\\\\ gulmkerdis romeli fascia uqmnis kafsulas sarZeve jirkvals?\\\ gulmkerdis sakuTari fascia\\ zedapiruli\\\ mkerd-laviwis\\\ gulmkerdis SigniTa

\\\\ sad mdebareobs zorgiusis limfuri kvanZi?\\\ laviwis qveS mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis ukan\\\ mkerdis SigniTa arteriis gayolebaze\\\ iRliis fosos centrSi\\ mkerdis didi kunTis qveda kidis qveS III neknis doneze

\\\\ romel ganakveTebs iyeneben Cirqovani mastitebis dros?\\ radialurs da rkalovans\\\ rkalovans da gaswvrivs\\\ jvaredins da gaswvrivs\\\ gaswvrivs da ganivs

\\\\ romel warmonaqmnebs amokveTen ZuZusTan erTad radikaluri masteqtomiisdros:\\\ mkerdis did kunTs da beWqveSa SemaerTebel qsovils limfur kvanZebTanerTad\\\ mkerdis did kunTs, mkerdis mcire kunTs da beWqveSa SemaerTebelqsovils limfur kvanZebTan erTad\\ mkerdis did da mcire kunTebs, iRliis, laviwqveSa da beWqveSaSemaerTebel qsovilsa da limfur kvanZebs\\\ kans, kanqveSa cximovan qsovils da sakuTar fascias

\\\\ gulmkerdis kedlis romel SreSia ganlagebuli neknTaSua sisxlZarRvebida nervebi?\\\ mkerdis fasciis qveS\\ neknTaSua kunTebs Soris\\\ plevris pariesul da viscerul furclebs Soris\\\ zedapiruli fasciis qveS

\\\\ romel arterias gamoeyofa gulmkerdis SigniTa arteria?\\\ iRliis\\ laviwqveSa\\\ saerTo saZile\\\ aortis rkals

\\\\ gulmkerdis kedlis romel SreSia moTavsebuli gulmkerdis SigniTaarteriis dasawyisi?\\\ subpeqtoralur qsovilSi\\\ neknTaSua kunTebs Soris\\\ neknTaSua kunTebsa da pariesul plevras Soris\\ SigniTa neknTaSua kunTebsa da gulmkeridis SigniTa fascias Soris

\\\\ rogor mdebareobaSia avadmyofi plevris punqciis dros?\\\ wevs gverdze\\\ wevs mucelze\\ avadmyofi zis, xeli punqciis mxareze aweuli aqvs\\\ naxevradmjdomare, xeli punqciis mxareze daweuli aqvs

\\\\ neknis romel kideze xdeba Cxvleta plevris punqciis dros?\\ neknis zeda kideze\\\ neknis qveda kideze\\\ neknebs Soris\\\ yvela zemoT CamoTvlil adgilas

\\\\ romel neknTaSua sivrceSi keTdeba uxSiresad plevris punqcia:\\ VII an VIII neknTaSua sivrceSi\\\ I da II neknTaSua sivrceSi\\\ XI da XII neknTaSua sivrceSi\\\ IX da X neknTaSua sivrceSi

\\\\ rogor unda gamoviRoT plevris Rrudan siTxe:\\\ rac SeiZleba swrafad\\\ swrafad da 1 saaTiani intervalebiT\\ nela da nawil-nawil\\\ siTxis nawils gamoviRebT, xolo did nawils davtovebT plevris RruSi

\\\\ ramdeni unda iyos gamoRebuli siTxis raodenoba plevris punqciis dros:\\ ar unda aRematebodes 1 litrs\\\ ar unda aRematebodes 2 litrs\\\ gamoviRebT 2,5 litrs da gavagrZelebT gamoRebas\\\ ar unda aRematebodes 10 grams

\\\\ rogor keTdeba neknis tipuri rezeqcia:\\\ neknis rezeqcia xdeba neknTaSua kunTebTan erTad\\\ neknis rezeqcia xdeba neknTaSua sisxlZarRvebis gadaskvnis Semdeg\\\ neknis rezeqcia xdeba ZvlissazrdelasTan erTad\\ neknis rezeqcia keTdeba subperiostulad

\\\\ sad avleben kanis ganakveTs neknis rezeqciis dros:\\\ sarezeqcio neknis qvemoT\\\ sarezeqcio neknis zemoT 10 sm\\ sarezeqcio neknis gaswvriv\\\ neknis vertikalurad

\\\\ rogor ikveTeba Zvlisazrdela neknis rezeqciis dros?\\\ rkalovani\\\ sworxazovani\\\ ganivi\\ h-magvari

\\\\ gulmkerdis kedlis romeli anatomiuri Sre unda iyos dazianebuli, romWrilobas erqvas SeRweuli?\\\ kani\\\ kani da kanqveSa qsovili\\\ kani, kanqveSa qsovili da kunTebi\\ yvela zemoT CamoTvlili, gulmkerdis SigniTa fascia da pariesuliplevra

\\\\ romeli Sre gamoyofs gulmkerdis kedels gulmkerdis Rrusgan?\\\ pariesuli plevra\\ gulmkerdis SigniTa fascia\\\ plevriswina cximovani qsovili\\\ neknebi da neknTaSua kunTebi

\\\\ ramdeni serozuli Rrua gulmkerdis RruSi?\\\ erTi\\\ ori\\ sami\\\ oTxi

\\\\ romel geometriul figuras mogvagonebs marjvena da marcxena pariesuliplevris wina sazRvari?\\\ marTkuTxeds\\\ samkuTxeds\\\ ormxrivamozneqil linzas\\ qviSis saaTs

\\\\ romeli neknis donezea pariesuli plevris qveda sazRvari xerxemlisxazze?\\\ me_10 neknis doneze\\ me_12 nekndan 1,5sm-iT qveviT\\\ me_11 neknis qveda kideze\\\ me_7-8 neknis doneze

\\\\ plevris sinusebidan romelia yvelaze didi da Rrma?\\\ marjvena SuasaZgid_Suasayris\\\ wina nekn-Suasayris\\ nekn_SuasaZgidis\\\ nekn_Suasayris

\\\\ pnevmoToraqsis ra saxeebs icnobT?\\ Ria, daxuruli, sarqvlovani\\\ mxolod daxuruli\\\ kombinirebuli da arakombinirebuli\\\ spontanuri da gavrcelebuli

\\\\ romeli saxis pnevmoToraqsis dros aRiniSneba mZime cvlilebebi?\\ Ria da sarqvlovani\\\ daxuruli da kombinirebuli\\\ sarqvlovani da gavrcelebuli\\\ spontanuri da kombinirebuli

\\\\ ra mimarTulebiT unda gafarTovdes gulmkerdis Wriloba misipirveladi qirurgiuli damuSavebisas?\\\ vertikaluri mimarTulebiT\\\ horizontaluri mimarTulebiT\\\ mimarTulebas ara aqvs mniSvneloba\\ neknebis mimarTulebiT

\\\\ ra mizniT keTdeba vago_simpaTikuri blokada gulmkerdis Wrilobisdros?\\\ gautkivarebis\\\ hipoqsiis Sesamcireblad\\ plevro_pulmonuri Sokis Tavidan asacileblad\\\ pnevmoniis profilaqtikisaTvis

\\\\ I rigis nakeriT romeli qsovilebi ikereba Ria pnevmoToraqsis dros?\\\ pariesuli plevra\\\ gulmkerdis yvela kedeli\\\ gulmkerdis SigniTa fascia\\ pariesuli plevra, gulmkerdis SigniTa fascia, Zvlisazrdela, neknTaSuakunTebi

\\\\ rogori SeiZleba iyos gulmkerdis Rrus organoebTan operaciulimidgoma?\\ eqstraplevruli da transplevruli\\\ mxolod transplevruli\\\ eqstraperitonuli\\\ transperitonuli

\\\\ rogoria ganakveTi wina-gverdiTi “tipuri” Torakotomiis dros?\\\ VII neknTaSua sivrceSi\\\ mkerdis Zvlis wina zedapirze\\\ parasternul xazze II neknidan III neknamde\\ IV an V neknTaSua sivrceSi parasternuli xazidan iRliis ukana xazamde

\\\\ rogoria ganakveTi ukana-gverdiTi Torakotomiis dros?\\\ iRliis Sua xazze III neknidan V neknamde\\\ xerxemlis xazze III malis wvetiani morCidan XII neknamde\\ paravertebrul xazze III-V malebis wvetiani morCidan iRliis wina xazamde\\\ paravertebrul xazze III-V malebis wvetiani morCidan neknTa rkalamde

\\\\ rodis iyeneben wina-gverdiT “tipur” Torakotomias?\\\ filtvis wina nawilTan midgomis dros\\\ filtvis ukana nawilTan midgomis dros\\\ filtvis fesvTan midgomisaTvis\\ yvela pasuxi sworia

\\\\ lareis wesiT gulis perangis Cxvletis dros sad xorcieldeba Cxvleta\\\ muclis swori kunTis zeda mesamedSi\\\ maxvilisebr morCsa da marjvena VII neknis xrtilis Soris mdebarekuTxeSi\\\ maxvilisebr morCsa da Wips Soris manZilis SuaSi\\ maxvilisebr morCsa da marcxena VII neknis xrtils Soris mdebare

kuTxeSi

\\\\ rogor SeiZleba ganxorcieldes operaciuli Careva gulsa da msxvilsisxlZarRvebze:\\ eqstraplevruli da transplevruli midgomiT\\\ epigastriumis midamodan midgomiT\\\ beWisa da iRliis wina xazebs Soris gavlebuli ganakveTiT\\\ medioklavikulur xazze gavlebuli vertikaluri ganakveTiT

\\\\ gulze operaciuli Carevis dros rogor SeiZleba ganxorcieldeseqstraplevruli midgoma:\\ gaswvrivi sternotomiiT\\\ epigastriumis midamodan midgomiT\\\ meoTxe neknTaSua sivrceSi gavlebuli ganakveTiT\\\ meoTxe neknTaSua sivrceSi gavlebuli ganakveTiT da sternotomiiiT

\\\\ sad gatardeba ganakveTi gulze transplevruli midgomis dros:\\\ marjvena III an IV neknTaSua sivrceSi\\\ marcxena III an IV neknTaSua sivrceSi\\ marcxena IV an V neknTaSua sivrceSi\\\ marjvena VII neknTaSua sivrceSi

\\\\ romeli nemsiT keraven gulis Wrilobas:\\\ samwaxnagiani nemsiT\\\ deSanis nemsiT\\\ reverdenis nemsiT\\ atravmuli nemsiT

\\\\ ramdeni unda iyos daSoreba kvanZebs Soris gulis Wrilobis gakervisdros:\\\ 2,5 sm\\\ 1 sm\\\ 1.5 sm\\ 0.5 sm

\\\\ romel sakerav masalas iyeneben gulis Wrilobis gasakerad:\\\ ketguts\\ abreSums\\\ tantalis samagrebs\\\ cxenis Zuas

\\\\ romeli mxridan ufro mizanSewonilia operaciuli midgoma saylapavmilTan misi qveda nawilis rezeqciisaTvis da sad gatardeba ganakveTi:\\\ marcxnidan X neknTaSua sivrceSi\\ marcxnidan VI-VII neknTaSua sivrceSi\\\ marjvnidan II neknTaSua sivrceSi\\\ X neknTaSua sivrceSi

\\\\ romeli mxridan ufro mosaxerxebelia operaciuli midgoma saylapavmilTan misi zeda da Sua nawilebis rezeqciisaTvis da sad gatardebaganakveTi:\\\ marcxena mxidan neknTa rkalis gaswvriv gavlebuli ganakveTiT\\\ marjvena mxridan, neknTa rkalis gaswvriv gavlebuli ganakveTiT\\\ marjvena mxridan II neknTaSua sivrceSi gavlebuli ganakveTiT\\ marjvena mxridan V-VI neknTaSua sivrceSi gavlebuli ganakveTiT

\\\\ rogori TanmimdevrobiT daamuSaveben filtvis fesvis elementebspulmoneqtomiis dros:\\ jer filtvis arterias, Semdeg_venebs, bolos_bronqs\\\ jer bronqs, Semdeg_venebs, xolo Semdeg_filtvis arterias\\\ jer arteriasa da venebs gadaskvnian erTad, Semdeg daamuSaveben bronqs\\\ jer daamuSaveben filtvis venebs, Semdeg_bronqs, bolos_arterias

\\\\ romel kunTs iyeneben gulmkerdis kedlis defeqtis daxurvisas mis zedanawilSi?\\\ zurgis uganieres da mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTebi\\\ wina dakbilul kunTs\\ mkerdis didi da zurgis uganieres kunTebs\\\ mkerdis mcire da muclis swor kunTebs

\\\\ ramdeni wilia marjvena filtvSi?\\\ ori\\ sami\\\ oTxi\\\ xuTi

\\\\ ramdeni wilia marcxena filtvSi?\\ ori\\\ sami\\\ oTxi\\\ xuTi

\\\\ romeli elementia marjvena filtvis fesvSi yvelaze zemoT?\\\ filvis vena\\\ filtvis arteria\\ mTavari bronqi\\\ diafragmis nervi

\\\\ romeli elementia marcxena filtvis fesvSi yvelaze zemoT?\\\ filtvis vena\\\ mTavari bronqi\\ filtvis arteria\\\ diafragmis nervi

\\\\ romel elements ukavia wina-qveda mdebareoba marcxena da marjvenafiltvis fesvSi?\\\ mTavari bronqi\\\ filtvis arteria\\\ erT-erTi bronquli arteria\\ filtvis venebi

\\\\ ramdeni bronq-filtvis segmentia marjvena da marcxena filtvSi?\\\ xuTi\\\ eqvsi\\ aTi\\\ rva

\\\\ romeli organoa wina da ukana Suasayris sazRvarze?\\\ aorta\\\ saylapavi\\ sasule da mTavari bronqebi\\\ mkerdukana jirkvali

\\\\ ramdeni toti gamoeyofa aortis rkals?\\\ xuTi\\\ ori\\\ oTxi\\ sami

\\\\ romeli anatomiuri warmonaqmnebia zemo Rru venis marjvena mxares.\\\ marjvena filtvis fesvi, aortis rkali\\\ marjvena cTomili nervi, marjvena simpaTikuri wveli\\ marjvena diafragmis nervi, Suasayris plevra da filtvi\\\ gulmkerdis sadinari, marjvena cTomili nervi

\\\\ sad proecirdeba aswvrivi aortis dasawyisi nawili?\\\ marjvena I neknis xrtilis mkerdis ZvalTan mimagrebis adgili\\ mkerdis Zvlis marjvena naxevarSi III neknTaSua sivrceSi\\\ marcxena III neknis xrtilis mkerdis ZvalTan mimagrebis adgili\\\ mkerdis Zvlis marcxena IV neknis doneze

\\\\ romeli nervebia aortis rkalis wina marcxena zedapirze ganlagebuli?\\\ marjvena cTomili nervi da ena-xaxis nervi\\ marcxena cTomili da diafragmis nervebi\\\ marcxena diafragmis nervi da simpaTikuri wveli\\\ marjvena diafragmis nervi da xorxis zeda nervi

\\\\ ra doneze gamoeyofa cTomil nervs xorxis marcxena Sebrunebuli nervi?\\\ aortis rkalis zeviT\\\ aortis rkalis win\\ aortis rkalis qveda kideze\\\ yvela zemoTCamoTvlil doneze

\\\\ ra doneze gamoeyofa cTomil nervs xorxis marjvena Sebrunebuli nervi?\\\ marjvena laviwqveSa arteriis zeda kidesTan\\ marjvena laviwqveSa arteriis qveda kidesTan\\\ filtvis fesvis doneze\\\ mxar-Tavis Reros gamosvlis adgilas

\\\\ diafragmis nervebi filtvis fesvis romel zedapirs gadakveTen?\\ wina\\\ ukana\\\ zeda\\\ qveda

\\\\ gulis perangis Cxvletis romeli wesia yvelaze usafrTxo?\\ lareis wesi\\\ kuSingis wesi\\\ delafuas wesi\\\ kurSmanis wesi

\\\\ gulis Wrilobis gakervis dros saWiroa Tu ara Wrilobis kideebisamokveTa?\\ ar aris saWiro\\\ Wrilobis kideebis amokveTa aucilebelia\\\ saWiroa daJeJili Wrilobis dros\\\ Wrilobis kideebis amokveTa damokidebulia Wrilobis zomebze

\\\\ SeiZleba Tu ara gulis Wrilobis gakervisas gamwovi sakeravi masalisgamoyeneba?

\\\ sakerav masalas ara aqvs mniSvneloba\\ ar SeiZleba\\\ gamoiyeneba metalis brWyalebi an mavTuli\\\ mTavari sakeravi masala ki ar aris, aramed Tu rogor gaivlis Zafigulis yvela Sres

\\\\ romeli malebis donezea sasulis bifurkacia?\\\ TIII\\ TIV\\\ TII\\\ TVI

\\\\ ramdeni perikardiuli sinusia?\\\ erTi\\\ ori\\ sami\\\ oTxi

\\\\ romeli sisxlZarRvi gadauvlis marjvena filtvs fesvis win?\\\ kenti vena\\\ aortis rkali\\ zemo Rru vena\\\ gulmkerdis sadinari

\\\\ ra TanmimdevrobiTaa ganlagebuli marcxena filtvis fesvis elementebi?\\\ mTavari bronqi, filtvis arteria, filtvis venebi\\ filtvis arteria, mTavari bronqi, filtvis venebi\\\ filtvis venebi, mTavari bronqi, filtvis arteria\\\ filtvis venebi, filtvis arteria, mTavari bronqi

\\\\ ra TanmimdevrobiTaa ganlagebuli marjvena filtvis fesvis elementebi?\\ mTavari bronqi, filtvis arteria, filtvis venebi\\\ filtvis arteria, mTavari bronqi, filtvis venebi\\\ filtvis arteria, filtvis venebi, mTavari bronqi\\\ filtvis venebi, mTavari bronqi, filtvis arteria

\\\\ romel anatomiur warmonaqmns, garda xerxemlisa, exeba saylapavi miliukana SuasayarSi?

\\\ kent venas, marcxena neknTaSua arteriebs\\\ marcxena simpaTikur wvels, kent venas\\\ marcxena cTomil nervs, kent venas\\ daswvrivi aortis gulmkerdis nawils, marjvena neknTaSua arteriebs,naxevradkenti venis saboloo nawils, gulmkerdis sadinars

\\\\ saylapavis romel zedapirzea marcxena cTomili nervis totebigulmkerdis RruSi?\\ wina\\\ ukana\\\ marcxena\\\ marjvena

\\\\ romel anatomiur warmonaqmnebs Sorisaa gulmkerdis sadinari ukanaSuasayris qveda nawilSi?\\\ saylapavsa da naxevrad kent venas Soris\\ gumkerdis aortasa da kent venas Soris\\\ saylapavsa da simpaTikur wvels Soris\\\ kent da naxevradkent venebs Soris

\\\\ miuTiTeT sarZeve jirkvlis zeda sazRvari:\\\ II nekni\\ III nekni\\\ V nekni\\\ VI nekni

\\\\ miuTiTeT sarZeve jirkvlis qveda sazRvari:\\\ II nekni\\\ III nekni\\\ VI nekni\\ VII nekni

\\\\ miuTiTeT sarZeve jirkvlis medialuri sazRvari:\\\ wina Sua xazi\\ mkerdis xazi\\\ parasternuli xazi\\\ dvrilis xazi

\\\\ miuTiTeT sarZeve jirkvlis lateraluri sazRvari:\\\ dvrilis xazi\\ iRliis wina xazi\\\ iRliis Sua xazi\\\ parasternuli xazi

\\\\ romeli anatomiuri warmonaqmni uzrunvelyofs sarZeve jirkvlismoZraobas:\\\ kani\\\ kanqveSa cximi\\\ zedapiruli fascia\\ retromamaruli SemaerTebelqsovilovani sivrce

\\\\ miuTiTeT sarZeve jirkvlis mkvebavi sisxlZarRvebi:\\\ far-kisris Rero\\ gulmkerdis lateraluri, gulmkerdis SigniTa da neknTaSua arteriebi\\\ mxolod IV_VI neknTaSua arteriebi\\\ mxolod gulmkerdis SigniTa arteria

\\\\ romel xazze keTdeba ufro xSirad plevris punqcia:\\\ sternalur da parasternalur xazebs Soris\\\ xerxemlis xazze\\\ paravertebrul da vertebralur xazebs Soris\\ iRliis ukana da beWis xazebs Soris

\\\\ ramdeni fiziologiuri Seviwroveba aqvs saylapav mils:\\\ xuTi\\\ oTxi\\ sami\\\ ori

\\\\ romeli malis doneze gadauvlis saylapavi mili gulmkerdis aortas:\\\ V_VI mala\\\ VI_VII mala\\\ III_IV mala\\ VIII_X mala

\\\\ ramdeni zedapiri aqvs guls:\\\ ori\\ sami\\\ oTxi\\\ xuTi

\\\\ gulis mkerd-sanekne zedapiri umTavresad romel nawils ukavia:\\\ marcxena parkuWs\\\ marjvena winaguls\\ marjvena parkuWs\\\ marcxena winaguls

\\\ gulis fuZes qmnis:\\\ marjvena parkuWi\\\ marcxena parkuWi\\ winagulebi\\\ marjvena winaguli

\\\\ gulis SuasaZgidismxrivi zedapiri umTavresad romel nawils ukavia:\\ marcxena parkuWs\\\ winagulebs\\\ marjvena parkuWs\\\ marcxena winaguls

\\\\ romeli sisxlZarRvebi kvebaven guls:\\\ laviwqveSa arteria\\\ gulmkerdis SigniTa arteria\\ gvirgvinovani arteriebi\\\ neknTaSua arteriebi

\\\\ romeli sisxlZarRvi gaivlis marjvena filtvis fesvis zemoT?\\\ aortis rkali\\\ naxevradkenti vena\\ kenti vena\\\ zemo Rru vena

\\\\ romeli sisxlZarRvi gaivlis marcxena filtvis fesvis win?\\ aswvrivi aorta\\\ kenti vena\\\ naxevradkenti vena\\\ zemo Rru vena

\\\\ romeli sisxlZarRvi gaivlis marcxena filtvis fesvis zemoT?\\\ aswvrivi aorta\\\ daswvrivi aorta\\\ naxevradkenti vena\\ aortis rkali

\\\\ romeli sisxlZarRvi gaivlis marcxena filtvis fesvis ukan?\\ daswvrivi aorta\\\ kenti vena\\\ naxevradkenti vena\\\ zemo Rru vena

\\\\ plevris Rrudan haeris aspiraciis mizniT sad keTdeba plevris punqcia?\\\ iRliis wina xazze V neknTaSua sivrceSi\\\ iRliis Sua xazze II neknTaSua sivrceSi\\ medioklavikulur xazze II an III neknTaSua sivrceSi\\\ medioklavikulur xazze V an VI neknTaSua sivrceSi

\\\\ ramdeni wilTaSua napralia marjvena filtvze?\\\ 1\\ 2\\\ 3\\\ 4

\\\\ ramdeni wilTaSua napralia marcxena filtvze?\\\ naprali ar aRiniSneba\\\ 4\\\ 2\\ 1

\\\\ iribi wilTaSua napralis proeqcia Seesabameba xazs, romelicgavlebulia:\\ gulmkerdis III malis wvetiani morCidan VI neknis Zvlovani da xrtilovani nawilebis sazRvramde\\\ mkerdis Zvlis SuaSi\\\ gulmkerdis III malis wvetiani morCidan maxvilisebr morCamde\\\ mkerdis Zvlis sxeulis SuaSi horizontalurad

\\\\ romeli neknis gaswvrivaa gavlebuli horizontaluri napralissaproeqcio xazi?\\\ II neknis\\\ III neknis\\ IV neknis\\\ V neknis

\\\\ limbergis sqemis mixedviT ramdeni zonaa gamoyofili TiToeulfiltvSi?\\\ 2\\\ 3\\\ 5\\ 4

\\\\ ras mogvagonebs bronq-filtvis segmentis forma?\\\ kvadrats\\ piramidas\\\ oTkuTxeds\\\ trapecias

\\\\ saiTken aris mimarTuli bronq-filtvis segmentis mwvervali?\\ filtvis karisken\\\ saylapavisken\\\ filtvis zedapirisken\\\ gulisken

\\\\ saidan Sedis bronq-filtvis segmentSi bronqi, arteria da nervebi?\\\ fuZidan\\\ gverdebidan\\ mwvervalidan\\\ fuZidan da gverdebidan

\\\\ rogor yofen filtvis segments?\\\ wilebad\\\ wilakebad\\\ zonebad\\ subsegmentebad

\\\\ filtvebi sisxliT maragdeba:\\ bronquli totebiTa da filtvebis arteriebiT\\\ laviwqveSa arteriebiT\\\ mxar-Tavis ReroTi\\\ gvirgvinovani arteriebiT

\\\\ filtvebis inervacia xorcieldeba:\\\ cTomili da damatebiTi nervebis totebiT\\\ simpaTikuri da damatebiTi nervebis totebiT\\ cTomili nervisa da simpaTikuri wvelis totebiT\\\ simpaTikuri wvelisa da Signeulobis nervis totebiT

\\\\ filtvis romel wnulebs qmnis cTomili da simpaTikuri nervis totebi?\\\ zeda da qveda\\\ medialuri da lateraluri\\\ zeda, qveda da Suamdebare\\ wina da ukana

\\\\ filtvis karSi sad mdebareobs wina nervuli wnuli?\\ filtvis fesvis win\\\ filtvis fesvis qveviT\\\ filtvis mwvervalze\\\ filtvis gareTa zedapirze

\\\\ filtvis karSi sad mdebareobs ukana nervuli wnuli?\\\ filtvis fesvis win\\\ filtvis fesvis qveviT\\\ filtvis mwvervalze\\ filtvis fesvis ukan

\\\\ filtvis romel limfur ZarRvebs arCeven?\\\ gareTa da SigniTa\\\ zeda da qveda\\ zedapiruli da Rrma\\\ mwvervalisa da fuZis

\\\\ romel garsebs arCeven perikardiumSi?\\\ zeda da qveda\\ serozuli da fibrozuli\\\ zedapiruli da Rrma\\\ wina da ukana

\\\\ romel furclebs gamoyofen serozul perikardiumSi?\\ visceruli da pariesuli\\\ serozuli da fibrozuli\\\ gareTa da SigniTa\\\ parkuWebisa da winagulebis

\\\\ ra qmnis gulis marjvena sazRvars?\\\ zeda Rru venisa da marjvena parkuWis lateraluri kideebi\\ zeda Rru venisa da marjvena winagulis lateraluri kideebi\\\ marjvena winagulisa da parkuWis marjvena kideebi\\\ mkerdis Zvlis marjvena kide

\\\\ gulis qveda sazRvars Seadgens:\\\ winagulebis qveda kideebi\\\ winagulebis zeda kideebi\\ parkuWebis qveda kideebi\\\ diafragmis zeda zedapiri

\\\\ gulis marcxena sazRvars Seadgens:\\ filtvis Reros, marcxena winagulis yurisa da marcxena parkuWis marcxena kideebi\\\ aortis rkalis marcxena kide\\\ mkerdis Zvlis marcxena kide\\\ marcxena medioklavikuluri xazi

\\\\ romeli kunTis konebia dakavSirebuli gulmkerdis kanqveSa fasciasTan?\\\ mkerdis didi kunTis\\\ lawiqveSa\\\ wina dakbiluli\\ kisris kanqveSa

\\\\ miuTiTeT gareTa neknTaSua kunTebis boWkoebis mimarTuleba.\\ zevidan qveviT, uknidan win\\\ zevidan qveviT, winidan ukan\\\ qvevidan zeviT, uknidan win\\\ qvevidan zeviT, winidan ukan

\\\\ miuTiTeT SigniTa neknTaSua kunTebis boWkoebis mimarTuleba\\\ zevidan qveviT, winidan ukan\\\ qvevidan zeviT, uknidan win\\ qvevidan zeviT, winidan ukan\\\zevidan qveviT, uknidan win

\\\\ romeli kunTis kunTvani nawilebi aRwevs mxolod neknis kuTxemde, riTacaixsneba neknTaSia nervebis CaTreva anTebiT procesSi plevris daavadebisdros?\\\ gareTa neknTaSua\\ SigniTa neknTaSua\\\ neknqveSa\\\ piramiduli

\\\\ gulmkerdis kedlis travmis dros SeiZleba daziandes sisxlZaRvovan-nervuli kona, romlis topografia sagitalur sibrtyeSi aris:\\\ arteria nervi vena\\\ arteria vena nervi\\ vena arteria nervi\\\ vena nervi arteria

\\\\ romeli xazis win aris moTavsebuli neknTaSua nervebi gareTa da SigniTaneknTaSua kunTebs Soris?\\\ paravertebruli xazi\\\ beWis xazi\\ iRliis Sua xazi\\\ iRliis ukana xazi

\\\\ gulmkerdis SigniTa arterias ra doneze gamoeyofa perikardium-diafragmis arteria?\\ I nekni\\\ II nekni\\\ III nekni\\\ V nekni

\\\\ romeli anatomiuri warmonaqmnis arseboba ganapirobebs infiltratebisgamijvnas sarZeve jirkvalSi Cirqovani procesebis dros?\\\ kani\\\ zedapiruli fascia\\ sarZeve jirkvlis kafsulis Zgideebi\\\ gulmkerdis fascia

\\\\ miuTiTeT marjvena pariesuli plevris wina sazRvari II neknis doneze:\\ wina Sua xazi\\\ mkerdis xazi\\\ parasternaluri xazi\\\ dvrilis xazi

\\\\ miuTiTeT marcxena pariesuli plevris wina sazRvari II neknis doneze:\\ wina Sua xazi\\\ mkerdis xazi\\\ parasternaluri xazi\\\ dvrilis xazi

\\\\ ra doneze xdeba marjvena plevris wina sazRvris gadasvla qvedaSi?\\\ III nekni\\\ IV nekni\\\ V nekni\\ VI nekni

\\\\ ra doneze xdeba marcxena plevris wina sazRvris gadaxra marcxniv?\\\ nekni\\ IV nekni\\\ V nekni\\\ VI nekni

\\\\ miuTiTeT pariesuli plevris qveda sazRvari medioklavikulur xazze:\\\ V nekni\\ VII nekni\\\ VIII nekni\\\ IX nekni

\\\\ miuTiTeT pariesuli plevris qveda sazRvari iRlis Sua xazze:\\\ IX nekni\\ X nekni\\\ XI nekni\\\ XII nekni

\\\\ miuTiTeT pariesuli plevris qveda sazRvari beWis xazze:\\\ IX nekni\\\ X nekni\\ XI nekni\\\ XII nekni

\\\\ miuTiTeT pariesuli plevris qveda sazRvari paravertebrul xazze:\\\ IX nekni\\\ X nekni\\\ XI nekni\\ XII nekni

\\\\ plevris gumbaTi winidan vrceldeba:\\\ I neknidan 1 sm-iT zeviT\\\ laviwidan 1 sm-iT zeviT\\ pirveli neknidan 2-3 sm-iT zeviT\\\ laviwidan 4-5 sm-iT zeviT

\\\\ plevris gumbaTis uknidan vrceldeba:\\\ kisris V malis wvetiani morCamde\\\ kisris VI malis wvetiani morCamde\\ kisris VII malis wvetiani morCamde\\\ kisris VIII malis wvetiani morCamde

\\\\ romeli anatomiuri warmonaqmnebi exeba plevris gumbaTs win da zeviT?\\\ saerTo saZile arteria, xerxemlis arteria da vena\\\ mxarTavis Rero, laviwqveSa vena\\ laviwqveSa arteria, xerxemlis arteria da vena\\\ mxris wnuli da kunTebi

\\\\ romel anatomiur warmonaqmns exeba marcxena plevris gumbaTi Signidan?\\ saerTo saZile arterias\\\ mxarTavis Reros\\\ xerxemlis arterias, venas\\\ mxris wnuls

\\\\ romel anatomiur warmonaqmns exeba marjvena plevris gumbaTi Signidan?\\\ saerTo saZile arterias\\ mxarTavis Reros\\\ xerxemlis arterias, venas\\\ mxris wnuls

\\\\ filtvis romeli sazRvari emTxveva pariesuli plevris Sesabamis sazRvars?\\ marjvena filtvis wina\\\ marcxena filtvis wina\\\ marjvena filtvis qveda\\\ marcxena filtvis qveda

\\\\ miuTiTeT marjvena filtvis qveda sazRvari mkerdis xazze.\\ VI neknis xrtili\\\ VII nekni\\\ VIII neknis xrtili\\\ IX nekni

\\\\ miuTiTeT marcxena filtvis qveda sazRvari parasternalur xazze.\\ VI nekni\\\ VII nekni\\\ VIII nekni\\\ IX nekni

\\\\ miuTiTeT filtvebis qveda sazRvari medioklavikulur xazze.\\ VI neknis zeda kide\\\ VI neknis qveda kid\\\ VII neknis zeda kide\\\ VII neknis qveda kide

\\\\ miuTiTeT filtvebis qveda sazRvari iRliis Sua xazze.\\ VIII nekni\\\ IX nekni\\\ X nekni\\\ XI nekni

\\\\ miuTiTeT filtvebis qveda sazRvari beWis xazze.\\\ VIII nekni\\\ IX nekni\\ X nekni\\\ XI nekni

\\\\ miuTiTeT filtvis qveda sazRvari paravertebrul xazze.\\\ VIII nekni\\\ IX nekni\\\ X nekni\\ XI nekni

\\\\ pnevmoneqtomiis dros filtvis fesvis elementebs daamuSaveben Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT:\\ arteria vena bronqi\\\ arteria bronqi vena\\\ vena bronqi arteria\\\ vena arteria bronqi

\\\\ gulis perangis romeli nawili ar aris dafaruli plevriT, raciZleva plevris dauzianeblad gulis perangis gaxsnis saSualebas?\\ mkerd-neknis\\\ SuasaZgidis\\\ filtvis\\\ Suasayris

\\\\ miuTiTeT gulis mwvervalis proeqcia:\\\ mkerdis xazidan 2_3 sm-iT marjvniv III neknis doneze\\ marcxena medioklavikuluri xazis medialurad me-5 neknTaSua sivrceSi\\\ mkerdis xazidan 2_3 sm-iT marjvniv IV neknis doneze\\\ mkerdis xazidan 2_3 sm-iT marjvniv V neknis doneze

\\\\ ra doneze proecirdeba filtvis Reros xvreli?\\\ marcxena II neknis mkerdis ZvalTan mimagrebis adgilas\\\ marcxena II neknis xrtilis samkerde bolodan 1_3 sm-iT marjvniv\\ marcxena III neknis mkerdis ZvalTan mimagrebis adgilas\\\ marcxena III neknis xrtilis samkerde bolodan 1_3 sm-iT marjvniv

\\\\ ra doneze proecirdeba aortis xvreli?\\\ marcxena II neknis mkerdis ZvalTan mimagrebis adgilas\\\ marcxena II neknis xrtilis samkerde bolodan 1_3 sm-iT marjvniv\\ mkerdis Zvlis marjvena naxevarSi III neknis doneze\\\ marcxena III neknis xrtilis samkerde bolodan 1_3 sm-iT marjvniv

\\\\ ra doneze proecirdeba marjvena winagul-parkuWovani xvreli?\\\ marcxena II neknis mkerdis ZvalTan mimagrebis adgilas\\\ marcxena II neknTaSua sivrcidan marjvena IV neknTaSua sivrcemde gavlebul xazze\\\ marcxena III neknTaSua sivrcidan marjvena IV neknTaSua sivrcemde gavlebul xazze\\ mkerdis Zvlis marjvena naxevarSi V neknis doneze

\\\\ ra doneze proecirdeba marcxena winagul-parkuWovani xvreli?\\ marcxena II neknis xrtilis samkerde bolo\\\ marcxena II neknis xrtilis samkerde bolodan 1-3 sm-iT marjvniv\\\ marcxena III neknis mkerdis ZvalTan mimagrebis adgilas\\ marcxena IV neknis mkerdis ZvalTan mimagrebis adgilas

\\\\ sad Tavsdeba marjvena gvirgvinovani arteria aortidan gamosvlisSemdeg?\\ gvirgvinovan RarSi\\\ parkuWTaSua wina RarSi\\\ parkuWTaSua ukana RarSi\\\ winagulTaSua RarSi

\\\\ gulis romel zedapirze Tavsdeba marjvena gvirgvinovani arteriisukana parkuWTaSua toti?\\\ wina (mkerd-neknis)\\ qveda (SuasaZgidis)\\\ ukana (xerxemlis)\\\ gverdiTi (filtvis)

\\\\ gulis romel zedapirzea ganlagebuli gvirgvinovani sinusi?\\\ mkerd-neknis\\ SuasaZgidis\\\ xerxemlis\\\ filtvis

\\\\ gulis Wrilobis gamo gulze operaciis dros perikardiumis gaxsnisSemdeg ra unda gakeTdes pirvel rigSi?\\\ sisxlsa da koltebis amocla\\\ gulis pirdapiri masaji\\ gulis Wrilobaze TiTis daWera\\\ gulis Wrilobaze nakeris dadeba

\\\\ ra doneze xdeba marjvena da marcxena mxar-Tavis venebis SeerTeba zedaRru venad?\\\ marjvena mkerd-laviwis saxsris doneze\\ marjvena I neknis bolosTan\\\ marjvena II neknis xrtilis doneze mkerdis xazze\\\ marjvena III neknis xrtilis doneze mkerdis xazze

\\\\ miuTiTeT aortis rkalis gulmkerdis aortaSi gadasvlis done:\\\ mkerdis taris centri\\\ gulmkerdis III mala\\ gulmkerdis IV mala\\\ marcxena III neknis xrtilis doneze mkerdis xazze

\\\\ saylapavi milis romel zedapirze mdebareobs marjvena cdomili nervis totebi?\\\ marjvena\\\ wina\\\ marcxena\\ ukana\\\\ ra doneze ejvaredineba saylapavi gulmkerdis aortas?\\ VIII _ X malTa farglebSi\\\ VI _ X malTa farglebSi\\\ VII _ XI malTa farglebSi\\\ VIII _ XII malTa farglebSi

\\\\ umetesad romel bronqSi xvdeba ucxo sxeuli zeda sasunTqi gzebidan?\\\ marcxenaSi\\ marjvenaSi\\\ Sua wilovan bronqSi\\\ qveda wilovan bronqSi

\\\\ romeli operaciuli Careva xorcieldeba ufro xSirad filtvis kibosdros?

