaspatialcontext,towhichthewholeareaofDelftZuidoostbelongs.TICDelft’sambitionistodesignasustainableinnovationcampus,i.e.onewhichisclimate-resilient,energy-neutralandwithasoundwaterbalance.TheGreen-Blueprojectshowsopportunitiesforaclimate-resilientdesignandarobustwaterstructure.ThemeasureslistedintheGreen-Blueprojectwillbefurtherdevelopedinsub-projectsofthespatialprogrammeofTICDelft2.0.

Second test-bed study ‘C l imate in the c i ty ’ and ‘ TEEB in the c ity ’ projectThesecond‘Climateinthecity’test-bedstudywassetupintheautumnof2011withfinancialaidfromtheMinistryofInfrastructureandEnvironment/DeltaProgramme.Delftalsoparticipatedinthe‘TEEBinthecity’projectoftheMinistryofEconomicAffairs,AgricultureandInnovation.The‘TEEBinthecity’projectbringsintoviewwhatthesocialcostsandbenefitsoftheentireGreen-Blueprojectare.Duringthetest-bedstudyworkshops,thespatialpossibilitiesforthreeoftheareaswerefurtherdeveloped,andthecostsandbenefitsoftheproposalsidentified.Thisfinalphaseledtotherealisationthatwaterandgreenelementscanalsobeeconomicallyattractive.

2010 2011

Green-Blue projectFollowingdraftingofthepreferredplanningalternativeintheSEAfortheurbanzoningplansatthebeginningof2011,integratedsolutionstomeetthegreenandwatertargetsneededtobefound.Tothisend,localstake-holdersworkedtogetherintheGreen-Blueproject.ThisresultedintheGreen-Blueopportunitymapcontaining180measures.Bylookingatthedistrictasawholeinsteadoftheseparatesub-areas,solutionshavebeendevisedthataremuchmore(cost)efficient.

1. SUMMARY > t imel ine

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1. SUMMARY > results

IntheGreen-Blueproject,existingmunicipalpolicyhasbeentranslatedintospecificmeasureswhichhavebeenclusteredintoprojects.Inthisway,themeasurescanbeintegratedwiththenewandongoingdevelopmentsintheareaordirectlyincorporatedintoanimplementationprogramme.

TheGreen-Blueprojecthasturnedouttobeasuccessfulwayofworkingthatcouldbeappliedinotherlocations.Theaddedvalueoftheprojectliesintwoaspects.Firstly,anarea’spotentialtorespondtoclimatechangewasstudiedindetail.Secondly,thiswasajointundertakingbythepartiesinvolved,ensuringthatitreflectedasmuchaspossibletheneedsandcapabilitiesofthepartieswhoinvolvedinredevelopmentofthearea.

Thishasproducedamethodthat,ontheonehand,providesflexibilityfordevelopersand,ontheotherhand,ensurestheambitionsofmunicipalpolicycanberealised. Opportunitymapwith180measures

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2. BACKGROUND > history of Delft Zuidoost

TherehavelongbeenplansfordensificationandurbanrenewalofDelftZuidoost.In2009,alawsuitledtothenullificationoftheTUNoordzoningplanbytheCouncilofState.InJanuary2010theCouncilofStateindicatedthatanEnvironmentalAssessmentreportwasneededfortheplan.

Situat ion in January 2010Whenallthesub-developmentsareaddedup,itappearsthatmorethan4,000newstudenthomesandhousesareplannedinthearea.Therearethreelocationswherethesedevelopmentscouldtakeplace.AspartoftheSEAproceduretheeffectsthatthevariousalternativeshaveonanumberofenvironmentalaspects,suchasthequalityofthelivingenvironment,waterandgreen,willbeassessed.Atthesametime,thereareinitiativesfromthegovernment,themunicipalityandwaterspecialiststoconductstudiesintothepossibilitiesofclimateadaptationinthearea.Atthattimethemunicipalityhadtwoimportantpolicydocumentsintheareaofwaterandgreen:theWaterStructureVisionandtheEcologyPlan.

Water Structure Vis ionTheWaterStructureVisionforDelftsetsoutthemunicipality’swaterpolicyforitsentireterritory.Adevelopmentprogrammespecifiestheimplicationsofthepolicyforeachsub-area.Itincludesalong-termplanwithaself-sufficientwatersystemforDelftZuidoost.

