guidelines for effective and sustainable recycling of construction...

SESSION 8 : Management of construction waste: LCA and complex system modelling

Politecnico di Milano, Italy, Department of architecture, built environment and construction engineering (ABC)

Guidelines for effective and sustainable recycling of construction and demolition waste

Serena Giorgi, Monica Lavagna, Andrea Campioli

Giorgi S., Lavagna M., Campioli A. Politecnico di Milano - Department of architecture, built environment and construction engineering

Amount of CDW in EU-28 and the material waste composition01

Current percentage of reuse and recycling02

Type of recycling : destination of waste03

Policies and incentives of some Member State 04

Objective:

to define the effectiveness of the Directive and possible guidelines of improvement through a Life Cycle approach.

05


Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC)70% reuse and recycling in terms of weight, within 2020

COM 433

COM 398COM 445

COM 614

Circular economy package

2012

2014

2015

2016

2008

Construction 2020 strategy


0 50.000.000 100.000.000 150.000.000 200.000.000 250.000.000

FRDEUKNLITATBEESPLFIDKCZSELUHUIEPTSKBGMTROSIEECYHRELLVLT

Amount of CDW in EU-28 and the material waste composition01

total CDW yearly produced

33,5% construction

29,8% mining, quarrying9,8%

manufacturing

8,1% households

3,7% energy

8,8% waste and water

3,8% services

2,5% other economic activities

Source: Eurostat, 2016

waste generated by economic activities

250.000.0000 Tonne


Excluding the soil portion, 60-70% (by weight) of CDW is composed by concrete and masonry, followed by minor percentages of asphalt, wood, metal, gypsum and plastic.Source: Bio Intelligent Service, 2011.

51% soil waste

32% mineral waste

1% wood waste

1% glass, paper,rubber, plastic

13% mixed and undifferentiat waste

2% metal waste(ferrous and non ferrous)

non-hazardous waste_construction activity Amount of CDW in EU-28 and the material waste composition01

Source: Eurostat, 2016


EU-28

87%

35%

58%

95%

86%87%

92%

63%

96%88%

3%

81%

97%

76%

88%

98%92%

37%

84%

50%

Directive 2008/98/CE express the percentage by weight, it doesn’t value the best material to be recycled in terms of effectiveness and sustainability, but only heavier ones.

The recycling rate includes rate of preparation of reuse, recycling and other forms of material recovery, as well as backfilling, that is not an high quality recycling.

Source: Bio Intelligence Service, 2011

Current percentage of reuse and recycling02


Source: rielaboration of IDEA Consult data

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE

COLLECTION OF WASTE

BACKFILLING

DISPOSE LANDFILL

71%

11%

18%

SEPARATION CRUSHING

VIRGIN MATERIAL

INDUSTRIES: - CONCRETE- CERAMICS - BRICKS - GYPSUM

6%

94%

UPC

YC

LIN

G

DO

WN

CY

CLI

NG

METAL, WOOD, PLASTICS, OTHER

MINERAL WASTE

- FILLER- MIXED INERT- GRAVEL- SAND

ROAD WORKS, SUBSTRATE, FILLING

Flowchart of CDW at european level

Type of recycling: destination of waste03


Legislative instruments before WFD:• 1996 national ban on landfilling of CDW material; Legislative instruments after WFD:• Management of Municipal Wastes • Obligations for selective demolition. Non-Legislative instruments: • recycled material in calls for tenders;• demolition performed by certified companies. • DGNB encourages recycling with particular criteria regarding CDW.

Legislative instruments before WFD:• 1994 sets the waste hierarchy;• waste regulations (landfills and waste bans). Legislative instrumentsafter WFD:• 2010 Law on environmental taxes, Law on economic offenses. Non-Legislative instruments: • pre-demolition audits, • selective demolition•“passport” for buildings

GE

RM

AN

Y98%CDW recycling

96% CDW recycling

Policies and incentives of some Member State 04

THE

NE

THE

RLA

ND


extractionof natural resources

production

buildingoccupancy/maintenance

end-of-life

reuse/ recycledisposal

Life Cycle

Sustainable recycling management approach of Life Cycle Management LCA and LCC.

OBJECTIVEto suggest sustainable guidelinesTO WHO?legislative operators, and local authorityHOW?application of Life Cycle Thinking approach in the best practices

UPCYCLING OF WASTE

EFFECTIVE SUSTAINABLE MARKET

Guidelines for sustainable recycling management 05



• to look at QUALITY rather than QUANTITY: value the best material to be recycled in terms of effectiveness and SUSTAINABILITY, not heavier ones;

• to improve the WASTE HIERARCHY: with an ASSESSMENT of quality of recovery (support by LCA and LCC);

• to reassess the inclusion in the percentage (70%) of recycling rate LOW QUALITY RECYCLING (as backfilling) and PREPARING FOR RE-USE (only storage of material to check, clean or for repair recovery operations, untill the real recovery stage).

Regarding legislative improvements:



• to improve SELECTIVE DEMOLITION;

• to use restrictive PRE-DEMOLITION AUDIT: to have the information about the consistency and quality of material; in order to evaluate the ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT with a LCA and the MARKET OPPORTUNITIES with LCC approach before deconstruct a building.

• to use mandatory BUILDING PASSPORT and MATERIAL PASSPORT (for new construction): encouraging the use of Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)

• to apply mandatory ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA in GPP on WASTE MANAGE-MENT: to improve waste recovery and sustainability through LCA benchmarks of buildings.

With regard to non-legislative action of local authorities:



• to increase skills and knowledge to eliminate the LACK OF CONFIDENCE in the quality of MATERIALS from recycled construction and demolition waste;

• to support PROFESSIONAL TRAINING of the operators within the demolition sector;

• to use ENVIRONMENTAL LABELING of recycled (and non-recycled) products to encourage awareness and stimulate a sustainable waste market.

To overcome the obstacles created by the lack of consumer and operator awareness:


Thanks

CONTACTS:[email protected]

[email protected]@polimi.it

guidelines for effective and sustainable recycling of construction...

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