grid software solutions smart grids

Imagination at work

Grid Software SolutionsSmart GridsPatricia GómezMay 5th, 2016

Grid SolutionsGrid Solutions, a GE and Alstom joint venture, is serving customers globally with over

20,000 employees in 80 countries. Grid Solutions equips 90% of power utilities worldwide to bring power reliably and efficiently from the point of generation to

end power consumers.Enabling renewables

and a diversified energy mix

Improving grid resiliency and energy

efficiency

Helping to meet growing energy

demands

Upgrading and digitizing aging infrastructure

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combined experience in providing advanced energy solutions

Over 200 years

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Power Electronics HV Equipment Grid Automation

A Key Element of Grid Solutions

High Voltage DCFlexible AC Transmission

SystemsReactive Power Compensation

Energy Storage

Power TransformersGas Insulated SubstationAir Insulated Substation

Capacitors & Voltage Regulators

Protection & ControlSubstation Automation

CommunicationsMonitoring & Diagnostics

Software Solutions

Projects & Services

Distribution & Outage Management

Energy Management SystemsGeospatial & Mobile SolutionsGas & Pipeline Management

Turnkey Projects & ConsultingElectric Balance of PlantHigh Voltage Substations

Maintenance & Asset Management

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© 2015 General Electric Company - All rights reserved

Strategic Grid Challenges

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Visualize the Digital Industrial


Greatest Engineering Achievements: Of the 20th Century

20. High-performance materials19.Nuclear technologies 18. Laser and fiber optics 17. Petroleum & petrochemical

technologies 16. Health technologies 15. Household appliances 14. Imaging 13. Internet 12. Spacecraft

11. Highways 10. Air conditioning & refrigeration 9. Telephone 8. Computers 7. Agricultural mechanization 6. Radio and television 5. Electronics 4. Water supply and distribution 3. Airplane 2. Automobile

As voted on by the prestigious US National Academy of Engineers - in 2001

#1. Electrification

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Smart Dispatch Market Drivers Society’s growing dependency on electricity• Looming risks of major system disturbances• Focus on reliable demand-supply balance & grid security

Global energy & environmental movement• Increasing presence of DER - Distributed Energy Resources (e.g. wind, DR, etc)• Operational challenges: DER performance uncertainties

Experiences from deregulated system operations• Established foundation for integrating demand-supply balance with grid security constraints (e.g.

LMP). • Identified emerging deficiencies in Dispatch Instructions

Unrelenting complexity in business & technical decision process

Smart devices/resources with distributed intelligence

Coordinated decision making

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Opportunities of Smart Grid ProjectsGeneration• Integration of more new renewable energy sources (wind and

solar)

Transmission• High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)• Modernize substation and other equipment

Distribution• Advanced Distribution Management Systems (ADMS)• Reduction in both technical and commercial losses• Faster service restorationMaximize Utilization of Critical Infrastructure• Use of transmission and distribution for communications


Today’s Power Grid

The power grid is one of the Most Complex & Immense, ‘7 x 24 must run”, engineering machines in existence today!


Major Sources of Grid Vulnerability

Natural calamitiesLine Overloads Equipment & Protection failuresCommunication failureFaultsHuman errorsInadequate security marginGaming in the marketSabotage/intrusion Missing information


Some challenges of grid management

Vulnerability assessment is a computationally intensive process

•Needs to be continually updated

Measurements are noisy or uncertain


Timeline of high impact blackouts History of Blackouts Region

Duration

People affected Initiating Event

9-Nov-65 NE US, NYC 14 hours 25M Faulty substation relay13-Jul-77 NYC 25 hours 8M Lightning1-Mar-89 Quebec & NY State 9 hours 6M Geomagnetic storm11-Mar-99 Sao Paolo, Brazil 5 hours 97M Lightning14-Aug-03 NE US (8 states), Canada upto a day 50M Line overload problems28-Sep-03 95% of Italy, Switzerland 18 hours 55M Line fault12-Jul-04 Greece varied 7M Heavy Load conditions1-Aug-05 Indonesia 5 hours 100M Grid imbalance

1-Nov-06 Germany, France, Italy, Spain varied 10M Line switching error

1-Feb-08 Chenzou, China 2 weeks 4M Winter storms10-Nov-09 Brazil & Paraguay 3 hours 67M Storms

10-Jul-12 India North 24 hours 370M Over-withdrawals, line overloads

31-Jul-12 India - 3 regions several hours 620M Over-withdrawals, line

overloads


The Reality We Face….

“Blackouts will occur again in the future”

Our power grid is too complex to make it fail-safe!!


So what is the Solution we seek.….?Contain an Initiating event to prevent a Cascading, failure of the grid!

And more importantly:How to Restore power to customers ASAP!


A Modern EMS Control Center


Today's Control Centers focus on: Reliability, Security, Economics, Efficiency

Control Centers manage the flow of energy in the grid:

• EMS manages the ‘physical flow’ of the higher voltage ‘transmission’ system

• DMS manages the ‘physical flow’ of the lower voltage ‘distribution’ system

• MMS manages the ‘financial flow’ amongst electricity market participants

2016 - GE Proprietary

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Economics ReliabilityBut: Reliability

Always Trumps Economics!

