gwg unit ig2 risk assessment element 9: work equipment

Element 9:

Work Equipment

Unit IG2 – Risk Assessment

© Copyright Green world Group

GWG


GWG

Learning Outcomes

9.1 Outline general requirements for work equipment

9.2 Explain the hazards and controls for hand-held tools

9.3 Describe the main mechanical and non-mechanical hazards of

machinery

9.4 Explain the main control measures for reducing risk from machinery

hazards.


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Types

• Hand tools

• Power tools

• Machinery

• Access equipment

Work Equipment


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Selection and Suitability

Work equipment should be carefully selected to ensure it is

appropriate for the:

• Task

• Environment

• Machine to meet basic safety standards, e.g. CE or ISI marked.

Work Equipment


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Prevention of Access

To dangerous parts of Machinery :

• Fixed guards

• Other guards and protective devices

• Protective appliance

• IITS

Maintenance


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Work equipment should be maintained in a safe working condition,

according to any

• legal standards that exist

• Manufacturer’s recommendationHazards

• Unintentional starting of machinery

• The release of stored energy e.g. pressure, electrical power.

• Limited access/egress

• Residues

• Mechanical hazards

• Heat or cold surfaces

• Confined spaces

• Working at height

Maintenance


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Precautions

• Isolate electrical power

• Permit to work procedures

• Locking out and tagging off of any services or

piped energy to the machine

• Dissipate heat energy by allowing machinery to

cool

• Stored power to be released or secured

• Barrication with signs

• Provide suitable and sufficient lighting and

means of access

• PPE

• Ventilation

• Trained, competent and authorised persons to

perform the work

Environmental Factors


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Equipment should be,

• Stable

• Controls appropriately marked

• Have appropriate warning signs

Lighting should be,

• Adequate

• Environmentally suitable

Space should be adequate,

• Operators to move around work

equipment safely

• Prevent others coming into dangerous

parts

End-of-Section Quiz


Flashing lights and beacons comes under which category of

controls of work equipment?

a. Administrative control

b. Awareness control

c. Presence sensing device

d. Personal protective equipment

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Unit IG2: Element 9.2

Hand-Held Tools


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Handheld Non-Power Tools


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Examples:

• Chisel

• Hammer

• Screwdriver

• Axe

Handheld Non-Power Tools


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Hazards:

• Misuse

• Handle may come loose

• Tool may be blunt requiring excessive force

• Tool may shatter during use

Control Measures:

• Conditions and fitness for use

• Safe use requirements

• Suitability for purpose and environment

Portable Power Tools


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Portable power tools create greater risk than simple hand tools because:

•The force generated by the tool are far greater

(For e.g.. A ruptured disc from a disc cutter will cut an arm off, which is not

going to happen when use of hand saw)

Power tools also presents additional hazards :-

As per the type of tool used

Electric Drill


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Hazards:

• Contact with electricity

• Entanglement: loose clothing or hair become entangled with

rotating shaft

• Injection: puncture of skin by drill bit

• Contact : contact with rotating shaft and drill bit

• Ejection: hit by flying debris or broken drill bit

Precautions:

• Pre-use check to ensure there is no damage and is fit for the task

• Ensure there are isolation measures

• Ensure drill bit is sharp

• Ensure material is clamped down securely

• PPE

End-of-Section Quiz


Which doesn’t come under the factor to consider under suitability of hand tools?

a. Non-sparking tools for flammable atmospheres

b. Safety knives with enclosed blades

c. Specially protected and insulated tools for electricians

d. Working hours

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Machinery Hazards


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Mechanical & Non-mechanical Hazards


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Mechanical hazards

Contact with or being caught up

by dangerous moving parts

• Entanglement

• Drawing in or trapping

• Shearing

• Crushing

• Cutting

• Impact

• Injection

• Stabbing or puncture

• Friction or abrasion

Mechanical & Non-mechanical Hazards


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Non-Mechanical hazards

From power source or things being

emitted by the machine• Electricity

• Dust and fumes

• Fire/explosion

• Noise and Vibration

• Hazardous chemicals being handled

• Radiation

• Access and Egress

• Obstructions and projections

• Manual handling


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Range of Machineries

End-of-Section Quiz


Which ONE of the following hazard is categorized as

‘mechanical’?a. Crushing

b. Noise

c. Electricity

d. Hazardous substance

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Control Measures for Machinery

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The Safeguarding


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• It may be possible to eliminate the risk created by a piece of

machinery by getting rid of the machine that creates the risk.

However, this is not an option in most cases.

• Guards and other protection methods must be used to control the

risks associated with machinery.

• Even when most hazards can be eliminated through good design,

other hazards will still remain.

