ig2 unit 14

8/2/2019 IG2 UNIT 14

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RELATIVE CLAUSES

8/2/2019 IG2 UNIT 14


1. Combining sentences

Note how sentences are combined.

Subject :

³This is Sofia. She bought my car´

³Sofia is the person who bought my car´

Object :

³That is the flat. I was looking for it´

³That is the flat that I was looking for´

2. Subject and Object

Relative clauses give extra information about a noun

in the main clause. They can refer to this as subject orobject.

³That¶s the woman who bought my car´

³That¶s the flat that I was looking for´

RELATIVE CLAUSES

Subject

Object

Subject

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RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. Defining Clauses

Defining clauses tell us which person or thing, or which

kind of person or thing, is meant.

³The girl that I ran into yesterday was my ex-student´

2. Non-Defining Clauses

Non-defining clauses add extra information,

separated by commas in writing, and intonation

in speaking.³ Tom¶s mother, who is 78, goes swimming

every day.´

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RELATIVE CLAUSES

Omitting the relative pronoun

1. Object Clauses

The relative pronoun can be left out in object clauses in

both speaking and writing if they are defining.

³ Thatµs the flat I was looking for´

2. Non-Defining Clauses

The relative pronoun cannot be left out in a

non-defining clause.

³ I poured him a glass of wine, which he drank

at once´

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RELATIVE CLAUSESWhich, Who and That

1. That instead of whichThat is often used instead of which in speech.

³ Is this the house that you bought?´

2. That instead of whoThat can also refer to people in everyday speech.

³ Have you met the boy that Sue is going to marry?́

3. Which in non-defining clauses

That cannot be used to introduce a non-defining clause.

³ The hotel, which was a hundred years old, was very

comfortable´

4. PrepositionsThat cannot be used after a preposition.

³ She¶s the girlfriend. + I live with her. ´ =

³She¶s the girlfriend whom I live with.´

³She¶s the girlfriend who I live with.´

³She¶s the girlfriend that I live with.´

³She¶s the girlfriend I live with.´

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RELATIVE CLAUSES

He¶s the teacher who I learn with. (everyday speech)

He¶s the teacher with whom I learn.

He¶s the teacher with that I learn.

That¶s the house which we lived in.

That¶s the house in which we lived.

That¶s the house in that we lived.

Note: (we only use whom

or which, but never use

that)

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RELATIVE CLAUSES

Whose and Whom

1. Whose means of whom and usually refers to people.

³ This is Jack. His sister is staying with us.´

³ This is Jack whose sister is staying withus.´

2. Whom is the object for of who, and has to

be used after prepositions.

³ This is the person I sold my car to´

(everyday speech)

³ This is the person to whom I sold my car.´

(formal)

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RELATIVE CLAUSES

When

Refers to a time

It cannot be a subject.

It can be omitted

I will never forget the day

when I graduated.

I will never forget the daythat I graduated.

I will never forget the dayI graduated.

Where (place)

It cannot be a

subject. It can be omitted but

a preposition (at, in,to) is usually added.

The house where he

stays is old .

The house which hestays in is old.

The house he stays in isold.

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RELATIVE CLAUSESExercises (I)

1. Choose the most suitable word in each sentence.

a) My friend Jack, that/who/whoseparents live in Glasgow,

invited me to spend Christmas in Scotland.

b) Here¶s the computer program which/whom/whose I told

you about.

c) I don¶t believe the story who/which/whomshe told us.

d) Peter comes from Witney, that/who/whichis near

Oxford.

e) This is the gum with that/whom/which the murder

was commited.

f) Have you received the parcel who/whom/which

we sent you?

g) Is this the person who/which/whoseyou asked me about?

h) That¶s the girl that/who/whose brother sits next to me at

school.

i) The meal, that/which/whose wasn¶t very tasty, was quite

expensive.

j) We didn¶t enjoy the play who/which/whose we went to see.

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RELATIVE CLAUSES

Exercises (II)1. Put a suitable relative pronoun in each space, or leave the

space blank wherever possible.

a) The person ..... fingerprints are on the gun was the person ......

killed Dr.

Martin.

b) My bike, .....I have left at the gate, has disappeared.

c) The shoes .... I finally bought were the ones .... I tried on first.

d) The bag in .... the robbers put the money was found outside the

bank.

e) The medicine ..... the doctor gave me had no effect at all.

f) Peter, ..... couldn¶t see the screen, decided to change his seat.g) The present .... you gave me was the one .... I gave you last year!.

h) I really liked the tea ..... you made me this morning.

i) What was the name of your friend .... tent we borrowed?.

j) He is the person .... I wrote to.

ig2 unit 14

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