Ecology Plan 2004-2015IntheEcologyPlan,theMunicipalityofDelftdescribeshowitintendstopreserveanddevelopthediversityofnatureincomingyearstoensurequalityoflifeforitscitizens,inthecontextofongoingsocialandeconomicdevelopments.

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hetvoorkeursalternatief(VKA)uithetMER

2. BACKGROUND > SEA: bui lding targets , green and water

Bui lding targetsTheSEAassessestheproposedbuildingactivitiesinrelationtovariousenvironmentalaspectsinDelftZuidoost.Thebuildingtargetsinclude:>About5,000newhomes,ofwhich3,000studentapartments.>Projectsintheareaoftourism,businessdevelopmentandeducationalfacilities.

TheSEAcomparedvariousalternatives.DifferentbuildingsiteswereconsideredintheSEA,andtheireffectsongreen,waterandthequalityofthelivingenvironmentwerestudiedandcompared.TheSEAalsoexploreswhetherthedevelopmentsfitwithinmunicipalpolicy,includingtheWaterPlan(andWaterStructureVision),theEcologyPlanandtheDelftSustainabilityPlan.

Basedontheresultsofthestudy,theMostEnvironmentallyFriendlyPlanAlternativeandthePreferredPlanAlternativeweredetermined,whichdifferonlyslightlyfromeachother.ThePreferredPlanAlternative,combinesthetraffic,waterandecologicalstructureswiththeplannedbuildingtargets,whichhadnotbeendonebefore.

Green in the SEAIntheDelftEcologyPlan2004-2015,theMunicipalityofDelftformulatedtwoprimaryobjectivesforurbanecology:>Realisationanddevelopmentofahighqualityecologicalstructure.>Maintainingabalancedrelationshipbetweennatureandthebuiltenvironment,takingintoaccounttheaccessibilityandnaturalqualityofareas.

TheSEAteststhealternativesagainstbothprimaryobjectives:>TheSEAassumesthatDelft’sMainEcologicalStructurewillhavebeenrealisedinthereferenceyear(2023),butconcludes:“Atpresent,itcancertainlynotberuledoutthatDelftZuidoost’szoning-plantargetswillhaveaffectDelft’sMainEcologicalStructureadversely.”(SEA,p.157).>TheSEAshowsthatrelativelylittlegreenisaddedtothearea,whereas5,000homeswillbeadded.Therearealsoprojectsplannedinplaceswheregreenelementsarecurrentlypresent.“TheobjectiveformulatedintheEcologyPlan,of‘maintainingabalancedrelationshipbetweennatureandbuildings’willthereforebecompromised.”(SEA,p.159).TheSEAstatesthatcompensationandmitigationwillthereforeberequired.

Water in the SEATheSEAdescribesfourassessmentcriteriaforwater:retentioncapacity,waterquality,watersafetyandtheriskofgroundwaterflooding.TheSEAassumesthattheentirewaterstructureoftheWaterStructureVisionisincludedintheplanalternatives.Thereportobserves:“Basedontheavailableretentionat[awaterlevelincreaseof]30cmandtheincludedwatertargets,ashortageofapproximately35,000m3canbeexpectedforthenamedareas.Theshortagewillonlypartlyberesolved[bytheimprovementproposalsoftheWaterSystemAnalysisandWaterStructureVision].Ultimately,additionalmeasuresarenecessary.”(SEA,p.131/132).Theaforementionedimprovementproposalsonlyprovideanadditionalwaterretentioncapacityof7,000m3.Theseimprovementproposalshavenotyetbeenimplemented.

Green-Blue project as fol low-up of SEAInsum,theSEApointsoutthatthe‘mainstructures’forgreenandwater–Delft’sMainEcologicalStructureandtheWaterStructureVision–stillneedtoberealised.TheSEAalsoconcludesthatevenwhenthesemainstructuresarerealised,thetargetsforgreenandwaterwillnotbefullymet.TheGreen-Blueprojectaddressedthisgap.

SEA:PreferredPlanAlternative

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3. GREEN-BLUE > introduct ion

TheGreen-BlueprojectwassetuptodeviseintegratedsolutionsforthewaterandgreentargetsthatweredescribedintheSEA.

