Criterion – 4Site Imperviousness

Factor

INTRODUCTION Impervious surfaces are mainly constructed surfaces--rooftops, sidewalks,

roads, and parking lots--covered by impenetrable materials such as asphalt, concrete, and stone . These materials effectively seal surfaces, repel water and prevent precipitation water from infiltrating soils.

Environmental effects of impervious surfaces

The pavement materials seal the soil surface, eliminating rainwater infiltration and natural groundwater recharge

Impervious surfaces collect solar heat in their dense mass. When the heat is released, it raises air temperatures, producing urban "heat islands", and increasing energy consumption in buildings.

Impervious pavements deprive tree roots of aeration, eliminating the "urban forest" and the canopy shade that would otherwise moderate urban climate. Because impervious surfaces displace living vegetation, they reduce ecological productivity, and interrupt atmospheric carbon cycling.

Mitigation of environmental impacts Impervious surface coverage can be limited by restricting land use density

(such as number of homes per acre in a subdivision), but this approach causes land elsewhere (outside the subdivision) to be developed, to accommodate growing population.

Alternatively, urban structures can be built differently to make them function more like naturally pervious soils; examples of such alternative structures are porous pavements, green roofs and infiltration basins.

Rainwater from impervious surfaces can be collected in rainwater tanks and used in place of main water.

A number of concrete manufacturers have begun producing permeable materials which partly mitigate the environmental impact of conventional impervious concrete.

IntentHigh imperviousness on site leads to rapid runoff of rainwater, reduces urban rainwater recharge and contributes to conditions of urban flooding. The intent of this criterion is to ensure implementation of site design measures which assist in reduction of overall site imperviousness factor.

Appraisals:

Net Imperviousness factor of site meets the NBC 2005 norms. (1 point)

Compliances Submit calculations demonstrating compliance with Net Imperviousness

Factor of NBC 2005

Net paved area(%)= Net impervious area on ground (sq m) x 100 (eq-1) total site area minus building footprint (sqm) Impervious paved area on site to include parking, driveway, sidewalks,

roads, plaza and walkways. Excludes areas that have pervious paving (like grass pavers, open grid pavement and gravel paving). Total site area is an area of plot used for calculation of floor area ratio/ floor space index.

Net imperviousness of site (sqm)= Surface area x Runoff coefficient (eq-2)

Imperviousness (%)= Net imperviousness of the site as per Equation 2 (sqm) x 100 (eq-3) total site area (sqm)

Criterion -10Low ODP materials

INTRODUCTION

Substances containing chlorine (or bromine) contribute to the breakdown of the ozone layer in the stratosphere, resulting in harmful UV radiation reaching earth’s surface, and thus contributing to global climate change.

Such substances are mainly used in refrigerating and air-conditioning equipment, fire suppression systems and extinguishers, and in insulation.

OZONE DEPLETING POTENTIAL

Ozone depleting substances vary in their capacity to destroy ozone molecules, so scientists have developed a method for characterizing the relative depletion caused by different ODS.

Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP) is the ratio of calculated ozone column change for each mass unit of a gas emitted into the atmosphere relative to the calculated depletion for the reference gas CFC 11 (ODP = 1.0).

This allows different chemicals to be compared using a common unit (CFC 11-equivalents). For example, a chemical such as Halon 2402 (ODP = 6) is six times more detrimental to the stratospheric ozone layer than CFC 11.

INTENT Eliminate or control the release of ozone-depleting substances into the

atmosphere. The ozone depleting materials commonly used in buildings are CFCs or HCFCs in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, halons in fire suppression systems and extinguishers, and in insulation.

Use insulation with zero-ODP (ozone depletion potential) such as HCFC-free rigid foam insulation, mineral fibre cellulose insulation, glass fibre, wood fibre board, cork wool, expanded (bead) polystyrene, recycled newspaper, and jute and cotton.

Avoid materials that do not inherently have a zero-ODP, such as polyurethane foams.