\\ pnevmoneqtomia\\\ lobeqtomia\\\ filtvis segmentis rezeqcia\\\ filtvis kombinirebuli rezeqcia

\\\\ zemxari Sedgeba Semdegi midamoebisagan:\\\ iRliis, laviwzeda, deltisebri, beWis\\\ iRliis, beWis, laviwzeda, mxris\\ deltisebri, beWis, iRliis, laviwqveda\\\ iRliis, mxris, beWis, deltisebri

\\\\ iRliis fosos sislZarRvovan-nervuli konis elementebia:\\ iRliis arteria, iRliis vena da mxris wnuli\\\ laviwqveSa arteria, laviwqveSa vena da mxris wnuli\\\ mxris arteria, mxris venebi da mxris wnuli\\\ iRliis arteria, iRliis vena da kisris wnuli

\\\\ ra doneze edeba ligatura iRliis arterias:\\\ yvela doneze

\\\ a. subscapularis gamosvlis zemoT

\\ a. subscapularis gamosvlis qvemoT\\\ mkerdis didi kunTis qveda kidis doneze

\\\\ iRliis arteriis win moTavsebulia:\\\ iRliis nervi\\\ idayvis nervi\\\ kunT-kanis nervi\\ saSualo nervi

\\\\ saSualo nervis mdebareoba mxris arteriis mimarT mxris qvedamesamedSi:\\\ win\\\ ukan\\ medialurad\\\ lateralurad

\\\\ sad mdebareobs mxris arteria idayvis fosoSi:\\\ idayvis wina lateralur RarSi\\ idayvis wina medialur RarSi\\\ idayvis ukana lateralur RarSi\\\ idayvis ukana medialur RarSi

\\\\ sad gaivlis saSualo nervi winamxris Sua mesamedSi:\\\ mrgvali pronatoris Tavebs Soris\\ TiTebis zedapirul da Rrma momxrelebs Soris\\\ majis sxivisaken da TiTebis zerele momxrelebs Soris\\\ ZvalTaSua apksa da ceris grZel momxrels Soris

\\\\ winamxris kanze sxivis arteria proeqcirdeba:\\\ idayvis fosos Sua wertilidan nebis grZeli kunTis myesamde gavlebulxazze\\ idayvis fosos Sua wertilidan sxivis Zvlis sadgisiseburi morCismedialur kidemde gavlebul xazze\\\ mxris Zvlis medialuri zedarokidan idayvis Zvlis sadgisiseburi morCismedialur kidemde gavlebul xazze\\\ mxris Zvlis medialuri zedarokidan nebis grZeli kunTis myesamdegavlebul xazze

\\\\ sad mdebareobs II-IV TiTebis momxreli kunTebis myesebis sinoviuribudeebis distaluri sazRvrebi:\\ TiTebis distaluri falangebis fuZeze\\\ TiTebis Sua falangebis doneze\\\ TiTebis safrCxile falangebis distalur boloze\\\ nebis Zvlebis Tavis doneze

\\\\ ramdeni myesi gaivlis majis arxSi:\\\ erTi\\\ sami\\\ eqvsi\\ cxra

\\\\ romeli nervis dazianebisas vlindeba “brWyalismagvari mtevnis”simptomi?\\\ saSualo

\\\ kunT-kanis\\\ sxivis\\ idayvis

\\\\ romel Sualedebad iyofa sazardulis iogis qveS arsebuli sivrce\\ kunTovan da sisxlZarRvovan\\\ kunTovan da Tiaqris\\\ Tiaqris da sisxlZarRvovan\\\ aponevrozTaSoris da sisxlZarRvovan

\\\\ ra gamodis kunTovani Sualedidan:\\\ barZayis arteria da vena\\\ barZayis nervi da qedis kunTi\\\ barZayis nervi da grZeli momzidveli kunTi\\ TeZo-sukis kunTi da barZayis nervi

\\\\ zeda msxlisebri xvrelidan gamodis:\\\ mcire wvivis, didi wvivis ukana da barZayis arteriebi\\ zeda dundulovani arteria, vena da nervi\\\ gareTa sasircxo, barZayis da damxuravi arteriebi\\\ didi wvivis wina, gareTa sasircxo vena da sasircxo nervi

\\\\ barZayis arterias gamoeyofa zedapiruli arteriebi:\\\ qveda epigastruli arteria, TeZos zedapiruli Semomxveviarteria, gareTasasircxo arteria\\\ zedapiruli epigastruli arteria, TeZos zedapiruli Semomxveviarteria, SigniTa sasircxo arteria\\\ zedapiruli Semomxvevi arteria, barZayis medialuri Semomxvevi arteria,gareTa sasircxo arteria\\ zedapiruli epigastruli arteria, TeZos zedapiruli Semomxvevi arteria,gareTa sasircxo arteria

\\\\ barZayis arteria kanze proecirdeba:\\\ sazardulis iogis gareTa da Sua mesamedebs Soris wertilidan barZayisZvlis medialur zedarokamde\\ sazardulis iogis Sua wertilidan barZayis Zvlis medialur zedarokamde\\\ sazardulis iogis Sua wertilidan kviristavamde\\\ sazardulis iogis Sua da medialur mesamedebs Soris wertilidankviristavamde

\\\\ momzidveli arxi mdebareobs:\\\ barZayis zeda mesamedSi barZayis wina medialur zedapirze\\\ barZayis zeda mesamedSi barZayis wina lateralur zedapirze\\ barZayis qveda mesamedSi barZayis wina medialur zedapirze\\\ barZayis qveda mesamedSi barZayis ukana zedapirze

\\\\ romeli kunTebiT iqmneba muxlqveSa foso:\\ naxevradmyesovani, TiTistara, kanWis tyupi, barZayis orTava\\\ TiTistara, sukis, grZeli momzidveli, TerZis

\\\ barZayis orTava, samTava, oTxTava, didi momzidveli\\\ kanWis tyupi, kvadratuli, SigniTa damxuravi, TerZis

\\\\ ramden tots iZleva muxlqveSa arteria muxlis saxsrisTvis:\\\ 2\\\ 4\\ 5\\\ 6

\\\\ wviv-muxlqveSa arxSi gaivlis:\\ didi wvivis ukana arteria da didi wvivis nervi\\\ mcire wvivis arteria da didi wvivis nervi\\\ saCino nervi da wvivis wina arteria\\\ terfis kanis dorsaluri nervi da wvivis wina arteria

\\\\ romeli kunTebia wvivis ukana midamos zedapirul fasciur budeSi:\\\ TiTebis grZeli momxreli, muxlqveSa da TerZis\\\ didi wvivis ukana, TiTebis grZeli momxreli da terfZiris\\ tyupi, terfZiris da quslis\\\ fexis ceris grZeli momxreli, muxlqveSa da tyupi

\\\\ rodis aRiniSneba barZayis deformacia “galifes” formiT?\\\ barZayis Sua mesamedSi motexilobisas\\ barZayis zeda mesamedSi motexilobisas\\\ barZayis qveda mesamedSi motexilobisas\\\ menj-barZayis sasxsris amovardnilobisas

\\\\ ra aris amputacia:\\\ kiduris periferiuli nawilis imobilizacia\\\ kidurze naxvevis dadeba\\ kiduris periferiuli nawilis mokveTa\\\ kidurze TabaSiris longetis dadeba

\\\\ amputaciebi Carevis vadebis mixedviT iyofa:\\\ droul, maqsimalurad droul da nagvianev\\ adreul, nagvianev da ganmeorebiT\\\ daCqarebul, maqsimalurad daCqarebul da saswrafo\\\ adreul, daCqarebul da gadaudebeli

\\\\ amputaciis dros sisxldenis SeCereba xdeba:\\ kiduris proqsimalur nawilze laxtis dadebiT\\\ kidurze artaSanis dadebiT\\\ kiduris fiqsaciiT\\\ kidurze naxvevis dadebiT

\\\\ qsovilTa gakveTis etapebis mixedviT gamoyofen:\\\ erTjerad, orjerad, samjerad da mravaljerad amputaciebs\\ giliotinur, erTmomentian, ormomentian da sammomentian amputaciebs\\\ erTmomentian, ormomentian, sammomentian da oTxmomentian amputaciebs\\\ giliotinur, ormomentian, sammomentian da mravalmomentian amputaciebs

\\\\ nafleTovani amputaciis wesebia:\\ erTnafleTovani da ornafleTovani\\\ ornafleTovani da samnafleTovani\\\ samnafleTovani da oTxnafleTovani\\\ oTxnafleTovani da xuTnafleTovani

\\\\ sammomentani amputaciis dros I momentad ikveTeba:\\ kani, kanqveSa qsovili, kanqveSa fascia da sakuTari fascia\\\ kanqveSa fascia, kunTebi, Zvali\\\ kani, fascia, Zvali\\\ kani, sakuTari fascia, Zvali

\\\\ amputaciis dros Zvlis damuSavebis wesebia:\\ aperiostuli da subperiostuli\\\ epiperiostuli da subperiostuli\\\ epiperiostuli da endoperiostuli\\\ paraperiostuli da endoperiostuli

\\\\ romeli wesiT sruldeba TiTebis gautkivareba:\\\ meios wesiT\\\ albertis wesiT\\\ lamberis wesiT\\ lukaSeviC-oberstis wesiT

\\\\ ramdeni ligaturiT iskvneba magistraluri arteria amputaciis dros:\\\ 1\\ 2\\\ 3\\\ 4

\\\\ visi wesiT sruldeba wvivis Zval-plastikuri amputacia:\\\ janeliZis wesiT\\ pirogovis wesiT\\\ farabefis wesiT\\\ adamsis wesiT

\\\\ beWis midamos zedapirul kunTovan Sres qmnis:\\\ didi da mcire rombisebri da trapeciuli\\\ beWis Aamwevi kunTi, Tavisa da kisris salmunis kunTebi, zurgisuganieresi kunTi\\\ trapeciuli kunTi, zurgis gammarTveli kunTi, zurgis uganieresi kunTi\\ trapeciuli, zurgis uganieresi, deltisebri kunTebi

\\\\ deltisebri midamos mTavari sisxlZarRvovan-nervuli kona Seicavs:\\ iRliis nervsa da mxris ukana Semomxvev arterias\\\ iRliis nervsa da mxris wina da ukana Semomxvev arteriebs\\\ sxivis nervsa da mxris ukana Semomxvev arterias\\\ iRliis nervsa da beWqveSa arterias

\\\\ ra qmnis oTxgverdiani xvrelis lateralur kedels:\\\ samTava kunTis grZeli Tavi\\ mxris Zvlis qirurgiuli yeli\\\ mcire mrgvali kunTi\\\ beWqveSa kunTi

\\\\ rogoria iRliis arteriis saproeqcio xazi pirogovis mixedviT:\\ Tmiani nawilis wina kide\\\ iRliis fosos wina da Sua mesamedebs Soris gavlebuli xazi\\\ mxris arteriis saproeqcio xazis gagrZeleba zeviT\\\ beWis niskartisebri morCidan qveviT gavlebuli vertikaluri xazi

\\\\ rogor mdebareobs mxris wnuli mkerd-laviwis samkuTxedSi iRliisarteriasTan mimarTebaSi:\\ lateralurad da ukan\\\ lateralurad da win\\\ medialurad da win\\\ medialurad da ukan

\\\\ romel kunTebs Sorisaa kunT-kanis nervi mxarze:\\\ niskart-mxrisa da mxris kunTebs Soris\\ orTava da mxris\\\ orTava da samTava\\\ orTava da niskart-mxris

\\\\ sxivis nervi mxris qveda mesamedSi moTavsebulia:\\ mxrisa da mxar-sxivis kunTebs Soris\\\ mxris kunTsa da mxris Zvals Soris\\\ samTava kunTis lateralur Tavsa da mxris kunTs Soris\\\ orTava kunTsa da mxris kunTs Soris

\\\\ winamxris kanze Sua da qveda mesamedebSi idayvis arteria proeqcirdeba:\\\ idayvis fosos Sua wertilidan nebis grZeli kunTis myesamde\\\ idayvis fosos Sua wertilidan sxivis sadgisiseburi morCis medialurkidemde\\\ mxris medialuri zedarokidan idayvis sadgisiseburi morCis medialurkidemde\\ mxris Zvlis medialuri zedarokidan cercviseburi Zvlis lateralurkidemde

\\\\ ra aris V-s magvari flegmona:\\ I da V TiTebis Cirqovani tendovaginiti\\\ II-V TiTebis Cirqovani tendovaginiti\\\ II-III TiTebis Cirqovani tendovaginiti\\\ I-III TiTebis tendovaginiti

\\\\ romel Rarebs arCeven winamxarze:\\\ sxivis da saSualo\\ idayvis da sxivis\\\ saSualo da idayvis\\\ spiralurs da sxivis

\\\\ romeli nervis dazianebisas vlindeba “dakiduli mtevnis” simptomi?\\\ saSualo\\\ kunT_kanis\\ sxivis\\\ idayvis

\\\\\ barZayis (skarpas) samkuTxedi mosazRvrulia:\\ sazardulis iogiT, TerZis kunTiT da grZeli momzidveli kunTiT\\\ sazardulis iogiT, TeZo-sukis kunTiT da grZeli momzidveli kunTiT\\\ sazardulis iogiT, qedis kunTiT da grZeli momzidveli kunTiT\\\ sazardulis iogiT, TerZis kunTiT da didi momzidveli kunTiT

\\\\ rogor mdebareobs barZayis vena arteriis mimarT barZayis zeda mesamedSi:\\\ win\\\ ukan\\ medialurad\\\ lateralurad

\\\\ qveda msxlisebri xvrelidan gamodis:\\ qveda dundulovani arteria da nervi, sajdomi nervi, SigniTa sasircxoarteria, sasircxo nervi\\\ didi wvivis nervi, didi wvivis arteria, barZayis arteria, muxlqveSaarteria\\\ muxlqveSa arteria, didi wvivis wina arteria, saCino nervi, barZayisnervi\\\ qveda dundulovani arteria da nervi, TeZos zedapiruli arteria,sajdomi nervi

\\\\ didi saCino vena kanze proecirdeba:\\ barZayis medialuri rokis zeda kididan sazardulis iogis Sua damedialuri mesamedebis sazRvramde gavlebul xazze\\\ barZayis medialuri rokidan sazardulis iogis Sua wertilamdegavlebul xazze\\\ barZayis lateraluri rokis zeda kididan sazardulis iogis Sua damedialuri mesamedebis sazRvramde gavlebul xazze\\\ barZayis lateraluri rokidan sazardulis iogis gareTa da Suamesamedebis sazRvramde gavlebul xazze

\\\\ rogor mdebareobs barZayis vena arteriis mimarT barZayis qvedamesamedSi?\\\ win\\ ukan\\\ medialurad\\\ lateralurad

\\\\ romeli kunTebia barZayis ukana budeSi:\\ orTava, naxevrad myesovani da TiTistara\\\ orTava, TerZis da TiTistara

\\\ grZeli momzidveli, orTava da TiTistara\\\ nazi, TerZis da orTava kunTis grZeli Tavi

\\\\ muxlqveSa fosoSi muxlqveSa venis win da medialurad moTavsebulia:\\\ muxlis zeda lateraluri arteria\\\ muxlis qveda lateraluri arteria\\ muxlqveSa arteria\\\ muxlis zeda medialuri arteria

\\\\ kanWis kanis medialuri nervi gamoeyofa:\\\ mcire wvivis saerTo nervs\\ didi wvivis nervs\\\ barZayis nervs\\\ saCino nervs

\\\\ wvivis wina Zval-fasciuri bude Seicavs:\\ didi wvivis wina, TiTebis grZel gamSlel da ceris grZel gamSlel kunTs\\\ mcire wvivis grZel, ceris grZel gamSlel da TiTebis grZel gamSlelkunTs\\\ ceris grZel gamSlel, ceris grZel momxrel da TiTebis grZel momxrelkunTs\\\ TiTebis grZel gamSlel, mcire wvivis mokle da didi wvivis wina kunTs

\\\\ wvivis ukana midamos Rrma fasciur budeSi ganlagebulia:\\\ terfZiris da tyupi kunTi\\\ quslis, tyupi da mcire wvivis grZeli kunTi\\ TiTebis grZeli momxreli, didi wvivis ukana, fexis ceris grZelimomxreli kunTebi\\\ kanWis tyupi da nazi kunTi

\\\\ ra aris egzartikulacia:\\\ saxsris gaxsna\\\ saxsris imobilizacia\\\ saxsris plastika\\ kiduris mokveTa saxsris doneze

\\\\ nagvianevi amputaciis Cvenebaa:\\ xangrZlivi Seuxorcebeli Wriloba\\\ sunTqvis ukmarisoba\\\ pnevmonia\\\ Soki

\\\\ amputaciis dros laxtis dadeba ukunaCvenebia:\\\ osteoqondrozisa da podagris dros\\ maoblitirebeli endareteritisa da anaerobuli infeqciis dros\\\ miozitisa da nevritis dros\\\ pnevmoniisa da nevritis dros

\\\\ amputaciis giliotinuri wesi naCvenebia:\\\ mwvave pnevmoniis dros\\\ hipertoniis dros\\\ streptokokuri infeqciis dros

\\ anaerobuli infeqciis dros

\\\\ sammomentani amputaciis dros II momentad ikveTeba:\\\ kani, kanqveSa fascia Zvlamde\\ yvela kunTi Zvlamde\\\ orive fascia Zvlamde\\\ kani Zvlamde

\\\\ rogor iskvneba magistraluri sisxlZarRvebi amputaciis Semdeg:\\\ arteria da vena iskvneba erTad\\ arteria da vena iskvneba cal-calke\\\ arteria da vena iskvneba nervTan erTad\\\ arteria da vena iskvneba ZvalTan erTad

\\\\ rbili qsovilebis dasacavad amputaciis dros gamoiyeneba:\\\ marlis zonrebi da danebi\\ retraqtori da marlis zonrebi\\\ pincetebi da kavebi\\\ momWerebi da pincetebi

\\\\ saidan gamoiWreba kanis nafleTi falangebis amosaxsvris an amputaciisdros:\\\ sxivismxrivi zedapiridan\\ xelgulismxrivi zedapiridan\\\ medialuri zedapiridan\\\ xelgzurgismxrivi zedapiridan

\\\\ visi wesiT sruldeba barZayis Zval-plastikuri amputacia:\\\ pirogovis wesiT\\\ janeliZis wesiT\\\ lukaSeviC-oberstis wesiT\\ griti-Simanovskis wesiT

\\\\ wvivis Zval_plastikuri amputaciisas ra aris takvis sayrdeni zedapiri:\\\ lateraluri goji\\\ medialuri goji\\ quslis Zvlis ukana midamo\\\ mcire wvivis Zvali

\\\ beWis midamos Rrma kunTovan Sres qmnis:\\\ zurgis gammarTveli kunTi, Tavis wina swori kunTi, qedzeda kunTi\\\ didi da mcire rombisebri kunTebi, ukana zeda dakbiluli kunTi\\ qedzeda, qedqveda, didi da mcire mrgvali kunTebi\\\ didi da mcire mrgvali kunTebi, Tavis lateraluri swori kunTi

\\\\ deltisebr-mkerdis RarSi gaivlis:\\\ salmis vena\\ Sevardnis vena\\\ iRliis vena

\\\ laviwqveSa vena

\\\\ rogor mdebareobs iRliis vena arteriasTan mimarTebaSi:\\ win da medialurad\\\ win da lateralurad\\\ ukan da lateralurad\\\ ukan da medialurad

\\\\ ris gamoa saSiSi iRliis arteriasTan midgoma pirdapiri wesiT:\\ iRliis venis dazianebisa da haerovani emboliis saSiSroebis gamo\\\ cudi kosmetikuri efeqtis gamo\\\ mxris wnulis konebis dazianebis gamo\\\ operaciisSemdgom nawiburSi nervebis Cazrdis gamo

\\\\ rogor yalibdeba saSualo nervi iRliis fosoSi:\\\ mxris wnulis lateraluri konidan\\\ mxris wnulis medialuri konidan\\ mxris wnulis lateraluri da medialuri konebidan\\\ lateraluri da ukana konebidan

\\\\ miuTiTeT mxris arteriis saproeqcio xazi:\\ iRliis fosos mwvervalidan medialuri zedarokisa da orTava kunTismyess Soris manZilis Sua wertilamde\\\ beWis niskartisebri morCidan mxris medialur zedarokamde\\\ akromionidan mxris medialur zedarokamde\\\ orTava kunTis lateraluri Raris gaswvriv

\\\\ mxris arteria idayvis midamoSi gaivlis:\\ wina medialur RarSi\\\ wina lateralur RarSi\\\ ukana lateralur RarSi\\\ ukana medialur RarSi

\\\\ saSualo nervi winamxarze qveda mesamedSi moTavsebulia:\\ majis sxivisaken momxrel kunTsa da TiTebis zedapiruli momxrel kunTismyesebs Soris\\\ mxar-sxivis kunTsa da majis idayvisaken momxreli kunTis myesebs Soris\\\ mxar-sxivis kunTsa da mrgval pronators Soris\\\ majis sxiviskena momxrelsa da mxar-sxivis kunTebs Soris

\\\\ sad unda gatardes ganakveTebi xelis TiTebze Cirqovani tendovaginitisdros:\\\ xelgulis zedapirze\\\ ukana zedapirze\\\ safrCxile falangis areSi\\ wina-gverdiT zedapirebze falangTaSua saxsrebis gareT

\\\\ ra niSniT amoicnoba WrilobaSi majis sxivisaken momxreli kunTi:\\\ kunTis frTisebri SenebiT\\ pirveli Sris kunTis sqeli myesiT\\\ kunTis grZeli viwro myesiT

\\\ pirveli Sris kunTebSi yvelaze lateraluri mdebareobiT

\\\\ ra gamodis momzidveli arxis wina xvrelidan:\\\ barZayis arteria\\\ kanqveSa nervi\\ saCino nervi da muxlis daswvrivi arteria\\\ muxlis daswvrivi arteria\\\\ barZayis arteria kanze proeqcirdeba:\\\ sazardulis iogis gareTa da Sua mesamedebs Soris wertilidan barZayisZvlis medialur zedarokamde gavlebul xazze\\ sazardulis iogis Sua wertilidan barZayis Zvlis medialur zedarokamdegavlebul xazze\\\ sazardulis iogis Sua wertilidan kviristavamde gavlebul xazze\\\ sazardulis iogis Sua da medialur mesamedebs Soris wertilidankviristavamde gavlebul xazze

\\\\ barZayis arxis zedapiruli rgoli moisazRvreba:\\ ganieri fasciis namgliseburi kidiT\\\ sazardulis iogiT\\\ Sualedis iogiT\\\ qedis iogiT

\\\\ barZayis Rrma arteria gamodis:\\\ TeZos SigniTa arteriidan sazardulis iogidan 4-6 sm-iT qvemoT\\\ barZayis arteriidan sazardulis iogidan 1-2 sm-iT qvemoT\\\ qvemo epigastruli arteriidan sazardulis iogidan 1-2 sm-iT qvemoT\\ barZayis arteriidan sazardulis iogidan 4-6 sm-iT qvemoT

\\\\ momzidvel arxSi gaivlis:\\\ barZayia arteria, barZayis vena da sajdomi nervi\\ barZayia arteria, barZayis vena da saCino nervi\\\ TeZos gareTa arteria, TeZos gareTa vena da barZayis lateraluri nervi\\\ barZayia arteria, barZayis vena da barZayis kanis ukana nervi

\\\\ muxlqveSa fosoSi didi wvivis nervis win da medialurad moTavsebulia:\\\ muxlis zeda medialuri arteria\\ muxlqveSa vena\\\ muxlis zeda lateraluri arteria\\\ muxlis zeda medialuri arteria

\\\\ muxlqveSa fosoSi mcire wvivis saerTo nervi miyveba:\\\ naxevrad myesovani kunTis medialur kides\\ orTava kunTis medialur kides\\\ TiTistara kunTis medialur kides\\\ kanWis tyupi kunTis medialur kides

\\\\ didi wvivis wina arteria da mcire wvivis saerTo nervis Rrma totiwvivis qveda naxevarSi mdebareobs:\\\ kanWis tyupsa da terfZiris kunTebs Soris\\\ terfZirisa da quslis kunTebs Soris\\\ TiTebis grZel momxrel da ceris grZel momxrel kunTebs Soris\\ didi wvivis wina da fexis ceris grZel gamSlel kunTebs Soris

\\\\ rogor proecirdeba didi wvivis wina arteria:\\\ didi wvivis xorklidan gojebs Soris gatarebuli xazis Sua wertilamde\\\ medialur roksa da didi wvivis xorkls Soris gatarebuli xazis Suawertilidan lateralur gojamde gavlebul xazze\\\ didi wvivis xorklsa da mcire wvivis Zvlis Tavs Soris gatarebulixazis Sua wertilidan lateralur gojamde gavlebul xazze\\ didi wvivis xorklsa da mcire wvivis Zvlis Tavs Soris gatarebuli xazisSua wertilidan gojebs Soris gatarebuli xazis Sua wertilamde gavlebulxazze

\\\\ wviv-muxlqveSa arxis wina kedels qmnis:\\ didi wvivis ukana kunTi\\\ wvivis fasciis Rrma furceli\\\ TiTebis grZeli momxreli kunTi\\\ kanWis tyupi kunTi

\\\\ miuTiTeT kiduris amputaciis absoluturi Cveneba:\\\ kiduris travmuli mogleja\\\ Zvlebis damsxvreva, kunTebis, sisxlZarRvebis da nervebis daglejiT\\\ kiduris sxvadasxva etiologiis gangrena\\ yvela zemoTCamoTvlili

\\\\ reamputaciis Cveneba:\\\ sefsisi\\\ anafilaqsiuri Soki\\\ tuberkulozuri goniti\\ mankieri takvi

\\\\ specialuri iaraRebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba amputaciis dros:\\ saamputacio danebi, xerxebi, raspatorebi, mkvnetarebi, Woposnebi\\\ Rariani zondebi, reverdenis nemsebi, traqeostomiuli mili\\\ xelis trepani, dalgrenis kvnetara, jilis xerxi, sxvadasxva formisfrezebi\\\ sarkeebi, niCbebi, eleqtro da xelis trepanebi

\\\\ amputaciis dros sisxldenis SeCereba xdeba:\\ kidurze laxtis dadebiT\\\ kiduris imobilizaciiT\\\ kidurze yinuliani parkebis dadebiT\\\ kidurze naxvevis dadebiT

\\\\ ra ikveTeba ormomentiani amputaciis dros pirvel momentad:\\ ikveTeba kani, kanqveSa cximovani qsovili da fascia\\\ fascia, kunTebi\\\ kunTebi da Zvali\\\ kani da Zvali

\\\\ sammomentani amputaciis dros III momentad ikveTeba:\\ SekumSuli da gadaweuli kanis doneze xelmeored ikveTeba yvela kunTi dagadaixerxeba Zvali\\\ SekumSuli da gadaweuli kanis doneze ikveTeba zedapiruli fascia\\\ SekumSuli da gadaweuli kanis doneze ikveTeba Rrma fascia\\\ SekumSuli da gadaweuli kanis doneze ixerxeba Zvali

\\\\ raSi mdgomareobs amputaciis dros nervis damuSavebis wesi:\\ nervi ikveTeba samarTebliT, gadaxerxili Zvlis bolodan 4-5 sm zemoT\\\ nervi ikveTeba eleqtro daniT,gadaxerxili Zvlis bolodan 7-8 sm zemoT\\\ nervi ikveTeba samarTebliT, gadaxerxili Zvlis bolodan 1-2 sm zemoT\\\ nervi ikveTeba skalpeliT, gadaxerxili Zvlis bolodan 1,5_2 sm zemoT

\\\\ romeli iaraRi gamoiyeneba nervis gadasakveTad:\\\ skalpeli\\\ eleqtrodana\\\ saamputacio dana\\ usafrTxo samarTebeli

\\\\ romeli wesiT sruldeba winamxris Amputacia:\\ ormomentiani manJetis wesiT\\\ erTmomentiani nafleTovani wesiT\\\ sammomentiani irgvlivi wesiT\\\ samnafleTovani wesiT

\\\\ barZayis Zval_plastikuri amputaciisas ra aris takvis sayrdenizedapiri:\\\ barZayis Zvlis roki\\ gadaxerxili kviristavi\\\ barZayis oTxTava kunTis myesi\\\ orTava kunTis myesi

\\\\ samgverdian xvrelSi gaivlis:

\\ beWis Semomxvevi arteria

\\\ beWqveSa arteria da iRliis nervi

\\\ mxris wina da ukana Semomxvevi arteriebi da iRliis nervi

\\\ beWqveSa da mxris ukana Semomxvevi arteria

\\\\ ramden nawils ganarCeven iRliis arteriaSi iRliis fosos mTelsigrZeze:\\\ erTs\\\ ors\\ sams\\\ oTxs

\\\\ mxris wnulis romeli konidan yalibdeba sxivis nervi:\\\ lateraluri\\\ medialuri\\ ukana\\\ wina

\\\\ mkerdqveSa samkuTxedis farglebSi iRliis arterias gamoeyofa:\\ beWqveSa arteria, mxris wina da ukana Semomxvevi arteriebi\\\ gulmkerdis lateraluri arteria da beWqveSa arteria\\\ mxris wina da ukana Semomxvevi arteria da gulmkerdis zemdebare arteria\\\ gulmkerd-akromionisa da mxris wina Semomxvevi arteria

\\\\ rogoria iRliis arteriis saproeqcio xazi:\\ Tmiani nawilis wina kide\\\ iRliis fosos Sua da ukana mesamedebs Soris gavlebuli horizontalurixazi\\\ idayvis arteriis saproeqcio xazis gagrZeleba zeviT\\\ beWis niskartisebri morCidan qveviT gavlebuli xazi

\\\\ ra totebad iyofa sxivis nervi idayvis fosos wina lateralur RarSi?\\ zedapirul da Rrma\\\ wina da medialur\\\ wina da lateralur\\\ wina da ukana

\\\\ idayvis midamoSi idayvis nervi gaivlis:\\\ wina medialur RarSi\\\ wina lateralur RarSi\\\ ukana lateralur RarSi\\ ukana medialur RarSi

\\\\ CamoTvlili warmonaqmnebidan romelia moTavsebuli xelis gulis Suafasciur budeSi:\\\ kunT-kanis nervi\\\ idayvis arteriuli bade\\\ nebis ZvalTaSua dorsaluri arteriebi\\ xelgulis zedapiruli arteriuli rkali

\\\\ saSualo nervi anervebs:\\ I, II, III TiTebis palmaruli zedapiris kans da IV TiTis palmarulizedapiris lateralur naxevars\\\ I, II, TiTebis palmaruli zedapiris kans da III TiTis palmarulizedapiris naxevars\\\ I, II, TiTebs da III TiTis dorsaluri zedapiris naxevars\\\ IV, V TiTebs da III TiTis naxevars dorsaluri mxridan

\\\\ TiTebis momxrelTa myesebis romeli sinoviuri budeebis dazianeba iwvevsCirqovani procesis gadasvlas pirogovis SemaerTebelqsovilovan sivrceSi:\\\ sxivismxrivi da cerismxrivi\\\ idayvismxrivi da nekismxrivi

\\ sxivismxrivi da idayvismxrivi\\\ II-IV TiTebis momxrelTa myesebis sinoviuri budeebis

\\\\ romeli nervis dazianebisas vlindeba “maimunis mtevnis simptomi”:\\\ kunT-kanis\\ saSualo\\\ sxivis\\\ idayvis

\\\\ miuTiTeT barZayis arxis kedlebi:\\ barZayis vena, ganieri fasciis zedapiruli da Rrma furclebi\\\ sazardulis iogi, qedis iogi da barZayis vena\\\ zedapiruli fascia da barZayis vena\\\ sazardulis iogi, qedis iogi da ganieri fasciis zedapiruli furceli

\\\\ ra donezea umjobesi barZayis arteriis gadaskvna barZayis zeda mesamedSi:\\\ uSualod sazardulis iogis ukan\\ barZayis Rrma arteriis gamosvlis zemoT\\\ barZayis Rrma arteriis gamosvlis qvemoT\\\ sazardulis iogidan 1sm qvemoT

\\\\ barZayis arxis Rrma rgoli mosazRvrulia:\\ sazardulis iogiT, qedis (kuperis) iogiT, Sualedis (jimbernatis) iogiT, barZayisvenis medialuri kedliT\\\ qedis iogiT, Sualedis iogiT, mrgvali iogiT\\\ sazardulis iogiT, TerZis kunTiT, qedis kunTiT, TeZo-qedis rkaliT\\\ sukis kunTiT, TeZos kunTiT, Sualedis iogiT, sazardulis iogiT

\\\\ barZayis sisxlZarRvebi zeda mesamedSi mdebareoben:\\ barZayis samkuTxedSi\\\ momzidvel arxSi\\\ Joberis fosoSi\\\ barZayis wina RarSi

\\\\ sad mdebareobs saCino nervi momzidvel arxSi:\\\barZayis arteriis ukan da lateralurad\\\barZayis arteriis ukan da medialurad\\barZayis arteriis win da lateralurad\\\barZayis arteriis ukan da lateralurad

\\\\ra gamodis momzidveli arxis wina xvrelidan:\\\ barZayis arteria\\\ barZayis nervi\\ saCino nervi da muxlis daswvrivi arteria\\\ muxlis daswvrivi arteria da barZayis nervi

\\\\ sajdomi nervis gayofa didi wvivisa da mcire wvivis nervebad xdeba:\\\ muxlqveSa fosos qveda kuTxeSi an ufro qvemoT\\\ muxlqveSa fosos centrSi\\ muxlqveSa fosos zeda kuTxeSi an ufro zemoT\\\ qvemo msxlisebri xvrelidan gamosvlamde

\\\\ wvivis wina midamoSi ZvalTaSua apkis xvreliT gadadis:\\\ didi wvivis ukana arteria\\\ mcire wvivis saerTo nervis Rrma toti\\ didi wvivis wina arteria\\\ mcire wvivis saerTo nervis zedapiruli toti

\\\\ wvivis gareTa Zval-fasciuri bude Seicavs Semdeg kunTebs:\\\ terfis gamSlel da TiTebis gamSlel kunTebs\\\ TiTebis grZel momxrel da didi wvivis ukana kunTebs\\ mcire wvivis grZel da mokle kunTebs\\\ TiTebis grZel gamSlel da mcire wvivis mokle kunTebs

\\\\ wviv-muxlqveSa arxis ukana kedels qmnis:\\\ didi wvivis ukana kunTi\\\ wvivis fasciis zedapiruli furceli\\\ muxlqveSa kunTi\\ wvivis fasciis Rrma furceli

\\\\ amputaciis mizania:\\ avadmyofis sicocxlis gadarCena da proTezirebisaTvis gamosayenebelitakvis Seqmna\\\ avadmyofis mdgomareobis nawilobrivi gaumjobeseba\\\ avadmyofis mdgomareobis stabilurobis Seqmna\\\ avadmyofis kardiogenuri Sokidan gamoyvana

\\\\ takvis vargisianobas gansazRvravs:\\\ pacientis zogadi mdgomareoba\\\ pacientis sqesi\\\ pacientis asaki\\ takvis sigrZe, forma da dayrdnobis unari

\\\\ specialuri iaraRebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba amputaciis dros:\\ saamputacio danebi, xerxebi, raspatorebi, mkvnetarebi, Woposnebi\\\ makratlebi, zondebi, momWerebi\\\ sarkeebi, niCbebi, eleqtro trepanebi\\\ pincetebi, mkvnetarebi, zondebi, xelis trepanebi

\\\\ giliotinuri wesis dros kiduri ikveTeba:\\ yvela rbili qsovili ikveTeba erTbaSad Zvlamde da amave doneze ixerxebaZvali\\\ pirvelad ikveTeba kani, Semdeg kunTebi da bolos ixerxeba Zvali\\\ ikveTeba kani da kunTebi da SekumSuli kunTebis doneze ixerxeba Zvali\\\ ikveTeba kani, zerele kunTebi, Semdeg Rrma kunTebi, xolo bolosixerxeba Zvali\\\\ ra ikveTeba ormomentiani amputaciis dros meore momentad:\\\ gakveTili da gadanergili kanis doneze gadaikveTeba kunTebi\\\ gakveTili kanis doneze gaikveTeba fascia\\\ gakveTili kanis doneze gadaixerxeba Zvali\\ gadaweuli kanis doneze gadaikveTeba kunTebi.

\\\\ irgvlivi amputaciis Semdeg nawiburi mdebareobs:\\\ takvis medialur zedapirze

\\ takvis sayrden zedapirze\\\ takvis lateralur zedapirze\\\ takvis zeda zedapirze

\\\\ amputaciis dros ra doneze ikveTeba nervi Zvlis bolodan:\\\ 1-2 sm\\ 4-5 sm\\\ 8-10 sm\\\ 10-12 sm

\\\\ romeli wesiT keTdeba III da IV TiTebis amosaxsvra:\\\ janeliZis da farabefis\\ Cognisebri da lupis\\\ farabefis da pirogovis\\\ malgenis da farabefis

\\\\ romeli wesiT sruldeba mxris amputacia Sua mesamedSi:\\\ erTnafleTovani wesiT\\ ornafleTovani wesiT\\\ samnafleTovani wesiT\\\ manJetis wesiT

\\\\ ras niSnavs termini “reamputacia”:\\\ takvis gakveTas ganivad ZvalTan midgomis mizniT\\\ takvis nawilobriv mokveTas\\ takvis ganmeorebiT mokveTas\\\ takvis gakveTas sisxlZarRvebTan midgomis mizniT

\\\\ kiserze arCeven:\\\ gareTa, SigniTa, gverdiT da Suamdebare kunTebs\\ zedapirul, Sua, gverdiT da Rrma kunTebs\\\ zedapirul, gareTa, Rrma da SigniTa kunTebs\\\ pariesul da visceral kunTebs

\\\\ kisris meore fascia qveviT umagrdeba:\\\ gulmkerdis zedapirul fascias\\\ laviwisa da mkerdis taris ukana zedapirs\\ laviwisa da mkerdis taris wina zedapirs\\\ pirvel neknebsa da mkerdis kuTxes

\\\\ retrovisceruli sivrcis qsovili ukavSirdeba:\\\ wina Suasayaris qsovils\\ ukana Suasayaris qsovils\\\ frTisebrkunTTaSua napralis qsovils\\\ safeTqelfrTisebri napralis qsovils

\\\\ farisebr da paraTiroidul jirkvlebs anervebs:\\\ xorxis zeda da qveda nervebi\\ xorxis Sebrunebuli nervebi da simpaTikuri wveli\\\ ena-xaxis da damatebiTi nervebi\\\ damatebiTi da enisqveSa nervebi

\\\\ kisris Sua jgufis kunTebidan inis Zvlis zemoT mdebareobs:\\ ormucela, sadgis-inis, yba-inisa da ena-inis kunTebi\\\ beW-inis, sadgis-inis da ena-inis kunTebi\\\ far-inis, ormucela, sadgis-inis, yba-inis kunTebi\\\ ormucela, tyupi, kisris ganieri kunTebi

\\\\ kisris meoTxe fasciis pariesuli furceli romel sisxlZarRvovan-nervul konas uqmnis budes?\\\ kisris ganiv sisxlZarRvovan-nervul konas\\\ kisris irib sisxlZarRvovan-nervul konas\\ kisris gaswvriv sisxlZarRvovan-nervul konas\\\ kisris zeda sisxlZarRvovan-nervul konas

\\\\ romeli kunTi qmnis pirogovis samkuTxedis fskers:\\ ena-inis kunTi\\\ yba-inis kunTi\\\ sadgis-inis kunTi\\\ nikap-enis kunTi

\\\\ rogor ganakveTebs iyeneben kisris organoebTan midgomisaTvis:\\\ zedapiruls, ganivs da cvlads\\\ Rrmas, iribs da gamodrekilobiT zeviT\\\ kombinirebuls, nalisebrs da gamodrekilobiT qveviT\\ gaswvrivs, iribs, ganivs, kombinirebuls

\\\\ ras umagrdeba qveviT kisris mesame fascia:\\\ pirveli neknebisa da mkerdis Zvlis taris ukana zedapirebs\\\ pirveli neknebisa da mkerdis Zvlis tars winidan\\\ mkerdis tarisa da laviwebis wina zedapirebs\\ mkerdis tarisa da laviwebis ukana zedapirebs

\\\\ previsceruli sivrcis qsovili ukavSirdeba:\\ wina Suasayaris qsovils\\\ ukana Suasayaris qsovils\\\ kibisebr kunTTaSua sivrcis qsovils\\\ kibisebr wina sivrcis qsovils

\\\\ ra aris moTavsebuli medialurad saZile samkuTxedSi\\ saerTo saZile arteria\\\ SigniTa sauRles vena\\\ cTomili nervi\\\ diafragmis nervi

\\\\ kisris gverdiTi jgufis kunTebia:\\\ wina, Sua da ukana dakbiluli kunTebi\\\ wina, Sua da SigniTa kibisebri kunTebi\\\ wina da ukana iribi kunTebi\\ wina, Sua da ukana kibisebri kunTebi

\\\\ romel sivrces gamofens kisris meoTxe fasciis pariesuli furceli\\\ xerxemlis win mdebare sivrces\\ sivrces, romelSic kisris organoebi mdebareobs\\\ xaxis ukan mdebare sivrce\\\ kisris lateralur samkuTxedSi mdebare kunTTaSua sivrceebs

\\\\ kisris midamo iyofa:\\\ zeda da qveda midamoebad\\\ medialur da lateralur nawilebad\\ wina da ukana nawilebad\\\ pariesul da visceralur nawilebad

\\\\ saerTo saZile arteriasTan midgomisas ganakveTs gaavleben:\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis medialur kideze, farisebri xrtiliszeda kididan qveviT 6sm manZilze\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis SuaSi, sigrZiT 6sm\\\ kisris Sua xazze, sigrZiT 6sm\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis lateraluri kidis gaswvriv

\\\\ sad isinjeba kisris VI malis ganivi morCi, romelzec xelis daWeriTSeiZleba saerTo saZile arteria davaxSoT:\\\ farisebri xrtilis zeda kidis doneze\\\ inis Zvlis sxeulis doneze\\\ farisebri xrtilis naWdevis doneze\\ beWdisebri xrtilis doneze

\\\\ inis Zvalze gavlebuli horizontaluri xaziT orive medialurisamkuTxedi iyofa:\\ iniszeda da inisqveda midamoebad\\\ kisris zeda da qveda midamoebad\\\ saZile da nikapqveSa midamoebad\\\ beW-sasules da qvedaybisqveSa midamoebad

\\\\ qvedaybisqveSa samkuTxedi winidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ ormucela kunTis ukana mucliT\\\ yba-inis kunTiT\\\ ena-inis kunTiT\\ ormucela kunTis wina mucliT

\\\\ kisris lateraluri samkuTxedi winidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ Sua xaziT\\\ beW-inis kunTiT\\\ inis ZvliT\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTiT

\\\\ beW-trapeciuli (beW-mandilis) samkuTxedi winidan moisazRvreba:\\\ beW-inis kunTiT\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTiT\\\ trapeciuli (mandilis) kunTiT\\\ Sua xaziT

\\\\ beW-laviwis samkuTxedi qvevidan moisazRvreba:\\ laviwiT\\\ beW-inis kunTis qveda mucliT\\\ ormucela kunTis ukana mucliT\\\ beW-inis kunTis zeda mucliT

\\\\ sasules kisris nawilis qveda sazRvari winidan Seesabameba:\\\ mkerdis Zvlis kuTxes\\ mkerdis sauRle naWdevs\\\ mkerdis Zvlis tars\\\ mkerdis Zvlis qveda bolos

\\\\ sasulis kisris nawils kvebavs:\\\ farisebri zeda arteria\\ farisebri qveda arteria\\\ xerxemlis arteria\\\ nekn-kisris Rero

\\\\ kisris wnuli yalibdeba:\\\ zurgis tvinis zeda 2 nervis wina totebiT\\\ zurgis tvinis zeda 3 nervis wina totebiT\\ zurgis tvinis zeda 4 nervis wina totebiT\\\ saxis nervis totebiT

\\\\ pirogovis samkuTxedi zevidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ cTomili nerviT\\\ enis nerviT\\ enisqveSa nerviT\\\ ena-xaxis nerviT

\\\\ ramden SemTxvevaSi gvxvdeba farisebri jirkvlis piramiduli wili?\\ SemTxvevaTa mesamedSi\\\ SemTxvevaTa 50%-Si\\\ SemTxvevaTa 60%-Si\\\ SemTxvevaTa 80%-Si

\\\\ farisebri jirkvali winidan dafarulia:\\\ sadgis-inis, yba-inis da ena-inis kunTebiT\\ mkerd-inis, mkerd-farisebri da beW-inis kunTebiT\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilsebri da beW-inis kunTebiT\\\ nikap-inis da far-inis kunTebi

\\\\ farisebri jirkvlis gverdiTi wilebi ukana zedapiriT exeba:\\\ saylapav mils, sasules da simpaTikur wvels\\\ xorxis Sebrunebul nervs, sasules, mxar-Tavis Reros

\\\ SigniTa saZile arterias, gulmkerdis sadinars, venur kuTxes\\ xaxas, saylapav mils, xorxis Sebrunebul nervsa da SigniTa saZilearterias

\\\\ farisebri qveda arteria gamoeyofa:\\\ SigniTa saZile arterias\\\ laviwqveSa arterias\\ far-kisris Reros\\\ nekn-kisris Reros

\\\\ saylapavi milis kisris nawils winidan exeba:\\ sasules apkisebri kedeli\\\ aortis rkali\\\ mxar-Tavis Rero\\\ mxar-Tavis vena

\\\\ sasule-saylapavi milis RarebSi gaivlis:\\\ cTomili nervebi\\\ farisebri zeda arteriebi\\ xorxis Sebrunebuli nervebi\\\ saerTo saZile arteriebi

\\\\ saylapavi milis kisris nawils anervebs:\\\ xorxis zeda nervebi\\\ ena-xaxisa da simpaTikuri nervebi\\ xorxis Sebrunebuli da simpaTikuri nervebi\\\ diafragmisa da simpaTikuri nervebi

\\\\ saerTo saZile arteriis bifurkaciis areSi mdebareobs:\\\ limfuri kvanZebis grova\\\ venuri kuTxe\\\ kiser-gulmkerdis kvanZi\\ sinokarotiduli refleqsogenuri zona

\\\\ saZile samkuTxedSi SigniTa saZile arterias, gareTa saZile arteriasada mis totebs winidan, garedan SigniT gadauvlis:\\ enisqveSa nervi\\\ enis nervi\\\ cTomili nervi\\\ simpaTikuri wveli

\\\\ saZile samkuTxedSi gvxvdeba Semdegi fasciebi:\\\ I, III, IV\\\ II, III, V\\\ I, II, III, IV\\ I, II, IV, V

\\\\ sad mdebareobs saZile samkuTxedSi cTomili nervi:\\\ saerTo saZile arteriasa da saylapavs Soris da ukan

\\\ SigniTa sauRle venasa da farisebri jirkvlis gverdiT wils Soris dawin\\ saerTo saZile arteriasa da SigniTa sauRle venas Soris da ukan\\\ saerTo saZile arteriasa da SigniTa sauRle venas Soris da win

\\\\ beW-sasules samkuTxedi Signidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ ormucela kunTis ukana mucliT\\\ beW-inis kunTis zeda mucliT\\\ beW-inis kunTis qveda mucliT\\ sasuleTi

\\\\ kibisebr-xerxemlis samkuTxedi qvevidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ sauRle naWdeviT\\\ aortis rkaliT\\\ filtvis mwvervaliT\\ plevris gumbaTiT