TheprojectisacollaborativeeffortbytheMunicipalityofDelft,TUReal-Estate,DUWO,TUNoordInterestGroup,DelflandWaterBoardandAMHousing.Togethertheydefinedthetargets,formulatedprojectedsolutionsandmappedoutpossiblemeasuresforincorporatinggreenandwater.Theprojectteamalsoparticipatedinthe‘TEEBinthecity’project,forwhichWitteveen&BoscarriedoutaSocialCost-BenefitAnalysisinordertogaininsightintothecostsandbenefitsofthegreenandbluemeasures.

Thetargets,theprojectedsolutions,thepossibilitiesandtheparticipationinthe‘TEEBinthecity’projectareaddressedbelow.

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3. GREEN-BLUE > water targetsThewatertargetscombinethefindingsoftheSEA,theresultsfromthefirsttest-bedstudyand‘DelftMakesaSplash’,themunicipality’spolicyfromtheWaterStructureVisionandtheinformationfromDelflandWaterBoard’sWaterCatchmentStudy.

Water retent ion capacityThewater-retentiontargetissetbytheWaterStructureVisionandtheSEAat35,000m3withanaveragewater-levelriseof30cm.Thisfigurewascalculatedusingtheso-calledABCstandardoftheDelflandWaterBoard:325m3/ha.Thisstandardindicatesthatifthereis325m3ofwaterretentioninanaverageurbanareaof1ha,thewaterwayswillnotfloodmorethanoncein100yearsonaverage.TheDelflandWaterBoard’sobjectiveisthatin2050theurbanareadoesnotfloodmoreoftenthanoncein100yearsonaverage.Thechanceoffloodingisnowhigher,theareasidentifiedintheso-called‘RubberBootMap’(Laarsjeskaart)mayfloodoncein10years.

Water qual i tyIndryperiods,thewatersysteminDelftZuidoostisrefreshedorreplenishedwithwaterfromtheSchiewaterways(the‘boezem’).Thequalityofthiswaterisnotoptimal.Toimprovewaterqualityinthearea,itisimportanttoretaincleanrainwaterforalongertimeandtokeepitclean.Thereareavarietyofmeasuresthatcouldcontributetothis.Forexample,thecreationofmoresurfacewaterbodiessothatrainwatercanberetainedforlonger,thedisconnectionofthesewersystemsothatsoiledsewagewaternolongerentersthewaterways,andthecreationofnature-friendlymarginsandbanks,whichwillimprovewaterquality.

S p a t i a l q u a l i t yThefirst‘Climateinthecity’test-bedstudyandthe‘DelftMakesaSplash’projectledtotherealisationthatthereismoretowaterthanjustthetechnicalcomponent.Waterthatcanbeseenandexperiencedbypeopleactuallycontributessignificantlytothequalityofthelivingenvironment.SolvingthewaterproblemandsimultaneouslyincreasingthequalityofthelivingenvironmenthasbeenexplicitlydefinedasatargetintheGreen-Blueproject.

FloodingThereisariskoffloodingintheareaduetoalackofcapacitytoretainwater.Rainwaterthatfallsonstreetsandroofsduringaheavydownfalliscollectedbythesewersystemandentersthewaterwaysintheareaviatheseweroverflows.Inparticular,thewaterretentioncapacityinthenorthernpartoftheareaistoosmalltoabsorballthatrainfall.Asaresult,thewaterwaysflood.Inaddition,theunder-groundconnectionsbetweentwowaterways(calledculverts)areoftentoosmall,sothatthewaterisunabletodischargequicklyenoughtothelowerlyingarea.Thethirdproblemisthatthesewersystemcollectsthemajorityofrainwaterandthenchannelsitintothewater-ways.Thesewersarenotdesignedtocopewithextremelyheavydownfalls,whichcanoccasionallyresultinexcesswaterremainingonthestreetsandevenflowingintohouses.Themapshownaboveisanadaptationoftheso-called‘RubberBootMap’(Laarsjeskaart)fromtheDelflandWaterBoard’sWaterCatchmentStudy.Itshowstheplaceswherefloodingcouldoccurandwheretheculvertsaretoosmall.