Cork wool boardHCFC free Insulation board

APPRAISALS

All the insulation used in building should be CFCs and HCFCs free – Mandatory

All the refrigerant in the HVAC and refrigeration equipment should be CFCs free – Mandatory

The fire suppression systems and fire extinguishers installed in the building are free of halon – Mandatory

COMPLIANCES

Submit specification sheets & purchase orders (reflecting full quantities) highlighting that the insulation, HVAC system, refrigeration equipment and fire fighting systems comply with the given appraisals

A certificate from the manufacturer/supplier, signed by the architect or the engineer, stating that 100% of the insulation used in the building is free of CFCs and HCFCs.

Criterion - 16Water quality

INTRODUCTION

Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, biological, and radiological characteristics of water. It is a measure of the condition of water relative to the requirements of one or more biotic species and or to any human need or purpose.

Water quality is a growing concern throughout the developing world. Drinking water sources are under increasing threat from contamination, with far-reaching consequences for the health of people and for the economic and social development of communities and nations.

CATEGORY

The parameters for water quality are determined by the intended use. Work in the area of water quality tends to be focused on water that is treated for human consumption, industrial use, or in the environment.

In Griha two aspects of water quality are considered one is to ensure the desired quality of potable water whatever may be the source of supply and the other aspect of water quality is for treated water.

SOLUTION Potable water quality standards• Water is usually tasteless, odor less, colorless, and a liquid in its pure state. But,

water is one of the best naturally occurring solvents present on the earth and almost any substance will dissolve in it to some degree. This is why it is seldom found in its 'pure‘ state and usually contains several impurities (gases, solids, color)

• Drinking water for human beings should contain some level of minerals (TDS), but these levels should not be excessive. The standard that is applicable in India is the BIS 10 500-1991 standard. This standard uses the WHO standard as the basis and has been amended subsequently to take into account the fact that over exploitation of groundwater, which has the largest share of water supplied for human use.

• The Bureau of India Standards (BIS) standard applies to the purity level acceptable for human consumption. For practically all industrial and some commercial uses, the purity level required is very high, and in most cases, demand water with virtually no residual dissolved solids at all.

Intent

Ensuring quality of water available for use during building operation is important from two perspectives – overall hygiene for building occupants as well as longevity of plumbing systems.

It is also important to ensure that the water being discharged from the site meets the relevant disposal norms.

The intent of this criterion is to ensure that the water being used in the project meets the relevant national standards.

Appraisals

Water used for various purposes like drinking, irrigation etc. shall conform to the BIS standards - Mandatory

The STP(sewage treatment plant) installed on site meets the CPCB (central pollution control board) norms – 2 points BIS 10 5000 standards for drinking

water

Essential characteristics

General Parameters Concerning Substances

Undesirable in Excessive Amounts

Parameters Concerning Toxic Substances

Water quality criteria for irrigation Total Salt Concentration .

It is expressed as the electrical conductivity (EC). In relation to hazardous effects of the total salt concentration, the irrigation water can be classified into four major groups as given in Table

Water quality rating based on the total salt concentration

Boron content

Boron, though a nutrient, becomes toxic if present in water beyond a particular level In relation to boron toxicity“ the irrigation water quality rating is given in Table

Water quality rating based on boron content

Residual sodium carbonate

Sodium Adsorption Ratio

COMPLIANCES 1: Submit potable water quality, treated waste water and captured rainwater quality

details from various sources before and after treatment (if required) - from an NABL accredited laboratory on the quality of potable water

2: Submit narrative (including capacity of water treatment) of the type of treatment plant installed on site along with plumbing drawings of the system

3: Submit the specification details indicating the capacity and components of the water treatment plant along with drawings (product details from the manufacturer)

4: Submit document indicating the quantum of treated water generated along with the use/disposal steps

5: Submit narrative on disposal and reuse of other by-products such as sludge

Thank you