HAZARD & RISK

How would you define the terms hazard and risk?

A hazard is a source of danger which can be defined as “a condition or situation that exists in the work environment that could result in physical harm, injury and/ or damage”.

Risk relates to exposure to the danger and is defined as “the probability of any injury or loss occurring from the hazard”.

TYPES OF HAZARDS

Can you give me some examples of a visible hazard?

Untidy Working areaMissing machine guardsBroken or damaged laddersSlippery surface.

Can you give me some examples of a hidden hazard?

Toxic/asphyxiating gasesVapors inside a confined spaceEmission from a radioactive source

Can you give some examples of a developing hazard?”

Building and structural damage due to vibration or moistureCorrosion and weathering of metal componentsExposure to constant noise which is above the recommended levelsAbnormal wear and tear on critical parts of machinery, plant and equipmentDeterioration from ultra-violet radiation or chemical reaction

Hazard Awareness – Spot the Hazards

Working at Heights

Hazard Awareness – Spot the Hazards

1. Operatives not wearing safety helmets

2. No edge protection to roof nothing to stop materials falling off

3. Roof ladder not long enough

4. Access ladder tied to gutter

5. Ladder leaning on gutter

6. Access ladder too short

7. Manual handling

8. Unprotected skylight

9. Operative kneeling on fragile roof materials

10. Operative not wearing sensible clothing

11. Loose tools in bag liable to fall out onto persons below

12. Carrying tools up ladder. Only one hand

available to steady operative on the ladder

13. No safe access onto roof

Working at Heights

Hazard Awareness – Spot the Hazards

Ground Excavations

Hazard Awareness – Spot the Hazards

Ground Excavations

1. No ladder or safe access

2. Operatives not wearing safety helmets

3. Timbering inadequate to safety support

the sides of the excavation

4. Cable crossing excavation both

unprotected and unsupported

5. Edges of excavation unsafe and breaking away

6. Some wedges used to tighten up timbering missing

7. No securing pins in screw jack

8. Operatives not wearing correct safety footwear

9. Operative climbing on screw jack

10. Board incorrectly toed in

11. Spoil heap in dangerous position

12. Soil slipping between trench supports

13. Unwedged strut across excavation

14. Can of fuel incorrectly stored

Hazard Awareness – Spot the Hazards

Lifting Operations

Hazard Awareness – Spot the Hazards

1. No safety clip on crane hook

2. Shackle between crane hook and sling ring

3. Knot in right-hand sling

4. Angle between legs of sling too wide

5. Insecure slinging method, chain

too near end of load. Is load secure?

6. Spare sling legs not hooked back

7. Load off level

8. What is SWL of sling?

9. Signaller not wearing safety helmet

10. Correct hand signals not being used

11. Adjacent excavation not guarded

12. Outrigger of crane too near to edge of

trench on unstable ground

13. Tag rope not being used

14. Driver cannot see signaler

15. Nails in timber sticking up

16. Spoil heap causing possible trip hazard

17. Spoil heap sited too close to edge of excavation

Lifting Operations

CATEGORIES OF HAZARDS

Does anyone know the 6 general categories of hazards?

Physical (noise, vibration, temperature)Chemical /Substances (exposure to cyanide, acids, caustic soda, lead)Ergonomic ( work area layout, equipment design, instrument layout)Radiation (ultraviolet exposure from the sun or welding,

infra-red from drying or heating processes) Biological (viruses, bacteria, parasites)Psychological (work load, shift arrangement, workplace violence)

ASSESSING THE RISK

“Does anyone remember the definition of risk?”

RISK relates to exposure to a danger and is defined as “the probability of any injury or loss occurring from the hazard”

What would be an example in each category?

Some Consequences of high risk examples would be:Loss of lifePermanent disabilityLoss of body part Extensive loss of structure, equipment or material

“What would be an example in each category?” cont..

Some Consequences of medium risk examples would be:Serious injury or illness that results in a temporary disability Property damage that is disruptive but less severe than a high risk hazard

“What would be an example in each category?” cont..

Some Consequences of Low risk examples would be:Minor, on-disabling injury or illnessNon-disruptive property damage

DEALING WITH HAZARDS

EliminationReplacementIsolation Control (work permits )Personal Protective EquipmentDisciplines (Procedures, work instruction )

Can anyone suggest what these are?

How can we, as individuals, help to eliminate hazards and protect ourselves and others?

Clean up after the jobStore and stack items correctlyPost hazard warning signsBarricade the work area if a short term hazard exists eg welding /excavationOperate equipment correctlyFollow the specified safe work proceduresNot walk away from a hazard – fix or report it

SUMMARYDuring the talk we have discussed how to:Identify different types of hazardsCategorize hazardsAssess the risk associated with hazardsEliminate hazard

How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis for a critical job

Divide the task into sequences of basic steps.Hazard Identification – Identify all potential hazards in each basic step .

Consequences Categories

5 MajorCausing death to one or more people. Loss or damage is such that it could cause serious business disruption (e.g. major fire, explosion or structural damage). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value

4 Sever Causing permanent disability. (e.g. loss of limb, sight or hearing). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value.

3 Significant Causing temporary disability. (e.g. fractures). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value.

2 Minor Causing significant injuries. (e.g. sprain, bruises, and lacerations). Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value e.g. damage to fixtures and fittings.

1 SlightCausing minor injuries. (e.g. cuts, scratches). No lost time likely other than for first aid treatment. Loss/ damage in excess of a financial value e.g. superficial damage to interior decorations.

Estimate the consequence or severity of the event

How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis for a critical job

Likelihood Categories

5 CertainAbsence of any management controls. If conditions remains unchanged there is almost 100% certainty that an accident will happen. (e.g. broken rung on a ladder, live exposed electrical conductor, and untrained personnel).

4 ProbableSerious failures in management controls. The effect of human behavior or other factors could cause an accident but is unlikely without this additional factor (e.g. ladder not secured properly, oil spilled on floor, poor trained personnel).

3 PossibleInsufficient or substandard controls in place. Loss is unlikely during normal operation, however it may occur in emergencies or non routine conditions (e.g. keys left in forklift trucks; obstructed gangways; refresher training required).

2 likelyThe situation is generally well managed, however occasional lapses could occur. This also applies to situations where people are required to behave safely in order to protect themselves but are well trained.

1 ImprobableLoss, accident or illness could only occur under exceptional conditions. The situation is well managed and all reasonable precautions have been taken. Ideally, this should be the normal state of the workplace.

Determine the Likelihood or probability of event occurring

How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis for a critical job Evaluate the Risk- Likelihood X Severity

Certain 5 10 15 20 25

Probable 4 8 12 16 20

Possible 3 6 9 12 15

Improbable 2 4 6 8 10

Negligible 1 2 3 4 5

LIKELIHOOD

 

 

SEVERITY

Slight Mi

no

r

Significant Severe Major

How do I develop a Task Hazard analysis for a critical job Risk Management – by setting control measures.Re evaluate the risk after control measures.

ANY QUESTIONS

THANKS