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3. GREEN-BLUE > green targets

ThegreentargetscombinethefindingsoftheSEA,theresultsfromthefirsttest-bedstudy,‘DelftMakesaSplash’,andthepolicyfromtheMunicipalityofDelft’sEcologyPlan.Thegreentargetsaddressmorethanecologyaloneandareapproachedfromdifferentperspectives:

Ecological greenTheaimistoenhanceDelft’sMainEcologicalStructure.Plantandanimalhabitatsareunderpressure.Theydependfortheirsurvivalonexistingcorridorsandareastheycancolonise.

Enjoyable greenMorepeople,residentsandusers,willbelivingandworkinginthearea.Morepeoplemeansmoredemandandnecessityforrecreational,enjoyablegreen.

Funct ional greenGreenalsohasanumberof‘functionalqualities’.Itcontributestothereductionofheatstressandtotheimprovementofairqualitybycapturingparticulates.

Economic greenGreencontributestoapleasantlivingandworkingenvironmentandtoproductivity.Itincreaseslivingenjoyment,andwithitpropertyvalues.Moreover,awell-designedgreenstructurepromotespublicsafety.

Green and the qual i ty of the l iv ing environmentManypartsDelftZuidoosthavebeencompletelypavedoverandbuilton.Thefuturebuildingtargetswillresultinevenlessroomforgreen.Areaswith‘hard’materials,suchasbuildingsandpaving,warmupmuchquickerthanareaswith‘soft’elements,suchasplants.ThemapaboveisanadaptationofmeasurementdatafromTNO(anindependentresearchinstitute).Itshowsthatthesurfacetemperatureofbuiltupareas(purple)cansometimesbe9degreeshigherthanareasrichintreesandplants(green).Inaddition,agreenenvironmentincreaseslivingenjoyment:everyonewantstoliveinastreetwithtrees.Greenrecreationalspacesinthevicinityenhancesocialcohesioninthedis-trictandinviteoutdoorexerciseandplay.Residentscanmaketheirownenvironmentgreener,smallmeasuresthatrequirelittleeffortoftenhavegreateffect.

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1. Add new waterAlotofwaterelementshavebeenadded,especiallytothenorthernarea,suchasapondintheKanaalhof,theJulianalaanandtheextensionofthewatersystemaroundJaffacemetery.

3. Effect ive use of the systemFindoutwhatisnecessaryandwhatispossibleforeacharea.Examples:makingmoreeffectiveuseoftheretentionareaaroundWatertuinenbyplacingweirs.

2. Robust water structureThenorthernareadrainsviatworoutesintothe‘roundabout’aroundJaffa,andfromthereviathreeroutestothedrainagechannelandpumpingstationontheBalthasarvanderPolweg.

0. Present s i tuat ion

3. GREEN-BLUE > solut ion alternat ives for water

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3. GREEN-BLUE > solut ion alternat ives for green

1. Green structuresTheexistinggreenstructureisstrengthenedwhenthecurrentlymissingsegmentsarecompletedandbymakingnewconnections,sothatanintricatenetworkiscreated.

3. Greening of sectorsStrengthenandsupplementgreenonasmallscale,appropri-atetothespatialstructuresofthatsector.Examplesaregreenroofs,residents’projectsandnestingboxes.

2. Green spacesNewparksarelaidout,forinstanceinWatertuinen,andtheecologicalqualityandexperienceofexistinggreenspaces,suchasKanaalhofandtheJaffacemetery,isimproved.

0. Present s i tuat ion

Themapindicatesthespeciesforwhichnewhabitatscanbecreated.

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nr. kans effect op groen‐ecologie effect op groen‐beleefbaar

effect op klimaatadaptatie

effect op waterberging effect op waterstructuur combinatie met een ontwikkeling 

technische haalbaarheid score effectiviteit

A2 Aanleg nieuwe waterpartij in de Kanaalhof, doorlopend in Botanische Tuin en op gebied achter Science Centre.