The Safeguarding


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Guards

• Fixed Guards

• Interlock Guards

• Automatic Guards

• Adjustable/self-adjusting guards

• Trip Devices

Protective Devices

• Two-handed controls

• Hold to Run

• Protective appliances

The Safeguarding


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Fixed Guards Interlock Guards Automatic Guards Adjustable/

self-adjusting guards

Trip Devices Two-handed controls Hold to Run Protective appliances

Application of Safeguard – p258

Fixed Guard


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• A fixed guard is a physical barrier that prevents a person from

coming into contact with dangerous moving parts

• It must be designed in such a way that it is not possible to reach

in and contact dangerous parts

Interlock Guard


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Basic principle of an interlocked guard

• Power to the machine is disabled and the machine will not

operate until the guard is in place

• Either the guard is locked shut until it is safe for the guard to

open, or the act of opening the guard stops the dangerous parts

and disables power.

Push Away Guard


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• Designed to physically remove from danger any part of a person

exposed to that danger

• Physically pushing the operator away

• Suitable only for slow stroke machines like lathe, printing press

Trip Devices


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• Not a physical barrier

• Uses sensors to detect presence of operator and stop the

machine

• They include:

✓ Pressure mats

✓ Photo-electric devices

Two Hand Control


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• Two-handed controls ensure the operator is standing away from

the danger area when causing dangerous movements.

• They force the operator to use both hands to operate the

machine controls

Protection Appliances


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• Jigs

• Holders

• Push stick

• Designed to keep operators’ hands away from danger

IITS


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• The topic to be covered in training shall include

• Identification of the hazards

• Operation and working of various safeguards and devices

• Appropriate use of provided safeguards

• Authorized person to install, maintain the guards

• The selection and use of PPE

Personal Protective Equipment


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Workers must be provided with the appropriate personal protective

equipment

• Fit-for-purpose

• Suitability

• Provided at no cost to employees

• Consultation

• Training

• Storage

Photocopier


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• The internal parts of the photocopiers are fully enclosed, and the

access doors are interlocked to guarantee that the machine

comes to a stop when the doors are opened for maintenance

work or clearing paper jam

• A program schedule of portable appliance testing

• Use in a ventilated room

Bench Grinder


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• Confirm all the guards are positioned and secured properly before

using a grinder

• Wheels to be encased with fixed guard to prevent ejection of

pieces of broken wheel

• Install adjustable guard with toughened glass over wheel to

protect the operator

• Adjust tool rests as close as possible to wheels.

• Never adjust rests while wheels are moving

• A program schedule of PAT (Portable Appliance Testing) be

implemented

• Extract ventilation is fitted to the wheel encasing to remove dust

at source

• Use appropriate PPE: goggles, gloves, safety boots, etc

Pedestal Drill


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• Inspect equipment before use

• Motor and drive enclosed by fixed guard

• The spindle must have an adjustable guard

• Work-piece must be clamped securely in vice and / or to table

use cutting fluids where possible to reduce friction and cutting

forces.

• The guard should be interlocked by the suitable power to avoid

the inadvertent starting of the machine when the guard is open.

• Drill bit to be securely clamped in the chuck

• A program schedule of PAT

• Goggles, gloves and safety boots to be worn by operator

Bench Mounted Circular Saw


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• Motor and drives to be fitted with fixed guard

• Saw blade to be mounted with adjustable guard

• Machinery should, wherever possible, be equipped with

mechanical feeding devices.

• Push sticks are an additional device used to keep hands away

from the blade.

• Emergency stop button accessible by operator

• Appropriate PPE such as ear protection, goggles, safety boots to

be worn by operator

Chainsaw


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• Engine part of the chain saw to be encased by fixed guard

• Electrical cables to be double insulated

• Ear protection, goggles, safety boots and long pants to be worn

by operator

• Use restricted to trained operators only

Basic Characteristics of a Guard


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• Suitable for the purpose

• Of good design and built, sound material and adequate strength

• Maintained in an effective state and working order and in good

repair

• Not create any increased risk to health or safety

• Not be quickly bypassed or disabled

• Be situated at sufficient distance from the risk zone

• Not block the view of the operating cycle of the machinery

• Compatible

• Allows maintenance without removal

End-of-Section Quiz


Push sticks are an additional device used to keep hands away

from the blade.

a. True

b. False

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End-of-Element Quiz


1. Before buying new equipment the buyer will need to think about ____

a. What it will be used for

b. Who will use it

c. Where and how it will be used

d. All the above

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2. The major requirement of a guard is

a. To block ventilation

b. Should be easy to remove

c. To withstand the force from ejected particles

d. To increase the risk to workers

End-of-Element Quiz


3. A fixed guard has moving parts to prevent access to the dangerous parts of

the machinery.

a. True

b. FalseGWG

4. Which ONE of the following doesn’t come under the category ‘hand tools’?a. Screwdriver

b. Hammer

c. Plier

d. Photocopier

5. When a moving part directly strikes a person, such as with the accidental

movement of a robot’s working arm when maintenance is taking place is ___ hazard.

a. Impact

b. Stabbing

c. Cutting

d. Crushing


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gwg unit ig2 risk assessment element 9: work equipment

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