\\\\ sad mdebareobs laviwqveSa arteriis mesame nawili:\\ beW-laviwis samkuTxedSi\\\ beW-sasules samkuTxedSi\\\ beW-trapeciul samkuTxedSi\\\ kibisebr wina sivrceSi

\\\\ kibisebr-xerxemlis samkuTxedSi laviwqveSa arterias gamoeyofa:\\ xerxemlis arteria, gulmkerdis SigniTa arteria, far-kisris Rero, nekn-kisris Rero\\\ xerxemlis, gulmkerdis SigniTa, beWqveSa, gulmkerd-akromionis arteria\\\ gulmkerdis SigniTa, tvinis ukana, xorxis qveda da zeda arteriebi\\\ beWqveSa, farisebri zeda, enis, xaxis aswvrivi arteriebi

\\\\ sad mdebareobs laviwqveSa arteria beW-laviwis samkuTxedSi:\\ laviwqveSa venis ukan da zeviT\\\ laviwqveSa venis win da zeviT\\\ laviwqveSa venis ukan da qveviT\\\ laviwqveSa venis win da qveviT

\\\\ kibisebr kunTTaSua sivrce winidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ mkerd-farisebri kunTiT\\\ mkerd-inis kunTiT\\\ far-inis kunTiT\\ wina kibisebri kunTiT\\\\ kibisebr kunTTaSua sivrceSi mdebareobs:\\ laviwqveSa arteria, mxris wnuli\\\ laviwqveSa arteria da vena\\\ laviwqveSa vena, mxris wnuli\\\ laviwqveSa arteria da gulmkerdis limfuri sadinari

\\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis wina kidis gaswvriv gatarebuliganakveTi gamoiyeneba:\\\ farisebr jirkvalze midgomisaTvis\\\ xaxaze midgomisaTvis\\\ sasuleze midgomisaTvis

\\ gaswvriv sisxlZarRvovan-nervul konasTan midgomisaTvis

\\\\ kisris Wrilobis SemTxvevaSi Wrilobis arxisTvis damaxasiaTebelia:\\\ swori mimarTuleba\\ daklakniloba\\\ gaswvrivi mimarTuleba\\\ iribi mimarTuleba

\\\\ ras miebjineba nemsis wveri viSnevskis mixedviT vago-simpaTikuriblokadis Sesrulebisas:\\\ saylapav mils\\ xerxemals\\\ farisebr jirkvals\\\ sasules

\\\\ romeli mxridan atareben abreSumis Zafis ligaturebs saerTo saZilearteriis qveS misi gadaskvnis dros:\\\ arteriis mxridan\\\ cTomili nervis mxridan\\ SigniTa sauRle venis mxridan\\\ mxar-Tavis Reros mxridan

\\\\ saerTo saZile arteriis gadaskvis dros or ligaturas Soris misigadakveTiT gamoiTiSeba arteriis kedlebSi mdebare simpaTikuri nervebi, racxels uwyobs:\\\ tkivilis Semcirebas operaciis Semdeg\\ anastomozebis gafarToebasa da kolateraluri sisxlis mimoqcevisganviTarebas\\\ sisxlis denis saimedod SeCerebas\\\ gulis muSaobis gaumjobesebas

\\\\ traqeostomia miznad isaxavs:\\ filtvebis sakmarisi ventilaciis pirobebis Seqmnas\\\ xmovani aparatis funqciis aRdgenas\\\ sasuleSi sisxlis mimoqcevis gaumjobesebas\\\ gulis muSaobis gaumjobesebas

\\\\ traqeostomiis dros sasuleSi haeris Sesvlaze miuTiTebs:\\ Zlieri xvela\\\ qoSini\\\ sisxlis wnevis momateba\\\ sisxlis wnevis dacema

\\\\ kisris Rrma jgufis kunTebia:\\\ kisris Rrma, zedapiruli, xerxemlis wina kunTebi\\\ kisris mokle, Tavis mokle, Tavis swori kunTebi\\\ kisris mokle, grZeli, Tavis swori kunTebi\\ kisris grZeli, Tavis grZeli, Tavis wina swori, Tavis lateraluri sworikunTebi

\\\\ kisris meoTxe fasciis visceruli furceli fasciur budeebs uqmnis:\\ kisris organoebs\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebr da trapeciul kunTebs\\\ xorxis wina da ukana kunTebs\\\ nuSisebr da sanerwyve jirkvlebs

\\\\ romeli samkuTxedis farglebSi mdebareobs pirogovis samkuTxedi?\\ qvedaybisqveSa\\\ saZile\\\ beW-sasulis\\\ beW-trapeciuli

\\\\ romel meTods iyeneben simpaTikuri wvelisa da cTomili nerviserTdrouli blokadisas:\\\ blokada janeliZis mixedviT\\\ blokada CaCavas mixedviT\\\ blokada opelis mixedviT\\ blokada viSnevskis mixedviT

\\\\ kisris pirveli fascia budes uqmnis\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebr kunTs\\\ kisris kibisebr kunTebs\\ kisris kanqveSa kunTs\\\ trapeciul kunTs\\\\ mkerdzeda aponevrozTaSorisi sivrce mdebareobs:\\\ kanqveSa qsovilSi\\\ pirvel da meore fasciebs Soris\\ meore da mesame fasciebs Soris\\\ mesame da meoTxe fasciebs Soris

\\\\ romeli samkuTxedis farglebSia laviwqveSa arteria, vena da mxriswnuli?\\\ qvedaybisqveSa\\ beW-laviwis\\\ beW-sasules\\\ beW-trapeciulis

\\\\ ratomaa gansakuTrebiT saxifaTo kiserze operaciebis dros venebisdazianeba:\\\ Tromboflebitis ganviTarebis gamo\\\ farisebri jirkvlis venebis Trombozis gamo\\ haerovani emboliis ganviTarebis gamo\\\ tvinis iSemiis gamo

\\\\ romeli fascia qmnis kisris TeTr xazs:\\\ pirveli\\\ meore\\ mesame\\\ meoTxe

\\\\ qvedaybisqveSa jirkvali uSualod exeba:\\\ yba-yuris jirkvals

\\\ farisebr jirkvals\\ qveda ybis Zvlis SigniTa zedapirs\\\ qveda ybis Zvlis gareTa zedapirs

\\\\ ra niSniT ganarCeven gareTa saZile arterias SigniTasagan WrilobaSi:\\ gamoyofili totebiT\\\ gverdiTi totebis ar arsebobiT\\\ daklaknilobiT\\\ “myvinTavi” msvlelobiT

\\\\ kisris fasciebs Seiswavlian:\\\\ ToiZis sqemiT\\\ demetraZis sqemiT\\\ ioselianis sqemiT\\ Sevkunenkos sqemiT

\\\\ sasulis wina sivrce warmoadgens previsceruli sivrcis im nawils,romelic mdebareobs:\\ farisebri jirkvlis yelis qvemoT\\\ farsiebri jirkvlis yelis zemoT\\\ sasulis bifurkaciis zemoT\\\ sasulis bifurkaciis qvemoT

\\\\ romeli samkuTxedis farglebSia saerTo saZile arteria, SigniTasauRle vena da cTomili nervi:\\\ beW-sasules\\\ beW-laviwis\\\ beW-trapeciulis\\ saZile

\\\\ kiseri zevidan mosazRvrulia:\\ qvedaybis kidiT, qedis zeda xaziT, kefis gareTa SemaRlebiT\\\ qvedaybis kidiT, gareTa sasmeni xvrelidan bregmamde gavlebuli xaziT\\\ qedis zeda xazis doneze gavlebuli horizontaluri sibrtyiT\\\ kefis gareTa SemaRlebasa da nikaps Soris gavlebuli xaziT

\\\\ kisris medialuri samkuTxedi zevidan mosazRvrulia:\\ qveda ybiT\\\ inis Zvlis sxeuliT\\\ sadgis-inis kunTiT\\\ ormucela kunTis ukana mucliT

\\\\ iniszeda midamoSi gamoiyofa:\\\ ybisqveSa da saZile samkuTxedebi\\ nikapqveSa da ybisqveSa samkuTxedebi\\\ beW-sasules da beW-trapeciuli samkuTxedebi\\\ beW-trapeciuli da ybisqveSa samkuTxedebi

\\\\ qvedaybisqveSa samkuTxedi Signidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ yba-inis kunTiT\\ ormucela kunTis ukana mucliT\\\ ena-inis kunTiT

\\\ nikap-inis kunTiT

\\\\ kisris lateraluri samkuTxedi uknidan mosazRvrulia:\\ trapeciuli kunTiT\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTiT\\\ wina kibisebri kunTiT\\\ Sua kibisebri kunTiT

\\\\ beW-trapeciuli (beW-mandilis) samkuTxedi uknidan moisazRvreba:\\ trapeciuli kunTiT\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTiT\\\ laviwiT\\\ qveda ybiT

\\\\ beW-laviwis samkuTxedi Signidan moisazRvreba\\\ inis ZvliT\\\ mkerd-farisebri kunTiT\\\ mkerd-inis kunTiT\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTiT

\\\\ sasules kisris nawilis qveda sazRvari uknidan Seesabameba:\\\ gulmkerdis V malis qveda kides\\\ gulmkerdis IV malis qveda kides\\\ gulmkerdis III malis qveda kides\\ gulmkerdis II malis qveda kides

\\\\ kisris midamos zerele warmonaqmnebia:\\ platizma, kanqveSa venebi, kanqveSa nervebi\\\ platizma, mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTi\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTi, kanqveSa venebi\\\ SigniTa sauRle vena, kanqveSa nervebi

\\\\ kisris wnulis totebia:\\\ laviwzeda, mkerdis medialuri da lateraluri nervebi\\\ kefis didi da nikapis nervebi\\\ kisris ganivi da mkerdis lateraluri nervebi\\ kefis mcire, yuris didi, kisris ganivi da laviwzeda nervebi

\\\\ pirogovis samkuTxedi qvevidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ enis nerviT\\ ormucela kunTis ukana muclis myesiT\\\ ormucela kunTis wina muclis myesiT\\\ enisqveSa nerviT

\\\\ farisebri jirkvlis fibrozuli kafsulisTvis damaxasiaTebelia:\\\ faravs jirkvlis gverdiT wilebs winidan\\\ faravs jirkvals da ar aris dakavSirebuli organos stromasTan\\ faravs jirkvals da mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli organos stromasTan\\\ faravs mxolod jirkvlis ukana zedapirs da mWidrodaa dakavSirebulisasulesTan

\\\\ farisebri jirkvlis fasciur budes qmnis

\\\ kisris meore fascia\\\ kisris mesame fascia\\\ kisris meoTxe fasciis pariesuli furceli\\ kisris IV fasciis visceruli furceli

\\\\ sad mdebareobs paraTiroiduli jirkvlebi:\\ farisebri jirkvlis gverdiTi wilebis ukan\\\ farisebri jirkvlis yelis sisqeSi\\\ fasciuri budis sisqeSi\\\ fibrozuli kafsulis sisqeSi

\\\\ a. thyroidea ima gamoeyofa:\\\ saxis arterias an SigniTa saZile arterias\\\ saxis arterias an gareTa saZile arterias\\ mxar-Tavis Reros an aortis rkals\\\ mxar-Tavis Reros an far-kisris Reros

\\\\ sasulesa da saylapav mils Soris arsebobs\\ sasule-saylapavi milis Rari\\\ sasule-saylapavi milis foso\\\ sasule-saylapavis SemaRleba\\\ sasule-saylapavis arxi

\\\\ saylapavi milis kisris nawilis gverdebze mdebareobs:\\ farisebri jirkvlis gverdiTi wilebis qveda boloebi\\\ farisebri jirkvlis yeli\\\ farisebri jirkvlis piramiduli wili\\\ mxar-Tavis Rero

\\\\ saZile samkuTxedi medialurad mosazRvrulia:\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTiT\\\ trapeciuli kunTiT\\\ mkerd-inis kunTiT\\ beW-inis kunTiT

\\\\ gareTa saZile arterias saZile samkuTxedSi gamoeyofa Semdegiarteriebi:\\\ farisebri zeda, farisebri qveda, xaxis aswvrivi, enis, xerxemlis\\ farisebri zeda, xaxis aswvrivi, enis, saxis, kefis, yuris ukana\\\ farisebri zeda, farisebri qveda, enis, safeTqlis zedapiruli\\\ farisebri zeda, xaxis aswvrivi, xorxis zeda, xorxis qveda

\\\\ saZile samkuTxedSi gareTa saZile arteriasa da mis totebs uknidangadauvlis:\\\ ena-xaxis nervi\\ xorxis zeda nervi\\\ simpaTikuri wveli\\\ enisqveSa nervi

\\\\ beW-laviwis samkuTxedSi gvxvdeba Semdegi fasciebi:\\ I, II, III, V

\\\ I, II, IV\\\ IV da V\\\ yvela fascia

\\\\ saZile samkuTxedSi sad mdebareobs SigniTa sauRle vena:\\\ saerTo saZile arteriis medialurad\\ saerTo saZile arteriis lateralurad\\\ saerTo saZile arteriis win\\\ saerTo saZile arteriis ukan

\\\\ kisris romel samkuTxedSi ufro mosaxerxebelia saerTo saZilearteriasTan operaciuli midgoma:\\\ beW-laviwis\\\ beW-trapeciuli\\\ pirogovis\\ saZile

\\\\ ramden nawilad SeiZleba daiyos laviwqveSa arteria sigrZeze:\\\ or nawilad\\ sam nawilad\\\ oTx nawilad\\\ xuT nawilad

\\\\ kibisebr-xerxemlis samkuTxedSi marjvena laviwqveSa arteriis winmdebareobs:\\\ SigniTa sasule vena\\ venuri kuTxe\\\ gulmkerdis limfuri sadinari\\\ simpaTikuri wvelis kvanZebi

\\\\ romeli arteriebi gamoeyofa laviwqveSa arteriidan gamosul far-kisrisReros:\\\ neknTaSua zemdebare, kisris Rrma arteriebi da zedapiruli arteriebi\\ farisebri qveda, beWzeda da kisris ganivi arteriebi\\\ farisebri zeda, kisris Rrma da gulmkerdis lateraluri arteriebi\\\ xerxemlis, gulmkerdis lateraluri da neknTaSua zemdebare arteriebi

\\\\ wina kibisebr sivrceSi gaivlis:\\ laviwqveSa vena\\\ laviwqveSa arteria\\\ xerxemlis arteria\\\ mxar-Tavis Rero

\\\\ ra moTxovnebia wamoyenebuli kiserze gavlebuli ganakveTebis mimarT:\\\ ganakveTi unda iyos SeZlebisamebr didi da racionaluri\\\ ganakveTi unda iyos rac SeiZleba patara, magram racionaluri\\\ ganakveTi unda iyos misaRebi mxolod kosmetikuri TvalsazrisiT

\\ ganakveTi unda iyos ara marto racionaluri, aramed misaRebi kosmetikuriTvalsazrisiTac

\\\\ kiserze ganivi ganakveTebi gamoyenebulia:\\ farisebr jirkvalze midgomisaTvis\\\ saZile arteriebTan midgomisaTvis\\\ saylapavi milis kisris nawilTan midgomis mizniT\\\ sasuleze midgomisaTvis

\\\\ xorxisa da sasulis Wrilobebis qirurgiuli damuSavebisas aucilebladakeTeben:\\ traqeostomias da previsceruli sivrcis tamponacias\\\ kisris vago-simpaTikur blokadas da traqeostomias\\\ diafragmis nervis alkoholizacias da retrovisceruli sivrcistamponacias\\\ farisebri jirkvlis rezeqcias da plevris Rrus drenirebas

\\\\ sad vrceldeba novokainis xsnari mcocavi infiltratis saxiT vago-simpaTikuri blokadis ganxorcielebisas:\\\ previscerul sivrceSi\\\ saylapavis irgvliv\\ xerxemlis wina fasciis gaswvriv\\\ kisris mesame fasciis gaswvriv

\\\\ saerTo saZile arteriis qveS gatarebul or ligaturas gadaskvnian:\\ erTmaneTisagan 1,5sm daSorebiT\\\ erTmaneTisagan 5sm daSorebiT\\\ erTmaneTisagan 4sm daSorebiT\\\ erTmaneTisagan 1,5mm daSorebiT

\\\\ sad ufro mizanSewonilia gareTa saZile arteriis gadaskvna:\\\ uSualod saerTo saZile arteriis bifurkaciis doneze\\\ yba-yuris jirkvlis sisqeSi\\ zeda farisebri arteriis gamosvlis Semdeg\\\ saxis arteriis gamosvlis Semdeg

\\\\ zeda traqeotomiis Sesrulebisas ganakveTs avleben:\\\ Sua xazis gverdiT farisebri xrtilis Sua donidan qveviT 6-7smmanZilze\\ zustad Sua xazze farisebri xrtilis Sua donidan qveviT 6-7sm manZilze\\\ zustad Sua xazze inis Zvlidan qveviT 6-7sm manZilze\\\ Sua xazis gverdiT inis Zvlidan qveviT 6-7sm manZilze

\\\\ Tireotoqsikuri Ciyvis dros akeTeben:\\\ farisebri jirkvlis erTi gverdiTi wilis amokveTas\\\ farisebri jirkvlis yelisa da gverdiTi wilis amokveTas\\\ farisebri jirkvlis arteriebis gadaskvnas\\ farisebri jirkvlis subfasciur subtotalur rezeqcias

\\\\ romeli fasciebi unda gaikveTos beW-sasules samkuTxedSi traqeostomiisdros:\\\ xuTive fascia

\\ yvela fascia me-5 fasciis garda\\\ I da II fascia\\\ I da IV fascia

\\\\ ramdeni fascia gamoiyofa kiserSi:\\\ 2\\\ 3\\\ 4\\ 5

\\\\ romel warmonaqmnebs uqmnis budes kisris mexuTe fascia?\\ xerxemlis wina kunTebsa da simpaTikur wvels\\\ xorxis wina kunTebsa da cTomil nervs\\\ kisris kanqveSa kunTsa da kisris kunTs\\\ kisris wnuls da mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebr kunTs\\\\ sad proecirdeba kisris wnuli:\\\ qvedaybis kuTxeSi\\\ laviwis Sua wertilSi\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis medialuri kidis Sua wertilSi\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis lateraluri kidis Sua wertilSi

\\\\ romeli anatomiuri warmonaqmnis mimarT akeTeben zeda, Sua da qvedatraqeostomias?\\\ beWdisebri xrtilis\\\ farisebri xrtilis\\\ inis Zvlis\\ farisebri jirkvlis yelis

\\\\ rogori formis farTobi uWiravs kisris mesame fascias:\\\ samkuTxedis\\\ rombis\\\ ovaluri\\ trapeciis

\\\\ CamoTvlilTagan sasules wina sivrceSi mdebareobs:\\\ xorxis zeda nervi, farisebri zeda arteria da vena, paraTiroidulijirkvlebi\\\ xorxis qveda nervi, farisebri qveda arteria, simpaTikuri wveli\\ farisebri kenti (venuri) wnuli, qveda farisebri venebi, farisebri yvelazeqveda arteria da vena\\\ xorxis venuri wnuli, farisebi yvelaze qveda arteria da vena

\\\\ romeli arteriis totia enis arteria?\\ gareTa saZile\\\ SigniTa saZile\\\ saxis\\\ farisebri zeda

\\\\ kisris Sua jgufis kunTebidan inis Zvlis qveviT mdebareobs\\\ ormucela, sadgis-inis, yba-inis da ena-inis kunTebi\\ mkerd-inis, mkerd-farisebri, far-inisa da beW-inis kunTebi\\\ far-inis, beW-inis, ena-inisa da ormucela kunTebi

\\\ Tavis grZeli kunTi, kisris grZeli kunTi, wina kibisebri kunTi

\\\\ meoTxe fasciis pariesuli furceli gadadis\\\ ukana SuasayarSi\\\ piris RruSi\\ wina SuasayarSi\\\ plevris pariesul furcelSi\\\\ ra gaivlis pirogovis samkuTedis fskeris qveS:\\\ SigniTa sauRle vena\\\ farisebri zeda arteria\\\ xorxis zeda arteria\\ enis arteria

\\\\ rogor axorcieleben farisebri jirkvlis subtotalur rezeqcias\\\ amoikveTeba gverdiTi wilebis zeda boloebi\\\ amoikveTeba gverdiTi wilebi\\\ amoikveTeba gverdiTi wilebi da yelis nawili\\ operacia keTdeba ise, rom adgilze darCes jirkvlis gverdiTi wilebismcire ukana nawilebi

\\\\ romeli fascia ukavSirdeba kisris TeTr xazs:\\\ pirveli\\ meore\\\ mesame\\\ meoTxe

\\\\ retrovisceruli sivrce mdebareobs:\\ kisris meoTxe fasciis viscerul furcelsa da xerxemlis wina fasciasSoris\\\ meoTxe fasciis pariesul da viscerul furclebs Soris\\\ pirvel da meore fasciebs Soris\\\ meore da mesame fasciebs Soris

\\\\ romeli arteriis aRmoCenisas iyeneben orientirad pirogovis samkuTxeds:\\\ gareTa saZile\\\ SigniTa saZile\\\ saerTo saZile\\ enis

\\\\ kiseri qvevidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ mkerdis Zvlis sauRle naWdevidan gulmkerdis I malis wvetian morCamdegavlebuli xaziT\\ sauRle naWdeviT, laviwiT da akromionidan kisris VII malis wvetianmorCamde gavlebuli xaziT\\\ laviwebis zeda kideebiT da akromionidan kefis gareTa SemaRlebamdegavlebuli xaziT\\\ akromionidan kisris V malis wvetian morCamde gavlebulihorizontaluri xaziT

\\\\ kisris medialuri samkuTxedi garedan mosazRvrulia:

\\\ mkerd-inis kunTiT\\\ beW-inis kunTiT\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTiT\\\ trapeciuli kunTiT

\\\\ nikapqveSa samkuTxedi gverdebidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ marjvena da marcxena ormucela kunTis ukana muclebiT\\\ qveda ybis kidiT da ormucela kunTis wina mucliT\\ marjvena da marcxena ormucela kunTis wina muclebiT\\\ ormucela kunTis wina mucliT da Sua xaziT

\\\\ qvedaybisqveSa samkuTxedi garedan mosazRvrulia:\\\ ormucela kunTis ukana mucliT\\\ sadgis-inis kunTiT\\\ sadgis-enis kunTiT\\ qveda ybis kidiT

\\\\ kisris lateraluri samkuTxedi qvevidan mosazRvrulia;\\\ inis ZvliT\\\ beW-inis kunTiT\\ laviwiT\\\ mkerdis sauRle naWdeviT

\\\\ beW-trapeciuli (beW-mandilis) samkuTxedi qvevidan moisazRvreba:\\\ trapeciuli kunTiT\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTiT\\\ laviwiT\\ beW-inis kunTis qveda mucliT

\\\\ sasules xrtilovani rkalebi erTmaneTTan dakavSirebulia:\\ beWdisebri iogebiT\\\ myesovani simebiT\\\ jvaredina iogebiT\\\ gaswvrivi iogebiT

\\\\ qveda nawilSi sasules gverdebidan exeba:\\\ SigniTa saZile arteriebi\\\ gareTa saZile arteriebi\\\ SigniTa sauRle venebi\\ saerTo saZile arteriebi

\\\\ haerovani emboliis ganviTarebis acilebisaTvis, operaciis dros kisrismidamos wvrili venebic:\\\ yuradRebiT unda datampondes\\ yuradRebiT unda gadaiskvnas da or kvanZs Sua gadaikveTos\\\ savaraudo ganakveTis irgvliv xelis TiTebiT unda daawven qsovilebs\\\ savaraudo ganakveTis irgvliv qsovilebi winaswar unda amoikeros

\\\\ qvedaybisqveSa sanerwyve jirkvali mdebareobs Zval-fasciur parkSi,romelic Seqmnilia:

\\\ kisris mesame fasciis furclebiTa da qveda ybis SigniTa zedapiriT\\ kisris meore fasciis furclebiTa da qveda ybis SigniTa zedapiriT\\\ kisris mesame fasciis furclebiTa da qveda ybis gareTa zedapiriT\\\ kisris meore fasciis furclebiTa da qveda ybis gareTa zedapiriT

\\\\ pirogovis samkuTxedi winidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ ena-inis kunTiT\\\ sadgis-inis kunTiT\\\ nikap-enis kunTiT\\ yba-inis kunTiT

\\\\ farisebri jirkvali garedan dafarulia:\\\ serozuli budiT\\\ xrtilovani budiT\\\ kunTovani budiT\\ fasciuri budiT

\\\\ farisebri jirkvlis yeli mdebareobs sasules wina zedapirze:\\\ VI xrtilovani rkalis farglebSi\\\ V-VI xrtilovani rkalebis farglebSi\\\ IV-V xrtilovani rkalebis farglebSi\\ I-III xrtilovani rkalebis farglebSi

\\\\ farisebr da paraTiroidul jirkvlebs sisxliT amaragebs:\\ ori zeda da ori qveda farisebri arteria, zogjer agreTvE a. thyroidea ima\\\ erTi zeda da ori qveda farisebri arteriebi\\\ ori zeda da erTi qveda farisebri arteriebi\\\ ori zeda, ori qveda farisebri arteriebi agreTve kisris Rrma arteria\\\\ saylapavi milis kisris nawili iwyeba:\\\ kisris III malis qveda kidesTan\\\ kisris IV malis qveda kidesTan\\\ kisris V malis qveda kidesTan\\ kisris VI malis qveda kidesTan

\\\\ saylapavi milis kisris nawili dasawyisSive ixreba:\\\ marjvniv\\\ win\\ marcxniv\\\ ukan

\\\\ saylapavi milis kisris nawilis ukan mdebareobs:\\\ kisris II fascia\\\ kisris III fascia\\\ kisris IV fascia\\ kisris V fascia

\\\\ saZile samkuTxedi lateralurad mosazRvrulia:\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTiT\\\ trapeciuli kunTiT\\\ mkerd-inis kunTiT\\\ mkerd-farisebri kunTiT

\\\\ farisebr zeda arterias gamoeyofa totebi:\\ inisqveda, mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri, xorxis zeda, beWd-farisebri\\\ inisqveda, iniszeda, beWd-farisebri, saxis\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri, xorxis zeda, xerxemlis, kisris Rrma\\\ inisqveda, iniszeda, xaxis aswvrivi, kisris ganivi

\\\\ saZile samkuTxedSi saerTo saZile arteriis wina zedapirebze daswvrivad eSveba:\\ kisris maryuJis zeda toti\\\ simpaTikuri wvelis kisris nawili\\\ diafragmis nervi\\\ xorxis qveda nervi

\\\\ beW-trapeciul samkuTxedSi gvxvdeba Semdegi fasciebi:\\\ I, II, III\\ I, II, V\\\ I, IV, V\\\ I, III, V

\\\\ beW-sasules samkuTxedi garedan da zevidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ ormucela kunTis wina mucliT\\\ ormucela kunTis ukana mucliT\\ beW-inis kunTis zeda mucliT\\\ beW-inis kunTis qveda mucliT

\\\\ kibisebr-xerxemlis samkuTxedi garedan mosazRvrulia:\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTiT\\ wina kibisebri kunTiT\\\ Sua kibisebri kunTiT\\\ ukana kibisebri kunTiT

\\\\ sad mdebareobs laviwqveSa arteriis pirveli nawili:\\\ kibisebr wina sivrceSi\\\ kibisebr kunTTaSua sivrceSi\\\ beW-sasules samkuTxedSi\\ kibisebr-xerxemlis samkuTxedSi

\\\\ kibisebr-xerxemlis samkuTxedSi marjvena laviwqveSa arterias qvevidanSemouvlis:\\\ kisris ganivi arteria\\\ xorxis zeda nervi\\ xorxis Sebrunebuli nervi\\\ SuasaZgidis nervi

\\\\ beW-laviwis samkuTxedSi gaivlis:\\ laviwqveSa arteria, laviwqveSa vena, mxris wnuli\\\ gareTa saZile arteria, SigniTa sauRle vena da cTomili nervi\\\ SigniTa saZile arteria, SigniTa sauRle vena, cTomili nervi\\\ laviwqveSa arteria, laviwqveSa vena, kisris wnuli

\\\\ wina kibisebri sivrce uknidan moisazRvreba:\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTiT\\ wina kibisebri kunTiT\\\ Sua kibisebri kunTiT\\\ ukana kibisebri kunTiT

\\\\ wina kibisebri kunTis wina zedapirze kisris V fasciis qveS gaivlis:\\\ xorxis zeda nervi\\\ xorxis qveda nervi\\ SuasaZgidis nervi\\\ cTomili nervi

\\\\ kiserze gaswvriv ganakveTebs iyeneben:\\\ gaswvriv sisxlZarRvovan-nervuli konasTan midgomis mizniT\\ kisris Sua nawilSi mdebare organoebze operaciuli CarevisaTvis\\\ kisris ukana nawilSi mdebare organoebTan midgomisaTvis\\\ avTvisebiani simsivneebis metastazebis amokveTis dros

\\\\ kiserze kombinirebuli ganakveTebiT sargebloben:\\\ gaswvriv sisxlZarRvovan-nervul konasTan midgomisaTvis\\\ sasulesTan midgomisaTvis\\\ farisebr jirkvalTan midgomisaTvis\\ simsivneebisa da Rrma limfuri kvanZebis amosakveTad

\\\\ mkerdzeda aponevrozTaSoris flegmona ixsneba:\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTebis medialur kideebs Soris gavlebuliganakveTiT\\\ mkerdis kuTxis doneze gavlebuli gaswvrivi ganakveTiT\\\ mkerdis Zvlis sxeulis SuaSi gavlebuli ganakveTiT\\ sauRle naWdevis doneze dawyebuli ganakveTiT, romelsac avleben Suaxazze qvevidan zeviT

\\\\ romeli simptomi viTardeba sworad Catarebuli vago-simpaTikuriblokadis dros:\\ klod-bernar-horneris simptomi\\\ kurvazies simptomi\\\ pirogovis simptomi\\\ janeliZis simptomi

\\\\ saerTo saZile arteriis ori ligaturiT gadaskvnisas zemo ligaturasadeben:\\\ bifurkaciidan 1mm daSorebiT\\\ bifurkaciidan 2mm daSorebiT\\\ bifurkaciidan 5mm daSorebiT\\ bifurkaciidan 1,5sm daSorebiT

\\\\ enis arteriasTan midgomis dros ganakveTs iwyeben mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTidan 1sm-iT win da avleben ganivi mimarTulebiT:\\\ qveda ybis kidesa da laviws Soris arsebuli manZilis SuaSi\\\ inis Zvlis did rqasa da laviws Soris arsebuli manZilis SuaSi\\\ qveda ybis kidis gayolebiT

\\ qveda ybis kidesa da inis Zvlis did rqas Soris manZilis SuaSi

\\\\ garda saerTo qirurgiulisa, romeli specialuri xelsawyoebiagankuTvnili traqeostomiisaTvis:\\\ didi zomis blagvi kavebi, sasulis ganakveTis gamganierebeli,traqeostomiuli kanula\\\ ramdenime kbiliani maxvili da blagvi kavebi, sasulis ganakveTisgamganierebeli, intubatori\\ erTkbiliani maxvili kavebi, mcire zomis blagvi kavebi, sasulisganakveTis gamaganierebeli, traqeotomiuli kanula\\\ mcire zomis blagvi kavebi, sasulis ganakveTis Semaviwrovebeli,traqeotomiuli kanula, intubatori

\\\\ farisebri jirkvlis subfasciuri subtotaluri rezeqciis droshemostazis Semdag farisebri jirkvlis takvs faraven:\\\ meoTxe fasciis pariesuli furcliT\\ jirkvlis fasciuri budiT da keraven\\\ kunTis nafleTiT mkvebav fexze\\\ sasules apkovani kedliT

\\\\ romeli fascia yofs erTmaneTisgan kisris wina da ukana nawilebs?\\ meore\\\ mesame\\\ meoTxe\\\ mexuTe

\\\\ kisris previsceruli sivrcis zeda nawilSi mdebareobs:\\\ saylapavi mili\\\ sasule\\ farisebri jirkvali\\\ mkerdukana jirkvali

\\\\ ra doneze xdeba saerTo saZile arteriis bifurkacia?\\\ qveda ybis kuTxis doneze\\ farisebri xrtilis zeda kidis doneze\\\ inis Zvlis doneze\\\ farisebri xrtilis Sua doneze

\\\\ kisris zedapirul kunTebs ekuTvnis:\\\ trapeciuli da mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri\\\ ormucela da sadgis-inis\\ kisris kanqveSa da mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri\\\ beW-inis da mkerd-enis

\\\\ kisris meoTxe fascia Seicavs:\\ pariesul da viscerul furclebs

\\\ SigniTa da gareTa furclebs\\\ zedapirul da Rrma furclebs\\\ faSar cximovan qsovils

\\\\ qvedaybisqveSa samkuTxedSi gaivlis:\\\ loyis arteria da vena, loyis nervi\\\ zedaybis arteria da frTisebri wnuli\\\ saxis arteria da vena, cTomili nervi\\ saxis arteria da vena, enisqveSa da enis nervebi

\\\\ ra doneze gamoeyofa xorxis Sebrunebuli nervebi cTomil nervs:\\\ farisebri jirkvlis yelis doneze\\ laviwqveSa arteriis qveS (marjvniv) da aortis rkalis win (marcxniv)\\\ qveda farisebri arteriis doneze\\\ zeda farisebri arteriis doneze

\\\\ kisris meore fascia budes uqmnis:\\\ platizmas\\ trapeciul da mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebr kunTebs\\\ beW-inis, mkerd-farisebr da far-inis kunTebs\\\ yba-inis, mkerd-inis, beW-inis kunTebs

\\\\ organoebis wina (previsceruli) sivrce moTavsebulia:\\\ kibisebr kunTTaSua sivrcis win\\\ kibisebr kunTTaSua sivrcis ukan\\\ kibisebr wina sivrcis win\\ meoTxe fasciis pariesul da viscerul furclebs Soris

\\\\ ramdeni kafsula aqvs farisebr jirkvals?\\ ori\\\ erTi\\\ sami\\\ oTxi

\\\\ ra mdebareoba unda hqondes avadmyofs traqeostomiis dros?\\ zurgze, Tavi gadaweulia ukan, beWebis qveS aqvs morgvi\\\ zurgze, Tavi mibrunebulia marcxniv, beWebis qveS aqvs morgvi\\\ zurgze, Tavi daxrili aqvs qveviT\\\ naxevradmjdomare mdgomareobaSi win daxrili TaviT

\\\\ romel kunTebs uqmnis budeebs kisris mesame fascia:\\ beW-inis, mkerd-farisebr da far-inis\\\ ormucela, sadgis-inis, yba-inis\\\ ormucela, mkerd-inis da sadgis-inis\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebr da trapeciul

\\\\ kisris kanqveSa venebia:\\\ kisris Sua vena, kisris wina sauRle vena, kisris SigniTa sauRle vena\\ kisris Sua vena, kisris wina sauRle vena, kisris gareTa sauRle vena\\\ kisris gaswvrivi vena, kisris gareTa sauRle vena, SigniTa sauRle vena\\\ kisris ganivi vena, gareTa sauRle vena

\\\\ rogor ganakveTs avleben farisebri jirkvlis subtotaluri rezeqciisdros:\\\ gaswvrivi mimarTulebis\\\ iribi mimarTulebis\\\ kombinirebul ganakveTs Ciyvis SemaRlebaze\\ sayelos mimarTulebiT Ciyvis SemaRlebaze qveviT gamodrekili rkalissaxiT

\\\\ kiserze sad isinjeba saerTo saZile arteriis pulsacia:\\\ qveda ybis kuTxesTan\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis lateralur kidesTan\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis medialur kidesTan zeda nawilSi\\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis dvrilisebr morCTan mimagrebisadgilze

\\\\ kisris medialuri samkuTxedi Signidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTiT\\\ beW-inis kunTiT\\\ mkerd-farisebri kunTiT\\ Sua xaziT

\\\\ nikapqveSa samkuTxedi qvemodan mosazRvrulia:\\\ ormucela kunTis ukana mucliT\\\ ormucela kunTis wina mucliT\\\ farisebri xrtiliT\\ inis Zvlis sxeuliT

\\\\ inisqveda midamos farglebSi kisris medialur samkuTxedSi beW-iniskunTi gamoyofs:\\\ beW-laviwisa da beW-sasules samkuTxedebs\\ saZile da beW-sasules samkuTxedebs\\\ qveda ybisqveSa da pirogovis samkuTxedebs\\\ beW-laviwisa da saZile samkuTxedebs

\\\\ kisris lateralur samkuTxedSi beW-inis kunTi gamoyofs:\\\ nikapqveSa da ybisqveSa samkuTxedebs\\\ ybisqveSa da pirogovis samkuTxedebs\\\ beW-sasulesa da saZile samkuTxedebs\\ beW-laviwis da beW-mandilis (beW-trapeciul) samkuTxedebs

\\\\ beW-laviwis samkuTxedi zevidan moisazRvreba:\\\ ormucela kunTis wina mucliT\\\ beW-inis kunTis zeda mucliT\\\ mkerd-inis kunTiT\\ beW-inis kunTis qveda mucliT

\\\\ sasules romeli kedelia apkovani:\\\ wina\\\ gverdiTi\\ ukana

\\\ zeda

\\\\ sasules ukana apkovan kedelTan urTierTobaSia:\\ saylapavi mili\\\ aortis rkali\\\ zeda Rru vena\\\ qveda Rru vena

\\\\ kisris midamos zerele nervebi warmoadgens:\\\ mxris wnulis grZel totebs\\\ samwvera nervis totebs\\ kisris wnulis totebs\\\ mxris wnulis mokle totebs

\\\\ qvedaybisqveSa jirkvlis sadinari ixsneba:\\ piris RruSi enisqveSa korZze\\\ piris karibWeSi qveda eSvis doneze\\\ piris RruSi enis lagamSi\\\ piris RruSi enis ZirSi

\\\\ farisebri jirkvali Sedgeba Semdegi nawilebisagan:\\\ ori gverdiTi wilisa da sxeulisagan\\\ ori gverdiTi wilisa da kudiani wilisagan\\ ori gverdiTi wilisa da yelisagan\\\ sami wilisagan da sxeulisagan

\\\\ farisebri jirkvlis kafsulsa da fasciur budes Soris arsebobs:\\ faSari SemaerTebelqsovilovani Canafeni\\\ lorwovani garsis Canafeni\\\ kunTovani Canafeni\\\ lorwovani parkebi

\\\\ farisebri jirkvlis gverdiTi wilebi mdebareobs:\\ farisebri xrtilis firfitebze, beWdisebri xrtilisa da sasulisgverdiT zedapirebze\\\ farisebri xrtilis firfitebze, inis Zvlis sxeulze da saylapavi miliswina zedapirze\\\ beWdisebr xrtilze, mxar-Tavis Reros wina zedapirze, simpaTikuri wveliswin\\\ farisebri xrtilis firfitebze, saerTo saZile arteriisa da SigniTasauRle venis wina zedapirze

\\\\ farisebri zeda arteria gamoeyofa:\\\ SigniTa saZile arterias\\ gareTa saZile arterias\\\ zedaybis arterias\\\ saxis arterias

\\\\ saylapavi milis kisris nawili aRwevs:\\ mkerdis Zvlis sauRle naWdevis donemde

\\\ mkerdis kuTxemde\\\ mkerdis taramde\\\ mkerdis Zvlis bolomde

\\\\ sasule-saylapavi milis Rari ufro mkafiod aris gamoxatuli:\\\ saylapavis zeda nawilSi\\\ erTnairadaa gamoxatuli orive mxareze\\ marcxena mxareze\\\ marjvena mxareze

\\\\ saylapavi milis kisris nawils sisxliT amaragebs:\\\ xorxis zeda arteria\\\ farisebri zeda arteria\\ farisebri qveda arteria\\\ xerxemlis arteria

\\\\ saZile samkuTxedi zevidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ ormucela kunTis wina muceliT\\\ sadgis_inis kunTiT\\ ormucela kunTis ukana muceliT\\\ trapeciuli kunTiT

\\\\ SigniTa sauRle vena saZile samkuTxedis qveda nawilSi dafarulia:\\\ saerTo saZile arteriiT\\\ trapeciuli kunTiT\\\ mkerd-farisebri kunTiT\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTiT

\\\\ kisris mTavari sisxlZarRvovan_nervuli konis budis ukan xerxmlis winasivrceSi mdebareobs:\\\ cTomili nervi\\\ xorxis zeda nervi\\ simpaTikuri wvelis kisris nawili\\\ gulmkerdis limfuri sadinari

\\\\ saZile samkuTxedSi cTomil nervs gamoeyofa:\\\ xorxis qveda, Sebrunebuli da sauRle nervebi\\\ xorxis zeda, sisxlis wnevis damwevi da SuasaZgidis nervebi\\\ xorxis zeda, qveda, SigniTa da gareTa saZile nervebi\\ xorxis zeda, sisxlis wnevis damwevi nervebi da gulis zeda totebi

\\\\ beW-sasules samkuTxedi garedan da qvevidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ ormucela kunTis ukana mucliT\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTiT\\\ ormucela kunTis wina mucliT\\\ beW-inis kunTis qveda mucliT

\\\\ kibisebr-xerxemlis samkuTxedi Signidan mosazRvrulia:

\\\ sasuleTi da Tavis lateraluri swori kunTiT\\\ xorxiT da Tavis wina swori kunTiT\\ xerxemliTa da kisris grZeli kunTiT\\\ xerxemliT da Tavis wina swori kunTiT

\\\\ sad mdebareobs laviwqveSa arteriis meore nawili:\\\ kibisebr wina sivrceSi\\ kibisebr kunTTaSua sivrceSi\\\ beW-laviwis samkuTxedSi\\\ kibisebr-xerxemlis samkuTxedSi

\\\\ kibisebr-xerxemlis samkuTxedSi marcxena laviwqveSa arteriis winmdebareobs:\\\ venuri kuTxe\\\ simpaTikuri wvelis kvanZebi\\\ damatebiTi nervi\\ laviwqveSa vena

\\\\ sad mdebareobs laviwqveSa vena beW-laviwis samkuTxedSi:\\\ laviwqveSa arteriis ukan da zeviT\\ laviwqveSa arteriis win da qveviT\\\ laviwqveSa arterias gadauvlis ganivad win\\\ laviwqveSa arterias gadauvlis ganivad uknidan

\\\\ wina kibisebri sivrce qvevidan moisazRvreba:\\\ laviwiT\\\ sauRle naWdeviT\\\ laviwqveSa kunTiT\\ pirveli nekniT

\\\\ kibisebr kunTTaSua sivrce qvevidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ laviwiT\\ pirveli nekniT\\\ sauRle naWdeviT\\\ laviwqveSa kunTiT

\\\\ sad avleben irib ganakveTebs kiserze?\\\ trapeciuli kunTis wina an ukana kidis gaswvriv\\\ beW-inis kunTis zeda muclis zeda an qveda kideebis gaswvriv\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis wina (medialuri) kidis gaswvriv\\\ beW-inis kunTis qveda muclis zeda an qveda kidis gaswvriv

\\\\ Cazneqili da uZravi nawiburis ganviTarebis acilebis mizniT kiserzezogierTi operaciis dros:\\ yvela Sres erT sibrtyeSi ar kveTen\\\ yvela Sres erT sibrtyeSi kveTen\\\ gamoiyeneben kuTxovan ganakveTebs\\\ gamoiyeneben kombinirebul ganakveTebs

\\\\ sad xorcieldeba Cxvleta viSnevskis mixedviT vago-simpaTikuriblokadis dros:\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis ukana kidis Sua wertilis odnav zemoT

\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis ukana kidis zeda mesamedis sazRvarze\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis wina kidis SuaSi\\\ mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis ukana kidis Sua wertilis odnav qvemoT

\\\\ raSi mdgomareobs klod-bernar-horneris simptomi, romelic aRiniSnebawarmatebiT Catarebuli vago-simpaTikuri blokadis Semdeg:\\ gugisa da Tvalis napralis Seviwroveba, Tvalis kaklis Caweva dablokadis mxareze saxis hiperemia\\\ gugisa da Tvalis napralis gafarToeba, saxis hiperemia\\\ egzofTalmi, saxis hiperemia da gaxSirebuli sunTqva\\\Tvalis napralis Seviwroveba, cremlis dena da tuCebis lorwovanisgafermkrTaleba

\\\\ saerTo saZile arteriis gadaskvnisas arterias ligaturebs SorisgadakveTen, ris Sedegadac:\\ gamoiTiSeba mis kedlebSi mdebare simpaTikuri nervebi\\\ gaZlierdeba nivTierebaTa cvla arteriis kedlebSi\\\ aRar arsebobs Trombis ganviTarebis safrTxe\\\ SigniTa sauRle venaSi gaizrdeba sisxlis nakadis siCqare

\\\\ pirogovis samkuTxedis garda enis arteriis gadaskvna SeiZleba:\\\ beW-sasulis samkuTxedSi\\\ beW-laviwis samkuTxedSi\\ saZile samkuTxedSi\\\ enis sisqeSi

\\\\ qveda traqeostomiis dros ganakveTs avleben:\\\ zustad Sua xazze inis Zvlidan mkerdis Zvlis sauRle naWdevamde\\\ zustad Sua xazze mkerdis Zvlis taridan farisebri xrtilis zedakidemde\\\ zustad Sua xazze mkerdis Zvlis sauRle naWdevidan nikapamde\\ zustad Sua xazze mkerdis Zvlis sauRle naWdevidan beWdisebr xrtilamde

\\\\ CamoTvaleT kisris midamos Rrma kunTTaSua sivrceebi:\\\ zedapiruli kibisebri da Rrma kibisebri\\\ wina kibisebri da ukana kibisebri\\\ kibisebr zeda da kibisebr qveda\\ wina kibisebri da kibisebr kunTTaSua

\\\\ muclis Rru zevidan moisazRvreba:\\\ ganivi kolinjiT da misi jorjliT\\\ RviZlis da elenTis SuasaZgidismxrivi zedapirebiT\\ SuasaZgidiT

\\\ sasazRvro xazebze gavlebuli sibrtyiT

\\\\ CamoTvaleT Tiaqris Semadgeneli elementebi:\\ Tiaqris kari, parki da SigTavsi\\\ Tiaqris parki, sisxlZarRvebi da nervebi\\\ Tiaqris SigTavsi, peritoneumi da kunTi\\\ Tiaqris kunTi, nawlavebi da nervebi

\\\\ gamyof sazRvars muclis Rrusa da mcire menjs Soris warmoadgens:\\\ menjis SuasaZgidi\\\ Sard-sasqeso SuasaZgidi\\ sasazRvro xazebze gavlebuli horizontaluri sibrtye\\\ wvetTaSua xazebze gavlebuli sibrtye

\\\\ ras warmoadgens Tiaqris kari?\\\ defeqti lorwovan garsSi\\\ defeqti serozul garsSi\\\ defeqti lulovan ZvlebSi\\ defeqti kunTovan-aponevrozul SreSi, romliTac gamodis Tiaqris parki

\\\\ muclis wina-gverdiTi kedlis zedapirul Sreebs miekuTvneba:\\\ mxolod kani da kanqveSa cximovani qsovili\\ mxolod kani, kanqveSa cximovani qsovili da kanqveSa fascia\\\ kani, kanqveSa cximovani qsovili, kanqveSa fascia, sakuTari fascia\\\ kanqveSa fascia, sakuTari fascia da muclis gareTa iribi kunTi

\\\\ ras warmoadgens Tiaqris parki?\\\ lorwovani garsi, romelic gamodis kedlis defeqtidan\\\ aponevrozis furceli\\\ kunTovani qsoviliT Camoyalibebuli parki\\ pariesuli peritoneumi, romelic gamodis kanqveS defeqtis gziT

\\\\ muclis wina-gverdiTi kedlis Sua Sreebs qmnis:\\\ kanqveSa cximovani qsovili da kanqveSa fascia\\\ kanqveSa fascia da sakuTari fascia\\ muclis presis kunTebi\\\ ganivi fascia da subserozuli qsovili

\\\\ ras warmoadgens Tiaqris SigTavsi?\\ muclis Rrus romelime moZrav organos\\\ kuWis SigTavss\\\ wvrili nawlavebis SigTavss\\\ msxvili nawlavebis SigTavss

\\\\ muclis wina-gverdiTi kedlis Rrma Sreebs qmnis:\\\ sakuTari fascia da muclis presis kunTebi\\\ mxolod muclis presis kunTebi\\\ mxolod ganivi fascia\\ ganivi fascia, subserozuli qsovili da peritoneumi

\\\\ramdeni etapisagan Sedgeba sazardulis Tiaqris operacia?