EMS Operators Objective

Reliability Economics


Three main EMS application areas1. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

a. Monitor power system conditions in real time (every 2-4 sec)b. Perform manual supervisory control actions

2. Generation Scheduling & Dispatcha. System load forecast (SLF) & Reserve Monitoringb. Generation/Interchange scheduling & Economic Dispatchc. Real-time automatic generation control (AGC)

a. A Smart Grid Application since the ‘70s!b. “Automatically ensure s that generation/load balance is maintained –

second by second”

3. Transmission Grid Managementa. State Estimation (SE) b. Real time contingency analysis (CA) for N-1 system security monitoringc. System Optimization:

a. Volt Var Control (VVC), Loss Minimization, Corrective controls

2016 - GE Proprietary

22EMS Functions

Communication Server Data Acquisition

Inter Control Center

CommunicationUser Interface

Real-Time Database

System Modeling

Historical Data Warehouse

System FunctionsSCADA

(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)

• SCADA• Loadshed• Historical Recording

NETWORK

• State Estimator

• Powerflow• Contingency

Analysis• Security

Enhancement• Optimal

Powerflow

GENERATION

• AGC• Study

Functions• Load

Forecast


Today’s grid is already ‘Smart’

•System-wide ‘Smarts’:1. EMS operator actions2. EMS Automatic generation Control (AGC)3. Automatic under/over voltage frequency shedding 4. Special grid protection schemes, RAS, SIPS, etc

•Regional ‘Smarts’:1. Volt-Var Control (VVC)2. Automatic under/over voltage load shedding

•Equipment ‘Smarts’:1. Relays for protection of individual power equipment:


The power grid is one of the Most Complex & Immense, ‘7 x 24 must run”, engineering machines in existence today!

Today’s grid is already Smart!Our challenge is to make tomorrow’s grid even

Smarter!


Current Challenges

RetiringWorkforce

Cyber-Security

IT Architecture& Services

New EquipmentPMU, FACTS, HVDC,

New Storage

System Scalability

From energy clusters to

large Interconnected grids

System Dynamics

Operating near to true real time llimits

Business Model Change

New regulations

EfficiencyDER, DG, MicrogridsDemand Response

SustainabilityRenewables

& CO2-free energy

Operator Displays from a Modern EMS


Dynamic Dashboard:Current area of interest


Contour: area Voltage

Query: station voltages

Flyout: SCADA 1-lines

Power flow animation

Integrated SCADA & GIS Displays


Voltage StabilityLocations & Controls


Where are the VAR sources?


The New SCADA Frontier

SCADA Data - Today Phasor Data (PMU) - Tomorrow

Refresh rate 2-5 seconds Refresh rate 30-60 samples/sec

Latency and skew Time tagged data, minimal latency

‘Older’ legacy communication Compatible with modern communication technology

Responds to quasi-static behavior Responds to system dynamic behavior

Frequency change means: Sudden Gen-Load MW imbalance

somewhere in the grid

Angle-pair change means:Sudden MW change in a

specific location of the grid

X-ray MRI

Courtesy EIPP, NASPI


The New SCADA Frontier

SCADA Data - Today Phasor Data (PMU) - Tomorrow

Refresh rate 2-5 seconds Refresh rate 30-60 samples/sec

Latency and skew Time tagged data, minimal latency

‘Older’ legacy communication Compatible with modern communication technology

Responds to quasi-static behavior Responds to system dynamic behavior

Frequency change means: Sudden Gen-Load MW imbalance

somewhere in the grid

Angle-pair change means:Sudden MW change in a

specific location of the grid

X-ray MRI

Courtesy EIPP, NASPI

Earlier Information

for Better Decisions


Today’s Grid Monitoring landscape is Changing

Real-time grid measurements will be 50-60 to 100-120 times faster!

“An Unprecedented Transformational Change”.

“MRI quality visibility of power systems compared to X-ray quality visibility of SCADA”. Terry Boston, CEO of PJM


PMU’s Costs are declining..

Ten Years Ago• Dedicated PMU

devices• Device cost: $25k to

$30k• Installation cost:

$100k

Today• Multi-functional

devices (relays, fault recorders)

• Device cost: $2k firmware upgrades and GPS clocks

• Installation cost: Minimal

Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X


Control Center - PDC

New

App

licat

ions

Oth

er E

MS

App

licat

ions SCADA & Alarms WAMS Alarms

State Estimator State Measurement

Small Signal Stability Oscillation Monitoring

Transient & Voltage Stability Stability Monitoring & Control

Island Management Island Detection, Resync, & Blackstart

EMS

MODEL-BASED Analysis

PhasorPointPMU

MEASUREMENT-BASED Analysis

Control Room Operations

The Next Generation Energy Management System!Transitioning from traditional “steady-state” view to enhanced “dynamic”

situational awareness.


Tomorrow’s Smarter Automation will include: Fast local and wide-area automated control!Develop protective schemes

that dynamically adapt to current power system conditions, to preserve the integrity of the “grid” as an entity.

Integrate fast sub-second measurements with fast sub-second controls (FACTS, HVDC, etc)

Dispatch the transmission system with FACTS, HVDC, etc


Real-time IT & Communication In the Cloud

Smart Grid : A Three-Level Architecture

The Traditional Electrical Grid

New Capabilities, New Technologies & New Equipment

The Future Smarter Grid :Adding intelligence to the traditional energy grid

grid software solutions smart grids

Economy & Finance