hazard & risk concept

7/23/2019 Hazard & Risk Concept

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Hazard and Risk Tim Pengajar Dasar Safety

(FL, DE, YK; 2011)



Outline

Basic cnce!t

Definitin

Ty!es "ntr#



$r%

!rcess

&ateria#

'nii*a#

+aar 'ncient-.ccient

/*tcme

"nse*ences

Basic "nce!t

is%

$r% enirnment



Definition

Hazard: source of potential harm or a situation

with a potential for harm

Risk: Combination of the probability and the

consequence of a specified hazardous event



Definition Hazards

Hazards

anyt3ing (inc#*ing 4r% !ractices r !rce*res) t3at3as !tentia# t 3arm t3e 3ea#t3 r safety f a !ersn5($r%cer, .*stra#ia)

a s*rce r a sit*atin 4it3 a !tentia# fr 3arm in termsf 3*man inj*ry r i##63ea#t3, amage t !r!erty,amage t t3e enirnment, r a cm7inatin ft3ese5 (.S 8901)



Definition

hazard re!resents a s*rce f energy 4it3 t3e

potential f ca*sing immeiate inj*ry t !ersnne#

an amage t e*i!ment, enirnment r

str*ct*re

(:im#ng an Trim!!, 'L/ encyc#!eia )



+aar (7a3aya) aa#a3 sifat6sifat intrinsic ari

s*at* at ata* !rses yang a!at menye7a7%an

%er*sa%an ata* mem7a3aya%an

+a# ini termas*% 7a3an %imia (t%sisitas,

%rsifitas), fisi% (aya #ea%, #istri%, a!at

ter7a%ar), 7i#gis (a!at menginfe%si), an #ain6

#ain Definisi ari 3aar (7a3aya)mengini%asi%an aanya s*at* ancaman, an

hazard 7isa 3air tan!a risi%

Definisi



<P3ysica#

<"3emica#s<Bi#gica#<&ec3anica#-e#ectrica#<Psyc3#gica#

<Ergnmics

Hazard Types



<Ke7isingan

<raiasi (!engin, e#e%trmagneti% ata* 7*%an !engin)<+eat stress<"# stress<=i7ratin (getaran)

<Press*re (te%anan)

Physical hazards (bahaya fisik)



Chemical Hazard

Safety hazard : ammable, explosive,corrosive, reactive.

Health hazard : acute & chronic toxicity,irritant, local eects, mutagen, teratogen,carcinogen.



<Ba3aya 7i#gi termas*% ir*s, 7a%teri, jam*r an

rganisme #ainnya

<Be7era!a 7a3aya 7i#gi se!erti .'DS ata* +e!atitis Bsecara !tensia# a!at mengancam %e3i*!an

Biological hazards (bahaya biologi)



<7a3aya ini 7erasa# ari esain %erja, #ay*t ma*!*n

a%tiitas yang 7*r*%<cnt3 ari !ermasa#a3an ergnmi me#i!*ti

man*a# 3an#ing, #ay *t tem!at %erja an esain

!e%erjaan

Ergonomic hazards (bahaya ergonomi)



<stres, %e%erasan i tem!at %erja, jam %erja yang!anjang, %*rangnya %ntr# a#am mengam7i# %e!*t*san

tentang !e%erjaan sem*anya a!at 7er%ntri7*si

ter3aa! !erfrma %erja yang 7*r*%

Psychological hazards (bahaya sikososial)



<Sifat6sifat intrinsic ari 7a3aya<Sifat a#amia3 ari !era#atan ata* 4*j* materia# (se!erti

*a!, mist, cair, e7*)<+*7*ngan !ajanan6efe% (e>!s*re6effect re#atins3i!)< .#iran-ja#*r 7a3aya ari !rses %e inii*<Knisi an fre%*ensi !engg*naannya< .s!e% !eri#a%* !e%erja yang mem!engar*3i !ajanan