\\\ xuTi etapisagan\\\ oTxi etapisagan\\ sami etapisagan\\\ ori etapisagan

\\\\ sazardulis Tiaqris parkis daSvebas barZayis wina zedapirzeewinaaRmdegeba:\\\ kanqveSa cximovani qsovili\\\ subserozuli qsovili\\\ peritoneumi\\ muclis sakuTari fascia

\\\\ sazardulis (pupartis) iogs qmnis:\\\ muclis SigniTa iribi kunTis aponevrozi\\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozis zeda kide\\\ muclis ganivi kunTis aponevrozi\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozis qveda kide

\\\\ muclis swori kunTis budis wina firfitas gulmkerdze qmnis:\\\ muclis SigniTa iribi kunTis aponevrozi\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozi\\\ muclis SigniTa iribi kunTis aponevrozis wina furceli\\\ muclis SigniTa iribi kunTis aponevrozis ukana furceli

\\\\ muclis swori kunTis budis wina firfitas swori kunTis zeda 2/3-isfarglebSi qmnis:\\ gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozi da SigniTa iribi kunTis aponevroziswina furceli\\\ gareTa da SigniTa iribi kunTebis aponevrozebi\\\ muclis SigniTa iribi kunTis aponevrozis ukana furceli\\\ ganivi kunTis aponevrozi

\\\\ muclis swori kunTis budis ukana fifritas am kunTis qveda 1/3-Si qmnis:\\\ muclis SigniTa iribi kunTis aponevrozi\\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozi\\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozi da SigniTa iribi kunTisaponevrozis ukana furceli\\ ganivi fascia

\\\\ muclis TeTri xazi gadaWimulia:\\\ Wipidan boqvenis simfizamde\\\ maxviliseburi morCidan Wipamde\\\ maxviliseburi morCidan Wipisa da boqvenis simfizis SemaerTebeli xazisSua wertilamde\\ maxviliseburi morCidan boqvenis simfizamde

\\\\ muclis TeTri xazis wina zedapirTan Sezrdilia:\\ muclis sakuTari fascia\\\ ganivi fascia\\\ subserozuli qsovili\\\ kanqveSa cximovani qsovili

\\\\ muclis TeTri xazis ukana zedapirTan Sezrdilia:\\\ tompsonis firfita\\\ pupartis iogi\\ ganivi fascia\\\ subserozuli qsovili

\\\\ intrauterinuli ganviTarebis periodSi mofunqcie Sardsavalisobliteraciis Sedegad yalibdeba:\\\ Wipis medialuri iogebi\\ Wipis Sua iogi\\\ RviZlis namglisebri iogi\\\ RviZlis mrgvali iogi

\\\\ intrauterinuli ganviTarebis periodSi Wipis rgolSi gamavali Wipisarteriebis obliteraciis Sedegad yalibdeba:\\ Wipis medialuri iogebi\\\ Wipis Sua iogi\\\ RviZlis namgliseburi iogi\\\ RviZlis mrgvali iogi

\\\\ intrauterinuli ganviTarebis periodSi Wipis rgolSi gamavali Wipisvenis obliteraciis Sedegad yalibdeba:\\\ Wipis Sua iogi\\ RviZlis mrgvali iogi\\\ Wipis medialuri iogebi\\\ Wipis marjvena lateraluri iogi

\\\\ zeda da qveda epigastruli arteriebi Tavsdebian:\\\ muclis gareTa da SigniTa irib kunTebs Soris\\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis wina zedapirze\\\ muclis ganivi kunTis ukana zedapirze\\ muclis swori kunTis ukana zedapirze

\\\\ qveda epigastruli arteria gamodis:\\\ TeZos SigniTa arteriidan\\ TeZos gareTa arteriidan\\\ barZayis arteriidan\\\ TeZos saerTo arteriidan

\\\\ zedapiruli epigastruli arteria gamodis:\\\ barZayis Rrma arteriidan\\ barZayis arteridan\\\ gareTa sasircxo arteriidan\\\ barZayis Semomxvevi medialuri arteriidan

\\\\ TeZo-muclis nervi muclis wina kedlis farglebSi gaivlis:\\\ muclis SigniTa irib da ganiv kunTebs Soris\\\ TeTri xazis ukan\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozsa da SigniTa irib kunTebs Soris\\\ muclis swori kunTis win

\\\\ sazardulis samkuTxedi zevidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ sazardulis iogis Sua da SigniTa mesamedebis sazRvarze gavlebulihorizontaluri xaziT\\ TeZos wina zeda wvetis doneze gavlebuli horizontaluri xaziT\\\ sazardulis iogiT\\\ sazardulis iogis Sua wertilis doneze gavlebuli horizontalurixaziT

\\\\ sazardulis samkuTxedi qvevidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ TeZos wina zeda wvetis doneze gavlebuli horizontaluri xaziT\\ sazardulis iogiT\\\ sazardulis iogis Sua wertilis doneze gavlebuli horizontalurixaziT\\\ xaziT, romelic Seesabameba sazardulis iogsa da muclis swori kunTislateralur kides Soris arsebuli kuTxis biseqtrisas

\\\\ sazardulis samkuTxedi Signidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ TeZos wina qveda wvetis doneze gavlebuli horizontaluri xaziT\\ muclis swori kunTis lateraluri kidiT\\\ muclis swori kunTis medialuri kidiT\\\ TeZos wina zeda wvetis da Wipis SemaerTebeli xaziT

\\\\ sazardulis arxis wina kedels qmnis:\\\ muclis SigniTa iribi kunTi\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozi\\\ ganivi fascia\\\ muclis ganivi kunTi

\\\\ sazardulis arxis ukana kedels qmnis:\\\ muclis SigniTa iribi kunTi\\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTi\\ ganivi fascia\\\ muclis ganivi kunTi

\\\\ sazardulis arxis zeda kedels qmnis:\\ muclis SigniTa iribi kunTi da ganivi kunTebis qveda kideebi\\\ muclis swori kunTis lateraluri kide\\\ muclis swori kunTis medialuri kide\\\ ganivi fascia

\\\\ sazardulis arxis qveda kedels qmnis:\\ sazardulis iogi\\\ Sebrunebuli iogi\\\ muclis swori kunTis lateraluri kide\\\ muclis swori kunTis medialuri kide

\\\\ sazardulis Sualedi moTavsebulia:

\\\ gareTa da SigniTa irib kunTebs Soris\\\ SigniTa irib da ganiv kunTebs Soris\\\ sazardulis iogis qvemoT\\ ganivi kunTis qveda kidesa da sazardulis iogs Soris

\\\\ sazardulis zedapiruli rgoli zevidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozis lateraluri fexiT\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozis medialuri fexiT\\\ fexTaSua ZafebiT\\\ Sebrunebuli iogiT

\\\\ sazardulis Rrma rgoli mosazRvrulia:\\\ sazardulis, Sebrunebuli da jimbernas iogiT\\ muclis ganivi kunTis qveda kidiT, sazardulis da ormoTaSoris iogiT\\\ ormoTaSorisi, Sebrunebuli iogiT da muclis swori kunTi lateralurikidiT\\\ jimbernas iogiT, Sebrunebuli iogiT da muclis ganivi kunTis qvedakidiT

\\\\ sazardulis iribi Tiaqari viTardeba:\\\ sazardulis medialuri fosodan\\ sazardulis lateraluri fosodan\\\ buStzeda fosodan\\\ buSt-saSvilosnos CaRrmavebidan

\\\\ sazardulis swori Tiaqari viTardeba:\\\ buStzeda fosodan\\ sazardulis medialuri fosodan\\\ sazardulis lateraluri fosodan\\\ buSt-saSvilosnos CaRrmavebidan

\\\\ romeli warmonaqmni hyofs muclis Rrus sarTulebad?\\\ kuWi\\\ mcire badeqoni\\\ ganivi kolinji\\ ganivi kolinji da misi jorjali

\\\\ muclis Rrus jirkvlovan sarTulSi moTavsebulia:\\\ RviZlis abga, kuWis wina abga\\ RviZlis abga, kuWis wina abga, badeqonis abga\\\ gverdiTi arxebi\\\ jorjlis ubeebi

\\\\ RviZlis abgas kuWis wina abgisagan gamohyofs:\\\ RviZlis mrgvali iogi\\ RviZlis namglisebri da gvirgvinovani iogi\\\ naRvlis buSti\\\ mcire badeqoni

\\\\ badeqonis xvreli mosazRvrulia:\\\ RviZl-kuWis iogiT, qveda Rru veniT, RviZlis kudiani wiliT,Tormetgoja-Tirkmlis iogiT\\\ RviZl-Tormetgojas iogiT, zeda Rru veniT, RviZlis kudiani wiliT,Tormetgoja-Tirkmlis iogiT\\ RviZl-Tormetgojas iogiT, pariesuli peritoneumiT, romelic faravsqveda Rru venas, RviZlis kudiani wiliT, Tormetgoja-Tirkmlis iogiT\\\ RviZl-Tormetgoja iogiT, pariesuli peritoneumiT, romelic faravsmuclis aortas, RviZlis kudiani wiliT, Tormetgoja-Tirkmlis iogiT

\\\\ nawlavTa sarTulSi moTavsebulia:\\\ marjvena da marcxena gverdiTi arxebi, jorjlis marjvena da marcxenaubeebi, RviZlisa da elenTis jibeebi\\ marjvena da marcxena gverdiTi arxebi, jorjlis marjvena da marcxenaubeebi\\\ marjvena da marcxena gverdiTi arxebi, RviZlisa da elenTis jibeebi\\\ jorjlis marjvena da marcxena ubeebi

\\\\ skeletotopiurad kuWis kardia da pilorusi mdebareobs:\\\ kardia mdebareobs gulmkerdis XI malis doneze xerxemlis marjvniv,pilorusi—welis I malis doneze xerxemlis marcxniv\\\ kardia mdebareobs gulmkerdis X malis doneze xerxemlis marjvniv,pilorusi—welis I malis doneze xerxemlis marjvniv\\\ kardia mdebareobs gumkerdis IX malis doneze, pilorusi—welis I malisdoneze\\ kardia mdebareobs gulmkerdis XI malis doneze xerxemlis marcxniv,pilorusi—welis I malis doneze xerxemlis marjvniv

\\\\ kuWis wina zedapiri exeba:\\\ marjvnidan—RviZli, marcxnidan—elenTa, SuaSi—muclis wina kedeli\\\ marjvnidan—RviZli da naRvlis buSti, marcxnidan—SuasaZgidisneknebiseuli nawili, SuaSi—muclis wina kedeli\\ marjvnidan—RviZli, marcxnidan—SuasaZgidis neknebiseuli nawili,SuaSi—muclis wina kedeli\\\ marjvnidan—naRvlis buSti, marcxnidan—SuasaZgidis neknebiseulinawili, SuaSi—muclis wina kedeli

\\\\ kuWis ukana kedels exeba:\\\ pankreasi, qveda Rru vena, aorta\\\ SuasaZgidi (Ziris areSi), pankreasi, aorta, marcxena Tirkmeli\\\ SuasaZgidi (Ziris areSi), pankreasi, qveda Rru vena, aorta, marcxenaTirkmelzeda jirkvali\\ SuasaZgidi (Ziris areSi), pankreasi, marcxena Tirkmlis zeda polusi damarcxena Tirkmelzeda jirkvali

\\\\ CamoTvaleT kuWis iogebi:\\\ kuW-SuasaZgidis, kuW-elenTis iogebi, kuW-pankreasis marjvena da marcxenanaoWebi\\\ RviZl-kuWis, RviZl-Tormetgojas, kuW-elenTis iogebi\\\ RviZl-kuWis, RviZl-Tormetgojas, kuW-elenTis, kuW-kolinjis iogebi

\\ kuW-SuasaZgidis, RviZl-kuWis, RviZl-Tormetgojas, kuW-elenTis, kuW-kolinjis iogebi

\\\\ kuWis mcire simrudeze ganlagebulia arteriebi:\\ kuWis marcxena arteria, kuWis marjvena arteria\\\ kuWis marcxena arteria, RviZlis sakuTari arteria da kuWis marjvenaarteria\\\ kuWis marcxena arteria, RviZlis saerTo arteria da kuWis marjvenaarteria\\\ kuWis marcxena arteria, kuWis marjvena arteria, kuWis mokle arteriebi

\\\\ kuWis did simrudeze ganlagebulia arteriebi:\\\ kuW-badeqonis marcxena arteria, kuW-badeqonis marjvena arteria, kuW-Tormetgojas arteria\\\ kuW-badeqonis marcxena arteria, kuW-badeqonis marjvena arteria, kuWismokle arteriebi\\ kuW-badeqonis marcxena arteria, kuW-badeqonis marjvena arteria\\\ kuWis marcxena arteria, kuWis marjvena arteria, kuWis mokle arteriebi

\\\\ kuWis inervaciaSi monawileoben:\\\ cTomili nervebi\\ cTomili nervebisa da faSvis wnulis totebi\\\ cTomili da diafragmis nervebi\\\ Signeulobis didi da mcire nervebi

\\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis zeda nawils peritoneumi faravs:\\\ irgvliv\\ misi zedapiris 3/4-s\\\ mxolod winidan\\\ peritoneul safarvels mTlianad moklebulia

\\\\ sad mdebareobs Tormetgoja-mlivi nakeci?\\\ welis I malis doneze xerxemlis marjvniv\\\ welis II malis doneze xerxemlis marjvniv\\\ welis I malis doneze xerxemlis marcxniv\\ welis II malis doneze xerxemlis marcxniv

\\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavs sisxliT amaragebs:\\ pankreas-Tormetgojas zeda da qveda arteriebi\\\ pankreas-Tormetgojas zeda da qveda arteriebi, kolinjis marjvenaarteria\\\ kuWis marcxena da marjvena arteriebi\\\ kolinjis marjvena da Sua arteriebi

\\\\ marcxena sagitaluri Raris wina nawilSi mdebareobs:\\\ RviZlis sakidi iogi\\ RviZlis mrgvali iogi\\\ RviZlis gvirgvinovani iogi

\\\ RviZlis venuri iogi

\\\\ RviZlis marcxena sagitaluri Raris ukana nawilSi mdebareobs:\\\ RviZlis sakidi iogi\\\ karis vena\\\ RviZlis mrgvali iogi\\ venuri iogi

\\\\ RviZlis marjvena sagitaluri Raris wina nawilSi mdebareobs:\\\ naRvlis sadinari\\ naRvlis buSti\\\ qveda Rru vena\\\ RviZlis mrgvali iogi

\\\\ RviZlis marjvena sagitaluri Raris ukana nawilSi mdebareobs:\\\ RviZlis mrgvali iogi\\ qveda Rru vena\\\ gvirgvinovani iogi\\\ venuri iogi

\\\\ sad mdebareobs RviZlis kari:\\ ganiv RarSi\\\ marcxena sagitalur RarSi\\\ marjvena sagitalur RarSi\\\ RviZlis SuasaZgidismxriv zedapirze, centrSi

\\\\ sad mdebareobs RviZlis kavaluri kari:\\\ ganiv RarSi\\\ venuri iogis napralSi\\\ mrgvali iogi napralSi\\ Rru venis RarSi

\\\\ RviZlis kariT organoSi Sedis:\\\ RviZlis saerTo arteria, karis vena, nervebi\\\ RviZlis sakuTari arteria, karis vena, nervebi\\\ RviZlis saerTo arteria, RviZlis sadinari, nervebi\\ RviZlis sakuTari arteria, karis vena da nervebi

\\\\ RviZlis kariT organodan gamodis:\\\ karis vena, limfuri ZarRvebi\\\ RviZlis venebi, limfuri ZarRvebi\\ RviZlis saerTo sadinari da limfuri ZarRvebi\\\ karis vena

\\\\ RviZlis karSi arsebuli warmonaqmnebis urTierToba:\\\ marcxniv mdebareobs RviZlis arteria, marjvniv—RviZlis sadinari, maTSoris karis vena

\\\ marcxniv mdebareobs RviZlis sakuTari arteria, marjvniv—RviZlissadinari, maT Soris RviZlis vena\\ marcxniv RviZlis arteria, marjvniv—RviZlis sadinari, maT Soris daukan—karis vena\\\ marcxniv—RviZlis saerTo arteria, marjvniv—RviZlis sadinrebi

\\\\ RviZlis marcxena wilis visceralur zedapirs exeba:\\\ ganivi kolinji da marjvena Tirkmeli\\\ kuWi da Tormetgoja nawlavi\\\ ganivi kolinji da kolinjis marjvena nakeci\\ kuWi

\\\\ RviZlis kvadratuli wilis visceruli zedapiri exeba:\\\ kuWsa da Tormetgoja nawlavs\\ Tormetgoja nawlavs\\\ ganiv kolinjsa da kolinjis marjvena nakecs\\\ kolinjis marjvena nakecsa da Tormetgoja nawlavs

\\\\ RviZlis marjvena wilis viscerul zedapirs exeba:\\\ kuWi\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavi\\ ganivi kolinji, kolinjis marjvena nakeci, marjvena Tirkmeli daTirkmelzeda jirkvali\\\ ganivi kolinji, kolinjis marjvena nakeci da Tormetgoja nawlavi

\\\\ romeli iogebia gadaWimuli RviZlsa da sxva organoebs Soris:\\ RviZl-kuWis iogi, RviZl-Tormetgojas iogi\\\ RviZl-kuWis iogi, RviZl-Tormetgojas iogi, namglisebri iogi\\\ mrgvali da namglisebri iogebi\\\ gvirgvinovani da samkuTxa iogebi

\\\\ RviZl-Tormetgoja iogis sisqeSi moTavsebulia:\\ marcxniv—RviZlis sakuTari arteria, marjvniv—naRvlis saerTo sadinari,maT Soris da ukan—karis vena\\\ marcxniv—RviZlis saerTo arteria, marjvniv—naRvlis saerTo sadinari,maT Soris da ukan—karis vena\\\ marcxniv—RviZlis saerTo arteria, marjvniv—naRvlis saerTo sadinari,maT Soris karis vena\\\ marcxniv—RviZlis sakuTari arteria, marjvniv—naRvlis saerTo sadinari

\\\\ sad Seiqmneba karis vena:\\\ pankreasis sxeulis ukan\\\ RviZl-Tormetgoja iogSi\\ pankreasis Tavis ukan\\\ RviZlis karSi

\\\\ romeli venebi qmnian karis venas:\\ jorjlis zeda, jorjlis qveda da elenTis venebi

\\\ jorjlis zeda, jorjlis qveda da RviZlis venebi\\\ RviZlis, elenTis, Tirkmlis venebi\\\ jorjlis zeda, jorjlis qveda, kuWisa da pankreasis venebi

\\\\ uxSiresad RviZlis ramdeni vena gvxvdeba:\\\ oTxi—marjvena (ori), marcxena (ori)\\\ ori—marjvena da marcxena\\ sami—marjvena, Sua da marcxena\\\ erTi—RviZlis vena

\\\\ ras uerTdebian RviZlis venebi:\\\ karis venas\\ qveda Rru venas\\\ kuWis venebs\\\ elenTis venas

\\\\ RviZlis inervacia xorcieldeba:\\\ cTomili nervebiT\\\ faSvis wnuliT\\\ marjvena da marcxena SuasaZgidis nervebiT da faSvis wnuliT\\ cTomili nervebiT, faSvis wnuliT da marjvena SuasaZgidis nerviT

\\\\ kuinos mixedviT RviZlSi gamoiyofa:\\ 2 wili, 5 seqtori, 8 segmenti\\\ 4 wili, 5 seqtori, 8 segmenti\\\ 3 wili, 4 seqtori, 10 segmenti\\\ 4 wili, 4 seqtori, 10 segmenti

\\\\ naRvlis buStis qveda zedapiri exeba:\\\ pilorussa da wvrili nawlavis maryuJebs\\\ ganiv kolinjsa da wvrili nawlavis maryuJebs\\\ Tormetgojas zeda nawilsa da wvrili nawlavis maryuJebs\\ ganiv kolinjs, piloruss da Tormetgojas zeda nawils

\\\\ naRvlis buStis Ziri proeqcirdeba:\\\ muclis swori kunTis medialuri kidisa da neknTa rkalis gadakveTisadgilze\\ muclis swori kunTis lateraluri kidisa da neknTa rkalis gadakveTisadgilze\\\ neknTa rkalisa da wina aqsilaruli xazis gadakveTis adgilze\\\ maxvilisebri morCis qveS

\\\\ kalos samkuTxedis sazRvrebia:\\ naRvlis buStis sadinari, RviZlis saerTo sadinari, RviZlis arteriismarjvena toti\\\ naRvlis buStis sadinari, RviZlis saerTo sadinari, RviZlis arteria\\\ naRvlis buStis sadinari, RviZlis saerTo sadinari, naRvlis buStisarteria\\\ Tormetgojas zeda nawili, pankreasi, Tirkmeli

\\\\ romel nawilebs ganarCeven naRvlis saerTo sadinarSi:\\ supraduodenuri, retroduodenuri, retropankreatuli da intramuruli\\\ retrocekaluri, retroduodenuri da supraduodenuri\\\ eqstramuruli, intramuruli, da retroduodenuri\\\ intraduodenuri, retropankreatuli da eqstramuruli

\\\\ pankreasis Tavis ukan mdebareobs:\\ naRvlis saerTo sadinari, karis vena, qveda Rru vena\\\ naRvlis saerTo sadinari da pankreasis sadinari\\\ karis vena, qveda Rru vena, marjvena Tirkmeli\\\ qveda Rru vena da cTomili nervi

\\\\ pankreasis sxeulis wina zedapirs exeba:\\\ wvrili nawlavis maryuJebi\\\ mliv-Tormetgojas nakeci da wvrili nawlavebis maryuJebi\\ kuWi\\\ aswvrivi kolinji

\\\\ pankreasis sxeulis ukan gaivlis:\\\ elenTis vena\\\ jorjlis zeda sisxlZarRvebi, faSvis wnuli\\\ wrbolis cisterna, marcxena Tirkmlis vena\\ aorta

\\\\ pankreasis kudi moTavsebulia:\\ elenTis karis qvemoT da ukan\\\ elenTis karis win da zeviT\\\ elenTis karis win\\\ elenTis qveda kidesTan

\\\\ pankreasi umTavresad ikvebeba:\\ zeda da qveda pankreas-Tormetgojas arteriebiT\\\ elenTisa da jorjlis zeda arteriis totebiT\\\ jorjlis zeda da qveda arteriebis totebiT\\\ pankreasis didi arteria, kolinjis Sua arteria

\\\\ elenTa proeqcirdeba:\\\ gulmkerdis marcxena kedelze IX_XI neknebis farglebSi iRliis ukana daxerxemlis xazebs Soris\\\ gulmkerdis marcxena kedelze X_XI neknebis farglebSi, iRliis wina daxerxemlis xazebs Soris\\ gulmkerdis marcxena kedelze IX_XI neknebis farglebSi iRliis wina daparavertebrul xazebs Soris\\\ muclis marcxena gverdiT midamoSi

\\\\ wvrili nawlavis jorjlovani nawili iwyeba:\\ Tormetgoja-mlivi nakecidan, welis II malis doneze marcxniv\\\ pilorusidan\\\ Tormetgojas daswvrivi nawilis Semdeg

\\\ Tormetgoja mlivi nakecidan, welis III malis doneze, marcxniv

\\\\ wvrili nawlavis jorjlovani nawili mTavrdeba:\\ TeZo-brma nawlavis kuTxeSi\\\ welis IV malis doneze, aswvriv kolinjTan\\\ welis V malis doneze, ganiv kolinjTan\\\ TeZos nawlavis dasawyisTan

\\\\ wvrili nawlavis jorjlis Ziri winidan gadauvlis:\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis daswvriv nawils, aortas, qveda Rru venas\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis qveda nawils, karis venas, marjvena SardsawveTsada marjvena saTeslis sisxlZarRvebs\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis qveda nawils, aortas, qveda Rru venas, marjvenaSardsawveTsa da marjvena saTeslis (qalebSi sakvercxis) sisxlZarRvebs\\\ marjvena da marcxena SardsawveTebs

\\\\ wvril nawlavs sisxliT amaragebs:\\ jorjlis zeda arteria\\\ jorjlis qveda arteria\\\ jorjlis zeda da qveda arteriebi\\\ jorjlis zeda arteria da welis arteriebi

\\\\ wvrili nawlavis inervacia xorcieldeba:\\\ jorjlis qveda wnuliT\\ jorjlis zeda wnuliT\\\ jorjlis zeda da qveda wnulebiT\\\ gavis wnuliT

\\\\ brma nawlavs kvebavs:\\ brma nawlavis wina da ukana arteriebi\\\ kolinjis marjvena arteria, kolinjis Sua arteria\\\ kolinjis marjvena arteria\\\ welis arteriebi

\\\\ arCeven Wianawlavis mdebareobis Semdeg variantebs:\\ daswvrivi, lateraluri, medialuri, wina, retrocekaluri\\\ daswvrivi, aswvrivi, ganivi, retrocekaluri\\\ daswvrivi, lateraluri, medialuri, wina, ukana\\\ lateraluri da medialuri

\\\\ kolinjis zonrebi Tavs iyrian:\\\ brma nawlavis lateralur kedelze\\ Wia nawlavis fuZesTan\\\ aswvriv kolinjze\\\ brma nawlavis aswvriv kolinjSi gadasvlis adgilze

\\\\ Wia nawlavis arteria gamoeyofa:\\ TeZo-kolinjis arterias\\\ kolinjis marjvena arterias\\\ brma nawlavis wina arterias

\\\ kolinjis Sua arterias

\\\\ aswvrivi kolinji peritoneumiT dafarulia:\\\ irgvliv\\ Cveulebriv winidan da gverdebidan\\\ mxolod winidan\\\ irgvliv qveda naxevarSi

\\\\ aswvrivi kolinji ikvebeba:\\\ TeZo-kolinjis arteriis totebiT\\\ kolinjis marcxena arteriiT\\ TeZo-kolinjis arteriis totebiTa da kolinjis marjvena arteriiT\\\ welis arteriebiT

\\\\ ganivi kolinjis jorjlis Ziri gadauvlis:\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis daswvriv nawils, pankreasis Tavs, pankreasissxeulsa da marcxena Tirkmels\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis daswvriv nawils, pankreasis Tavs da marcxenaTirkmels\\\ muclis aortas, qveda Rru venas da marcxena Tirkmels\\\ marjvena Tirkmels da marcxena Tirkmels

\\\\ sigmoiduri kolinjis jorjlis Ziri gadauvlis:\\\ marcxena saTeslis (qalebSi sakvercxis) sisxlZarRvebsa da menjisarterias\\\ marcxena SardsawveTisa da menjis arterias\\ marcxena saTeslis (sakvercxis) sisxlZarRvebsa da SardsawveTs\\\ marcxena Tirkmels

\\\\ sigmoiduri kolinjis jorjlis Ziri Tavdeba:\\ gavis II an III malis doneze\\\ marcxena TeZos qedis doneze\\\ marcxena gava-TeZos saxsris doneze\\\ sasazRvro xazze

\\\\ ras warmoadgens Tiaqris operaciis pirveli etapi?\\midgoma\\\Tiaqris parkis mokveTas\\\Tiaqris karis daxurvas samsarTuliani nakeriT\\\Tiaqris parkis Cakereba sazardulis iogSi

\\\\ sad gaavleben ganakveTs sazardulis Tiaqris operaciis dros?\\ sazardulis iogis medialuri 2/3-is gaswvriv, misgan zemoT 2smdaSorebiT\\\sazardulis lateraluri mesamedis gaswvriv\\\sazardulis iogis zemoT 10sm daSorebiT

\\\sazardulis iogis qvemoT 5sm daSorebiT

\\\\ raSi mdgomareobs Tiaqris operaciis meore etapi:\\\ Tiaqris parkis gofrireba\\\ sazardulis arxis gaxsna\\\ Tiaqris karis daxurva\\ Tiaqris parkis gamoyofa da misi mokveTa

\\\\ sazardulis arxis romeli kedlis gamagrebas iTvaliswinebs Jirariswesi?\\\sazardulis arxis qveda kedlis\\sazardulis arxis wina kedlis\\\sazardulis arxis ukana kedlis\\\sazardulis arxis zeda kedlis

\\\\ nakerTa ramdeni rigia sazardulis iogze Jiraris wesiT plastikisdros?\\\ nakerTa erTi rigi abreSumis ZafiT\\ nakerTa ori rigi abreSumis ZafiT\\\ nakerTa sami rigi abreSumis ZafiT\\\ nakerTa sami rigi ketgutis ZafiT

\\\\ sazardulis arxis romeli kedeli SeiZleba gamagrdes spasokukockiswesiT?\\\ zeda\\\ qveda\\ wina\\\ ukana

\\\\ nakerTa ramdeni rigia sazardulis iogze spasokukockis wesiT plastikisdros?\\ nakerTa erTi rigi abreSumis ZafiT\\\ nakerTa ori rigi abreSumis ZafiT\\\ nakerTa sami rigi abreSumis ZafiT\\\ nakerTa sami rigi ketgutis ZafiT

\\\\ sazardulis arxis romeli kedlis gamagrebas iTvaliswinebs bobrovisada martinovis wesebi?\\ sazardulis arxis wina kedlis\\\ sazardulis arxis ukana kedlis\\\ sazardulis arxis qveda kedlis\\\ sazardulis arxis zeda kedlis

\\\\ sazardulis arxis romeli kedlis gamagrebas gulisxmobs plastikiswesi basinis mixedviT?\\\ wina kedlis\\ ukana kedlis\\\ zeda kedlis\\\ qveda kedlis

\\\\ sad Tavsdeba saTesle bagiraki Jirarisa da spasokukockis wesebiTTiaqris plastikis Semdeg?

\\\ muclis SigniTa iribi kunTis win\\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis win\\\ muclis ganivi kunTis win\\ muclis ganivi kunTis ukan

\\\\ sad Tavsdeba saTesle bagiraki basinis wesiT Tiaqris plastikis Semdeg?\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozis qveS\\\ kanqveSa fasciis or furcels Soris\\\ muclis SigniTa iribi kunTis qveS\\\ muclis ganivi kunTis qveS

\\\\ visi wesebiT xorcieldeba plastika Wipis Tiaqris operaciis dros?\\\ basinis da kimbarovskis\\ meios da sapeWkos\\\ Jiraris da bobrovis\\\ spasokukockis da kilosaniZis

\\\\ visi wesiT akeTeben Wipis Tiaqris operacias bavSvTa asakSi?\\ leqseris\\\ Jiraris\\\ spasokukockis\\\ meios

\\\\ sad keTdeba muclis Rrus Cxvleta?\\ Wipisa da boqvenis simfizis SemaerTebeli xazis Sua wertilSi\\\ Wipisa da maxvilisebri morCs Soris\\\ Wipisa da TeZos wina zeda wvetis SemaerTebeli xazis Sua wertilSi\\\ Wipisa da TeZos wina zeda wvetis SemaerTebeli xazis gareTa mesamedSi

\\\\ CamoTvaleT ganakveTebi muclis Rrus organoebTan midgomisaTvis:\\\ gaswvrivi\\\ iribi\\\ ganivi\\ yvela CamoTvlili

\\\\ CamoTvaleT gaswvrivi ganakveTebi muclis wina kedelze:\\ Sua, paramedianuri, transreqtuli da parareqtuli\\\ paramedianuri, paraumbilikaluri, paralumbaluri\\\ transreqtaluri, transabdominuri, paraabdominuri\\\ parareqtaluri , paraumbilikaluri, Sua

\\\\CamoTvaleT laparotomiis saxeebi:\\\ samkurnalo, radikaluri, paliatiuri\\\ diagnostikuri, gadaudebeli, saswrafo\\ sacdeli, samkurnalo da diagnostikuri\\\ radikaluri, paliatiuri da ganmeorebiTi

\\\\ rogor iyofa nawlavis nakeri?