2 3 3 3 1 ontwikkeling Kanaalhof

goed 12

A12 Michiel de Ruyterweg: trambaantijdelijk inzaaien met bloemenmengsel 1 3 0 0 0 nee goed 4B6 Aanleg natuurvriendelijke oevers Prins Bernhardlaan en helofytenfilters aanplanten op 

overstortplaat gemengd riool.3 1 0 1 0 nee redelijk tot goed 5

C1 Bewonersprojecten opzetten m.b.t. water vasthouden: groene daken, afkoppelen van daken en tuinen en water opvangen in binnentuinen van bouwblokken. 

1 2 1 0 0 nee goed 4

C2 Bewonersprojecten opzetten m.b.t. vergroenen leefomgeving: groene daken, ontharden tuinen, geveltuinen, boomspiegels, nestvoorzieningen voor vogels, herinirchting besloten groengebiedjes. 

1 2 1 0 0 nee goed 4

K2 Realiseren van extra waterberging door aanleg van een wadi in het park. Deze wadi kan functioneren als een "droge" berging met een stuw die het water gereguleerd afvoerd naar het watersysteem. Zo veel mogelijk daken en verhard oppervlak afkoppelen op deze wadi.

0 0 0 3 0 ontwikkeling Watertuinen

goed 3

I5 Groene daken/daktuinen/verblijfsruimten aanleggen op alle geplande nieuwbouw. 1 3 2 1 0 ontwikkeling Midden‐West

goed 7

J14 Op het voormalig Bouwkunde‐terrein tijdelijk natuur geschikt voor buitensport/recreatie of recreatief functioneel zoals kwekerij, fruittuin of boomgaard. Mogelijk ook expositieterrein voor studentenprojecten. 

1 3 1 0 0 ontwikkeling voormalig Bouwkunde

goed 5

Project Groenblauw ‐ maatregelenmatrix Page 1 of 1 30 oktober 2011

3. GREEN-BLUE > measures

Opportunity map and measuresThealternativesolutionsforwaterandgreenwerejointlydevelopedinanopportunitymapandinalistofabout180differentmeasures.

Effect iveness, feasibi l i ty and costsThemeasureswerecomparedandscoredinordertoassesstheireffectiveness.Eachmeasurewasevaluatedagainstthecontributionitwouldmaketoecology,habitatquality,waterretention,waterstructureandclimateadaptation.Thetechnicalfeasibilitywasexaminedinordertoassessthepracticalityofthemeasures:isittechnicallyorspatiallypossibletoaddgreenelementsortomakeawaterway?Andcanmeasuresbeincludedinexistingprojects?(Creatingworkwithwork).Subsequently,anestimatewasmadeofthecostofeachmeasure.Thatestimatewasinitiallymadebythestakeholdersthemselvesandverifiedlaterwithexistingindicativefigures.Theeffectivenessofeachmeasure,combinedwithitstechnicalfeasibilityandcosts,resultsintheefficiencyofeachmeasure.Anumberofmeasuresappeartobeveryefficient:

Nature-fr iendly margins and banksNature-friendlymarginsandbanksscorehighonecology,greenexperienceandwaterretention,andarerelativelyinexpensivetorealiseandmanage.Nature-friendlymarginsandbanksareactuallymuchcheapertocreatethantimber-facedbanksorpavedquaysides.However,theydotakeupmorespace.

Green roofsGreenroofsorroofgardensscorewellonfourofthefivecriteria:theyofferapleasantenvironmentforpeople,plantsandanimals,captureparticulates,reducetheheatingoftheroof,retainrainwaterandprovidecoolingthroughrainwaterevaporation.Greenroofscanalsobewater-retaining.Forthis,theywouldneedtobeofacertainthickness,whichwouldalsomakethemalotmoreexpensive.Greenroofscanberecom-mendedinanysituation,whilewater-retaininggreenroofsareonlyrecommendedwhenwaterretentionisnotpossiblebyothermeans.

Biodivers ity measures Smallmeasuresforenhancingbiodiversityhaveagreatimpact,whilebeinginexpensiveorevenfreeofcost.Therightchoiceof(native)plantspeciesandtheplantingoffruit-bearingtreesandshrubswillattractinsects,birdsandothersmallanimals.Afurtherexampleistheplacingofnestingboxesandinsecthotels.