7a3aya<&e%anisme a%sinya

!omonen yang terkandung dalam bahaya



aa#a3 #i%e#i3 (%em*ng%inan) 7a34a 7a3aya an ceera

%arena s*at* 3aar a%an terjai !aa inii* tertent*

ata* %e#m!% inii* yang ter!ajan 7a3aya ?%*ran ari

risi% tergant*ng !aa se7era!a m*ng%in (34 #i%e#y)

3aar terse7*t mem7a3aya%an an 7esarannya

(magnit*e)

Risiko (risk)



aa#a3 (t3e !r7a7i#ity f a s!ecific aerse effect t

cc*r) @ isi% aa#a3 !r7a7i#itas-%em*ng%inan aris*at* efe% 7*r*% tertent* *nt*% terjai

(+#m7erg, et a#, ) A 'L/ Encyc#!eia

Definisi lain dari risiko



Other definition in many languages

c3ance, !!rt*nity5

wej-ji in "3inese

Risiko in erman risico in D*tc3 C 'ta#ian

risque in Frenc3

ree% 4r rhiza, rt an-r c#iff5

.ra7ic 4r rizq meaning 43at an fate

!rie fr y*r #ife5)



cnce!t a#4ays re#ate t ris% is t3at f *ncertainty

Risk concet



< =ariasi inii* a#am s*sce!ti7i#ity (%erentanan)< 7anya%nya rang yang ter!ajan< fre%*ensi !ajanan< erajat risi% inii*< %em*ng%inan *nt*% meng3i#ang%an-mengganti engan

at-!rses yang #e7i3 %*rang 7er7a3aya< %em*ng%inan *nt*% menca!ai #ee# yang aman< tangg*ng ja4a7 financia# ari s*at* 7a3aya (t3e financia#

#ia7i#ity f 3aar)< !ini !*7#i% an te%anan %e#m!%< tangg*ng ja4a7 ssia#

!omonen yang terkandung dalamrisiko



is% " (3arm-inj*ry) > !r7a7i#ity f inj*ry

" (+arm-inj*ry) +aar > E>!s*re

E>!s*re "ncentratin > D*ratin

is% (+aar > "ncentratin > D*ratin) > Pr7a7i#ity f 'nj*ry

Risk formulation

is% "nse*ence > Pr7a7i#ity

f" P



Individual Hazard(s)

Incident!ccident

"ffects on the

Individual

Deat3Disease

'nj*ry

Disa7i#ity

"ffects on the

#orkplace

B*i#ing amageE*i!ment

amage

Lss

"ffects on the

"nvironment

Pr!erty amageLss f res*rces

Degraatin

P##*tin

$utcome(s)

Interaksi antara bahaya, risiko danindividu



Hazards classification at "ork and riskassociated

%hysical

Chemical

&iolo'ical

"r'onomics

%sychosocial

Risk Consequences

ise ise 'n*ce 3earing Lss

"arcingen "ancer

&icrrganism 'nfectins

&an*a# 3an#ing Bac% !ain

Stress e*ce 4r% !erfrmance

Hazard



/!!rt*nity t cntr# t3e ris%



EL'&'.S'

S?BST'T?S'

PE E'EE'

&''&'S.S'

PE .D&''ST.T'F

T.''-S?PE='S'

.PD

Hirarki engendalian bahaya



!!R% %rinciple

(!s ow !s Reasonably %racticable



Hazard #dentification

+aar ientificatin@ !rcess f recgniingt3at a 3aar e>ists an efining its

c3aracteristics



$echni%ues for Hazard #dentification

Cate'ory @ "m!aratie &et3s@ Prcess r System "3ec%#ist Safety .*it eie4 e#atie an%ing (D4 an &n +aar 'nices) Pre#iminary +aar .na#ysis

Cate'ory *@ F*namenta# &et3s@ +aar /!era7i#ity St*ies (+.:/P) $3at 'f5 .na#ysis Fai#*re &e an Effect .na#ysis (F&E.)

Cate'ory +@ Lgic Diagrams &et3s@ Fa*#t Tree .na#ysis Eent Tree .na#ysis

hazard & risk concept

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