\\\ inficirebuli da qirurgiuli\\ arainficirebuli da inficirebuli\\\ qirurgiuli da ginekologiuri\\\ araqirurgiuli da inficirebuli

\\\\ sero-serozuli nakeris SemTxvevaSi romeli garsebiT arisdakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan Wrilobis kideebi?\\\ lorwovani garsiT\\\ kunTovani garsiT\\ serozuli garsiT\\\ SemaerTebelqsovilovani garsiT

\\\\ serozul-kunTovani nakeris dros Wrilobis erTi kididan ramdeni sm-isdaSorebiT uCxvleten nemss?\\\ 7sm-iT\\\ 10sm-iT\\ 7-10mm-iT\\\ 12-15mm-iT

\\\\ rogori daSorebiT gamoaqvT nemsi Wrilobis kididan serozul-kunTovaninakeris dros:\\ 3mm-iT\\\ 15mm-iT\\\ 7sm-iT\\\ 10sm-iT

\\\\ Wrilobis kididan ramdeni mm-is daSorebiT gaivlis nawlavis kedelSialbertis gamWoli nakeri?\\\ 10mm-iT\\\ 15mm-iT\\ 3mm-iT\\\ 8mm-iT

\\\\ rogori nakeri gamoiyeneba msxvil nawlavze operaciis dros?\\\ erTiarusiani\\\ oriarusiani\\ samiarusiani\\\ oTxiarusiani

\\\\ CamoTvaleT gastrostomiis saxeebi:\\\ milovani da arxisebri\\ tuCisebri da milovani\\\ TaRisebri da nalisebri\\\ gaswvrivi da iribi

\\\\ daasaxeleT kuWis droebiTi anu milovani fistulis wesebi:\\ vitcelis da kaderis\\\ kaderis da toproveris\\\ toproveris da bilroTis

\\\ iudinis da janeliZis

\\\\ miuTiTeT romeli wesiT keTdeba kuWis mudmivi anu tuCisebri fistula:\\\ vitacelis\\\ kaderis\\ toproveris\\\ iudinis

\\\\ miuTiTeT kuW-nawlavis SerTulis Cvenebebi:\\ kuWis piloruli nawilis inoperabiluri kibo pilorusis nawiburovaniSeviwroveba, roca avadmyofi Zalian dasustebulia\\\ nawlavTa gauvaloba\\\ wvrili nawlavis Wriloba\\\ msxvili nawlavis kibo

\\\\ kuW-nawlavis SerTulis romeli saxeebia gamoyenebuli umTavresad?\\ kuW-nawlavis wina da ukana SerTuli\\\ kuW-nawlavis gverdiTi SerTuli\\\ kuW-nawlavis zemo SerTuli\\\ kuW-nawlavis qvemo SerTuli

\\\\ kuW-nawlavis wina SerTulis dros Tormetgoja-mlivi nakecidan ramdenism daSorebiT aiReben mlivi nawlavis maryuJs?\\\ 15-20sm-iT\\\ 25-30sm-iT\\\ 35-40sm-iT\\ 50-60sm-iT

\\\\ kuW-nawlavis ukana SerTulis dros Tormetgoja-mlivi nakecidan ramdenism daSorebiT aiReben mlivi nawlavis maryuJs?\\ 8-10sm-iT\\\ 20-25sm-iT\\\ 30-40sm-iT\\\ 45-50sm-iT

\\\\ ras gulisxmobs kuWis rezeqciis bilroTis pirveli wesi?\\\ kuWis distaluri nawilis rezeqcia\\\ kuWis proqsimaluri takvis zeda nawilis gakerva\\\ kuWis proqsimaluri nawilis takvis qveda nawilis datoveba gaukeravad\\ kuWis proqsimaluri takvis qveda nawilisa da Tormetgoja nawlavs SorisSerTulis Seqmna

\\\\ rogor keraven wvrili nawlavis Wrilobas?\\\ erTiarusiani nakeriT\\ oriarusiani nakeriT\\\ samiarusiani nakeriT\\\ tantalis samagrebiT

\\\\ nawlavis pirdapiri SerTulis Seqmnisas nawlavs gadakveTen iribad.ratom?\\ SerTulis adgilze nawlavis sanaTuris Seviwrovebis acilebis mizniT\\\ nawlavis kedlis kvebis moSlis acilebis mizniT\\\ vertikaluri mimarTulebiT gadakveTisas ziandeba sisxlZarRvebi\\\ vertikaluri momarTulebiT gadakveTisas ziandeba nervebi

\\\\ romeli ganakveTi gamoiyeneba apendeqtomiis dros?\\ mak-burnei-volokoviCis iribi cvladi ganakveTi\\\ spacokukockis ganakveTi\\\ transreqtaluri ganakveTi\\\ fanenbtilis ganakveTi

\\\\ romeli nakerebisgan Sedgeba nawlavis oriarusiani nakeri?\\ SigniTa da gareTa\\\ lateraluri da medialuri\\\ proqsimaluri da distaluri\\\ ganivi da gaswvrivi

\\\\ rogor xorcieldeba ganavlis evakuacia ganavalovani fistulis dros?\\\ mxolod fistuliT\\\ mxolod msxvili nawlavis distaluri nawiliT\\ rogorc fistuliT, ise msxvili nawlavis distaluri nawiliT\\\ msxvili nawlavis distalur nawilze mimagrebuli parkiT

\\\\ ramdeni saxis arabunebrivi anu xelovnuri yiTa arsebobs?\\ mudmivi da droebiTi\\\ mxolod mudmivi\\\ mxolod droebiTia\\\ proqsimaluri da distaluri

\\\\ miuTiTeT RviZlidan sisxlis denis droebiTi SeCerebis wesebi:\\\ Wrilobis kideebze xelis TiTebiT miWera\\\ specialuri an nawlavis momWeris dadeba\\ RviZl-Tormetgoja iogis droebiTi daxSva\\\ RviZlis karSi sisxlZarRvebze koxeris momWeris dadeba droebiT

\\\\ CamoTvaleT RviZlidan sisxlis denis sabolood SeCerebis wesebi:\\\ dazianebuli sisxlZarRvis ligireba WrilobaSi\\\ hemostatikuri nakeris gamoyeneba\\\ eleqtrokoagulacia\\ yvela CamoTvlili

\\\\ romeli midgomiT xorcieldeba qolecisteqtomia?\\ fiodorovis ganakveTi\\\ bilroTis ganakveTi\\\ spasokukockis ganakveTi\\\ mak-burneis ganakveTi

\\\\ miuTiTeT naRvlis buStis RviZlidan gamoyofis wesebi:\\ yelidan da Ziridan\\\ Ziridan da sxeulidan

\\\ sxeulis medialuri kidis gaswvriv gavlebuli ganakveTiT\\\ sxeulis lateraluri kidis mimarT gavlebuli ganakveTiT

\\\\ sad gadaskvnian naRvlis buStis sadinars qolecisteqtomiis dros?\\ naRvlis saerTo sadinarSi CarTvis adgilidan 0,5sm daSorebiT\\\ uSualod naRvlis saerTo sadinarTan CarTvis adgilze\\\ CarTvis adgilidan 1,5-2sm daSorebiT\\\ CarTvis adgilidan 2-3sm daSorebiT

\\\\ muclis midamos zevidan mosazRvravs:\\\ meaTe neknis qveda kideebis SemaerTebeli xazi\\\ wvetTaSua xazi\\\ mkerdis didi kunTebis qveda kideebis SemaerTebeli xazebi\\ neknTa rkali, XI neknis bolo, XII nekni

\\\\ muclis midamos qvevidan mosazRvravs:\\\ TeZos wina zemo wvetebis SemaerTebeli xazi\\\ TeZos ukana zemo wvetebis SemaerTebeli xazi\\ TeZos qedi, sazardulis naoWi, boqvenis simfizis kide\\\ gavisa da kudusunis Zvlebi

\\\\ muclis wina kedelze RviZlis marcxena wilis umetesi nawiliproeqcirdeba:\\ sakuTari epigastriumis midamoSi\\\ marjvena ferdqveSa midamoSi\\\ marcxena ferdqveSa midamoSi\\\ marjvena gverdiT midamoSi

\\\\ muclis wina kedelze kolinjis marjvena nakeci proeqcirdeba:\\\ sakuTari epigastriumis midamoSi\\ marjvena ferdqveSa midamoSi\\\ marcxena ferdqveSa midamoSi\\\ marjvena gverdiT midamoSi

\\\\ muclis wina-gverdiT da ukana kedlebs erTmaneTisgan gamijnavs:\\\ iRliis wina xazebi\\\ iRliis Sua xazebi\\ iRliis ukana xazebi\\\ beWis xazebi

\\\\ neknTaSua qveda 5 da welis 4 arteriebi gaivlian:\\ muclis SigniTa irib da ganiv kunTebs Soris\\\ muclis gareTa da SigniTa irib kunTebs Soris\\\ muclis swori kunTis ukan\\\ kanqveSa cximovan qsovilsa da kanqveSa fascias Soris

\\\\ muclis zeda midamos kans ainervirebs:\\\ III, IV, da V neknTaSua nervebi\\\ I, II neknTaSua nervebi\\ VII, VIII da IX neknTaSua nervebi\\\ X da XI neknTaSua nervebi

\\\\ muclis Sua midamos kans ainervirebs:\\\ III da IV neknTaSua nervebi\\\ V da VI neknTaSua nervebi\\\ VI da VII neknTaSua nervebi\\ X da XI neknTaSua nervebi

\\\\ muclis qveda midamos kans ainervirebs:\\\ mxolod neknqveSa nervi\\\ mxolod TeZo-sazardulis nervebi\\ neknqveSa, TeZo-muclis da TeZo-sazardulis nervebi\\\ arcerTi zemoT CamoTvlili warmonaqmni

\\\\ sazardulis zedapiruli rgoli qvemodan mosazRvrulia:\\\ Sebrunebuli iogiT\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozis lateraluri fexiT\\\ fexTaSua ZafebiT\\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozis medialuri fexiT

\\\\ sazardulis Rrma rgoli Signidan mosazRvrulia\\ ormoTaSorisi iogiT\\\ muclis swori kunTiT\\\ Sebrunebuli iogiT\\\ sazardulis iogiT

\\\\ sazardulis zedapiruli rgoli garedan mosazRvrulia:\\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozis medialuri fexiT\\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozis lateraluri fexiT\\ fexTaSua ZafebiT\\\ sazardulis iogiT

\\\\ sazardulis zedapiruli rgoli Signidan mosazRvrulia:\\\ sazardulis iogiT\\ Sebrunebuli iogiT\\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozis medialuri fexiT\\\ muclis gareTa iribi kunTis aponevrozis lateraluri fexiT

\\\\ sazardulis Rrma rgolis SigniTa sazRvris ukan mdebareobs:\\\ barZayis arteria da vena\\ qveda epigastruli arteria da vena\\\ zeda epigastruli arteria da vena\\\ TeZos gareTa arteria da vena

\\\\ buStzeda foso mdebareobs:\\\ Wipis Sua da lateralur naoWebs Soris\\ Wipis Sua da medialur naoWebs Soris\\\ Wipis medialur da lateralur naoWebs Soris\\\ sazardulis lateraluri naoWis gareT

\\\\ sazardulis medialuri foso mdebareobs:\\\ Wipis Sua da lateralur naoWebs Soris\\ Wipis medialur da lateralur naoWebs Soris\\\ sazardulis lateraluri naoWis gareT

\\\ Wipis Sua da medialur naoWebs Soris

\\\\ sazardulis lateraluri foso mdebareobs:\\\ Wipis Sua da medialur naoWebs Soris\\ sazardulis lateraluri naoWis gareT\\\ Wipis medialur da lateralur naoWebs Soris\\\ Wipis Sua da lateralur naoWebs Soris

\\\\ ramden sarTulad iyofa muclis Rru?\\ or sarTulad (zeda jirkvlovani, qveda nawlavTa)\\\ sam sarTulad (jirkvlovani, nawlavTa, menji)\\\ jirkvlovani sarTuli, nawlavTa sarTuli, badeqonis abga\\\ muclis Rru sarTulebad ar iyofa

\\\\ RviZlis abga mosazRvrulia:\\\ muclis wina kedliT, SuasaZgidiT, RviZlis gvirgvinovani da marjvenasamkuTxa iogebiT, namglisebri iogiT\\\ muclis wina kedliT, SuasaZgidiT, RviZlis gvirgvinovani da marjvenasamkuTxa iogebiT, kolinjis marjvena nakeciT, ganivi kolinjiTa da misijorjliT\\\ muclis wina kedliT, RviZlis gvirgvinovani da marjvena samkuTxaiogebiT, namgliseburi da RviZlis mrgvali iogebiT, ganivi kolinjiT\\ muclis wina kedliT, SuasaZgidiT, RviZlis gvirgvinovani da marjvenasamkuTxa iogebiT, namglisebri iogiT, kolinjis marjvena nakeciT, ganivikolinjiTa da misi jorjliT

\\\\ kuWis wina abga mosazRvrulia:\\ muclis wina kedliT, SuasaZgidiT, RviZlis gvirgvinovani da marcxenasamkuTxa iogebiT, mcire badeqoniT, kuWiTa da kuW-kolinjis iogiT, RviZlisnamglisebri da mrgvali iogebiT, ganivi kolinjiT, kolinjis marcxenanakeciTa da SuasaZgid-kolinjis iogiT.\\\ muclis wina kedliT, muclis ukana kedliT, RviZlis namglisebri damrgvali iogebiT, ganivi kolinjiT, kolinjis marcxena nakeciTa daSuasaZgid kolinjis iogiT\\\ muclis wina kedliT, RviZlis gvirgvinovani da marcxena samkuTxaiogebiT, kuWiT, RviZlis namglisebri da mrgvali iogebiT, ganivi kolinjiT,kolinjis marcxena nakeciT da SuasaZgid-elenTis iogiT, elenTiT.\\\ muclis wina kedliT, RviZlis gvirgvinovani da marcxena samkuTxaiogebiT, mcire badeqoniT, kuWiT, RviZlis marjvena wiliT, ganivi kolinjiT,kolinjis marcxena nakeciTa da SuasaZgid kolinjis iogiT, elenTiT

\\\\ badeqonis abga moisazRvreba:\\ RviZlis kudiani wiliT, mcire badeqoniT, kuWiTa da kuW-kolinjis iogiT,pariesuli peritoneumiT, ganivi kolinjis jorjliT, elenTiT da misiiogebiT, SuasaZgidiT, Tormetgoja nawlaviT.\\\ RviZlis marcxena wiliT, mcire badeqoniT, kuWiT da kuW-kolinjis iogiT,pariesuli peritoneumiT, ganivi kolinjis jorjliT, SuasaZgidiT\\\ RviZlis kvadratuli wiliT, naRvlis buStiT, pankreasiT, marcxenaTirkmliT da Tirkmelzeda jirkvliT, ganivi kolinjis jorjliT, elenTiTda misi iogebiT, SuasaZgidiT, Tormetgoja nawlaviT

\\\ RviZlis kudiani wiliT, kuWiT, pariesuli peritoneumiT, ganivi kolinjiT,elenTiT SuasaZgidiT, Tormetgoja nawlaviT

\\\\ mcire badeqoni Sedgeba:\\ RviZl-kuWisa da RviZl-Tormetgojas iogebisagan\\\ RviZl-kuWisa, RviZl-Tormetgojasa da Tormetgoja-Tirkmlis iogebisagan\\\ kuW-diafragmis, kuW-elenTis iogebisagan\\\ RviZl-kuWisa da RviZlis gvirgvinovani iogebisagan

\\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavSi arCeven:\\ zeda, daswvriv, qveda da aswvrivi nawilebi\\\ zeda da qveda nawilebi\\\ zeda, daswvrivi da qveda nawilebi\\\ daswvrivi da aswvrivi nawilebi

\\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis zeda nawili mdebareobs:\\ ganivad, welis II malis doneze\\\ gaswvrivad, welis I malis doneze\\\ ganivad, welis I malis doneze\\\ gaswvrivad, welis II malis doneze

\\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis qveda nawili mdebareobs:\\ ganivad, welis III malis doneze\\\ ganivad, welis II malis doneze\\\ pankreasis sxeulis qveda kidis gaswvriv\\\ ganivad, pankreasis Tavis wina zedapirze

\\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis aswvrivi nawili mdebareobs:\\\ welis III malis doneze iwyeba, midis zeviT da xerxemlis win aRwevswelis II malas\\ welis III malis doneze iwyeba, miemarTeba zeviT da aRwevs welis II malisdones xerxemlis marcxniv\\\ welis III malis doneze iwyeba da midis aswvrivad xerxemlis win, aRwevswelis I malas\\\ welis III malis doneze xerxemlis marjvniv

\\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis inervacia xorcieldeba:\\\ RviZlis wina wnulis da TeZo-muclis nervis totebiT\\\ jorjlis zeda wnulis totebiT\\ RviZlis wina, RviZlis ukana da jorjlis zeda wnulis totebiT\\\ RviZlis wina da ukana wnulebis totebiT

\\\\ RviZlis SuasaZgidismxriv zedapirze marjvena da marcxena wilebigayofilia erTmaneTisagan:\\ RviZlis sakidi iogiT\\\ RviZlis gvirgvinovani iogiT\\\ RviZlis mrgvali iogiT\\\ RviZlis samkuTxa iogiT

\\\\ RviZlis visceralur zedapirze aRiniSneba:

\\ ori sagitaluri da erTi ganivi Rari\\\ erTi sagitaluri da ori ganivi Rari\\\ sami ganivi Rari\\\ sami gaswvrivi Rari

\\\\ RviZlis SuasaZgidismxrivi zedapiri exeba:\\ muclis ukana kedels da SuasaZgids\\\ muclis wina kedels da SuasaZgids\\\ SuasaZgids\\\ SuasaZgids da elenTas

\\\\ romeli iogebia gadaWimuli RviZlsa da SuasaZgids Soris:\\\ mrgvali da namgliseburi iogebi\\\ gvirgvinovani da samkuTxa iogebi\\ namglisebri, gvirgvinovani da samkuTxa iogebi\\\ mrgvali da venuri iogebi

\\\\ RviZlis marcxena portuli wilis paramedianur seqtorSi Sedis:\\\ III da II segmentebi\\ III da IV segmentebi\\\ II da I segmentebi\\\ V da VII segmentebi

\\\\ RviZlis marcxena portuli wilis lateralur seqtorSi Sedis:\\\ III da IV segmentebi\\ II segmenti\\\ III segmenti\\\ VI da VII segmentebi

\\\\ RviZlis marjvena portuli wilis paramedianur seqtorSi Sedis:\\\ V da VI segmentebi\\\ VI da VII segmentebi\\ V da VIII segmentebi\\\ III da IV segmentebi

\\\\ RviZlis marjvena portuli wilis lateralur seqtorSi Sedis:\\ VI da VII segmentebi\\\ VII da VIII segmentebi\\\ V da VI segmentebi\\\ VI da VIII segmentebi

\\\\ odis (ampulis) sfinqteri moTavsebulia:\\\ naRvlis saerTo sadinrisa da buStis sadinris SeerTebis adgilas\\\ pankreasis sadinris SuaSi\\ RviZl-pankreasis ampulis irgvliv, Tormetgoja nawlavis didi dvrilissisqeSi\\\ naRvlis buStis sadinris dasawyisSi

\\\\ pankreasis sxeulis qveda zedapirs exeba:

\\ wvrili nawlavis maryuJebi da mliv-Tormetgojas nakeci\\\ kuWi\\\ marjvena Tirkmeli\\\ RviZlis marjvena wili

\\\\ pankreasis kudis win mdebareobs:\\ kuWis Ziri\\\ kuWis sxeuli\\\ kuW-kolinjis iogi\\\ elenTa

\\\\ pankreasis kudis ukan mdebareobs:\\\ marjvena Tirkmeli da elenTa\\\ marjvena Tirkmelzeda jirkvali da faSvis wnuli\\\ kuWis sxeuli\\ marjvena Tirkmeli da Tirkmelzeda jirkvali

\\\\ elenTis qveda kide exeba:\\\ ganiv kolinjs\\\ kolinjis marcxena nakecs\\ ganiv kolinjs, kolinjis marcxena nakecs, SuasaZgid- kolinjis iogs\\\ marcxena Tirkmels

\\\\ elenTis karis areSi mdebareobs:\\\ wvrili nawlavebis maryuJebi\\\ kolinjis marcxena nakeci\\ pankreasis kudi\\\ kolinjis marcxena nakeci

\\\\ wvrili nawlavis jorjlis Ziri iwyeba:\\\ welis I malis doneze xerxemlis marcxniv\\ welis II malis doneze xerxemlis marcxniv\\\ welis II malis doneze xerxemlis marjvniv\\\ welis I malis doneze xerxemlis marjvniv

\\\\ wvrili nawlavis jorjlis Ziri mTavrdeba:\\ marjvena gava-TeZos saxsarTan\\\ welis V malis doneze\\\ sazRvrovani xazis doneze\\\ marcxena gava-TeZos saxsarTan

\\\\ ramden midamod iyofa muclis wina gverdiTi kedeli?\\\ 8 midamod\\ 9 midamod\\\ 10 midamod\\\ 12 midamod

\\\\ romeli organoebi proecirdeba marjvena ferdqveSa midamoSi?\\ RviZlis marjvena wilis nawili, naRvlis buSti, kolinjis marjvena nakeci\\\ elenTa, kuWis da RviZlis kvadratuli wili\\\ marjvena Tirkmeli, aswvrivi kolinji da RviZlis kudiani wili\\\ pankreasi, Tormetgoja nawlavi da naRvlis buSti

\\\\ muclis wina gverdiTi kedlis kanqveSa fascia ramdeni furclisaganSedgeba?\\\ erTi furclisagan\\ ori furclisagan\\\ sami furclisagan\\\ or fucelze metisagan

\\\\ rogoria muclis gareTa iribi kunTis boWkoebis mimarTuleba?\\\ qvevidan zeviT da garedan SigniT\\ zevidan qveviT da uknidan win\\\ ganivad\\\ gaswvrivad\\\\ rogoria muclis SigniTa iribi kunTis boWkoebis mimarTuleba?\\\ emTxveva gareTa iribi kunTis boWkoebis mimarTulebas\\ sawinaaRmdegoa gareTa iribi kunTis boWkoebis mimarTulebisa\\\ garedan qveviT da zevidan SigniT\\\ gaswvrivad

\\\\ romeli elementebiT iqmneba muclis TeTri xazi:\\\ gareTa iribi kunTis aponevroziT\\\ SigniTa ori kunTis aponevroziT\\ muclis marjvena da marcxena ganieri kunTebis aponevrozebiT\\\ ganivi kunTis aponevroziT

\\\\ riTia dafaruli Wipis rgoli?\\ kaniT\\\ kanqveSa cximiT\\\ zedapiruli fasciiT\\\ peritoneumiT

\\\\ ramden elements gamoyofen sazardulis arxSi?\\\ 3 kedels da 3 xvrels\\ 4 kedels da 2 xvrels\\\ 4 kedels da 4 xvrels\\\ 2 kedels da 3 xvrels

\\\\ vis ufro xSirad uviTardeba sazardulis Tiaqari?\\\ qalebs\\ mamakacebs\\\ bavSvebs sqesis miuxedavad\\\ moxucebs sqesis miuxedavad

\\\\ sad avleben ganakveTs sazardulis Tiaqrebis dros?\\\ sazardulis iogis paralelurad misgan 2sm qveviT\\ sazardulis iogis medialuri 2/3-is paralelurad, misgan 2sm zemoT\\\ sazardulis iogis proeqciaze\\\ Tiaqris parkze

\\\\ romel samkuTxedSi xdeba naRvlis buStis arteriis aRmoCena?\\\ pirogovis\\\ janeliZis

\\ kalos\\\ basinis

\\\\ rogor iyofa muclis Tiaqrebi?\\ gareTa da SigniTa\\\ zedapirul da Rrma\\\ medialuri da lateraluri\\\ zeda da qveda

\\\\ romel nawilebs arCeven Tiaqris parkSi?\\\ yels, mucelsa da Zirs\\\ mucels, sxeulsa da Zirs\\\ sxeuls, Zirsa da kars\\ yels, sxeulsa da Zirs

\\\\ rogor Tiaqrebs arCeven etiologiuri momentebis mixedviT?\\\ Sesabrunebelsa da Seubrunebels\\ Tandayolils da SeZenils\\\ Seubrunebelsa da gaWedils\\\ Cveulebrivsa da garTulebuls

\\\\ raSi mdgomareobs Tiaqris operaciis mesame etapi?\\\ Tiaqris parkis gamoyofa\\\ Tiaqris parkis mokveTa\\\ Tiaqris parkis mikereba kanis Wrilobis irgvliv\\ Tiaqris karis daxurva

\\\\ rogori wesebia mowodebuli sazardulis Tiaqrebis operaciulimkurnalobisaTvis?\\ eqstraperitoneuli, intraperitoneuli da kombinirebuli\\\ eqstraperitoneuli,retroperitoneuli da kombinirebuli\\\ intraperitoneuli, retroperitoneuli da kombinirebuli\\\ eqstraperitoneuli, mezoperitoneuli da intraperitoneuli

\\\\ romeli rgoliT SehyavT sazardulis arxSi Rariani zondi?\\\ Rrma rgoliT\\ zedapiruli rgoliT\\\ zeda rgoliT\\\ qveda rgoliT

\\\\ rogor gamoyofen Tiaqris parks saTesle bagirakis elementebisagan?\\\ parkis mokveTiT\\\ saTesle bagirakis elementis gadaskvniT\\ Clungad gamoyofiT\\\ maxvili wesiT gamoyofiT

\\\\ Tiaqris operaciebis dros romel asakSia SesaZlebeli operaciisSesruleba sazardulis arxis gaxsnis gareSe?\\\ axalgazrda asakSi\\\ xanSiSesulTa asakSi\\\ moxucTa asakSi

\\ bavSvTa asakSi

\\\\ sazardulis arxis romeli kedlis gamagrebas emyareba sazardulisTiaqris plastikis wesebi?\\ wina an ukana kedlis\\\ zeda an qveda kedlis\\\ medialuri an lateraluri\\\ distaluris an proqsimaluris

\\\\ midgomis romeli wesebi arsebobs barZayis Tiaqris operaciebis dros?\\\ barZayis samkuTxedidan, TeTri xazidan\\ barZayis midamodan, sazardulis midamodan\\\ damxuravi arxidan, momzidveli arxidan\\\ didi sajdomi xvrelidan, mcire sajdomi xvrelidan

\\\\ rogori mimarTulebisaa ganakveTebi barZayis Tiaqris operaciebis drosbarZayis midamodan midgomisas?\\\ ganivi an rkalovani\\\ ganivi an rkalovani\\ iribi an vertikaluri\\\ talRisebri an nalisebri gamodrekilobiT mimarTuli zemoT

\\\\ sad gaavleben ganakveTs barZayis Tiaqris operaciis dros sazardulismidamodan midgomis SemTxvevaSi?\\\ sazardulis iogis paralelurad, misgan 5sm-iT qvemoT\\\ sazardulis iogis vertikalurad\\\ sazardulis iogis paralelurad, misgan 10sm-iT zemoT\\ sazardulis iogis paralelurad, misgan 1-2sm-iT zemoT

\\\\ romeli anatomiuri warmonaqmnebi miekereba erTmaneTs barZayis Tiaqrisoperaciis dros basinisa da rujis wesebiT?\\ sazardulisa da qedis iogebi\\\ sazardulisa da Sebrunebuli iogebi\\\ sazardulisa da Sualedis iogebi\\\ swori kunTis bude da qedis iogi

\\\\ romeli anatomiuri warmonaqmnebi miekereba qedis iogze barZayis Tiaqrisoperaciis dros parlaveCos wesiT?\\\ garda iribi da swori kunTebi\\ SigniTa iribi da ganivi kunTebi\\\ sazardulisa da qedis iogebi\\\ sazadulisa da Sualedis iogebi

\\\\ CamoTvlili Cvenebebidan miuTiTeT rodis gakeTdeba muclis Rrusrevizia:\\\ muclis tifis dros\\\ mwvave an aqronikuli dizenteriis dros nawlavis dazianebuli monakveTisdadgenis mizniT\\ muclis travmebis dros dazianebuli organoebis aRmoCenis mizniT

\\\ wylulovani daavadebis dros kuWis wylulis aRmoCenis mizniT

\\\\ ra mizniT keTdeba muclis Rrus Cxvleta?\\ ascituri siTxis evakuaciis mizniT muclis Rrus wyalmankis dros\\\ gazebis evakuaciis mizniT nawlavebSi gazebis dagrovebis dros\\\ sisxlis evakuaciis mizniT muclis Rrus organoebis travmis dros\\\ nawlavTa peristaltikis aRdgenis mizniT gauvalobis dros

\\\\ sad gaavleben Sua ganakveTs muclis Rrus organoebTan midgomisaTvis?\\\ swori kunTis medialur kidesTan\\ muclis TeTr xazze\\\ swori kunTis lateralur kisdesTan\\\ swori kunTis SuaSi

\\\\ WipTan urTierTobis mixedviT rogor iyofa muclis Sua ganakveTi?\\\ Sua, medialuri da lateraluri\\\ medialuri, zeda medialuri da qveda medialuri\\ zeda, Sua da qveda\\\ lateraluri, zeda lateraluri da qveda lateraluri

\\\\ Sua ganakveTis Sesrulebisas Wips Semouvlian:\\\ zevidan\\\ qvevidan\\\ marjvnidan\\ marcxnidan

\\\\ sad gaavleben paramedianur ganakveTs?\\ Sua xazidan daaxloebiT 2sm-is daSorebiT, mis paralelurad\\\ Sua xazidan daaxloebiT 5sm-is daSorebiT, mis paralelurad\\\ Sua xazidan daaxloebiT 7sm-is daSorebiT, mis paralelurad\\\ Sua xazis perpendikularulad epigastriumis farglebSi

\\\\ sad gaavleben transreqtalur ganakveTs?\\\ muclis Sua xazze\\ muclis swor kunTze Sua xazis paralelurad\\\ muclis swori kunTis medialuri kidis gaswvriv\\\ muclis swori kunTis lateraluri kidis gaswvriv

\\\\ sad gaavleben parareqtalur ganakveTs?\\\ swori kunTis SuaSi\\\ swori kunTis medialuri kidis gaswvriv\\ swori kunTis lateraluri kidis gaswvriv\\\ muclis Sua xazze

\\\\ romel ganakveTebs miekuTvneba cvladi ganakveTebi?\\\ kombinirebuls\\\ gaswvrivs\\\ ganivs\\ iribs

\\\\ rogori ganakveTia fanenStilis ganakveTi?

\\ ganivi\\\ iribi\\\ kombinirebuli\\\ gaswvrivi

\\\\ romeli ganakveTebi iZlevian ferdqveSa midamoSi mdebare organoebTanfarTod midgomis SesaZleblobas:\\\ gaswvrivi\\ kuTxovani\\\\ iribi\\\ ganivi

\\\\ ras ewodeba laparotomia?\\\ Suasayris gaxsnas\\\ gulmkerdis Rrus gaxsnas\\ muclis Rrus gaxsnas\\\ xerxemlis arxis gaxsnas

\\\\ rogoria trendelburgis mdebareoba?\\\ avadmyofi wevs gverdze ferdqveS Semodebuli\\\ avadmyofi wevs zurgze beWebqveS Semodebuli morgviT\\\ avadmyofi wevs zurgze kidurebisaken daxril mdebareobaSi\\ avadmyofi wevs zurgze Tavisaken daxril mdebareobaSi

\\\\ muclis Rrus reviziis dros saidan iwyeben wvrili nawlavisdaTvalierebas?\\ Tormetgoja-mlivi nakecidan\\\ mcire badeqonidan\\\ kolinjis marjvena nakecidan\\\ kolinjis marcxena nakecidan

\\\\ muclis Rrus reviziis dros romeli adgilidan iwyeben muclis msxvilinawlavis daTvalierebas?\\\ Tormetgoja-mlivi nakecidan\\ ileocekaluri kuTxidan\\\ mcire badeqonidan\\\ kolinjis marcxena nakecidan

\\\\ Tu laparatomiis ASemdeg muclis RruSi aRmoCnda sisxli, maSin pirvelrigSi muclis Rrus revizias iwyeben:\\\ Rruiani organoebis: kuWisa da nawlavebis daTvalierebiT\\ parenqimuli organoebis: RviZlis, elenTis, pankreasis daTvalierebiT\\\ didi da mcire badeqonis daTvalierebiT\\\ Tirkmlebis, Tirkmelzeda jirkvlebisa da SardsawveTebis daTvalierebiT

\\\\ ras warmoadges nawlavis nakeri?\\\ saWmlis momnelebeli milis organoebze operaciuli midgomis wess\\\ wess, romelic saSualebas iZleva gaixsnas nawlavis sanaTuri\\ nawlavis kedlebis SeerTebis wess\\\ nawlavis kedlebis muclis wina kedelTan dakavSirebis wess

\\\\ ras warmoadgens nawlavis nakeris biologiur safuZvels?

\\\ lorwovani garsis plastikuroba\\\ lorwqveSa Sris meqanikuri simtkice\\\ kunToveni garsis plastikuroba\\ peritoneumis plastikuroba

\\\\ nawlavTa romeli nakerebia mowodebuli?\\ erTiarusiani da mravaliarusiani\\\ qirurgiuli da ginekologiuri\\\ droebiTi da mudmivi\\\ pirveladi da gadavadebuli

\\\\ lamberis mixedviT romeli nakeri sruldeba?\\\ SigniTa\\ gareTa\\\ medialuri\\\ lateraluri

\\\\ ras warmoadgens albertis nakeri?\\\ gareTa nakers\\\ Sua nakers\\ SigniTa nakers\\\ mosaxsnel nakers

\\\\ ras warmoadgens Smidenis nakeri?\\\ sero-serozul nakers\\\ serozul-kunTovan nakers\\\ droebiT nakers\\ uwyvet gamWol nakers

\\\\ Smidenis nakeris Sesrulebisas nemsiT Cxvleta yovelTvis keTdeba:\\ lorwovanis mxridan\\\ serozuli garsis mxridan\\\ kunTovani Sris mxridan\\\ kanidan

\\\\ Cveulebriv, kuWis romeli kedeli gaikveTeba gastrotomiis dros?\\\ ukana\\ wina\\\ qveda\\\ zeda

\\\\ risTvis keTdeba gastrostomia?\\\ kuWidan ucxo sxeulis amoRebis mizniT\\\ kuWis lorwovanis daTvalierebis mizniT\\ avadmyofis xelovnurad kvebis mizniT\\\ avadmyofis dietur kvebaze gadayvanis mizniT

\\\\ romeli ganakveTiT xsnian muclis Rrus gastrostomiis dros?\\\ marjvena parareqtaluri

\\\ marcxena parareqtaluri\\\ marjvena transreqtaluri\\ marcxena transreqtaluri

\\\\ gastrostomiis romel wess iyeneben bavSvTa asakSi?\\ Stam-kaderis\\\ vitcelis\\\ toproveris\\\ iudinis

\\\\ kuWis romeli fistula SeiZleba daixuros TavisTavad?\\\ tuCisebri\\ milovani\\\ Zabrisebri\\\ cilindruli

\\\\ kuWis romel kedelze keTdeba gastrostomia?\\\ zeda\\\ ukana\\ wina\\\ gverdiT

\\\\ kuWze sad SeiZleba anastomozis dadeba mliv nawlavsa da kuWs Soris?\\\ mcire simrudeze an kardiis nawilze\\\ kardiis an Ziris nawilze\\\ mcire simrudeze an Ziris nawilze\\ wina an ukana kedelze

\\\\ gastroenteroanastomozis Sesaqmnelad wvrili nawlavi SeiZlebagatardes:\\ ganivi kolinjis win an ukan\\\ aswvrivi kolinjis win an ukan\\\ daswvrivi kolinjis win an ukan\\\ wvrili nawlavis jorjlis win an ukan

\\\\ visi wesiT sruldeba kuW-nawlavis wina SerTuli?\\\ toproveris\\ velfleris\\\ kaderis\\\ paler-petersenis

\\\\ visi wesiT sruldeba kuW-nawlavis ukana SerTuli?\\\ velfuris\\\ CaCavas\\ haker-petersenis\\\ toproveris

\\\\ kuWis distaluri rezeqciis SemTxvevaSi kuWis takvi dakavSirebulia:\\ saylapav milTan\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavTan\\\ mliv nawlavTan

\\\ msxvil nawlavTan

\\\\ ras gulisxmobs kuWis rezeqciis bilroTis meore wesi?\\\ kuWis takvsa da 12goja nawlavs Soris SerTulis Seqmnas\\ kuWisa da 12goja nawlavis takvebis yrud daxurvas da kuW-nawlavisSerTulis Seqmnas\\\ kuWis takvsa da mliv nawlavs Soris SerTulis Seqmnas\\\ kuWis takvsa da ganiv kolinjs Soris SerTulis Seqmnas

\\\\ ramdeni ZiriTadi etapisagan Sedgeba kuWis rezeqcia hofmeiter-fintereris mixedviT?\\\ xuTi\\\ ori\\ sami\\\ oTxi

\\\\ raSi mdgomareobs hofmeister-fintereris mixedviT kuWis rezeqciis Ietapi?\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis gadakveTa\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis takvis daxurva\\\ kuWis nawilis amokveTa\\ kuWis mobilizacia

\\\\ raSi mdgomareobs hofmeister –fintereris mixedviT kuWis rezeqciis IIetapi?\\\ kuWis mobilizacia\\\ kuWis nawilis amokveTa\\\ kuW-nawlavis SerTulis Seqmna\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis gadakveTa da misi takvis damuSaveba

\\\\ raSi mdgomareobs hofmeister-fintereris mixedviT kuWis rezeqciis mesameetapi?\\ kuWis nawilis amokveTa da kuW-nawlavis SerTulis Seqmna\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis gadakveTa da misi takvis daxurva\\\ kuWis mcire simrudis mobilizacia\\\ kuWis didi simrudis mobilizacia

\\\\ qolecisteqtomiis dros naRvlis buStis yelidan gamoyofis SemTxvevaSiramden ZiriTad etaps gamoyofen?\\\ ori\\ sami\\\ oTxi\\\ xuTi

\\\\ ras gulisxmobs operaciis pirveli etapi qolecisteqtomiis drosnaRvlis buStis yelidan gamoyofis SemTxvevaSi?\\\ RviZlis arteries marjvena totis gadaskvnas da gadakveTas\\\ RviZlis sadinaris gadaskvnas da gadakveTas\\ naRvlis buStis arteries gadaskvnas da gadakveTas\\\ naRvlis saerTo sadinaris gadaskvnas da gadakveTas

\\\\ ras gulisxmobs operaciis meore etapi qolecisteqtomiis dros naRvlisbuStis yelidan gamoyofis SemTxvevaSi?\\\ RviZlis sadinaris gadaskvnas da gadakveTas\\\ naRvlis marjvena sadinaris gadaskvnas da gadakveTas\\\ naRvlis marcxena sadinaris gadaskvnas da gadakveTas\\ naRvlis buStis sadinaris gadaskvnas da gadakveTas

\\\\ ras gulisxmobs operaciis mesame etapi qolecisteqtomiis dros naRvlisbuStis yelidan gamoyofis SemTxvevaSi?\\ naRvlis buStis amokveTas da misi sarecelis peritonizacias\\\ naRvlis buStis gaswvrivad gakveTas\\\ naRvlis buStsa da mliv nawlavs Soris SerTulis Seqmnas\\\ naRvlis buStis mikerebas muclis kedelze

\\\\ qolecisteqtomiis dros naRvlis buStis Ziridan gamoyofis SemTxvevaSiramden ZiriTad etaps gamoyofen?\\\ ori\\ sami\\\ oTxi\\\ xuTi

\\\\ ras gulisxmobs operaciis pirveli etapi qolecisteqtomiis drosnaRvlis buStis Ziridan gamoyofis SemTxvevaSi?\\\ RviZl-Tormetgoja iogis gamoyofas\\\ RviZlis sadinaris gamoyofas\\ naRvlis buStis gamoyofas RviZlidan\\\ naRvlis marjvena sadinaris gamoyofas

\\\\ ras gulisxmobs operaciis meore etapi qolecisteqtomiis dros naRvlisbuStis Ziridan gamoyofis SemTxvevaSi?\\\ RviZlis arteries marjvena totisa da naRvlis marjvena sadinarisgadaskvnas da gadakveTas\\\ RviZlis arteriis marcxena totsa da naRvlis marcxena sadinarisgadaskvnasa da gadakveTas\\\ naRvlis buStis arteriisa da RviZlis sadinaris gadaskvnasa dagadakveTas\\ naRvlis buStis arteriisa da naRvlis buStis sadinaris gadaskvnasa dagadakveTas

\\\\ ras gulisxmobs operaciis mesame etapi qolecisteqtomiis dros naRvlisbuStis Ziridan gamoyofis SemTxvevaSi?\\ naRvlis buStis sareclis peritonizacias\\\ naRvlis buStis gaswvrivad gakveTas\\\ naRvlis buStis amoRebas calkeuli nawilebis saxiT\\\ naRvlis buStis mikerebas muclis kedelze

\\\\ CamoTvaleT nawlavTa SerTulis tipebi:

\\\ gverdiT-gverdSi, ovaluri, sferuli\\ gverdiT gverdSi, boloTi gverdSi, boloTi boloSi\\\ boloTi boloSi, ovaluri, sferuli\\\ ovaluri, sferuli, elifsisebri

\\\\ rogori nakeriT xuraven nawlavis naCxvlet Wrilobas?\\\ kvanZovani nakeriT\\\ uwyveti nakeriT\\ qisisebri nakeriT\\\ Z--sebri nakeriT

\\\\ nawlavis SedarebiT didi zomis Wrilobebi ikereba:\\\ nawlavis RerZis mimarT vertikaluri mimarTulebiT\\\ nawlavis RerZis mimarT gaswvrivi mimarTulebiT\\\ nawlavis RerZis mimarT iribi mimarTulebiT\\ nawlavis RerZis mimarT ganivi mimarTulebiT

\\\\ rodis keraven msxvili nawlavis Wrilobas?\\ roca misi sigrZe ar aRemateba 1sm-s, amasTanave dazianebulia nawlavisperitoneumiT dafaruli kedeli\\\ roca misi sigrZe ar aRemateba 10sm-s, amasTanave dazianebulia nawlavisperitoneumiT dafaruli kedeli\\\ roca misi sigrZe ar aRemateba 1sm-s, amasTanave dazianebulia nawlavisperitoneumiT daufaravi zedapiri\\\ roca misi sigrZe ar aRemateba 10sm-s, amasTanave dazianebulia nawlavisperitoneumiT daufaravi zedapiri

\\\\ ras akeTeben msxvili nawlavis didi zomis Wrilobebis SemTxvevaSi?\\\ Wrilobas xuraven qisisebri nakeriT\\ Wrilobas amoakereben muclis kedlis WrilobaSi\\\ WrilobaSi SehyavT tamponebi\\\ Wrilobas datoveben Riad

\\\\ ramdeni etapisagan Sedgeba wvrili nawlavis rezeqcia?\\\ ori\\\ sami\\ oTxi\\\ xuTi

\\\\ ras gulisxmobs wvrili nawlavis rezeqciis pirveli etapi?\\\ wvrili nawlavis gadakveTas\\\ wvrili nawlavis rezeqcias\\\ wvrili nawlavis jorjlis defeqtis daxurvas\\ wvrili nawlavis monakveTis mobilizacias

\\\\ raSi mdgomareobs wvrili nawlavis rezeqciis meore etapi?\\ wvrili nawlavis rezeqcia\\\ wvrili nawlavis mobilizacia\\\ anastomozis Seqmna boloTi boloSi

\\\ gverdiTi SerTulis Seqmna

\\\\ ras gulisxmobs wvrili nawlavis rezeqciis mesame etapi?\\\ nawlavis maryuJis daTvalierebas\\ SerTulis Seqmnas\\\ nawlavis rezeqcias\\\ jorjlis defeqtis daxurvas

\\\\ ras gulisxmobs wvrili nawlavis rezeqciis meoTxe etapi?\\\ nawlavis amokerebas muclis kedlis WrilobaSi\\\ SerTulis Seqmnas\\ jorjlis defeqtis daxurvas\\\ jorjlis amokerebas muclis kedlis WrilobaSis

\\\\ romeli nawilebi gamoiyofa muclis RruSi?\\\ epi da mezogastriumi\\\ marjvena da marcxena ferdqveSa midamoebi\\\ marjvena da marcxena gverdiTi midamoebi\\ sakuTriv muclis Rru da retroperitonuli

\\\\ muclis romel nawils warmoadgens epigastrumi?\\\ gverdiTs\\\ Suas\\ zedas\\\ qvedas

\\\\ muclis romel nawils warmoadgens mezogastriumi?\\\ qvedas\\ Suas\\\ gverdiTs\\\ zedas

\\\\ muclis romel nawils warmoadgens hipogastriumi?\\ qvedas\\\ gverdiTs\\\ Suas\\\ zedas

\\\\ muclis romel nawils ekuTvnis marjvena da marcxena ferdqveSamidamoebi?\\\ gverdiT nawils\\\ hipogastriums\\\ mezogastriums\\ epigastriums

\\\\ muclis romel nawils ekuTvnis sakuTriv epigastriumis midamo?\\\ Wipis\\\ mezogastriums\\ epigastriums\\\ hipogastriums

\\\\ muclis romel nawilSi mdebareobs marjvena da marcxena gverdiTimidamoebi?\\\ sazardulis\\ mezogastriumSi\\\ hipogastriumSi\\\ epigastriumSi

\\\\ muclis romel nawils ekuTvnis Wipis midamo?\\ mezogastriums\\\ epigastriums\\\ hipogastriums\\\ boqvens

\\\\ muclis romel nawilSi mdebareobs marjvena da marcxena sazardulismidamoebi?\\\ ferdqveSa\\\ mezogastriumSi\\\ epigastriumSi\\ hipogastriumSi

\\\\ muclis romel nawilSi mdebareobs boqvenis midamo?\\\ sazardulis\\\ mezogastriumSi\\ hipogastriumSi\\\ epigastriumSi

\\\\ ramden Sriania kanqveSa cximovani qsovili Wipis zemoT?\\ 1\\\ 2\\\ 3\\\ 4

\\\\ ramden Sriania Wipis cximovani qsovili Wipis qvemoT?\\\ 4\\\ 3\\ 2\\\ 1

\\\\ romel furclebad iyofa kanqveSa fascia muclis wina gverdiT kedelze?\\\ zeda da qveda\\\ medialuri da lateraluri\\\ wina da ukana\\ zedapiruli da Rrma

\\\\ ramden Sred iyofa muclis wina gverdiTi kedeli?\\ 3\\\ 2\\\ 4\\\ 1

\\\\ CamoTvaleT muclis presis kunTebi?\\\ gareTa iribi, SigniTa iribi, swori, kvadratuli\\ gareTa iribi, SigniTa iribi, ganivi, swori\\\ gareTa iribi, SigniTa iribi, rombisebri, swori\\\ gareTa irbi, SigniTa iribi, ganivi, trapeciuli

\\\\ muclis wina-gverdiTi kedlis romel SreSia gareTa iribi kunTi?\\\ zedapiruli\\\ Rrma\\\ gverdiTi\\ Sua

\\\\ muclis wina-gverdiTi kedlis romel SreSia SigniTa iribi kunTi?\\\ Rrma\\ Sua\\\ gverdiTi\\\ zedapiruli

\\\\ muclis wina-gverdiTi kedlis romel SreSia ganivi kunTi?\\\ gverdiTi\\\ zedapiruli\\ Sua\\\ Rrma

\\\\ muclis wina-gverdiTi kedlis romel SreSia swori kunTi?\\ Sua\\\ zedapiruli\\\ Rrma\\\ gverdiTi

\\\\ muclis wina-gverdiTi kedlis romel SreSia ganivi fascia?\\\ gverdiTi\\\ Sua\\\ zedapiruli\\ Rrma

\\\\ muclis wina-gverdiTi kedlis romel SreSia subserozuli qsovili?\\\ zedapiruli\\ Rrma\\\ Sua\\\ gverdiTi

\\\\ muclis wina-gverdiTi kedlis romel SreSia peritoneumi?\\\ gverdiTi\\\ Sua\\ Rrma\\\ zedapiruli

\\\\ sad SeiZleba ganviTardes TeTri xazis Tiaqari?\\\ Wipis qvemoT\\\ Wipis medialurad

\\ Wipis zemoT\\\ Wipis lateralurad

\\\\ ras warmoadgens Wipis rgoli?\\ TeTri xazis defeqti\\\ kanis defeqti\\\ kunTis defeqti\\\ aponevrozis defeqti