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overview of Green-Blue project benef its

increasedlivingenjoyment

reducedflooding

improvedairquality

increasedrecreation

increasedsecurity

reducedenergyconsumption

3. GREEN-BLUE > TEEB in the c ity

SCBA method for munic ipal i t iesTheMunicipalityofDelftsubmittedtheGreen-Blueprojectforthenationwideprogramme‘TEEBinthecity’.TEEBstandsfor‘TheEconomicsofEcosystemsandBiodiversity’,andisaninternationalcooperation.TheNetherlandsparticipatesintheinitiativethroughtheTEEB-NLprogramme.‘TEEBinthecity’ispartofTEEB-NLandisaprojectinvolving12municipalitiesandtheMinistryofEconomicAffairs,AgricultureandInnovation.Inthisprojectamethodisbeingdevelopedtopresentthesocialbenefitsofgreen-bluemeasuresatthemunicipallevel.Thisistoensurethatnotonlythecostsbutalsothesocialbenefitsareincludedwhendecidingonprojects.TheTEEBmethodisbasedonanSCBA(SocialCost-BenefitAnalysis)andconsistsofdifferentlayers.Itbeginswithanassessmentofthebenefits:whatarethesocialbenefitsofagreen-bluemeasure?Thenextlayerquantifiesandcalculatesthosebenefitsandinvestments.Athirdlayerthenexaminesfinancingconstructions,inwhichbenefitsandinvestmentsaredivided.

A posit ive SCBA for Delft ZuidoostThecostsandbenefitswerecalculatedforallofthemeasuresontheopportunitymap.Thestakeholdershadalreadymadeanestimateofthecosts,whichwerereviewedinthispartoftheprocess.Inthisphasethecostswereestimatedat17millioneuros.Witteveen&Bos(aconsultancy)calculatedthebenefitsaspartofthe‘TEEBinthecity’project.Theseweredividedinto6maingroups:livingenjoyment,flooding,airquality,recreation,socialsafetyandenergy.Therewerealsobenefitsthatwerenotcalculatedduetoalackofavailabledata.Theseincludeheatstress,productivityandbiodiversity.Thetotalbenefitswerecalculatedat27millioneuros.Thebenefits,therefore,workouttobemuchhigherthantheinvestments:calculatedproofthatGreen-BluewillmakeapositivecontributiontothedevelopmentsinDelftZuidoost.

Using TEEB in design sess ionsInthetest-bedstudyofautumn2011,threesub-areaswereanalysedfurtheranddesignedusingtheoutcomesmentionedearlierandtheTEEBworkingmethod.Lookingatthepotentialbenefitsinthiswayprovedtobeanalternativewayofthinkingthataddsanewdimensiontothedesignprocess:>Thinkingaboutthebenefitsandadvantagesinsteadofthecostsandlimitationscangeneratenewspatialsolutions.>Themethodalsolistsandquantifiesqualitiesthatareoftendifficulttograspconcretely,suchasairqualityandsocialsafety.Thealternativewayofthinking,however,doesnotdirectlysolvetheissueofinvestment.Theabilitytoreasonandcalculateintermsofsocialandfinancialbenefitsdoesnotactuallymeanthattheresponsibilitiesforinvestmentcostsaretherebysettled.TEEBappearstohavebeenaveryusefulstepintheGreen-Blueproject.Financingconstructions,however,willneedtobeexaminedfurther.

The calculated benef its of Green-Blue>Increasedlivingenjoyment:theincreaseinlivingenjoymentisreflectedinthevaluationofhousesandotherrealestate.Researchshowsthatthevalueofahousecanrisebyasmuchas11%whenthegardenbacksdirectlyontoastretchofwater.Also,whenaparkisaddedintheneighbourhoodthevaluerisesby6%.>Reducedflooding:animprovedwaterstructurewillreducefloodingandwillsavecosts(offlooddamageandclean-up).Watertreatmentcostswillalsobesavedwhencleanrainwaterisdrainedviasurfacewaterchannelsinsteadofthroughthesewersystem.>Improvedairquality:particulatesarecollectedbytrees,greenroofsandreedsinnature-friendlymarginsandbanks.Itisknownhowmanykilogramsofparticulatesthatatreeorasquaremetreofreedcancollectperyear.Throughacalculation,itispossibletotranslatethereductionintheamountofparticulatesintoanincreaseinhealth.>Increasedrecreation:peoplearewillingtopayforrecreationalexperiences,beitforpetrolforthejourneyorforawalkingguide.The‘value’isdeterminedbyhowmuchpeoplearewillingtopayforarecreationalvisit.Newrecreationalpossibilitiesinaneighbourhoodmeanthat‘recreationalvalue’isbeingadded.>Increasedsocialsafety:thisbenefitisexpressedthroughthesavingsmadeonremovalexpensesanddelinquencycosts,bothofwhicharereducedwhenthedistrict’sgreenstructureimproves.>Reducedenergyconsumption:thisconcernstheenergysavingsmadethroughtheinsulation-valueofgreenroofs.