\\\\ yoveli mxridan peritoneumiT dafarul organos ewodeba?\\\ mezoperitonuli\\\ retroperitonuli\\ intraperitonuli\\\ supraperitonuli

\\\\ sami mxridan peritoneumiT dafarul organos ewodeba?\\\ retroperitonuli\\ mezoperitonuli\\\ intraperitouli\\\ supraperitonuli

\\\\ erTi mxridan peritoneumiT dafarul organos ewodeba?\\\ supraperitonuli\\\ mezoperitonuli\\\ intraperitonuli\\ retroperitonuli

\\\\ ramdeni furclisgan Sedgeba peritoneumi?\\ ori\\\ sami\\\ erTi\\\ oTxi

\\\\ rogor aris dafaruli kuWi peritoneumiT?\\\ winidan\\\ uknidan\\ yvela mxridan\\\ qvemodan

\\\\ rogor aris dafaruli aswvrivi kolinji peritoneimiT?\\\ ori mxridan\\ sami mxridan\\\ erTi mxridan\\\ oTxi mxridan

\\\\ rogor aris dafaruli elenTa peritoneumiT?\\\ qvemodan\\\ zemodan\\ yoveli mxridan\\\ ukanidan

\\\\ rogor aris dafaruli pankreasi peritoneumiT?\\ winidan\\\ ukanidan\\\ zemodan\\\ qvemodan

\\\\ rogor aris dafaruli ganivi kolinji peritoneumiT?\\\ winidan\\ yoveli mxridan\\\ ukanidan\\\ qvemodan

\\\\ rogor iyofa muclis Rru?\\\ wina da ukana sarTulebad\\\ marjvena da marcxena sarTulebad\\\ medialur da lateralur sarTulebad\\ zeda da qveda sarTulebad

\\\\ sad mdebareobs RrviZlis abga?\\\ kuWisa da mcire badeqonis ukan\\ kuWisa da mcire badeqonis win\\\ kuWisa da didi badeqonis win\\\ kuWisa da didi badeqonis ukan

\\\\ sad mdebareobs badeqonis abga?\\ mcire badeqonis ukan\\\ mcire badeqonis win\\\ didi badeqonis win\\\ didi badeqonis ukan

\\\\ riTia gayofili erTmaneTisgan RviZlisa da kuWis wina abgebi?\\\ mrgvali iogiT\\\ gvirgvinovani iogiT\\ namglisebri iogiT\\\ samkuTxa iogiT

\\\\ retroperitoneuli sivrce winidan moisazRvreba:

\\ pariesuli peritoneumiT\\\ ganivi fasciiT\\\ didi badeqoniT\\\ SuasaZgidiT

\\\\ retroperitoneuli sivrce uknidan moisazRvreba:\\ muclis ukana kedliT\\\ pariesuli peritoneumiT\\\ didi badeqoniT\\\ SuasaZgidiT

\\\\ retroperitoneuli sivrce zeviT grZeldeba:\\ peritoneumis RviZlze, kuWze da elenTaze gadasvlis adgilamde\\\ peritoneumis RviZlze, kuWze da ganiv kolinjze gadasvlis adgilamde\\\ peritoneumis RviZlze, kuWze da aswvriv kolinjze gadasvlis adgilamde\\\ peritoneumis RviZlze, kuWze da daswvriv kolinjze gadasvlis adgilamde

\\\\ retroperitoneuli sivrce qveviT grZeldeba:\\ mcire menjamde\\\ SuasaZgidamde\\\ preitoneumis kuWze gadasvlis adgilamde\\\ preitoneumis elenTaze gadasvlis adgilamde

\\\\ retroperitoneuli sivrce gverdebze vrceldeba:\\ muclis gverdiTi kedlidan peritoneumis _ aswvriv da daswvriv kolinjzegadasvlis adgilamde\\\ preitoneumis RviZlze gadasvlis adgilamde\\\ preitoneumis kuWze gadasvlis adgilamde\\\ preitoneumis ganiv kolinjze gadasvlis adgilamde

\\\\ retroperitoneul sivrceSi mdebareobs:\\ Tirkmelebi, Tirkmelzeda jirkvlebi, SardsawveTebi, aorta, qveda Rruvena\\\ Tirkmelebi, simpaTikuri wvelis muclis nawili, wrbolis cisterna, kuWi\\\ Tirkmelebi, Tormetgoja nawlavi, pankreasi, elenTa\\\ Tirkmelebi, gulmkerdis sadinris dasawyisi nawili, saylapavi mili

\\\\ retroperitoneuli fascia gamoeyofa:\\ pariesuli peritoneumis SemaerTebel qsovils\\\ ganiv fascias\\\ parakolons\\\ paranefrons

\\\\ Tirkmlis wina da ukana fascias qmnis:\\ retroperitoneuli fascia\\\ ganivi fascia\\\ toldtis fascia\\\ parakoloni

\\\\ Tirkmlis wina da ukana fascia faravs:\\ Tirkmelsa da Tirkmlis cximovan kafsuls\\\ Tirkmelsa da pankress\\\ Tirkmelsa da Tormetgoja nawlavs\\\ Tirkmelsa da muclis aortas

\\\\ Tirkmlis wina da ukana fascia qveviT grZeldeba:\\ SardsawveTis wina da ukana fasciaSi\\\ ganiv fasciaSi\\\ toldtis fasciaSi\\\ parakolonSi

\\\\ pirveli SemaerTebelqsovilovani sivrce moTavsebulia:\\ muclis SigniTa fasciasa da Tirkmlis ukana fascias Soris\\\ Tirkmlis wina da ukana fasciebs Soris\\\ Tirkmlis wina fasciis win\\\ toldtis fasciis win

\\\\ pirvel SemaerTebelqsovilovan sivrceSi mdebereobs:\\ muclis aorta, qvemo Rru vena da wrbolis cisterna\\\ muclis aorta, qvemo Rru vena da simpatikuri wvelis gulmkerdis nawili\\\ muclis aorta da gulmkerdis sadinris dasasruli nawili\\\ muclis aorta da zemo Rru vena

\\\\ meore SemaerTebelqsovilovani sivrce moTavsebulia:\\ Tirkmlis wina da ukna fasciebs Soris\\\ muclis SigniTa fasciasa da Tirkmlis ukana fascias Soris\\\ Tirkmlis wina fasciis win\\\ toldtis fasciis win

\\\\ meore SemaerTebelqsovilovani sivrceSi mdebareobs:\\\ Tirkmeli da pankresi\\\ Tirkmeli da Tormetgoja nawlavi\\ Tirkmeli da paranefroni\\\ Tirkmeli da parakoloni

\\\\ ra aris paranefroni:\\\ SardsawveTis wina da ukana fasciebs Soris mdebare SemaerTebeliqsovili\\ Tirkmlis cximovani kafsula\\\ Tirkmlis fibrozuli kafsula\\\ kolinjis ukan mdebare cximovani SemaerTebeli qsovili

\\\\ ra aris paraureteroni:\\\ Tirkmlis cximovani kafsula\\\ Tirkmlis fibrozuli kafsula\\ SardsawveTis wina da ukana fasciebs Soris mdebare SemaerTebeli qsovili\\\ kolinjis ukan mdebare cximovani SemaerTebeli qsovili

\\\\ mesame SemaerTebelqsovilovani sivrce mdebareobs:\\\ Tirkmlis wina da ukna fasciebs Soris\\\ muclis SigniTa fasciasa da Tirkmlis ukana fascias Soris

\\\ toldtis fasciis win\\ Tirkmlis wina fasciis win

\\\\ ra aris toldtis fascia:\\ kolinjis ukana fascia\\\ Tirkmlis wina fascia\\\ Tirkmlis ukana fascia\\\ SardsawveTis mfaravi fascia

\\\\ ra aris parakoloni:\\\ Tirkmlis cximovani kafsula\\\ Tirkmlis fibrozuli kafsula\\\ SardsawveTis wina da ukana fasciebs Soris mdebare SemaerTebeliqsovili\\ kolinjis ukan mdebare cximovani SemaerTebeli qsovili

\\\\ mamakacis SardsawveTis sigrZea:\\ 30-32sm\\\ 15-20sm\\\ 25-27sm\\\ 28-30sm

\\\\ qalis SardsawveTis sigrZea:\\\ 15-20sm.\\\ 25-27sm.\\\ 28-30sm.\\ 27-29sm.

\\\\ ramdeni Seviwroveba aqvs SarsawveTs:\\\ erTi\\ sami\\\ ori\\\ oTxi

\\\\ SardsawveTs yofen:\\\ menjisa da Sorisis nawilebad\\\ muclisa da welis nawilebad\\ muclisa da menjis nawilebad\\\ menjisa da sazardulis nawilebad

\\\\ SardsawveTis mucliseuli nawili grZeldeba:\\ Tirkmlis menjidan – sasazRvro xazame\\\ Tirkmlis menjidan – Sardis buStamde\\\ Tirkmlis menjidan – sazardulis iogamde\\\ Tirkmlis menjidan –gavis Zvlis zeda zedapiramde

\\\\ SardsawveTis menjis nawili grZeldeba:\\\ Tirkmlis menjidan – sasazRvro xazame\\\ Tirkmlis menjidan – Sardis buStamde\\\ Tirkmlis menjidan –gavis Zvlis zeda zedapiramde\\ sasazRvro xazidan _ Sardis buStamde

\\\\ riT aixsneba SardsawveTSi kenWis gavlis dros tkivilis iradiaciasazardulis midamoSi, saTesle parksa da asoSi:\\\ TeZo-sazardulis nervTan\\\ sasqeso-barZayis nervTan\\ sasircxo-barZayis nervTan\\\ sajdom nervTan

\\\\ marjvena SardsawveTs winidan gadauvlis:\\ wvrili nawlavis jorjlis Ziri\\\ sigmoiduri kolinjis jorjali\\\ ganivi kolinjis jorjlis Ziri\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis qveda nawili

\\\\ marcxena SardsawveTs winidan gadauvlis:\\ sigmoiduri kolinjis jorjali\\\ wvrili nawlavis jorjlis Ziri\\\ ganivi kolinjis jorjali\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis zeda nawili

\\\\ sad proecirdeba SardsawveTi muclis wina kedelze:\\\ Wipis midamoSi, TeTri xazis gaswvriv\\ Wipis midamoSi, swori kunTis lateraluri kidis gaswvriv\\\ Wipis midamoSi, swori kunTis medialuri kidis gaswvriv\\\ Wipis midamoSi, ganivi kunTis gaswvriv

\\\\ sad proecirdeba SarsawveTi muclis ukana kedelze:\\ welis midamoSi malebis ganiv morCebze gavlebul xazze\\\ welis midamoSi malebis wvetian morCebze gavlebul xazze\\\ welis midamoSi paravertebrul xazze\\\ welis midamoSi beWis xazis gaswvriv

\\\\ romeli SemaerTebelqsovilovani sivrce gamoiyofa menjis Sua sarTulSi:\\ Sardis buStis wina, swori nawlavis ukana da gverdiTi\\\ Sardis buStis wina, swori nawlavis wina da gverdiTi\\\ Sardis buStis ukana, swori nawlavis wina da gverdiTi\\\ Sardis buStis ukana, swori nawlavis ukana da gverdiTi

\\\\ Sardis buStis wina sivrce mdebareobs:\\ boqvenis Zvlebsa da Sardis buSts Soris\\\ swor nawlavsa da Sardis buSts Soris\\\ saSvilosnosa da Sardis buSts Soris\\\ saSvilosnosa da swor nawlavs Soris

\\\\ ramden nawilad iyofa Sardis buStis wina sivrce:\\\ sami\\\ oTxi\\\ xuTi

\\ ori

\\\\ Sardis buStis wina sivrceSi moTavsebulia:\\ Sardis buStisa da winamdebare jirkvlis arteriebi da venuri wnulebi\\\ Sardis buStisa da swori nawlavis arteriebi da venuri wnulebi\\\ Sardis buStisa da saSvilosnos arteriebi da venuri wnulebi\\\ Sardis buStisa da saTeslis arteriebi da venuri wnulebi

\\\\ Sardis buStTan operaciuli midgoma xorcieldeba:\\ Sardis buStis wina sivcidan\\\ Sardis buStis ukana sivcidan\\\ Sardis buStis gverdiTi sivcidan\\\ duglasis fosodan

\\\\ swori nawlavis ukana sivrce mdebareobs:\\ swori nawlavis fasciasa da gavis Zvals Soris\\\ swori nawlavis fasciasa da Sardis buSts Soris\\\ swori nawlavis fasciasa da saSvilosnos Soris\\\ boqvenis Zvlebsa da Sardis buSts Soris

\\\\ sad mdebareobs parametriumi:\\\ swori nawlavis ukana sivrceSi\\\ Sardis buStis wina sivrceSi\\ saSvilosnos ganieri iogis or furcels Soris\\\ saSvilosnos mrgval iogebs Soris

\\\\ mcire menjSi ganarCeven:\\ zeda, Sua da qveda sarTuls\\\ wina, Sua da ukana sarTuls\\\ zeda, qveda da gverdiT sarTuls\\\ wina, ukana da gverdiT sarTuls

\\\\ mamakacis mcire menjis zeda sarTulSi mdebareobs:\\ swori nawlavisa da Sardis buStis peritoneumiT dafaruli nawilebi\\\ swori nawlavisa da Sardis buStis eqstraperitoneuli nawilebi\\\ SardsawveTis menjis nawili\\\ SardsawveTis muclis nawili

\\\\ swornawlav-buStis CaRrmaveba iqmneba:\\\ swori nawlavis fasciasa da gavis Zvals Soris\\\ boqvenis Zvlebsa da Sardis buSts Soris\\ Sardis buStis ukana kedlidan peritoneumis swor nawlavze gadasvlisadgilze\\\ Sardis buStis ukana kedlidan peritoneumis saSvilosnoze gadasvlisadgilze

\\\\ qalis mcire menjis zeda sarTulSi mdebareobs:\\ swori nawlavisa da Sardis buStis peritoneumiT dafaruli nawilebi,agreTve saSvilosno, sakvercxeebi da saSvilosnos Rruebi

\\\ swori nawlavisa da Sardis buStis peritoneumiT daufaravi nawilebi\\\ saSvilosno, Sardsadeni da sakvercxeebi\\\ Sardsadeni, sakvercxeebi da saSvilosnos lulebi

\\\\ buSt-saSvilosnos CaRrmaveba iqmneba:\\ Sardis buStis ukana kedlidan peritoneumis saSvilosnoze gadasvlisadgilze\\\ swori nawlavidan peritoneumis saSvilosnoze gadasvlis adgilze\\\ boqvenis Zvlebsa da Sardis buSts Soris\\\ swori nawlavis fasciasa da gavis Zvals Soris

\\\\ swornawlav-saSvilosnos CaRrmaveba iqmneba:\\\ swori nawlavis fasciasa da gavis Zvals Soris\\\ boqvenis Zvlebsa da Sardis buSts Soris\\\ Sardis buStis ukana kedlidan peritoneumis saSvilosnoze gadasvlisadgilze\\ swori nawlavidan peritoneumis saSvilosnoze gadasvlis adgilze

\\\\ mcire menjis Sua sarTuli mdebareobs:\\ peritoneumsa da menjis SuasaZgids Soris\\\ menjis SuasaZgidsa da Sorisis zedapirul fascias Soris\\\ boqvenis Zvlebsa da Sardis buSts Soris\\\ swori nawlavis fasciasa da gavis Zvals Soris

\\\\ mcire menjis qveda sarTuli mdebareobs:\\\ peritoneumsa da menjis SuasaZgids Soris\\ menjis SuasaZgidsa da Sorisis zedapirul fascias Soris\\\ boqvenis Zvlebsa da Sardis buSts Soris\\\ swori nawlavis fasciasa da gavis Zvals Soris

\\\\ romel Reroebad iyofa TeZos SigniTa arteria:\\\ zeda da qveda\\ wina da ukana\\\ gareTa da SigniTa\\\ marjvena da marcxena

\\\\ TeZos SigniTa arteriis romeli Rerodan gamodis menjis visceruliarteriebi:\\\ ukana Rerodan\\\ medialuri Rerodan\\\ lateraluri Rerodan\\ wina Rerodan

\\\\ TeZos SigniTa arteriis romeli Rerodan gamodis menjis pariesuliarteriebi:\\ ukana Rerodan\\\ wina Rerodan\\\ medialuri Rerodan

\\\ lateraluri Rerodan

\\\\ TeZos SigniTa arteriis pariesuli totebia:\\ TeZo-welis, gavis lateraluri, dundulovani da damxuravi arteriebi\\\ TeZo-welis, gavis lateraluri, SigniTa sasircxo da damxuravi arteriebi\\\ TeZo-welis, gavis lateraluri, gareTa sasircxo da damxuravi arteriebi\\\ TeZo-welis, gavis lateraluri da swori nawlavis qveda arteriebi

\\\\ TeZos SigniTa arteriis visceruli totebia:\\ Sardis buStis zeda da qveda, swori nawlavis Sua da SigniTa sasircxoarteria\\\ Sardis buStis zeda da qveda, TeZo-welis da gavis lateraluri arteria\\\ swori nawlavis Sua, dundulovani da damxuravi arteriebi\\\ swori nawlavis Sua, gareTa sasircxo da damxuravi arteriebi

\\\\ did da mcire menjs Soris sazRvars qmnis:\\\ pariesuli peritoneumi\\\ sazardulis iogi\\ sasazRvro xazi\\\ SuasaZgidi

\\\\ menjis sasazRvro xazi gaivlis:\\ menjis Zvlis rkalovan xazze, koncxze, boqvenis borcvze da boqvenissimfizze\\\ menjis Zvlis rkalovan xazze, zeda msxlisebr xvrelze da boqvenisborcvzze\\\ menjis Zvlis rkalovan xazze, qveda msxlisebr xvrelze da boqvenisborcvzze\\\ menjis Zvlis rkalovan xazze, sajdom xvrelze da boqvenis borcvzze

\\\\ menjis pariesuli kunTebia:\\ SigniTa damxuravi, msxlisebri da kudusunis kunTebi\\\ SigniTa damxuravi da yiTas amwevi kunTi\\\ SigniTa damxuravi da yiTas gareTa sfinqteri\\\ SigniTa damxuravi, boqven-kudusunis da TeZo-kudusunis kunTebi

\\\\ menjis visceruli kunTebia:\\\ yiTas amwevi kunTi da kudusunis kunTi\\\ yiTas amwevi kunTi da Sorisis ganivi Rrma kunTi\\ yiTas amwevi kunTi da yiTas gareTa sfinqteri\\\ yiTas amwevi kunTi da SigniTa damxuravi kunTi

\\\\ Sard-sasqeso SuasaZgidi mdebareobs:\\\ yiTas amwevi kunTebis wina lateralur kideebs Soris\\\ yiTas amwevi kunTebis ukana medialur kideebs Soris\\\ yiTas amwevi kunTebis ukana lateralur kideebs Soris\\ yiTas amwevi kunTebis wina medialur kideebs Soris

\\\\ Sard-sasqeso SuasaZgidi Seicavs:\\\ boqven-kudusunisa da TeZo-kudusunis kunTebs\\ Sorisis ganiv Rrma kunTsa da fasciur furclebs\\\ yiTas amwevi kunTi, kudusunis kunTi da maTi mfaravi fasciebi

\\\ Sorisis ganiv Rrma kunTsa da SigniTa damxurav kunTs

\\\\ menjis SuasaZgids qmnis:\\\ boqven-kudusunisa da TeZo-kudusunis kunTebs\\\ Sorisis ganiv Rrma kunTsa da fasciur furclebs\\ yiTas amwevi kunTi, kudusunis kunTi da maTi mfaravi fasciebi\\\ Sorisis ganivi Rrma kunTi da SigniTa damxuravi kunTi

\\\\ yiTas gareTa sfinqterSi gamoyofen:\\ kanqveSa, zedapirul da Rrma nawils\\\ kanqveSa, wina da ukana nawils\\\ kanqveSa, zeda da qveda nawils\\\ kanqveSa, SigniTa da gareTa nawils

\\\\ SigniTa sfinqteri moTavsebulia:\\ gareTa sfinqteris SigniT, lorwovani garsis qveS\\\ yiTas amwevi kunTis sisqeSi\\\ Sorisis ganiv Rrma kunTis sisqeSi\\\ kudusunis kunTis qveS

\\\\ sad iqmneba menjis fasciuri bude:\\\ menjis wina nawilSi\\\ menjis ukana nawilSi\\\ menjis zeda nawilSi\\ menjis qveda nawilSi

\\\\ ra mdebareobs menjis fasciur budeSi:\\\ menjis organoebis intraperitoneuli nawilebi\\ menjis organoebis eqstraperitoneuli nawilebi\\\ menjis organoebis mezoperitoneuli nawilebi\\\ menjis sisxlZarRvebi da limfuri kvanZebi

\\\\ ra nawilebad iyofa menjis fasciuri bude:\\ wina da ukana\\\ zeda da qveda\\\ gareTa da SigniTa\\\ medialur da lateralur

\\\\ menjis fasciur budes wina da ukana nawilebad yofs:\\\ Sard-sasqeso SuasaZgidi\\\ Sorisis ganivi iogi\\\ Sorisis apki\\ peritoneum-Sorisis aponevrozi

\\\\ sad mdebareobs Tirkmelzeda jirkvali:\\\ Tirkmlis ukana zedapirze\\\ Tirkmlis wina zedapirze\\\ Tirkmlis qveda boloze

\\ Tirkmlis zeda boloze

\\\\ Tirkmelzeda jirkvlis zedapirebia:\\\ zeda, qveda da Tirkmlismxrivi\\ wina, ukana da Tirkmlismxrivi\\\ medialuri, lateraluri da Tirkmlismxrivi\\\ marjvena, marcxena da Tirkmlismxrivi

\\\\ Tirkmelzeda jirkvlis kari mdebareobs:\\\ zeda zedapirze\\\ Tirkmlismxriv zedapirze\\ wina zedapirze\\\ ukana zedapirze

\\\\ Tirkmelzeda jirkvali Tirkmlisgan gamocalkevebulia:\\ Tirkmlis wina fasciis ukana furcliTa da cximovani kafsuliT\\\ Tirkmlis wina fasciis wina furcliTa da cximovani kafsuliT\\\ Tirkmlis ukana fasciis ukana furcliTa da cximovani kafsuliT\\\ Tirkmlis ukana fasciis wina furcliTa da cximovani kafsuliT

\\\\ Tirkmelzeda jirkvali proecirdeba:\\\ xerxemlisa da paravertebrul xazebs Soris VIII-IX neknis areSi\\\ xerxemlisa da paravertebrul xazebs Soris IX-X neknis areSi\\\ xerxemlisa da paravertebrul xazebs Soris X-XI neknis areSi\\ xerxemlisa da paravertebrul xazebs Soris XI-XII neknis areSi

\\\\ Tirkmelzeda jirkvals kvebavs:\\\ Tirkmlis arteriis wina toti\\\ Tirkmlis arteriis ukana toti\\ zeda, Sua da qveda Tirkmelzeda arteriebi\\\ Tirkmlis damatebiTi arteria

\\\\ arteria suprarenalis superior gamoeyofa:\\\ muclis aortas\\ SuasaZgidis arterias\\\ Tirkmlis arterias\\\ pankres-Tormetgojas arterias

\\\\ arteria suprarenalis media gamoeyofa:\\ muclis aortas\\\ SuasaZgidis arterias\\\ Tirkmlis arterias\\\ pankres-Tormetgojas arterias

\\\\ arteria suprarenalis inferior gamoeyofa:\\\ pankres-Tormetgojas arterias\\\ Tirkmlis arterias\\\ SuasaZgidis arterias\\ Tirkmlis arterias

\\\\ muclis aortas zeda nawilSi winidan faravs:\\ pankreasi da 12 goja nawlavis aswvrivi nawili

\\\ naRvlis buSti da naRvlis saerTo sadinari\\\ ganivi kolinji da misi jorjali\\\ marcxena SardsawveTi

\\\\ muclis aortas qveda nawilSi iribad gadauvlis:\\ wvrili nawlavis jorjlis Ziri\\\ ganivi kolinjis jorjali\\\ sigmoiduri kolinjis jorjali\\\ qvemo Rru vena

\\\\ ra gadauvlis winidan qvemo Rru venas qveda nawilSi?\\ wvrili nawlavis jorjlis Ziri\\\ ganivi kolinjis jorjlis Ziri\\\ Tormetgoja nawlavis zeda nawili\\\ aswvrivi kolinji

\\\\ qvemo Rru venis ukan gaivlis:\\ marjvena Tirkmlis, welisa da SuasaZgidis marjvena arteriebi\\\ marjvena Tirkmlis, welisa da SuasaZgidis marcxena arteriebi\\\ marcxena Tirkmlis, welisa da SuasaZgidis marjvena arteriebi\\\ marcxena Tirkmlis, welisa da SuasaZgidis marcxena arteriebi

\\\\ cistotomiis Cvenebaa:\\ Sardis buStis kenWebi, ucxo sxeulebi, Sardis buStis Wriloba\\\ Tirkmlebis qronikuli anTeba\\\ Tirkmlebis mwvave anTeba\\\ kenWebi Tirkmlis menjSi

\\\\ rogoria operaciuli midgoma cistotomiis dros:\\ qveda Sua ganakveTi\\\ zeda Sua ganakveTi\\\ parareqtaluri ganakveTi\\\ yvela zemoCamoTvlili

\\\\ cistotomiis dros ketgutis saWer nakerebs adeben:\\\ Sardis buStis ukana kedelze mwvervalTan axlos\\ Sardis buStis wina kedelze mwvervalTan axlos\\\ Sardis buStis gverdiT kedelze mwvervalTan axlos\\\ Sardis buStis gverdiT kedelze fuZesTan axlos

\\\\ Sardis buStis kedels keraven:\\ kunTovan garsSi gatarebuli ketgutis nakeriT\\\ kunTovan garsSi gatarebuli abreSumis nakeriT\\\ serozul garsSi gatarebuli ketgutis nakeriT\\\ serozul garsSi gatarebuli abreSumis nakeriT

\\\\ Sardis buStis lorwovanSi nakeris gatareba gamoiwvevs:\\\ nakeris gaxsnas

\\\ Seuxorceblobas\\\ daCirqebas\\ Zafze marilebis daleqvas da konkrementebis warmoqmnas

\\\\ rogori nakeriT ikereba Sardis buStis kedeli:\\\ erTiarusiani\\ oriarusiani\\\ samiarusiani\\\ oTxiarusiani

\\\\ hemoroiduli kvanZebis gadaskvnis Cvenebaa:\\\ hemoroiduli kvanZebis gaWedva\\\ hemoroiduli kvanZebis mwvave anTeba\\ kvanZebis xSiri gamovardna da hemoroiduli sisxldena\\\ kvanZebis Rrma lokalizacia garTulebuli paraproqtitiT

\\\\ hemoroiduli kvanZebis gadaskvnis dros avadmyofi wevs:\\\ mucelze, menji udevs magidis centrSi\\\ mucelze, menji udevs magidis kideze\\\ zurgze, menji udevs magidis centrSi\\ zurgze, menji udevs magidis kideze\\\\ hemoroidul kvanZebs maSebi edeba:\\\ yiTasadmi iribi mimarTulebiT\\ yiTasadmi radialuri mimarTulebiT\\\ yiTasadmi gaswvrivi mimarTulebiT\\\ yiTasadmi irgvlivi mimarTulebiT

\\\\ maSebi kvanZebs yiTasadmi radialuri mimarTulebiT edeba:\\\ nawiburis mier yiTas dagrZelebis acilebis mizniT\\\ nawiburis mier yiTas damoklebis acilebis mizniT\\ nawiburis mier yiTas Seviwroebis acilebis mizniT\\\ nawiburis mier yiTas gafarToebis acilebis mizniT

\\\\ ra aris paraproqtiti:\\\ wvrili nawlavis irgvliv arsebuli SemaerTebeli qsovilis anTeba\\ swori nawlavis irgvliv arsebuli SemaerTebeli qsovilis anTeba\\\ sigmoiduri kolinjis irgvliv arsebuli SemaerTebeli qsovilis anTeba\\\ daswvrivi kolinjis irgvliv arsebuli SemaerTebeli qsovilis anTeba

\\\\ Cirqovani keris lokalizaciis mixedviT arCeven:\\\ wina da ukana paraproqtitebs\\\ zeda da qveda paraproqtitebs\\ zedapirul da Rrma paraproqtitebs\\\ SigniTa da gareTa paraproqtitebs

\\\\ paraproqtitebis gaxsnis meTodika damokidebulia:\\ Cirqovani keris lokalizaciaze\\\ Cirqovani keris raodenobaze\\\ Cirqovani keris konstitenciaze\\\ Cirqovani keris garemomcvel elementebze

\\\\ kanqveSa paraproqtitebis dros avleben:

\\ radialur ganakveTs\\\ irib ganakveTs\\\ gaswvriv ganakveTs\\\ irgvliv ganakveTs

\\\\ kanqveSa paraproqtitis dros ganakveTi gaivleba:\\\ fluqtuaciis an infiltraciis adgilis zemoT\\\ fluqtuaciis an infiltraciis adgilis qvemoT\\\ fluqtuaciis an infiltraciis adgilidan moSorebiT\\ uSualod fluqtuaciis an infiltraciis adgilze

\\\\ swori nawlavi mdebareobs:\\ gavis Zvlis wina zedapirze\\\ gavis Zvlis ukana zedapirze\\\ gavis Zvlis gverdiT zedapirze\\\ gavis Zvlis zeda zedapirze

\\\\ swori nawlavi iwyeba:\\\ gavis I malis doneze\\\ gavis II malis doneze\\ gavis III malis doneze\\\ gavis IV malis doneze

\\\\ swori nawlavis sigrZea:\\\ 10-12sm.\\ 15-20sm.\\\ 25-30sm.\\\ 5-10sm.

\\\\ swori nawlavSi gamoyofen:\\\ menjisa da muclis nawilebs\\\ menjisa da sazardulis nawilebs\\\ menjisa da barZayis nawilebs\\ menjisa da Sorisis nawilebs

\\\\ swori nawlavis menjis nawili mdebareobs:\\ yiTas amwevi kunTis zemoT\\\ yiTas amwevi kunTis qvemoT\\\ yiTas amwevi kunTis medialurad\\\ yiTas amwevi kunTis lateralurad

\\\\ swori nawlavis Sorisis nawili mdebareobs:\\\ yiTas amwevi kunTis zemoT\\ yiTas amwevi kunTis qvemoT\\\ yiTas amwevi kunTis medialurad\\\ yiTas amwevi kunTis lateralurad

\\\\ romel nawilSia ampulla recti:\\\ swori nawlavis dasawyis nawilSi\\\ swori nawlavis Sua nawilSi\\\ swori nawlavis Sorisis nawilSi\\ swori nawlavis menjis nawilSi

\\\\ yiTas arxs uwodeben:\\\ swori nawlavis dasawyis nawils\\\ swori nawlavis Sua nawils\\ swori nawlavis Sorisis nawils\\\ swori nawlavis menjis nawils

\\\\ supraampuluri nawili peritoneumiT dafarulia:\\ yovelmxriv\\\ gverdebidan\\\ winidan\\\ uknidan

\\\\ swori nawlavis ampulis nawili dasawyisSi peritoneumiT dafarulia:\\\ yovelmxriv\\\ winidan da uknidan\\\ uknidan da gverdebidan\\ winidan da gverdebidan

\\\\ swori nawlavis ampulis nawili qveviT peritoneumiT dafarulia:\\\ mxolod uknidan\\ mxolod winidan\\\ mxolod gverdebidan\\\ yovelmxriv

\\\\ swornawlav-buStis CaRrmaveba iqmneba:\\\ gavis I an II malis doneze\\\ gavis II an III malis doneze\\\ gavis III an IV malis doneze\\ gavis IV an V malis doneze

\\\\ swori nawlavis peritoneumiT dafarul zedapirs exeba:\\\ Sardis buSti, winamdebare jirkvali, wvrili nawlavis maryuJebi\\\ Sardis buSti, aswvrivi kolinji, wvrili nawlavis maryuJebi\\\ Sardis buSti, daswvrivi kolinji, wvrili nawlavis maryuJebi\\ Sardis buSti, sigmoiduri kolinji, wvrili nawlavis maryuJebi

\\\\ swori nawlavis ukana zedapiri uSualo urTierTobaSia:\\\ gavis ZvalTan, barZayis ZvalTan, yiTas amwev kunTTan\\ gavis ZvalTan, kudusunTan, yiTas amwev kunTTan\\\ gavis ZvalTan, TeZos ZvalTan, yiTas amwev kunTTan\\\ gavis ZvalTan, gava-kukuxos iogTan, yiTas amwev kunTTan

\\\\ swor nawlavs kvebavs:\\\ swori nawlavis wina, ukana da qveda arteriebi\\ swori nawlavis zeda, Sua da qveda arteriebi\\\ swori nawlavis wina, ukana da zeda arteriebi

\\\ swori nawlavis zeda, qveda da gverdiTi arteriebi

\\\\ swori nawlavis zeda arteria gamoeyofa:\\ jorjlis qvemo arterias\\\ jorjlis zemo arterias\\\ TeZos SigniTa arterias\\\ SigniTa sasircxo arterias

\\\\ swori nawlavis Sua arteria gamoeyofa:\\\ jorjlis qvemo arterias\\\ jorjlis zemo arterias\\\ SigniTa sasircxo arterias\\ TeZos SigniTa arterias

\\\\ swori nawlavis qveda arteria gamoeyofa:\\\ TeZos SigniTa arterias\\ SigniTa sasircxo arterias\\\ jorjlis qvemo arterias\\\ jorjlis zemo arterias

\\\\ swori nawlavis venuri wnulebia:\\\ menjis, lorwqveSa da subfasciuri\\\ Sorisis, lorwqveSa da subfasciuri\\ kanqveSa, lorwqveSa da subfasciuri\\\ kanqveSa, menjisa da Sorisis

\\\\ hemoroiduli zona mdebareobs:\\ yiTas zemoT arsebul lorwovani garsis gaswvriv naoWebs Soris\\\ yiTas qvemoT arsebul lorwovani garsis gaswvriv naoWebs Soris\\\ yiTas win arsebul lorwovani garsis gaswvriv naoWebs Soris\\\ yiTas ukan arsebul lorwovani garsis gaswvriv naoWebs Soris

\\\\ swor nawlavs anervebs:\\\ jorjlis zemo da hipogastruli nervuli wnulebi\\ jorjlis qvemo da hipogastruli nervuli wnulebi\\\ jorjlis zemo da faSvis nervuli wnulebi\\\ jorjlis qvemo da faSvis nervuli wnulebi

\\\\ swori nawlavis venuri wnulebis saSualebiT erTmaneTTandakavSirebulia:\\ qvemo Rru venisa da karis venis sistemebi\\\ zemo Rru venisa da qvemo Rru venis sistemebi\\\ zemo Rre venis sistemis venebi\\\ qvemo Rru venis sistemis venebi

\\\\ Sardis buSti mdebareobs:\\ menjis SuasaZgidze, boqvenis simfizsa da swori nawlavis ampulur nawlsSoris

\\\ menjis SuasaZgidze, boqvenis simfizsa da gavis Zavals Soris\\\ menjis SuasaZgidze, swor nawlavsa da gavis Zavals Soris\\\ menjis SuasaZgidze, boqvenis simfizsa da yiTas amwev kunTs Soris

\\\\ Sardis buStis kunTovan Sreebs erTad ewodeba:\\\ Sardis Semakavebeli kunTi\\\ Sardis avsebis kunTi\\ Sardis damcleli kunTi\\\ Sardis gamomyofi kunTi

\\\\ Sardis buStis samkuTxedi mdebareobs:\\ fuZis farglebSi\\\ yelis farglebSi\\\ mwvervalis farglebSi\\\ sxeulis farglebSi

\\\\ Sardis buStis samkuTxedis wina kuTxe Seesabameba:\\\ marjvena SardsawveTis xvrels\\\ marcxena SardsawveTis xvrels\\\ Sardsadenis gareTa xvrels\\ Sardsadenis SigniTa xvrels

\\\\ Sardis buStis samkuTxedis ukana kuTxeebi Seesabameba:\\\ winamdebare jirkvlis Sua nawils\\ SardsawveTebis xvrelebs\\\ Sardsadenis gareTa xvrels\\\ Sardsadenis SigniTa xvrels

\\\\ Sardis buStis naqi mdebareobs:\\\ SardsawveTebis xvrelebis ukan, Sardis buStis samkuTxedis farglebSi\\\ SardsawveTebis xvrelebis win, Sardis buStis samkuTxedis farglebSi\\ Sardsadenis SigniTa xvrelis ukan, Sardis buStis samkuTxedis farglebSi\\\ Sardsadenis SigniTa xvrelis win, Sardis buStis samkuTxedis farglebSi

\\\\ Sardis buStis naqi Seesabameba:\\ winamdebare jirkvlis Sua nawils\\\ winamdebare jirkvlis zeda nawils\\\ winamdebare jirkvlis qveda nawils\\\ winamdebare jirkvlis gverdiT nawils

\\\\ Sardis buSti peritoneumiT dafarulia:\\\ qvevidan, nawilobriv winidan da gverdebidan\\\ zevidan, nawilobriv winidan da gverdebidan\\\ qvevidan, nawilobriv uknidan da gverdebidan\\ zevidan, nawilobriv uknidan da gverdebidan

\\\\ Sardis buStis ganivi naoWi iqmneba:\\\ peritoneumis muclis ukana kedlidan _ buStze gadasvlis adgilze\\ peritoneumis muclis wina kedlidan _ buStze gadasvlis adgilze\\\ peritoneumis muclis gverdiTi kedlidan _ buStze gadasvlis adgilze\\\ peritoneumis swori nawlavidan _ buStze gadasvlis adgilze

\\\\ Sardis buStis wina SemaerTebelqsovilovani sivrce mdebareobs:\\\ boqvenis simfizsa da swor nawlavs Soris\\\ boqvenis simfizsa da saSvilosnos Soris\\ boqvenis simfizsa da Sardis buSts Soris\\\ boqvenis simfizsa da winamdebare jirkvals Soris

\\\\ rogor urTierTobaSia winamdebare jirkvali Sardis buStTan:\\\ gars exveva Sardis buStis mwvervals da Sardsadenis dasawyiss\\\ gars exveva Sardis buStis sxeuls da Sardsadenis dasawyiss\\\ gars exveva Sardis buStis fuZes da Sardsadenis dasawyiss\\ gars exveva Sardis buStis yels da Sardsadenis dasawyiss

\\\\ Sardis buSts kvebavs:\\\ Sardis buStis wina da ukana arteriebi\\ Sardis buStis zeda da qveda arteriebi\\\ Sardis buStis marjvena da marcxena arteriebi\\\ Sardis buStis SigniTa da gareTa arteriebi

\\\\ Sardis buStis zeda arteria gamoeyofa:\\\ jorjlis zeda arterias\\\ jorjlis qveda arterias\\ Wipis arteriis dasawyis nawils\\\ TeZos SigniTa arteriis wina Reros

\\\\ Sardis buStis qveda arteria gamoeyofa:\\ TeZos SigniTa arteriis wina Reros\\\ Wipis arteriis dasawyis nawils\\\ jorjlis zeda arterias\\\ jorjlis qveda arterias

\\\\ Sardis buStis venebi erTvis:\\\ winamdebare jirkvlis venur wnuls\\\ swori nawlavis venur wnuls\\\ saSvilosnos venur wnuls\\ Sardis buStis venur wnuls

\\\\ Sardis buSts anervebs:\\\ wina da ukana hipogastruli wnulis totebi\\ zeda da qveda hipogastruli wnulis totebi\\\ marjvena da marcxena hipogastruli wnulis totebi\\\ SigniTa da gareTa hipogastruli wnulis totebi

\\\\ sad xorcieldeba Cxvleta paranefraluri blokadis dros?\\ XII neknsa da zurgis gammarTvel kunTs Soris kuTxeSi\\\ XI neknsa da zurgis gammarTvel kunTs Soris kuTxeSi\\\ maxvilisebr morCsa da VII nekns Soris kuTxeSi\\\ Sua da ukana aqsilarul xazebs Soris

\\\\ paranefraluri blokadis mizania:\\\ muclis midamos kunTebis inervaciis droebiTi gamoTiSva\\\ muclis midamos kanis inervaciis droebiTi gamoTiSva\\\ muclis midamos inervaciis droebiTi gamoTiSva\\ muclis Rrus organoebisa da sisxlZarRvebis inervaciis droebiTigamoTiSva

\\\\ romeli, ramden procentiani da ra raodenobiT nivTiereba SehyavTparanefriumSi paranefraluri bolokadis dros mozrdilebSi:\\\ novokainis 0,5%-iani xsnaris 60-100 ml.\\ novokainis 0,25%-iani xsnaris 60-100 ml.\\\ novokainis 0,25%-iani xsnaris 20-50 ml.\\\ novokainis 0,5%-iani xsnaris 10-20 ml.

\\\\ paranefraluri blokadis dros ra iTvleba nemsis wveris paranefriumSimoxvedris kriteriumad:\\ novokainis xsnaris ukudenis Sewyveta\\\ novokainis xsnaris ukudenis gaZliereba\\\ Sardvis gaxSireba\\\ gaxSirebuli kuWis moqmedeba

\\\\ romel ganakveTebs iyeneben TirkmelTan midgomisTvis:\\ fiodorovisa da bergman-izraelis\\\ fiodorovisa da makburneis\\\ Jirarisa da bergman-izraelis\\\ lenanderisa da koxeris

\\\\ romeli ganakveTiT miudgebian SardsawveTis zeda da Sua nawilebs:\\\ wulukiZis\\\ makburneis\\\ lenanderis\\ bergman-izraelis

\\\\ romeli ganakveTiT miudgebian SardsawveTis qveda nawils:\\\ lenanderis an koxeris\\ pirogovis an wulukiZis\\\ janeliZis an rio-brankos\\\ bergmanis an makburneis

\\\\ sad keTdeba ganakveTi TirkmelTan midgomisaTvis fiodorovis mixedviT:\\\ XI neknisa da zurgis gammarTveli kunTis urTierTgadakveTis wertilidanqveviT iribi mimarTulebiT Wipisken da aRwevs muclis swori kunTislateralur kides\\\ XII neknisa da zurgis gammarTveli kunTis urTierTgadakveTiswertilidan qveviT iribi mimarTulebiT Wipisken da aRwevs muclis sworikunTis medialur kides\\ XII neknisa da zurgis gammarTveli kunTis urTierTgadakveTis wertilidanqveviT iribi mimarTulebiT Wipisken da aRwevs muclis swori kunTislateralur kides

\\\ X neknisa da zurgis gammarTveli kunTis urTierTgadakveTis wertilidanqveviT iribi mimarTulebiT Wipisken da aRwevs muclis swori kunTislateralur kides

\\\\ sad keTdeba ganakveTi TirkmelTan midgomisaTvis bergman-izraelismixedviT:\\ XII neknisa da zurgis gammarTveli kunTis urTierTgadakveTis wertilSiSeqmnili kuTxis biseqtrisaze iribad, qveviT da win iRliis wina xazamde\\\ XII neknisa da zurgis gammarTveli kunTis urTierTgadakveTis wertilSiSeqmnili kuTxis biseqtrisaze iribad, qveviT da win laviwis Sua xazamde\\\ XII neknisa da zurgis gammarTveli kunTis urTierTgadakveTiswertilidan qveviT iribi mimarTulebiT Wipisken da aRwevs muclis sworikunTis medialur kides\\\ XII neknisa da zurgis gammarTveli kunTis urTierTgadakveTiswertilidan qveviT iribi mimarTulebiT Wipisken da aRwevs muclis sworikunTis lateralur kides

\\\\ nefreqtomiis Cvenebebia:\\\ Tirkmlis travmuli dazianeba, hidronefrozi, Tirkmlis Wvali,nefroliTiazi, avTvisebiani simsivne\\\ Tirkmlis mZime travmuli dazianeba, hidronefrozi, peritoniti,nefroliTiazi, avTvisebiani simsivne\\ Tirkmlis mZime travmuli dazianeba, hidronefrozi, pionefrozi,nefroliTiazi, avTvisebiani simsivne\\\ Tirkmlis mZime travmuli dazianeba, hidronefrozi, pionefrozi,nefroliTiazi, avTvisebiani simsivne, qveda kidurebis maoblitirirebeliendarteriti

\\\\ ra TanmimdevrobiT gadaskvnian Tirkmlis fexis elementebsnefreqtomiisas\\\ vena SardsawveTi da arteria\\\ venas da arterias gadaskvnian pirvelad – erTad, xolo Semdeggadaskvnian SardsawveTs\\ SardsawveTi, arteria, vena\\\ SardsawveTs, venas da arterias gadaskvnian erTad

\\\\ sad keTdeba Sardis buStis kapilaruli punqcia:\\\ Sua xazze kanis perpendikularulad, boqvenis simfizidan 0,5 sm-iT zemoT\\ Sua xazze kanis perpendikularulad, boqvenis simfizidan 2 sm-iT zemoT\\\ Sua xazze kanis perpendikularulad, boqvenis simfizidan 4 sm-iT zemoT\\\ Sua xazze kanis perpendikularulad, boqvenis simfizidan 7 sm-iT zemoT

\\\\ ra siRrmeze SehyavT nemsi qsovilebSi Sardis buStis kapilarulipunqciis dros:\\\ 1-3 sm-iT siRrmeze\\\ 3-5 sm-iT siRrmeze\\ 6-8 sm-iT siRrmeze\\\ 10-12 sm-iT siRrmez

\\\\ rogoria operaciuli midgoma epicistostomiisas:

\\\ transreqtaluri ganakveTi\\\ parareqtaluri ganakveTi\\\ zeda Sua ganakveTi\\ qveda Sua ganakveTi

\\\\ ra SeyavT gaxsnil Sardis buStSi epicistostomiis dros:\\\ liTonis moxrili kaTeteri\\ specialuri kaTeteri pecerisa\\\ koxeris Rariani zondi\\\ marlis didi tamponi

\\\\ sad mdebareoben Tirkmelebi:\\\ gulmkerdis X da welis I-II malebis doneze\\ gulmkerdis XII da welis I-II malebis doneze\\\ gulmkerdis XII da welis I-III malebis doneze\\\ gulmkerdis XI da welis I-IV malebis doneze

\\\\ sad mdebareobs Tirkmlis kari:\\\ Tirkmlis lateralur kideze da mimarTulia odnav win\\\ Tirkmlis lateralur kideze da mimarTulia odnav ukan\\ Tirkmlis medialur kideze da mimarTulia odnav win\\\ Tirkmlis medialur kideze da mimarTulia odnav ukan

\\\\ Tirkmeli riTia uSualod dafaruli:\\ fibrozuli kafsuliT\\\ cximovani kafsuliT\\\ sakuTari fasciis wina furcliT\\\ sakuTari fasciis ukana furcliT

\\\\ riTia dafaruli fibrozuli kafsula:\\\ sakuTari fasciis wina furcliT\\\ sakuTari fasciis ukana furcliT\\\ fibrozuli kafsuliT\\ cximovani kafsuliT

\\\\ Tirkmlis cximovani kafsula anu:\\\ parakoloni\\ paranefroni\\\ paraureteroni\\\ paraproqtiti

\\\\ ra mdebareobs Tirkmlis karSi:\\\ Tirkmlis sisxlZarRvebi, nervebi, aorta da qvemo Rru vena\\\ Tirkmlis sisxlZarRvebi, nervebi, Tirkmlis menji da SardsawveTi\\ Tirkmlis sisxlZarRvebi, nervebi, Tirkmlis menji da limfuri kvanZebi\\\ Tirkmlis sisxlZarRvebi, nervebi, Tirkmelzeda jirkvali da limfurikvanZebi

\\\\ ra aris Tirkmlis fexi:

\\ Tirkmlis menjis, sisxlZarRvebis, nervebis da limfuri kvanZebiserToblioba\\\ Tirkmlis menjis, sisxlZarRvebis, nervebis da SardsawveTis erToblioba\\\ Tirkmlis sisxlZarRvebis, nervebis, aortis da qvemo Rru veniserToblioba\\\ Tirkmlis sisxlZarRvebis, nervebis da Tirkmelzeda jirkvaliserToblioba

\\\\ ra TanmimdevrobiTaa ganlagebuli Tirkmlis karis elementebi:\\\ win Tirkmlis menji, ukan arteria da vena, kidev ufro ukan nervebi\\\ win nervebi, ukan arteria da vena, kidev ufro ukan Tirkmlis menji\\\ win arteria, ukan vena da nervebi, kidev ufro ukan Tirkmlis menji\\ win vena, ukan arteria da nervebi, kidev ufro ukan Tirkmlis menji

\\\\ ra kvebavs Tirkmels:\\\ Tirkmlis arteria da 1/2 SemTxvevaSi Tirkmlis damatebiTi arteriebi\\\ Tirkmelzeda arteria da 1/2 SemTxvevaSi Tirkmlis damatebiTi arteriebi\\ Tirkmlis arteria da 1/4 SemTxvevaSi Tirkmlis damatebiTi arteriebi\\\ Tirkmelzeda arteria da 1/4 SemTxvevaSi Tirkmlis damatebiTi arteriebi

\\\\ ras gamoeyofa Tirkmlis damatebiTi arteriebi:\\ muclis aortas\\\ pankreasis qveda arterias\\\ elenTis arterias\\\ kuW-Tormetgojas arterias

\\\\ sad Sedian damatebiTi arteriebi TirkmelSi:\\\ wina an ukana zedapirebze da Tirkmlis kariT\\\ zeda an qveda zedapirebze da Tirkmlis kariT\\\ wina an ukana zedapirebze, medialur an lateraluri kidis gaswvriv\\ wina an ukana zedapirebze, zeda an qveda bolos maxloblad

\\\\ Tirkmlis inervacia xorcieldeba:\\\ gavis wnuliT\\ Tirkmlis wnuliT\\\ elenTis wnuliT\\\ jorjlis wnuliT

\\\\CamoTvaleT Tavis formebi:\\\endocefaluri, morfocefaluri, braqicefaluri\\\eqstracefaluri, mezocefaluri, doliqocefaluri\\\doliqomorfuli, mezomorfuli, braqimorfuli\\doliqocefali, mezocefali, braqicefali

\\\\Sublis midamos sisxliT amaragebs:\\\yuris wina da ukana arteriebi\\\saxis da safeTqlis arteriebi\\WaRzeda da Tvalbudis zeda arteriebi\\\WaRqveda da Tvalbudis qveda arteriebi

\\\\romel venebs akavSirebs erTmaneTTan gamosaSvebi venebi:\\qalasarqvelis rbili safarvelis venebs da tvinis magari garsis venursinusebs\\\WaRzeda da Tvalbudis zeda venebs\\\yuris wina da ukana venebs\\\safeTqlis zedapirul da saxis venebs

\\\\sad mdebareobs tvinis magari garsis ganivi sinusi?\\ganiv RarSi\\\sigmoidur RarSi\\\naTxemis karavSi\\\Turqul kexze

\\\\miuTiTeT Zval-plastiuri trepanaciis wesebi:\\vagner-volfisa da olivekronas\\\pirogovis da Sevkunenkos\\\janeliZis da muxaZis\\\Ciqovanis da CaCavas

\\\\daasaxeleT Subl-Txem-kefis midamos pirveli SemaerTebelqsovilovaniSre:\\\myesovani abjris qveS mdebare SemaerTebeli qsovili\\kanqveSa qsovili\\\Sublis kunTis qveS mdebare SemaerTebeli qsovili\\\kefis kunTis qveS mdebare SemaerTebeli qsovili

\\\\Subl-Txem-kefis midamoSi Zvlisazrdelas qveS lokalizebuli hematomisan Cirqgrovis gavrcelebis farglebi:\\\vrceldeba mTel midamoSi\\\Subl-Txem-kefis midamodan gadadis Tvalbudis midamoSi\\SemosazRvrulia erTi Zvlis farglebiT\\\SemosazRvrulia ori Zvlis farglebiT

\\\\sigmoiduri sinusi mdebareobs:\\sigmoidur RarSi\\\naTxemis karavSi\\\ganiv RarSi\\\dvrilisebr morCSi

\\\\kronleinis sqemis mixedviT qveda horizontalur xazs avleben:\\\Tvalbudis qveda kidesa da dvrilisebri morCis mwvervals Soris\\\Tvalbudis qveda kidesa da yvrimalis rkalze\\Tvalbudis qveda kidesa da gareTa sasmeni xvrelis zeda kideze\\\Tvalbudis zeda kideze horizontalurad

\\\\qalas tviniseul nawilSi arCeven:\\\Tvalbudesa da saxis gareTa nawils\\qalasarqvelsa da qalas fuZes\\\qalas wina da ukana nawilebs\\\hemisferoebsa da naTxems

\\\\Subl-Txem-kefis midamos meore SemaerTebelqsovilovani Sre mdebareobs:\\myesovani abjris qveS\\\Sublis kunTis qveS\\\kefis kunTis qveS\\\safeTqlis kunTis qveS

\\\\safeTqlis midamo qvevidan moisazRvreba:\\\Sublis Zvlis yvrimalis morCiT yvrimalis rkaliT\\\yvrimalis morCiT\\\yvrimalis Zvlis Sublis morCiT\\yvrimalis rkaliT

\\\\mRvimovani sinusis gareTa kedelTan mdebareobs:\\samwvera kvanZi\\\simpaTikuri kvanZi\\\gulis kvanZi\\\varskvlavisebri kvanZi

\\\\rogoria kanis ganakveTi qalas trepanaciis dros:\\\gamodrekilobiT qvemoTken mimarTuli rkalovani ganakveTi\\\gadmodrekilobiT winisken mimarTuli ganakveTi\\\gadmodrekilobiT ukanisken mimarTuli ganakveTi\\gamodrekilobiT zemoTken mimarTuli rkalovani ganakveTi

\\\\ras gamoxatavs qalas maCvenebeli:\\\qalas simaRlis procentul Sefardebas mis siganesTan\\qalas siganis procentul Sefardebas mis sigrZesTan\\\qalas simaRlis procentul Sefardebas mis sigrZesTan\\\qalas sigrZis procentul Sefardebas mis siganesTan

\\\\qalas rbili safarvelis Wrilobebs sakmaod intensiuri sisxlis denaaxasiaTebT, radganac:\\\travmis Sedegad gamoiyofa nivTiereba, romelic xels uwyobs sisxlisdenas\\gadakveTili sisxlZarRvebis sanaTurebi ar viwrovdeba\\\sisxlis ZarRvebi Wrilobidan gamodian gareT\\\sisxlZarRvebs Soris uxvi anastomozebia

\\\\ qalas travmis dros SedarebiT ufro advilad, xSirad da farTofarglebSi ziandeba:\\\Zvlebis Rrublisebri nivTiereba\\\Zvlebis gareTa firfita\\Zvlebis SigniTa firfita\\\gareTa da SigniTa firfitebi erTnairad

\\\\qveda sagitaluri sinusi mdebareobs:\\\didi tvinis namglis zeda kideSi\\didi tvinis namglis qveda kideSi\\\didi tvinis namglis wina boloSi\\\didi tvinis namglis ukana boloSi

\\\\ra ewodeba dvrilisebri morCis trepanacias:\\antrotomia\\\rezeqcia\\\amputacia\\\antroplastika

\\\\qalasarqvelze ZiriTadad avleben:\\\gaswvriv ganakveTebs\\\ganiv ganakveTebs\\\irib ganakveTebs\\radialur ganakveTebs

\\\\tvinis magari garsis venuri sinusis dazianeba mosalodnelia:\\SeRweuli Wrilobis SemTxvevaSi, qalas Zvlebis damuSavebisas anda Zvlisnamsxvrevebis amoclis dros\\\Subl-Txem-kefis midamos I SemaerTebelqsovilovan SreSi hematomisganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi\\\safeTqel-qvedaybis saxsris wina amovardnilobisas\\\safeTqel-qvedaybis saxsris ukana amovardnilobisas

\\\\dazianebuli zeda sagitaluri sinusis plastika xorcieldeba:\\didi saCino venis fragmentiT\\\SigniTa sauRle venis fragmentiT\\\barZayis arteriiT\\\SigniTa saZile arteriiT

\\\\ra unda gakeTdes qalasSiga wnevis momatebis niSnebis gamomJRavnebisSemTxvevaSi Tavis Wrilobis pirveladi qirurgiuli damuSavebis dros:\\\avadmyofs ukeTdeba sisxlis wnevis damwevi saSualebebi\\akeTeben lumbalur punqcias\\\Tavze adeben civ rezinis parkebs\\\gadaskvnian saerTo saZile arterias

\\\\Tavis SeRweuli Wrilobis SemTxvevaSi rogor xorcieldeba tvinisWrilobis damuSaveba:\\amokveTen tvinis magari garsis kideebs, tvinis nivTierebidan amoaclianucxo sxeulebs, Zvlis namsxvrevebs, Wrilobas gamorecxaven Tbilifiziologiuri xsnariT

\\\amokveTen mxolod tvinis magari garsis kideebs da Wrilobas gamorecxavencivi wyliT\\\magari garsis Wrilobas gaaganivreben , ucxo sxeulebs amoaclian, tvinisWrilobis arxs mWidrod daatamponeben\\\Wrilobas gamorecxaven hipertonuli xsnariT, amokveTen tvinis Wrilobiskideebs

\\\\ra forma unda mieces Wrilobas Subl-Txem-kefis midamos rbiliqsovilebis Wrilobis pirveladi qirurgiuli damuSavebis dros:\\\sferuli an samkuTxedis\\xazovani an elifsisebri\\\rkalovani\\\naxevradrkalovani

\\\\qalas trepanaciis rezeqciuli wesis dros:\\Zvlovan firfitas amoaclian da qalasarqvelSi rCeba defeqti\\\Zvlovan firfitas amoaclian da Semdeg isev aTavseben adgilze\\\Zvlovan firfitas gadaabruneben da defeqts daxuraven misi gareTazedapiriT\\\Zvlovan firfitas aaclian perikraniums da ise daxuraven defeqts

\\\\rogor keTdeba qalas Zval-plastikuri trepanacia vagner-volfis wesiT:\\\kan-aponevrozisa da Zval-Zvlisazrdelas nafleTebis cal-calke gamoWriT\\\kanisa da kanqveSa qsovilis nafleTi gamoiWreba calke, xoloaponevrozisa da Zval-Zvlisazrdelas nafleTi calke\\\rbili qsovilebisa da Zvlisazrdelas nafleTi Seiqmneba calke, xoloZvlis nafleTs moxerxaven calke\\Seqmnian rbili qsovilebisa da Zvlis Semcvel erTian nafleTs

\\\\qalas trepanaciis dros Zvlisazrdelasagan gamoTavisuflebul Zvliszolze romeli xelsawyoTi akeTeben satrepanacio xvrelebs:\\\Zvlis satexiT\\\eleqtro xerxiT\\xelis cibrutiT\\\kvnetara maSiT

\\\\satrepanacio xvrelebs Soris qalas Zvals xerxaven:\\\moxrili xerxiT\\jilis mavTulovani xerxiT\\\swori xerxiT\\\furclovani xerxiT

\\\\rodis keTdeba qalas dekompresiuli trepanacia:\\araoperabiluri simsivneebis dros\\\maRali arteriuli wnevis SemTxvevebSi\\\mudmivi Tavis tkivilebis dros\\\myesovani abjris qveS ganviTarebuli hematomis dros

\\\\saxis gverdiT midamoSi Rrma ganakveTis mimarTuleba unda Seesabamebodes:\\\samwvera nervis totebis msvlelobas\\\sisxlZarRvebis msvlelobas\\\limfuri ZarRvebis msvlelobas\\saxis nervis totebis msvlelobas

\\\\Subl-Txem-kefis midamos sisxlZarRvebi moTavsebulia:\\\myesovani abjris qveS ganivad\\\myesovani abjris zeviT gaswvrivad\\myesovani abjris zeviT radialurad\\\myesovani abjris zeviT spiralurad

\\\\dvrilisebri gamosaSvebi vena gaivlis:\\\safeTqlis Zvlis xvrelSi\\dvrilisebr xvrelSi\\\saxis nervis arxSi\\\kefis xvrelSi

\\\\kefis gamosaSvebi vena erTmaneTTan akavSirebs:\\\kefis venasa da swor sinuss\\kefis venas da ganiv sinuss\\\safeTqlis zedapirul venas da ganiv sinuss\\\yuris ukana venas da ganiv sinuss

\\\\yur-safeTqlis nervi gamoeyofa:\\\zedaybis nervs\\qvedaybis nervs\\\yvrimalis nervs\\\loyis nervs

\\\\Sua meningealuri arteria qalas RruSi Sedis:\\wvetiani xvreliT\\\mrgvali xvreliT\\\ovaluri xvreliT\\\kefis didi xvreliT

\\\\ra daniSnuleba aqvs tvinisaTvis magari garsis morCebs:\\\icaven sisxlZarRvebs da nervebs\\\icaven limfur ZarRvebs\\\gamoyofen Tav-zurg-tvinis siTxes\\asruleben amortizatoris rols

\\\\tvinis magar garss kvebavs:\\\Sua meningealuri, xerxemlis da tvinis Sua arteriebi\\\wina meningealuri da xaxis daswvrivi arteriebi\\\ukana meningealuri, xerxemlis da tvinis ukana arteriebi\\wina, Sua da ukana meningealuri arteriebi

\\\\zeda sagitaluri sinusi vrceldeba:\\brma xvrelidan kefis SigniTa SemaRlebamde\\\nazionidan Turqul kexamde\\\glabeladan qedis qveda xazamde\\\brma xvrelidan mRvimovan sinusamde

\\\\kefis sinusi gaivlis:\\\mRvimovani sinusis lateralurad\\\ganivi Raris paralelurad\\\sigmoiduri Raris gaswvriv\\naTxemis namglis ZirSi

\\\\centraluri Rari gamoyofs:\\\Txemis wils kefis wilisagan\\\Sublis wils safeTqlis wilisagan\\\Tavis Tvinis hemisferoebs erTmaneTisagan\\Sublis wils Txemis wilisagan

\\\\qala-tvinis topografias Seiswavlian:\\\Ciqovanis sqemiT\\kronleinis sqemiT\\\burdenkos sqemiT\\\janeliZis sqemiT

\\\\saxis gverdiTi midamo moisazRvreba zevidan:\\\yvrimalis rkaliT da Tvalbudis Ezeda kidiT\\yvrimalis rkaliT da Tvalbudis qveda kidiT\\\warbebis doneze gavlebuli horizontaluri sibrtyiT\\\cxvir-tuCis naoWiT

\\\\saxis gverdiTi midamos kanqveSa qsovilSi ganlagebulia:\\sisxlZarRvebi da nervebi\\\cximisa da oflis jirkvlebi\\\sanerwyve jirkvlebi\\\saReWi kunTebi

\\\\qveda ybis ukana foso SemosazRvrulia, zevidan:\\\sadgisisebri morCiT\\\frTisebri morCiT\\\SigniTa sasmeni xvreliT\\gareTa sasmeni xvreliT

\\\\yba-yuris jirkvlis kafsulisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia:\\\organos stromasTan mWidrod ar aris dakavSirebuli\\\Seicavs pariesul da viscerul furclebs\\mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli organos stromasTan da medialur zedapirzeSeicavs defeqts\\\mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli organos stromasTan da lateralur zedapirzeSeicavs defeqts

\\\\yba-yuris jirkvlis sisqeSi gareTa saZile arterias gamoeyofa:\\\enis arteria, zeda ybis arteria\\\saxis arteria, Tvalbudis qveda arteria\\safeTqlis zedapiruli arteria, zeda ybis arteria\\\xaxis aswvrivi arteria, xorxis zeda arteria

\\\\yba-yuris jirkvlis sadinari ixsneba piris karibWeSi:\\\zeda eSvis doneze\\zeda meore didi ZiriTadi kbilis doneze\\\medialuri saWreli kbilis doneze\\\lateraluri saWreli kbilis doneze

\\\\saxis arteria proeqcirdeba xazze, romelic gaivlis saReWi kunTis winakidisa da qveda ybis qveda kidis gadakveTis wertilidan:\\Tvalis napralis SigniTa kuTxemde\\\Tvalis napralis gareTa kuTxemde\\\piris kuTxemde\\\cxviris frTamde

\\\\saxis Rrma midamoSi zeda ybis arterias gamoeyofa:\\Sua meningealuri arteria, kbilbudeTa qveda arteria, saReWi aretria,safeTqlis Rrma arteriebi, loyis arteria\\\ukana meningealuri arteria, kbilbudeTa qveda arteria, saReWi arteria,safeTqlis Rrma arteriebi, loyis arteria\\\wina da ukana meningealuri arteriebi, saReWi arteria\\\Sua meningealuri arteria, kbilbudeTa zeda ukana arteriebi

\\\\Tavi iyofa\\\saxisa da piris nawilebad\\tvinisa da saxis nawilebad\\\qalasarqvelad da qalas fuZed\\\tvinisa da kisris nawilebad

\\\\romeli nervia Txemis midamoSi:\\yur-safeTqlis nervi\\\yuris wina nervi\\\yuris ukana nervi\\\safeTqlis zedapiruli nervi

\\\\safeTqlis midamo winidan moisazRvreba:\\\Sublis Zvlis yvrimalis morCi da yvrimalis rkali\\\yvrimalis Zvlis Sublis morCi da yvrimalis rkali\\Sublis Zvlis yvrimalis morCi da yvrimalis Zvlis Sublis morCi\\\safeTqlis zeda xazi da yvrimalis rkali

\\\\qalasarqvelis rbili safarvelidan sisxlis denas aCereben:\\\Taflis sanTlis pastiT\\\stearinis sanTlis pastiT

\\\vazelinis pastiT\\sisxlZarRvebis momWeriT

\\\\qselqveSa sivrce mdebareobs:\\\magar garssa da Zvals Soris\\\magar garssa da qselisebr garsebs Soris\\qselisebr da rbil garsebs Soris\\\rbili garsis qveS

\\\\Txemis midamos sisxliT amaragebs:\\\yuris wina da ukana arteriebi\\safeTqlis zedapiruli da yuris ukana arteriebi\\\safeTqlis gareTa da yuris gareTa arteriebi\\\Txemis da Sublis ukana arteriebi

\\\\safeTqlis midamo zevidan da uknidan moisazRvreba:\\\yvrimalis Zvlis Sublis morCiT\\\safeTqlis qveda xaziT\\\safeTqlis Sua xaziT\\safeTqlis zeda xaziT

\\\\mRvimovani sinusis zeda lateraluri kedlis sisqeSi ganlagebulia:\\\cdomili, enis, WaRzeda nervebi\\Tvalis mamoZravebeli, WaRisebri da Tvalbudis nervebi\\\Tvalis mamoZravebeli, ganmzidveli da cTomili nervebi\\\WaRisebri, WaRzeda da sacremle nervi

\\\\kronleinis sqemis mixedviT sad gaavleben Sua vertikalur xazs?\\\yvrimalis rkalis Sua wertilidan\\safeTqel-qvedaybis saxsridan\\\dvrilisebri morCis wina kididan\\\dvrilisebri morCis ukana kididan

\\\\Subl-Txem-kefis midamos kani aris:\\\Txeli, moZravi, uTmo\\\sqeli, moZravi, TmiT Semosili\\sqeli, mkvrivi, mcired moZravi, TmiT Semosili\\\Txeli da uZravi

\\\\operaciis dros perikraniumi unda daizogos, radganac:\\\igi icavs Zvals dazianebisagan\\\igi Zalze faSaria\\masSi gaivlis Zvlis mkvebavi sisxlZarRvebi\\\masSi didi raodenobiTaa nervebis daboloebani

\\\\sad gaivlis safeTqlis Rrma sisxlZarRvebi da nervebi\\\safeTqlis kunTis gareTa zedapirze\\safeTqlis kunTsa da safeTqlis Zvals Soris\\\sakuTari fasciis or furcels Soris\\\safeTqlis fasciasa da safeTqlis kunTs Soris

\\\\magari garsis wvrili ZarRvebidan sisxlis denas aCereben:\\wyalbadis zeJangis 3%-an xsnarSi dasvelebuli marlis burTuliT, agreTvesisxlZarRvis orive bolos gadaskvniT\\\marilmJavas 3%-an xsnarSi dasvelebuli marlis burTuliT\\\azotmJavas xsnarSi dasvelebuli marlis burTuliT\\\civ wyalSi dasvelebuli marlis burTuliT

\\\\kronleinis sqemis mixedviT zeda horizontaluri xazi gaivleba:\\Tvalbudis zeda kideze qveda horizontaluri xazis paralelurad\\\Tvalbudis qveda kideze horizontalurad\\\warbzeda rkalebis doneze horizontalurad\\\cxviris fuZis doneze horizontalurad

\\\\frontopetaluri qalas umetesi nawili moTavsebulia:\\\yvrimalis rkalebis SemaerTebwli xazis win\\\gareTa sasmeni xvrelebis SemaerTebeli xazis ukan\\gareTa sasmeni xvrelebis SemaerTebeli xazis win\\\yvrimalis borcvebis SemaerTebeli xazis ukan

\\\\romeli nervebia Sublis midamoSi:\\\yuris wina da ukana nervebi\\\Tvalbudis zeda da Tvalbudis qveda nervebi\\\WaRzeda da Tvalbudis qveda nervebi\\WaRzeda da Tvalbudis zeda nervebi

\\\\safeTqlis midamos pirveli SemaerTebelqsovilovani Srea:\\kanqveSa qsovili\\\aponevrozis qveS mdebare qsovili\\\Zvlisazrdelas qveS mdebare qsovili\\\yuris niJaris win mdebare qsovili

\\\\magar garssa da qalas Zvlebs Soris napralia, romelsac ewodeba:\\epiduruli sivrce\\\subduruli sivrce\\\subaraqnoiduli sivrce\\\garsTaSua sivrce

\\\\kronleinis sqemis mixedviT sagitalur xazs avleben:\\\nazionsa da bregmas Soris\\nazionsa da kefis gareTa SemaRlebas Soris\\\nikapis Sua wertilze\\\Tvalbudis zeda kidis SuaSi

\\\\rogoria qalasarqvelis sisxlZarRvovan-nervuli konebis msvleloba, racrac gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes ganakveTebis gavlebisas:\\qvevidan zeviT da radialurad\\\qvevidan zeviT da ganivad\\\zevidan qveviT da radialurad\\\winidan ukan da iribad

\\\\tvinis magari garsis venuri sinusebidan uxSiresad ziandeba:\\\mRvimovani sinusi\\\kefis sinusi\\\qveda sagitaluri sinusi\\zeda sagitaluri sinusi

\\\\rogoria Tavis SeuRweveli Wriloba?\\tvinis magari garsi dazianebuli araa\\\dazianebulia tvinis magari garsi\\\dazianebulia mogrZo tvini\\\dazianebulia naTxemi

\\\\Tavis Wrilobis pirveladi qirurgiuli damuSavebisas qalasSiga wnevismomatebis niSnebis arsebobisas lumbaluri punqciiT gamoiReben:\\\1-2ml-mde Tav-zurgis tvinis siTxes\\\5-10 ml-mde Tav-zurgis tvinis siTxes\\\15-20 ml-mde Tav-zurgis tvinis siTxes\\30-40 ml-mde Tav-zurgis tvinis siTxes

\\\\tvinis Wrilobis arxidan detritisa da wvrili ucxo sxeulebisgamoZevebas xels uwyobs:\\\tvinis Wrilobis kideebis iodiT damuSaveba da viwro fiTxiT gadaweva\\\arteriaSi sisxlis gadasxma\\Wrilobis kideebis viwro fiTxiT gadaweva da qalasSiga wnevis aweva\\\Wrilobis arxSi hipertonuli xsnaris Sesxureba

\\\\Tavis Wrilobis yrud gakervis SemTxvevaSi, ramdeni xniT SeyavT rezinissawreti zolebi:\\\10 dRiT\\\2 kviriT\\\5 dRiT\\1-2 dRiT

\\\\qalas Zval-plastikuri trepanaciis wesis dros:\\\Zvlovan firfitas amoaclian da qalsarqvelSi rCeba defeqti\\Zvlovan nafleTs operaciis Semdeg isev aTavseben Tavis adgilze dadefeqts xuraven\\\Zvlovani firfita iyofa 2 nawilad -- gareTa da SigniTa, SigniTafirfitiT daixureba defeqti\\\Zvlovan firfitas gadaabruneben da defeqts daxuraven misi gareTazedapiriT

\\\\romel wess aniWeben upiratesobas qalas Zval-plastikuri trepanaciebisdros?\\\vagner-volfis\\olivekronas\\\pirogovis\\\janeliZis

\\\\ramdeni sm-iT aris daSorebuli erTmaneTisagan satrepanacio xvrelebi?\\\1-2sm\\\2,5-3sm\\\3,5sm\\4-5sm

\\\\satrepanacio xvrelebs Soris jilis mavTulovan xerxs gaatareben:\\specialuri gamtariT\\\moxrili momWeriT\\\nemsiT da ZafiT\\\mavTulis saSualebiT

\\\\romel adgilze keTdeba qalas dekompresiuli trepanacia, rodesacdiagnozi dadgenilia:\\\yovelTvis Sublis midamoSi\\\yovelTvis Txemis midamoSi\\uSualod dazianebis keris zemoT\\\mniSvneloba ara aqvs

\\\\qalasarqvelze gamoiyofa:\\\Sublis, kefis, Tvalbudis midamoebi\\Subl-Txem-kefis, safeTqlisa da dvrilisebri morCis midamoebi\\\cxviris, piris, loyis midamoebi\\\nikapis, loyis, cxviris midamoebi

\\\\qalasarqvelis gadakveTili sisxlZarRvebis sanaTuri ar viwrovdeba,radgan:\\\sisxlZarRvTa kedlebi mtkiced aris dakavSirebuli kanTan\\\sisxlZarRvTa kedlebi mtkiced aris dakavSirebuli kunTebTan\\\sisxlZarRvTa kedlebi mtkiced aris dakavSirebuli ZvlisazrdelasTan\\sisxlZarRvTa kedlebi mtikiced aris dakavSirebuli kanqveSaSemaerTebelqsovilovan firfitebsa da xarixebTan

\\\\dvrilisebri gamosaSvebi vena erTmaneTTan akavSirebs:\\\kefis venas da zeda sagitalur sinuss\\\safeTqlis zedapirul venasa da sigmoidur sinuss\\\safeTqlis zedapirul venasa da ganiv sinuss\\kefis venasa da sigmoidur sinuss

\\\\safeTqlis zedapiruli fascia warmoadgens:\\\kisris SigniTa fasciis pariesuli furclis gagrZelebas\\\kisris SigniTa fasciis visceruli furclis gagrZelebas\\\kisris mesame fasciis gagrZelebas\\myesovani abjris gagrZelebas

\\\\safeTqlis fascia iyofa:

\\\pariesul da visceral furclebad\\\zeda da qveda furclebad\\zedapirul da Rrma furclebad\\\kompaqtur da dacxrilul firfitebad

\\\\Sua meningealuri arteria iyofa:\\\zeda da Sua totebad\\wina da ukana totebad\\\zeda da qveda totebad\\\gareTa da SigniTa totebad

\\\\didi tvinis namgali gadaWimulia:\\mamlis bibilodan kefis SigniTa SemaRlebamde\\\nazionidan kefis SigniTa SemaRlebamde\\\glabeladan kefis gareTa SemaRlebamde\\\mamlis bibilodan Turqul kexamde

\\\\wina meningeluri arteria gamoeyofa:\\\zedaybis arterias\\\sasis daswvriv arterias\\\frTisebri arxis arterias\\tvinis wina arterias

\\\\zeda sagitaluri sinusis sanaTuri:\\\oTxkuTxedis formisaa\\samkuTxa formisaa\\\rombisebri formisaa\\\qviSis saaTis formisaa

\\\\sinusTa SerTuli iqmneba:\\zeda sagitaluri, swori, kefisa da ganivi sinusebis SeerTebiT\\\qveda sagitaluri da swori sinusebis SeerTebiT\\\zeda sagitaluri da qveda sagitaluri sinusebis SeerTebiT\\\ganivi da sigmoiduri sinusebis SeerTebiT

\\\\lateraluri Rari gamoyofs:\\\Tavis tvinis hemisferoebs erTmaneTisagan\\\naTxemis hemisferoebs erTmaneTisagan\\\Sublis wils Txemis wilisagan\\safeTqlis wils Sublis wilisagan, nawilobriv agreTve Txemis wilisagan

\\\\tvinis magari garsis zeda sagitaluri sinusi kronleinis sqemismixedviT proecirdeba:

\\\zeda horizontalur xazze\\\qveda horizontalur xazze\\\wina vertikaluri xazis zeda mesamedSi\\sagitalur xazze glabellas Sua wertilidan kefis gareTa SemaRlebamde

\\\\saxis gverdiTi midamo moisazRvreba qvevidan:

\\\yvrimalis rkali da Tvalbudis zeda kide\\\yvrimalis rkali da Tvalbudis qveda kide\\qveda ybis qveda kide\\\zedaybis alveoluri morCis qveda kide

\\\\saxis gverdiTi midamo iyofa:\\\Tvalbudisa da loyis midamod\\yba-yur-saReW da loyis midamod\\\Tvalbudis qveda da yba-yur-saReW midamod\\\cxvirisa da piris midamod

\\\\qveda ybis ukana foso SemosazRvrulia, uknidan:\\dvrilisebri morCiTa da mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis dasawyisiT\\\sadgisisebri morCiT da sadgis-inis kunTis dasawyisiT\\\gareTa sasmeni xvreliT da trapeciuli kunTiT\\\SigniTa sasmeni xvreliT da platizmiT

\\\\yba-yuris jirkvali iZleva morCs:\\\inisqveSa jirkvlisaken\\\qvedaybisqveSa jirkvlisaken\\\piris karibWisaken\\xaxis gverdiTi sivrcisken

\\\\saxis nervi gamodis:\\\mrgvali xvreliT\\\ovaluri xvreliT\\\wvetiani xvreliT\\sadgis-dvrilisebri xvrelidan\\\\yba-yuris jirkvlis sadinari kanze proecirdeba:\\\yuris wina Wavlidan piris napralis kuTxemde gavlebuli xazis SuamesamedSi\\\yuris wina Wavlidan cxviris frTamde gavlebuli xazis wina mesamedSi\\yuris wina Wavlidan cxviris frTamde gavlebuli xazis Sua mesamedSi\\\yuris wina Wavlidan cxviris frTamde gavlebuli xazis ukana mesamedSi

\\\\saxis Cirqovani procesebi venebis gziT SeiZleba gavrceldes:\\\kefis midamoSi\\\Sublis midamoSi\\\wina SuasayarSi\\tvinis magari garsis venur sinusebze da tvinis garsebze

\\\\saxis Rrma midamos mravalricxvovani venebi qmnis:\\frTisebr wnuls\\\kisris Rrma venur wnuls\\\xerxemlis gareTa venur wnuls\\\farisebr kent wnuls

\\\\Subl-Txem-kefis midamos ukana sazRvaria:\\\qedis zeda da qveda xazebi\\\kefis didi xvrelis ukana kide\\kefis gareTa SemaRleba da qedis zeda xazi\\\kefis gareTa SemaRleba da gareTa sasmen xvrelze gavlebuli xazi

\\\\romeli Sreebi Sedis skalpis SemadgenlobaSi?\\kani, kanqveSa qsovili da myesovani abjari\\\kani, kanqveSa qsovili da qalasarqvelis Zvlebi\\\Sublisa da kefis kunTebi Zvlisazrdela\\\qalasarqvelis Zvlebi ZvlisazrdelasTan erTad

\\\\sad aris moTavsebuli safeTqlis midamos meore SemaerTebelqsovilovaniSre?\\safeTqlis fasciis zedapiruli da Rrma furclebs Soris\\\safeTqlis zedapirul da sakuTar fasciebs Soris\\\zedapiruli fasciis or furcels Soris\\\safeTqlis kunTsa da sakuTar fascias Soris

\\\\Tavis Wriloba SeiZleba iyos:\\SeRweuli da SeuRweveli\\\ganivi da iribi\\\vertikaluri da horizontaluri\\\didi da patara

\\\\kronleinis sqemiT sad gaavleben wina vertikalur xazs.\\yvrimalis rkalis Sua wertilidan\\\yvrimalis rkalis bolo wertilidan\\\safeTqel-qvedaybis saxsridan\\\dvrilisebri morCis ukana kididan

\\\\romeli nervebia kefis midamoSi?\\\kefis wina da ukana nervebi\\\kefis mcire da saSualo nervebi\\kefis mcire da didi nervebi\\\kefis gareTa da SigniTa nervebi

\\\\sad mdebareobs safeTqlis midamos mesame SemaerTebelqsovilovani sivrce:\\safeTqlis kunTsa da safeTqlis fascias Soris\\\safeTqlis fasciis or furcels Soris\\\safeTqlis Zvlis Zvlisazrdelas qveS\\\zedapirul da sakuTar fasciebs Soris

\\\\qalasarqvelis Zvlebidan sisxlis denas aCereben:\\\sisxlZarRvTa momWerebiT\\\reverdenis nemsiT\\Taflis sanTlis pastiT\\\vazelinis pastiT

\\\\Tavis sigrZea:\\manZili glabeladan kefis Zvlis yvelaze daSorebul wertilamde\\\manZili nazionidan bregmamde\\\manZili warbzeda rkalebs Soris\\\manZili yvrimalis rkalebs Soris

\\\\qalasarqvelis rbili qsovilebis sisxlZarRvebi da nervebi TiToeulmxareze qmnian:\\\7 konas\\\6 konas\\5 konas\\\3 konas

\\\\qalasarqvelis Zvali Sedgeba:\\\gareTa da SigniTa kompaqturi firfitebisagan, romelTa Soris mdebareobsfaSari cximovani qsovili\\gareTa da SigniTa kompaqturi firfitebisagan, romelTa Soris mdebareobsdiploe\\\gareTa da SigniTa komaqturi firfitebisagan, romelTa Soris mdebareobslimfoiduri qsovili\\\gareTa da SigniTa kompaqturi firfitebisagan, romelTa Sorisaa myesovaniabjari

\\\\zeda sagitaluri sinusi moTavsebulia:\\\didi tvinis namglis dasawyisSi\\didi tvinis namglis zeda kideSi\\\didi tvinis namglis boloSi\\\naTxemis karavSi

\\\\ra forma unda mieces Wrilobas Subl-Txem-kefis midamos rbiliqsovilebis Wrilobis pirveladi qirurgiuli damuSavebis dros:\\\sferuli an samkuTxedis\\xazovani an elifsisebri\\\rkalovani\\\naxevradrkalovani

\\\\kronleinis mixedviT sad gaavleben ukana vertikalur xazs:\\\yvrimalis rkalis Sua wertilidan\\\safeTqel-qveda ybis saxsridan\\dvrilisebri morCis ukana kididan\\\dvrilisebri morCis wina kididan

\\\\Subl-Txem-kefis midamos wina sazRvaria:\\\Tvalbudis qveda kide\\\Tvalbudis lateraluri kuTxe\\\Tvalbudis medialuri kuTxe\\Tvalbudis zeda kide

\\\\ra ganapirobebs qalasarqvelis areSi skalpirebuli WrilobisganviTarebis SesaZleblobas:\\\myesovani abjris mtkice kavSiri ZvlisazrdelasTan da susti kavSirikanTan\\myesovani abjris mtkice kavSiri kanTan da susti kavSiriZvlisazrdelasTan\\\kanqveSa qsovilSi cximovani jirkvlebis didi raodenoba\\\Tavis individualuri forma

\\\\romel jirkvalSi gaivlis safeTqlis zedapiruli arteria da yur-safeTqlis nervi:

\\\qvedaybisqveSa jirkvalSi\\\enisqveSa jirkvalSi\\yba-yuris jirkvalSi\\\nuSisebr jirkvalSi

\\\\mRvimovan sinuss winidan erTvis:\\\SigniTa saZile arteria da vena\\Tvalbudis zeda da qveda venebi\\\gareTa sauRle vena da kuTxis arteria\\\saxis vena da arteria

\\\\kronleinis sqemis mixedviT Sua meningealuri arteriis mTavari Rerogaivlis:

\\qveda horizontalur da wina vertikaluri xazebis gadakveTis wertilSi\\\wina vertikaluri da sagitaluri xazebis gadakveTis wertilSi\\\Sua vertikalur da sagitaluri xazebis gadakveTis wertilebSi\\\ukana vertikalur da sagitaluri xazebis gadakveTis wertilSi

\\\\qalasarqvelze operaciebis dros rogori ganakveTiT gamoiWreba kan-aponevrozuli nafleTi:

\\\gamodrekilobiT qvemoTken mimarTuli rkalovani ganakveTiT\\gamodrekilobiT zemoTken mimarTuli rkalovani ganakveTiT\\\horizontalurad gavlebuli ganakveTiT\\\kombinirebuli ganakveTiT

\\\\tvinis magari garsis dazianebuli sinusi ikereba:\\mcire zomis sworxazovani Wrilobis SemTxvevaSi\\\sinusis defeqtis SemTxvevaSi\\\sinusis Trombozis SemTxvevaSi\\\sinusis sanaTurSi ucxo sxeulebis arsebobisas

\\\\Tavis Wrilobis pirveladi qirurgiuli damuSavebis dros operaciis mizania:\\sisxlis denis SeCereba, ucxo sxeulebis amocla, infeqciis ganviTarebis

acileba\\\Wrilobis gakerva\\\rbili qsovilebis siRrmeSi rezinis sawreti zolebis Seyvana\\\myesovani abjris mTlianobis aRdgena

\\\\Tavis Wrilobis pirveladi qirurgiuli damuSavebisas Wrilobis kideebiamoikveTeba:

\\\farTed, misi kididan 2sm-is daSorebiT\\\farTed, misi kididan 3sm-is daSorebiT\\ekonomiurad, misi kididan 0.5-1sm-is daSorebiT\\\Wrilobis kideebs ar amokveTen

\\\\tvinis Wrilobebis damuSavebis dros rogor SeiZleba qalasSiga wnevismomateba:

\\SigniTa sauRle venebze TiTebiT zewola, avadmyofis gaWinTva da Caxveleba\\\avadmyofis gverdze gadabruneba da sunTqvis centris amgznebi saSualebebis

micema\\\kisris vago-simpaTikuri blokada\\\WaRzeda da Tvalbudis zeda nervebis blokada

\\\\ Tavis Wrilobis pirveladi qirurgiuli damuSavebis dros Wrilobis yrudgakerva ukunaCvenebia:

\\misi mniSvnelovani dabinZurebis, agreTve meoradi infeqciis niSnebisgamovlenisas

\\\Tavis SeuRweveli Wrilobis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac dazianebulia myesovaniabjari

\\\Tavis SeuRweveli Wrilobis SemTxvevaSi, romelsac axlavs yvrimalis rkalismotexiloba

\\\mogrZo tvinis dazianebis SemTxvevaSi

\\\\qalas Zval-plastiuri trepanaciis ramdeni wesia mowodebuli:\\\4\\2\\\3\\\5

\\\\kanis ganakveTidan ramdeni sm-iT SigniT kveTen Zvlisazrdelas qalas Zval-plastikuri trepanaciis dros:

\\\5sm\\\4sm\\\2sm\\0,5-1sm

\\\\qalas trepanaciis dros romeli freziT iwyeben Zvlis gaburRvas?\\\burTula freziT\\\konusisebri freziT\\\rombisebri freziT\\Subisebri wveriani freziT

\\\\qalas trepanaciis dros Zvlis gasakveTad jilis mavTulovani xerxis gardaSeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas:

\\\raspatori\\dalgrenis anda borxardtis maSebi\\\lueris kvnetara maSa\\\listonis kvnetara maSa

\\\\romel midamoSi gakeTdeba qalas dekompresiuli trepanacia TupaTologiuri keris lokalizacia ucnobia?