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4. FOLLOW-UP > project gains

TheGreen-BlueprojectsimultaneouslydesignedandassessedthemeasuresthatcouldofferanintegratedsolutiontomeetthegreenandwatertargetsinDelftZuidoost.Whatisstrikinginthisprojectisitsdegreeofdepthandscope:180feasiblemeasureshavebeenlisted.Thatisextraordinary,sinceaspatialplanningprocessisoftenlimitedtoambitionsandgeneraldirectionsforsolutions.However,withoutfurtherdevelopmentofthese,policyimplementationoftenstagnatesatthelevelofgoodintentions.TheGreen-Blueprojectillustratestheaddedvalueofdescribingmeasuresconcretely,andinrelationtoeachother,inthespatialplanningvision.

Theaddedvalueisalsovisibleintheprocess.Thestakeholderscloselycollaboratedfromtheonsetoftheproject.Continuallyshowingwhattheconcretesolutionscouldbe,helpedthepartiesinvolvedunderstandwhattheconsequencesforanspecificareawouldbe.Thatdegreeofclarityandstakeholdercollaborationhasresultedinaplanthatiswidelyendorsed.

4. FOLLOW-UP > looking ahead

Nowthatthepossibilitiesandopportunitiesareclear,thefollow-upphaseneedstofocusontheactualrealisationofmeasures.Whichmeasurescanbelinkedtoexistinginfrastructureprojects,whichcanbeincludedinspatialandeconomicdevelopmentprojects,andwhichcanbeincludedinthestakeholders’implementationprogrammes?Whenconsideringthe(financial)implicationsinselectingwhichmeasurestoimplement,itisimportanttoalwayskeepinmindtheintegralrelationshipbetweenthemeasures.

Tosafeguardthisintegratedapproach,thestakeholderswillcontinuetocollaborateinthefollow-upphase.Notonlytofulfilthequantitativegreenandwatertargets,butalsobecauseagoodgreenandbluedevelopmentofDelftZuidoostcontributestoaninnovationcampuswithagoodqualitylivingenvironment.

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CREDITS

Green-Blue project :MunicipalityofDelft MaartjeScholten(projectleader) SjoerdEisenga DinyTubbing KarlaKampman BobvanderNol RobertSchneiderLUZarchitecten HeleenBothof(projectleader)DelflandWaterBoard JaapKorfTUDelft,DepartmentofRealEstate RonaldKuil FrankvanSchadewijkDUWO ArjoBoerstra JoostMulderAM&Staedion ErikRaadTUNoordInterestGroup PieterDelleman ErikvanHunnik Second ‘Cl imate in the c i ty ’ test-bed:MinistryofInfrastructureandEnvironment JanElsinga RoelTeeuwenMunicipalityofDelft MaartjeScholten(projectleader)LUZarchitecten HeleenBothof(projectleader)MBDSO MichielBrouwerBuroJA JanneskaSpoelmanWitteveen+Bos UrsulaKirchholtes

Publ icat ion:LUZarchitecten HeleenBothof(projectleader)MBDSO MichielBrouwer

Images:LUZarchitecten p1-p4,p7-p8,p10-p11,p15,p18,p20-p28, p30,p32,p34,p41-p42,p48,p50MunicipalityofDelft p6-p7,p16ScienceCentreTUDelft p35MBDSO p5,p7,p19,p38-p39BuroJA p33,p36-p37,p40opMAAT p6,p12-p13LoesKellendonkArchitectuur p144:69AMArchitecten p9EgbertGramsbergen p22

January 2012

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