\\\Sublis midamoSi\\\Txemis midamoSi\\\marcxena safeTqlis midamoSi\\marjvena safeTqlis midamoSi

\\\\Subl-Txem-kefis midamos Zvlovani safuZvelia:

\\Sublisa da kefis qicvebi da Txemis Zvlis nawili\\\Sublis Zvlis ukana mesamedi, Txemisa da kefis Zvlebis nawilebi\\\Tvalbudis Zvlovani kideebi da safeTqlis Zvlis zeda naxevari\\\Txemis Zvali mTlianad da safeTqlis Zvlis zeda nawili

\\\\Subl-Txem-kefis midamos Sreebia:\\kani, kanqveSa qsovili, myesovani abjari, faSari SemaerTebelqsovilovani

Canafeni, Zvlisazrdela, faSari SemaerTebelqsovilovani Canafeni, Zvali\\\kani, kanqveSa qsovili, myesovani abjari, Zvlisazrdela, Zvali\\\kani, kanqveSaA qsovili, kanqveSa fascia, sakuTari fascia, Zvlisazrdela,

Zvali\\\kani, kanqveSa qsovili, kunTovani qsovili, Zvlisazrdela, Zvali

\\\\Txemis gamosaSvebi vena gaivlis:\\\wvetian xvrelSi\\\sauRle xvrelSi\\\dacxrilul firfitaSi\\Txemis xvrelSi

\\\\safeTqlis zedapiruli arteria gamoeyofa:\\\saxis arterias\\\zedaybis arterias\\\kbilbudeTa zeda ukana arterias\\gareTa saZile arterias

\\\\safeTqlis forakis Semqmneli Zvlebis SigniTa zedapirze gaivlis:\\\zedaybis arteria\\\yur-safeTqlis nervi\\\wina meningealuri arteria\\Sua meningealuri arteria

\\\\Tavis tvini dafarulia:\\\serozuli, lorwovani da lorwqveSa garsebiT\\\serozuli, badisebri da mkvrivi garsebiT\\magari, qselisebri da rbili garsebiT\\\uSualod ZvlebiT

\\\\Tavis tvinis romel nawilebs Soris mdebareobs naTxemis karavi:\\\Sublisa da Txemis wilebs Soris\\kefis wilsa da naTxems Soris\\\Txemis wilsa da kefis wils Soris\\\Sublis da safeTqlis wilebs Soris

\\\\ukana meningeluri arteria gamoeyofa:\\\zeda ybis arterias\\\sasis daswvriv arterias\\xaxis aswvriv arterias\\\tvinis Sua arterias

\\\\zeda sagitaluri sinusis diametri:

\\\mTel sigrZeze Tanabaria\\\winisaken TandaTan matulobs\\uknisaken TandaTan matulobs\\\Sua mesamedSi mkveTrad ganieria

\\\\sad mdebareobs sinusTa SerTuli:\\\kefis gareTa SemaRlebasTan\\kefis SigniTa SemaRlebasTan\\\Turqul kexTan\\\mamlis bibilosTan

\\\\Tavis tvini sisxliT maragdeba:\\SigniTa saZile da xerxemlis arteriebiT\\\gareTa da SigniTa saZile arteriebiT\\\gareTa saZile da xerxemlis arteriebiT\\\kefis ukana da tvinis wina arteriebiT

\\\\kronleinis sqemis mixedviT Sua meningealuri arteriis wina totigaivlis:\\\wina vertikaluri da sagitaluri xazebis gadakveTis wertilSi\\\Sua vertikaluri da sagitaluri xazebis gadakveTis wertilSi\\\ukana vertikaluri da zeda horizontaluri xazebis gadakveTis wertilSi\\zeda horizontaluri da wina vertikaluri xazebis gadakveTis wertilSi

\\\\saxis gverdiTi midamo moisazRvreba winidan:\\\cxviris zurgiT\\\glabelas Sua wertilidan daSvebuli vertikaluri xaziT\\\cxviris Zgidis fuZeze gavlebuli vertikaluri xaziT\\cxvir-tuCis naoWiT da piris napralis kuTxiT

\\\\yba-yuris jirkvali mdebareobs:\\\inisqveda midamoSi\\\iniszeda midamoSi\\qvedaybis ukana fosoSi\\\qvedaybisqveSa samkuTxedSi

\\\\qveda ybis ukana foso SemosazRvrulia, qvevidan:\\ormucela kunTis ukana mucliT\\\inis ZvliT\\\ena-inis kunTiT\\\trapeciuli kunTiT

\\\\Cirqovani parotitis dros procesi SeiZleba gavrceldes:\\gareTa sasmeni xvrelis irgvliv mdebare SemaerTebel qsovilSi da xaxisgverdiT sivrceSi\\\qvedaybisqveSa samkuTxedis farglebSi\\\medialur da lateralur frTisebr kunTebs Soris arsebulSemaerTebelqsovilovan SualedSi\\\safeTqlis kunTsa da lateralur frTisebr kunTs Soris arsebulSemaerTebelqsovilovan SualedSi

\\\\saxis nervs gamoeyofa Semdegi totebi:

\\\safeTqlis, Sublis, Tvalbudis, cxviris, yuris\\\safeTqlis, yur-safeTqlis, kefis, saReWi, loyis\\\yur-safeTqlis, Sublis, loyis, tuCebis, kisris\\safeTqlis, yvrimalis, loyis, qveda ybis sanapiro, kisris

\\\\loyis midamoSi mimikuri kunTebis qveS mdebareobs:\\\saReWi kunTi\\\SigniTa frTisebri kunTi\\\gareTa frTisebri kunTi\\loyis kunTi

\\\\ramden SemaerTebelqsovilovan Sualeds arCeven saxis Rrma midamoSi:\\\erTs\\ors\\\sams\\\oTxs

\\\\saxis Wrilobis pirveladi qirurgiuli damuSavebis dros kans keraven:\\\mWreli nemsiTa da abreSumis msxvili ZafiT\\\mWreli nemsiTa da ketgutis ZafiT\\\mWreli nemsiTa da wvrili abreSumis ZafiT\\mrgvali nemsiT da wvrili kapronis ZafiT

\\\\Subl-Txem-kefis midamos kani didi raodenobiT Seicavs:\\\sanerwyve da oflis jirkvlebs\\\sanerwyve jirkvlebs\\cximisa da oflis jirkvlebs\\\serozul da cximis jirkvlebs

\\\\rogoria myesovani abjris qveS ganviTarebuli sisxlCaqcevis andaCirqovani keris gavrcelebis farglebi:\\\SemosazRvrulia\\vrceldeba TiTqmis mTel Subl-Txem-kefis midamoSi\\\vrceldeba erTi Zvlis farglebSi\\\vrceldeba mxolod gverdebze

\\\\sad mdebareobs satrepanacio anu Sipos samkuTxedi\\\dvrilisebri morCis wina kedelze\\\dvrilisebri morCis ukana kedelze\\\dvrilisebri morCis medialur zedapirze\\dvrilisebri morCis lateralur zedapirze

\\\\tvinis Wrilobis damuSavebisas dasaSvebia Tu ara misi kideebis

amokveTa?\\\dasaSvebia kideebidan 0.7mm-is daSorebiT\\\dasaSvebia kideebidan 0.8mm-is daSorebiT\\\dasaSvebia kideebidan 1.0sm-is daSorebiT\\dauSvebelia

\\\\Subl-Txem-kefis midamo gverdidan moisazRvreba:\\\safeTqlis qveda xaziT\\\safeTqlis Sua xaziT\\safeTqlis zeda xaziT\\\yvrimalis rkaliT

\\\\qalasarqvelis mesame SemaerTebelqsovilovani Sre mdebareobs:\\perikraniumis qveS\\\myesovani abjris qveS\\\kanqveS\\\qalasarqvelis Zvalsa da magar garss Soris

\\\\saidan agroveben sisxls tvinis magari garsis venuri sinusebi?\\\saxidan da cxviris Rrudan\\tvinidan da qalas Zvlebidan\\\saxis rbili qsovilebidan\\\qalasarqvelis rbili qsovilebidan

\\\\Tavis Wriloba SeRweulia, roca:\\rbil safarvelTan da Zvlis dazianebasTan erTad gaxsnilia magari garsic\\\dazianebulia mxolod rbili qsovilebi\\\dazianebulia rbili qsovilebi da Zvalic\\\rbili qsovilebidan gakveTilia myesovani abjari

\\\\rogoria braqicefaluri Tavis qalas maCenebeli:\\\95 da meti\\\90 da meti\\\91 da meti\\81 da meti

\\\\kefis midamos sisxliT amaragebs:\\\safeTqlis zedapiruli da yuris ukana arteriebi\\\yuris ukana da safeTqlis ukana arteriebi\\\kefis ukana da Sua arteriebi\\kefisa da yuris ukana arteriebi

\\\\romeli sisxlZarRvebi da nervi gaivlis yuris niJaris win kanqveSaqsovilSi:\\safeTqlis zedapiruli arteria, vena da yur-safeTqlis nervi\\\safeTqlis zedapiruli arteria, vena da qvedaybis nervi\\\safeTqlis zedapiruli arteria, vena da yuris wina nervi\\\gareTa saZile arteria, vena da saxis nervi

\\\\sad mdebareobs mRvimovani sinusi:

\\Turquli kexis gverdebze\\\kefis SigniTa SemaRlebis irgvliv\\\kefis gareTa SemaRlebis irgvliv\\\didi tvinis namgalSi

\\\\CamoTvaleT qalas trepanaciis wesebi:\\\sruli da arasruli\\\qalasarqvelisa da qalas fuZis\\rezeqciuli da Zvalplastikuri\\\gadaudebeli da saswrafo

\\\\saxis midamoSi hematomebisa da Cirqovani procesebis SedarebiTTavisuflad gavrcelebas ganapirobebs:\\\sqeli da mkvrivi kanqveSa qsovili\\uxvi da faSari kanqveSa qsovili\\\kanqveSa firfitebis arseboba\\\mimikuri kunTebi

\\\\Subl-Txem-kefis midamos kani mcired moZravia, radganac:\\mtkiced aris dakavSirebuli kanqveSa qsovilTan da myesovan abjarTanxarixebiT\\\Sezrdilia Sublis kunTTan\\\Sezrdilia kefis kunTTan\\\mtkiced aris dakavSirebuli ZvalTan

\\\\rogoria qalasarqvelis kanqveSa qsovilSi ganviTarebuli sisxlCaqcevisan Cirqovani keris gavrcelebis farglebi:\\Cveulebriv SemosazRvrulia\\\gavrcelebulia mTels qalasarqvelze\\\gavrcelebulia erTi Zvlis farglebSi\\\Cveulebriv vrceldeba Tvalbudis midamoSi

\\\\rogor moisazRvreba dvrilisebri midamo winidan da uknidan:\\dvrilisebri morCis Sesabamisi kideebiT\\\yvrimalis morCiT da qedis zeda xaziT\\\kefis gareTa SemaRlebiT da qedis qveda xaziT\\\gareTa sasmeni xvrelis kideebiT

\\\\CamoTvaleT magari garsis venuri sinusebidan sisxlis denis SeCerebiswesebi:\\sinusis gakerva, tamponada, gadaskvna\\\sinusis amokveTa dasawyisSi da tamponada\\\sinusis amokveTa Sua nawilSi da Semdeg gadaskvna\\\sinusis gakveTa mTel sigrZeze da tamponada

\\\\Tavze operaciebis dros saerTo qirurgiul xelsawyoebTan erTadsaWiroa specialuri daniSnulebis xelsawyoebi. miuTiTeT es xelsawyoebi:

\\\saamputacio danebi, blagvi kavebi, skalpelebi, xerxebi\\\koxeris, peanis, bilroTis momWerebi\\xelis trepani frezebiT, mavTulisebri xerxebi gamtarebTan erTad,neiroqirurgiuli makratlebi, klifsebi\\\specialuri daniSnulebis xelsawyoebi saWiro ar aris

\\\\qalasarqvelze operaciebis dros gamoWrili kan-aponevrozuli nafleTisfuZe miqceulia:\\\win\\\ukan\\\zeviT\\qveviT

\\\\Tavis tvinis magari garsis venuri sinusis defeqti SeiZleba daixuros:\\\Taflis sanTlis pastiT\\\Sublis midamodan aRebuli kanis avtotransplantatiT\\magari garsis gareTa furclidan gamoWrili fexiani nafleTiT\\\fibrinis apkiT

\\\\rogor unda gaiparsos Tmebi Tavis Wrilobis pirveladi qirurgiulidamuSavebis dros?\\\periferiidan Wrilobisaken\\Wrilobidan periferiisaken\\\gaparsva aucilebeli ar aris\\\gaparsaven 1sm farglebSi

\\\\ra ganapirobebs Wrilobis kideebis ekonomiurad amokveTis aucileblobasTavis Wrilobis pirveladi qirurgiuli damuSavebis dros?\\kanisa da myesovani abjris mcire elastiuroba\\\kanqveSa qsovilSi sisxlZarRvebis uxvi qselis arseboba\\\sisxlZarRvebs Soris anastomozebis arseboba\\\kanis Tmovani safarvelis dazogvis aucilebloba

\\\\tvinis Wrilobis penicilis xsnariT gamorecxva dauSvebelia, radganacman SeiZleba gamoiwvios:\\\gulis gaCereba\\\avadmyofis agzneba\\\metyvelebis moSla\\epilefsiuri gulyra

\\\\qalas trepanacia warmoadgens:\\\Tavis rbil qsovilebTan operaciul midgomas\\Tavis tvinTan da mis garsebTan operaciul midgomas maTze operaciuliCarevis mizniT\\\qalasarqvelis sisxlZarRvovan-nervul konebTan operaciul midgomas\\\qalasarqvelis skalpirebuli Wrilobis qirurgiul damuSavebas

\\\\rogor keTdeba qalas Zval-plastiuri trepanacia olivekronas wesiT?\\kan-aponevrozisa da Zval-Zvlisazrdelas nafleTebis cal-calke gamoWriT\\\kan-aponevrozisa da Zvlis Semcveli erTiani nafleTis SeqmniT

\\\kan-aponevrozis nafleTi gamoiWreba calke, Zvlovan firfitas amoaclianda Wrilobas daxuraven mxolod kan-aponevrozis nafleTiT\\\nafleTi ar gamoiWreba, rbili qsovilebi ikveTeba gaswvrivad, xolo Zvaliamoixerxeba irgvliv mTlianad

\\\\qalas Zval-plastikuri trepanaciis dros ramdeni sm-is farglebSiaaSreveben Zvlisazrdelas Zvlidan:\\1sm\\\2sm\\\2,5sm\\\3sm

\\\\qalas trepanaciis dros wiTeli feris fxvnilis gamoCena miuTiTebs:\\iburReba diploe\\\iburReba Zvlis gareTa firfita\\\iburReba Zvlis SigniTa firfita\\\iburReba qalas fuZe

\\\\rogori operaciaa qalas dekompresiuli trepanacia?\\\radikaluri\\paliatiuri\\\diagnostikuri\\\ormomentiani

\\\\saxeze operaciebis dros kanis ganakveTebis mimarTuleba undaemTxveodes:\\kanis bunebrivi naoWebis mimarTulebas\\\saReWi kunTis kideebis mimarTulebas\\\yvrimalis rkalis mimarTulebas\\\saxis arteriis proeqcias

\\\\Subl-Txem-kefis midamos kanqveSa qsovilSi didi raodenobiTaa:\\\lorwovani jirkvlebi\\\serozuli, cximis, oflis jirkvlvebi\\mkvrivboWkovani xarixebi da konebi\\\myesovani simebi

\\\\ra gaivlis diploes arxebSi:\\\venuri sinusebi\\diploes venebi\\\venulebi da arteriolebi\\\arteriul-venuri Suntebi

\\\\Txemis gamosaSvebi vena erTmaneTTan akavSirebs:\\safeTqlis zedapirul venasa da zeda sagitalur sinuss\\\yuris ukana venas da zeda sagitalur sinuss\\\safeTqlis zedapirul venas da qveda sagitalur sinuss\\\yuris ukana venas da qveda sagitalur sinuss

\\\\yuris niJaris ukan, kanqveSa qsovilSi, gaivlis:\\yuris ukana arteria\\\yuris gareTa arteria\\\yuris wina arteria\\\yuris SigniTa arteria

\\\\Sua meningealuri arteria gamoeyofa:\\\xerxemlis arterias\\\laviwqveSa arterias\\\saxis arterias\\zeda ybis arterias

\\\\rogoria kavSiri magar garssa da Zvlebs Soris qalasarqvelis areSi daqalas fuZeze:\\\orive adgilze sustia\\\orive adgilze mtkicea\\\qalasarqvelze mtkicea, qalas fuZeze – susti\\qalasarqvelze sustia, qalas fuZeze – mtkice

\\\\naTxemis hemisferoebs Soris mdebareobs:\\naTxemis namgali\\\didi tvinis namgali\\\kexis SuasaZgidi\\\naTxemis karavi

\\\\magar garss anervebs:\\\saxis da ena-xaxis nervebi\\samwvera da cTomili nervebi\\\damatebiTi da ganmzidveli nervebi\\\WaRisebri da Tvalis mamoZravebeli nervebi

\\\\qveda sagitaluri sinusi ukana boloTi uerTdeba:\\\zeda sagitalur sinuss\\\ganiv sinuss\\\sigmoidur sinuss\\swor sinuss

\\\\subduruli sivrce mdebareobs:\\\magar garssa da qalas Zvlebs Soris\\\safeTqlisa da Sublis Zvlebs Soris\\magar garssa da qselisebr garss Soris\\\kefis Zvalsa da magar garss Soris

\\\\Tavis tvinis venebSi arCeven:\\\pariesul da visceral venebs\\zedapirul da Rrma venebs\\\gareTa da SigniTa venebs\\\zeda da qveda sarTulis venebs

\\\\kronleinis sqemis mixedviT Sua meningealuri arteriis ukana totigaivlis:\\zeda horizontaluri da ukana vertikaluri xazebis gadakveTis wertilSi\\\wina vertikaluri da sagitaluri xazebis gadakveTis wertilSi\\\Sua vertikaluri da sagitaluri xazebis gadakveTis wertilSi\\\ukana vertikaluri da qveda horizontaluri xazebis gadakveTis wertilSi

\\\\saxis gverdiTi midamo moisazRvreba uknidan:\\\qveda ybis totiT\\\saReWi kunTis ukana kidiT\\\mkerd-laviw-dvrilisebri kunTis dasawyisiT\\gareTa sasmeni xvreliT da dvrilisebri morCis wina kidiT

\\\\qvedaybis ukana foso SemosazRvrulia, winidan:\\\qvedaybis totis wina kidiT da lateraluri frTisebri kunTiT\\\qvedaybis totis wina kidiT da medialuri frTisebri kunTiT\\\qvedaybis totis ukana kidiT, lateraluri frTisebri kunTiT da saReWikunTiT\\saReWi kunTiT, qvedaybis totis ukana kidiT da medialuri frTisebrikunTiT

\\\\yba-yuris jirkvlisTvis kafsuls qmnis:\\\kanqveSa fascia\\\visceruli fascia\\yba-yuris fascia\\\piris karibWis lorwovani garsi

\\\\yba-yuris jirkvlis sisqeSi gaivlis:\\\SigniTa sauRle vena, cTomili nervi, damatebiTi nervi\\gareTa saZile arteria, qvedaybis ukana vena, saxisa da yur-safeTqlisnervebi\\\gareTa saZile arteria, cTomili nervi da saxis nervi\\\SigniTa saZile arteria, qvedaybis ukana vena, saxis nervi

\\\\yur-safeTqlis nervi gamoeyofa:\\qveda ybis nervs\\\zeda ybis nervs\\\saxis nervs\\\Tvalbudis qveda nervs

\\\\loyis kunTis gareTa zedapirze gaivlis:\\\zedaybis arteria, vena, nervi\\\saReWi arteria, vena da nervi\\\safeTqlis Rrma arteriebi da venebi\\loyis arteria, vena da nervi

\\\\romeli arteria Sedis saxis Rrma midamoSi:\\\xaxis aswvrivi arteria

\\\enis arteria\\zeda ybis arteria\\\xerxemlis arteria

\\\\saxis Wrilobis pirveladi qirurgiuli damuSavebis dros kanis gakervisasnemss uCxvleten Wrilobis kididan:\\\2 sm daSorebiT\\\5-7 mm daSorebiT\\\3-4 mm daSorebiT\\1-1,5 mm daSorebiT

\\\\ rogori SeiZleba iyos qirurgiuli operacia:\\\ mxolod sisxliani\\\ mxolod usisxlo\\ sisxliani da usisxlo\\\ mxolod radikaluri

\\\\ ras niSnavs termini stomia:\\ xvrelmilis an SerTulis Seqmnas\\\ organos amokveTas\\\ organosTan midgomas\\\ organos gakervas

\\\\ rogor iqmneba calkeuli operaciis saxelwodeba:\\ organos saxelwodebis SeerTebiT qirurgiuli Carevis saxelwodebasTan\\\ organos saxelwodebis SeerTebiT saoperacio aris dasaxelebasTan\\\ midamos dasaxelebis SeerTebiT qirurgiuli Carevis saxelwodebasTan\\\ qirurgiuli Carevis saxelwodebis aRniSvniT

\\\\ adgilobrivi anesTeziis dros saanesTezio nivTiereba moqmedebs:\\\ mxolod nervebze\\\ mxolod nervebis daboloebebze\\ nervebsa da maT daboloebebze erTad\\\ Tavis tvinis qerqze

\\\\ CamoTvaleT qsovilTa gasakveTi xelsawyoebi:\\ danebi, makratlebi, xerxebi\\\ danebi,satexebi da pincetebi\\\ xerxebi, pincetebi da makratlebi

\\\ makratlebi, xerxebi da sisxlZarRvis momWerebi

\\\\ CamoTvaleT pincetebis saxeebi:\\ anatomiuri, qirurgiuli, TaTisebri\\\ qirurgiuli, ginekologiuri, urologiuri\\\ TaTisebri, kavisebri, furclovani\\\ koxeris,kuperis, rixteris

\\\\ rogor kveTen rbil qsovilebs:\\ Sreobrivad\\\ gaswvrivad\\\ ganivad\\\ iribad

\\\\ romeli sisxlZarRvebidan sisxlis denisas SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnessisxlZarRvis mogrexva sisxldenis SeCerebis mizniT:\\\ msxvili kalibris arteriebidan\\\ msxvili kalibris venebidan\\\ saSualo kalibris arteriebidan\\ wvrili sisxlZarRvebidan (upiratesad venebidan)

\\\\ sisxlZarRvis gadaskvnis Semdeg ra garTulebaa mosalodneliligaturis saimedobis TvalsazrisiT:\\ ligaturis dacureba\\\ kunTis dazianeba\\\ nervuli Reros dazianeba\\\ myesis dazianeba

\\\\ rogoria nemsSi gayrili Zafis boloebis sigrZeTa Sefardeba erTmaneTTan:\\\ Zafis sigrZis 4/5 moTavsebulia nemsis erT mxareze, 1/5 _ meore mxareze\\\ Zafis sigrZis 3/5 moTavsebulia nemsis erT mxareze, 2/5 _ meore mxareze\\\ Zafis sigrZis naxevari moTavsebulia nemsis erT mxareze, naxevarimeore mxareze\\ Zafis sigrZis 1/3 moTavsebulia nemsis erT mxareze, 2/3 _ meore mxareze

\\\\ rodisaa mosaxerxebeli danis xelSi daWera sawerkalmis poziciaSi:\\ natifi manipulaciebis zustad SesrulebisaTvis\\\ amputaciis dros\\\ uxeSi qsovilebis gasakveTad\\\ zedapiruli ganakveTis gasatareblad

\\\\ rodis iyeneben uwyvet nakers:\\ kuWze da nawlavebze operaciebisas\\\ aponevrozis gasakerad\\\ kanis gasakerad\\\ kunTebis gasakerad

\\\\ ra ZiriTadi moTxovnebi unda Sesruldes Wrilobis pirveladiqirurgiuli damuSavebis dros:\\\ usicocxlo qsovilebis amokveTa da jibeebis gaxsna\\\ ucxo sxeulebis amocla

\\\ sisxlis denis SeCereba\\ yvela zemoT CamoTvlili

\\\\ CamoTvaleT kanis fexiani nafleTis gadanergvis wesebi:\\ induri, italiuri da filatovis\\\ italiuri, franguli da Cinuri\\\ filatovis, tibeturi da induri\\\ janeliZis, italiuri da Cinuri

\\\\ rogoria nafleTis sigrZisa da misi mkvebavi fexis siganisurTierTSefardeba italiuri wesiT kanis plastikis dros:\\\ nafleTis sigrZe tolia mkvebavi fexis siganisa\\\ nafleTis mkvebavi fexis sigane metia nafleTis sigrZeze\\ nafleTis sigrZe mkvebavi fexis siganes 2-jer aRemateba\\\ nafleTis sigrZe mkvebavi fexis siganes 3-jer aRemateba

\\\\ rogoria janeliZis wesiT kanis plastikis dros transplantatis sigrZe:\\ transplantatis sigrZe defeqtis sigrZis tolia\\\ transplantatis sigrZe defeqtis sigrZeze metia\\\ transplantatis sigrZe defeqtis sigrZeze naklebia\\\ transplantatis zomebs mniSvneloba ara aqvs

\\\\ kervis dros Trombis warmoqmnis acilebis mizniT rogor ukavSirebenerTmaneTs sisxlZarRvis boloebs:\\ sisxlZarRvis boloebi erTmaneTs exeba intimiT\\\ boloebi erTmaneTs exeba adventiciiT\\\ centralur da periferiul boloebs unda moSordes intima\\\ sisxlZarRvis boloebs waaclian adventicias 2 sm-is farglebSi

\\\\ ramdeni etapi gamoiyofa sisxlian operaciaSi:\\\ mxolod erTi etapi\\\ ori etapi\\ sami etapi\\\ mravali etapi (samze meti)

\\\\ ras niSnavs termini ectomia an extirpation:\\\ organos gakveTas\\\ organos gakervas\\\ organos nawilobriv amokveTas\\ organos mTlianad amokveTas

\\\\ mizandasaxulobis mixedviT arCeven Semdeg operaciebs:\\ samkurnalo da sadiagnozo\\\ ganmeorebiTi\\\ saswrafo\\\ mravalmomentiani

\\\\ regionuli anesTeziis dros sad SehyavT saanesTezio nivTierebis xsnari:\\\ uSualod nervis ReroSi operaciuli Carevis midamos distalurad\\ nervis irgvliv arsebul SemaerTebel qsovilSi operaciuli Carevismidamos proqsimalurad\\\ uSualod nervis ReroSi operaciuli Carevis adgilze

\\\ operaciuli Carevis adgilis irgvliv mderbare qsovilebSi

\\\\ ZiriTadi qirurgiuli xelsawyoebidan miuTiTeT romelia qsovilTagasakeri xelsawyoebi:\\\ nemsebi, momWerebi, miSelis brWyalebi\\ nemsdamWerebi, nemsebi, miSelis brWyalebi\\\ miSelis brWyalebi, deSanis nemsi, blelokis sisxlZaRvovani klema\\\ yvela zemoTCamoTvlili

\\\\ CamoTvaleT makratlis saxeebi:\\\ gverdze moxrili (rixteris)\\\ maxvilwveriani\\\ pirdapir moxrili (kuperis)\\ yvela zemoT CamoTvlili

\\\\ rogor unda gaikveTos fascia:\\ Rarian zondze\\\ pincetze\\\ blagv kavze\\\ korncangze

\\\\ kunTis ganivad gakveTisas mis orive bolos rogori provizoruli nakeriedeba:\\\ multanovskis\\\ uwyveti\\\ qisiseburi\\ rusuli pe-sebri

\\\\ ras ewodeba ligatura:\\\ Zafs, romliTac keraven sisxlZarRvs\\\ Zafs, romliTac keraven nervs an myess\\ Zafs, romliTac skvnian sisxlZarRvs\\\ Zafis nawils, romelic qsovilTa siRrmeSia darCenili

\\\\ msxvili sisxlZarRvis gadaskvnisas ligaturis dacurebisa da movardnisacilebis mizniT ramden ligaturas iyeneben da rogor aris dadebuli isinisisxlZarRvze:\\\ sam ligaturas: pirveli _ centraluri, meore _ SuaSi, mesame _periferiuli\\\ oTx ligaturas: ori centraluri, ori periferiuli\\\ or ligaturas: centraluri _ gamkeri ligatura, periferiuli _ asevegamkeri ligatura\\ or ligaturas: centraluri _ Cveulebrivi, periferiuli _ gamkeri

\\\\ CamoTvaleT sisxlZarRvis xeliT gakervis wesebi:\\\ karelis, janeliZis, doneckis\\ morozovas, karelis, horsleis\\\ horsleis, albertis, Smidenis\\\ multanovskis, Jiraris, farabefis

\\\\ romeli ZafiT ikereba qsovilebi, roca saWiroa sakeravi masalis Sewova:

\\\ abreSumis\\\ kapronis\\ ketgutis\\\ qalis TmiT

\\\\ uwyveti nakeris saxeebi:\\ uwyveti (Cveulebrivi), multanovskis, leibisebri\\\ kvanZovani, pes-magvari, zetisis magvari\\\ qisisebri, leibismagvari, kvanZovani\\\ multanovskis, kvanZovani, pesmagvari

\\\\ miuTiTeT skalpelis xelSi daWeris wesebi:\\\ sufris danis, xerxisebri da Subisebri\\\ sawerkalmis, xemis da isrisebri\\ sufris danis, sawerkalmis da xemis\\\ xemis, isrisebri da xerxisebri

\\\\ romeli xelsawyoTi aecleba Zvals Zvlissazrdela:\\ raspatoriT\\\ Zvlis satexiT\\\ skalpeliT\\\ saamputacio daniT

\\\\ ratom ar ikereba omis dros cecxlnasroli Wriloba pirveladiqirurgiuli damuSavebis Semdeg da ratom:\\\ Zlieri travmis gamo\\\ Sokis gamo\\ anaerobuli infeqciis safrTxis gamo\\\ kolafsis gamo

\\\\ CamoTvaleT kanis Txeli nafleTis gadanergvis wesebi:\\\ pejetisa da janeliZis\\ reverdenis da TirSis\\\ iacenkos da devisis\\\ duglasis da parinis

\\\\ vis mier aris SemoRebuli saSualo sisqis kanis mcire nafleTebisgadanergva:\\ ianoviC-Cainskis, devisis da pejetis\\\ TirSis, reverdenis da janeliZis\\\ janeliZis, parinis da duglasis\\\ muxaZis, krauzes da devisis

\\\\ ras niSnavs operaciuli midgoma:\\ qsovilebis gakveTiT Carevis obieqtis gamoCenas\\\ saoperacio areSi kanisa da kanqveSa qsovilis gakveTas\\\ daavadebuli organos gamoyofas da amokveTas\\\ avadmyofis mdebareobas saoperacio magidaze

\\\\ ras niSnavs termini resectio:\\\ organos amokveTas mTlianad\\\ organos gakveTas\\\ organos gakervas\\ organos nawilis amokveTas

\\\\ qirurgiuli Carevis vadebis mixedviT arCeven:\\ gadaudebeli, saswrafo da gegmiuri\\\ saswrafo, adreuli da nagvianevi\\\ gegmiuri, pirveladi da meoradi\\\ gadaudebeli, ganmeorebiTi da nagvianevi

\\\\ rodisaa ukunaCvenebi spinuri anesTezia:\\\ osteomielitis dros\\\ kiduris gangrenis dros\\\ pankreatitis dros\\ travmuli Sokos dros

\\\\ skalpelis xelSi daWeris wesebia:\\\ sawer kalmis, samarTeblis, sufris danis\\\ sufris danis, sawerkalmis, maxvilis\\ xemis, sawerkalmis, sufris danis\\\ xemis, Subis, sufris danis

\\\\ operaciis dros, Cveulebriv, ra mimarTulebiT kveTen qsovilebs:\\ marcxnidan marjvniv\\\ marjvnidan zemoT\\\ marjvnidan qvemoT\\\ marcxnidan iribad da zemoT

\\\\ Rarian zondze fasciis gakveTisas romel mxares aris mimarTuliskalpelis piri:\\ zemoT\\\ qvemoT\\\ gverdze\\\ kunTebisaken

\\\\ ra mizniT edeba ganivad gadakveTili kunTis bolos pesebriprovizoruli nakeri:\\ kunTis gadakveTili boloebis advilad monaxvis mizniT\\\ nazi nawiburis Camoyalibeis mizniT\\\ nervis dazogvis mizniT\\\ arteriis dazogvis mizniT

\\\\ ligaturis dadebisas rodis keTdeba pirveli Caskvna:\\ momWeris moxsnamde\\\ momWeris gaxsnisas\\\ momWeris moxsnis Semdeg\\\ momWeriT sisxlZarRvis garemomcveli qsovilebis aRebis Semdeg

\\\\ Tu dazianebul sisxlZarRvze ligaturis dadeba gaZnelebulia, anda misigamocalkeveba ar aris sasurveli, rogor xorcieldeba hemostazi::\\\ sisxlZarRvs datoveben gadaskvnis gareSe\\\ sisxlis denis keras daadeben koxeris momWers\\\ sisxlis denis keras SemouWeren marlis naxvevs\\ sisxlis denis keris irgvliv amokeraven qsovilebs da adeben qisisebrnakers

\\\\ sisxlis denis SemaCerebeli iaraRebia:\\\ koxeris, spasokukockis da CaCavas momWerebi\\ bilroTis, peanis da koxeris momWerebi\\\ peanis, sapeJkos da fifias momWerebi\\\ bilroTis, peanis da pirogovis momWerebi

\\\\ rogor aris dafiqsirebuli nemsdamWeriT nemsi:\\\ nemsdamWeris boloTi\\ nemsdamWeris SuaSi\\\ uSualod xraxnTan\\\ xraxnis maxloblad

\\\\ Wrilobis kididan ramdeni sm-is daSorebiT uCxvleten nemss kanisgakervisas:\\ 1,0 – 1,5 sm\\\ 1,5 _ 2,0 sm\\\ 2,0 _ 2,5 sm\\\ 2,5 _ 3,0 sm

\\\\ rodisaa mosaxerxebeli danis xelSi daWera xemis poziciaSi:\\\ preparaciis dros\\\ kanis gakveTisas\\\ xrtilis gakveTisas\\ Tanabari siRrmis zedapiruli ganakveTisas

\\\\ romeli nakeri gamoiyeneba kanis gasakerad:\\\ uwyveti\\ kvanZovani\\\ multanovskis\\\ qisisebri

\\\\ miuTiTeT kvanZebis saxeebi:\\\ qirurgiuli, sazRvao da sanaosno\\ ubralo (qaluri), qirurgiuli da sazRvao\\\ sazRvao, ubralo da stomatologiuri\\\ qirurgiuli, sazRvao da ginekologiuri

\\\\ CamoTvaleT kanis plastikis saxeebi:\\ adgilobrivi qsovilebiT, fexiani nafleTiT da Tavisufali plastika\\\ fexiani nafleTis gadanergva, Tavisufali da maryuJisebri\\\ Tavisufali, rkalovani daaraTavisufali\\\ adgilobrivi qsovilebiT, fexiani nafleTiT da elifsuri

\\\\ filatovis wesiT kanis plastikis SemTxvevaSi ramdeni mkvebavi fexi aqvskanis nafleTs:\\\ erTi\\ ori\\\ sami\\\ oTxi

\\\\ rogor gadaaqvT ylortisebri nafleTi Soreul midamoSi:\\ navarjiSeb fexs gadakveTen da Caakereben nebis zurgze\\\ navarjiSeb fexs gadakveTen da Caakereben fexis terfze\\\ navarjiSeb fexs gadakveTen da Caakereben muclis wina kedelze\\\ navarjiSeb fexs gadakveTen da Caakereben zurgis midamoSi

\\\\ rogoria kanis saSualo sisqis nafleTis plastikisas kanis sisqe:\\\ 0,1-0,2 mm\\\ 0,2-0,3 mm\\\ 0,3-0,4 mm\\ 0,4-0,6 mm

\\\\ ras niSnavs termini tomia:\\\ xvrelmilis Seqmnas\\ organos gakveTas\\\ organos amokveTas\\\ organos gakervas

\\\\ ras niSnavs termini amputatio:\\\ organos gakveTas\\\ organos gakervas\\\ organos mTlianad amokveTas\\ kiduris an romelime organos periferiuli nawilis mokveTa

\\\\ gautkivarebis miTiTebuli saxeebidan romeli ekuTvnis adgilobrivs:\\\ intramuskularuli narkozi da intravenuri\\\ venuri narkozi da inhalaciuri\\\ reqtaluri narkozi da inhalaciuri\\ infiltraciuli da regionaluri anesTezia

\\\\ ramden jgufad iyofa ZiriTadi qirurgiuli xelsawyoebi:\\\ 2 jgufad\\\ 3 jgufad\\ 4 jgufad\\\ 5 jgufad

\\\\ CamoTvaleT nemsdamWeris modelebi:\\ maties, hegaris da troianovis\\\ hegaris, bilroTis, maties\\\ troianovis, hegaris, CaCavas\\\ anTelavas, CaCavas, hegaris

\\\\ CamoTvlili xelsawyoebidan romeli xelsawyoTi kveTen rbil qsovilebs:

\\ skalpeli, eleqtrodana, ultrabgera, lazeris sxivi\\\ jilis xerxi, furclovani xerxi\\\ raspatori, lueris maSa, traqeostomuli mili\\\ maxvili da furclovani kavebi, koxeris zondi

\\\\ romeli nemsiT sargebloben sisxlZarRvis gasakerad:\\\ deSanis nemsiT\\\ samwaxnagiani mWreli nemsiT\\\ reverdenis nemsiT\\ atravmuli nemsiT

\\\\ parenqimul orgamoebze operaciuli Carevis dros sisxlis denisSeCerebis mizniT romeli danis gamoyenebaa mizanSewonili:\\\ maxvilwveriani skalpeli\\\ mucliani skalpeli\\\ sarezeqcio dana\\ eleqtrodana

\\\\ ligaturis dadebisas rodis keTdeba meore Caskvna:\\ momWeris moxsnis Semdeg\\\ momWeris moxsnamde\\\ momWeris wveris zemoT awevis Semdeg\\\ momWeris wveris qvemoT dawevis Semdeg

\\\\ sisxlis denis SeCerebis mizniT rodis SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebulitamponi:\\\ rodesac dazianebulia wvrili venebi\\\ rodesac dazianebulia msxvili kalibris arteriebi\\\ rodesac dazianebulia msxvili kalibris venebi\\ rodesac sisxlZarRvis gadaskvna teqnikurad ar xerxdeba

\\\\ CamoTvlilTagan miuTiTeT sisxlis denis SeCerebis biologiurisaSualebebi:\\ badeqoni, kunTi\\\ Tma da Zvlisazrdela\\\ bavSvis nerwyvi, kanis Txeli nafleTi\\\ adamianis cremli

\\\\ CamoTvaleT sisxlZarRvis xeliT gakervis wesebi:\\ karelis, morozovas, horsleis\\\ morozovas, vaxtangovis, CubiniZis\\\ horsleis, qunTelias, yifianis\\\ CubiniZis, qunTelias, yifianis

\\\\ rogori nakeriT miakereben erTmaneTs sisxlZarRvis boloebssapoJnikovis wesis SemTxvevaSi:\\ xarazuli\\\ leibisebri\\\ uwyveti amoxveuli\\\ Smidenis

\\\\ sisxlis denis SemaCerebeli iaraRebia:\\\ koxeris, spasokukockis da CaCavas\\ bilroTis, peanis da koxeris\\\ peanis, sapeJkos da fifias\\\ bilroTis, peanis da pirogovis

\\\\ kervis dros romel momWerSia dafiqsirebuli nemsi:\\ nemsdamWerSi\\\ peanis momWerSi\\\ koxeris momWerSi\\\ bilroTis momWerSi

\\\\ rodisaa mosaxerxebeli danis xelSi daWera sufris danis poziciaSi:\\\ natifi manipulaciebis zustad SesrulebisaTvis\\\ sisxlis ZarRvebis gamoyofisas\\ uxeSi qsovilebis gasakveTad\\\ zedapiruli ganakveTis gasatareblad

\\\\ Cveulebriv, romel dRes xsnian kanis nakers:\\\ operaciidan mesame dRes\\\ operaciidan meore dRes\\ operaciidan merve dRes\\\ operaciidan meTxuTmete dRes

\\\\ vis mieraa SemuSavebuli kanis fexiani nafleTis gadanergvis italiuriwesi:\\ taliakocis\\\ filatovis\\\ janeliZis\\\ limbergis

\\\\ kanis Tavisufali plastikis dros transplantatis aRebamde rogordaamuSaveben kans:\\\ kans mobanen wyliT da daamuSaveben iodiT\\\ kans mobanen wyliTa da sapniT da daamuSaveben hipertonuli xsnariT\\\ kans mobanen wyliTa da sapniT da daamuSaveben rivanolis xsnariT\\ kans mobanen wyliTa da sapniT da daamuSaveben spirtiT