health services in educational institutes of india
DESCRIPTION
Health Services is essestial to be promoted at educational institutes for maximum outreach to the Indian population.TRANSCRIPT
Health In India – Key Indicators
• India spends only 4% of GDP on health (WHO, 2013).
• World Bank calculations show that India’s spending on health provision, as a share of GDP is one of the lowest (21st lowest) in the world (world bank 2012).
• India accounts for more than 19% of global maternal deaths, and recorded the highest maternal death toll in the world in 2010 (56000/yr)(UNFPA, 2012).
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● 79% of the children between the age of 6-35 months, and more than 50% of women, are anemic, and 40% of the maternal deaths during pregnancy and child-birth relate to anemia and under-nutrition (DISE,2007).
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● Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in India was 67.6 in 1998-99 and has come down to 57 in 2005-06.
IMR India is 44/1000birth (world bank 2012)
Kerala heads the progress made so far with an IMR of 15/1000 births. Uttar Pradesh has the worst IMR in the country of 73/1000 births.
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India School Survey (NCERT)
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HEALTH
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Health as a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1948).
Educational Health Services
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• Health is a multidimensional concept and is shaped by biological,physical, psychological, social, economic, cultural factors.
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BACKGROUND• 1909 in Vadodra, medical examination of school
children were conducted.• 1946 Bhore Committee, stressed on imp of health
services. • In 1953, the secondary education committee
emphasized the need for medical examination of students and school feeding programme.
• In 1960, Gvt of India started school health committee (Renuka Ray Committee) to assess the standard of health and nutrition of school children
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BACKGROUND• . National Policy on Education (1986, Revised
1992) and in the National Health Policy 1983, steps were initiated to look at school health education in a more comprehensive manner
• The National Health Policy, 2002 envisages giving priority to school health programmes which aim at preventive-health education, providing regular health check-ups, and promotion of health-seeking behaviour among children.
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BACKGROUND
The National Curricular Framework 2005 by NCERT has categorically stated that health is a critical input for the overall development of the child and it influences significantly enrolment, retention and completion of school. It advocates a holistic definition of health within which physical education and yoga contribute to the physical, social, emotional and mental development of a child.
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SIGNIFICANCE• 25.9 million(17.9%) students are enrolled in higher
education in India (FICCI, 2012).• 6times growth of universities in India (659) and
30000 colleges (FICCI, 2012).• 6.5lakh school, 96.5% children school enrollment in
India (NCERT-2006, Govt. India-2011), • Growth and development of children is at rapid pace
which needs to be supervised• most cost-effective intervention towards promotion
of health in the society
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OBJECTIVES• Inculcate healthy habits and lifestyles to
promote healthy behavior and to learn values of hygiene.
• Training of teachers for health activities• To improve healthy environment in the
institutions which includes safe water, safe disposal of excreta, waste water and garbage disposal.
• To establish parent teacher association and regular contact for counseling.
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COMPONENTS OF HEALTH SERVICES IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES
1. HEALTH APPRAISAL
2. REMEDIAL MEASURES AND FOLLOW UP
3. PREVENTION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
4. HEALTHFUL SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT
5. NUTRITIONAL SEVICES
6. FIRST-AID AND EMERGENCY CARE
7. PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES
8. STUDENT HEALTH RECORD16
1. HEALTH APPRAISAL
• Periodical examination and observation of students.• Health check up of institutional staff is equally
important
• The school health committee (1960) recommends medical examinations of children at the time of admission and there after every 4 years.
• Note: Staff should be adequately trained during in service training course.
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2. REMEDIAL MEASURES AND FOLLOW UP
• Feedback and reporting to the parents• Continuous monitoring • Special clinics should be conducted
exclusively for students at PHC or RHC or Dispensaries or Institution clinics
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3. PREVENTION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Awareness programs for students about :– Mumps (viral infectious disease characterized by
enlargement and pain of one or both salivary glands)– Rubella (viral infection characterized by fever, nodular
swellings and rash)– Hepatitis-B, Typhoid, Hepatitis-A
NOTE: Coordination with health agencies will be effectiveRecord should be maintained at school and parents should be
informed in advance.
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4. HEALTHFUL SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT
The following minimum standards for institutes have been suggested in India.– Class room – The institutions should have proper
facilities commensurate with its requirement and should provide minimum floor space of 1 sq. mtr. per student in the class room. (www.cbse.nic.in/pr_rti/manuals/Affiliation_BYE_LAWS.doc)
• Every institute will also provide proper facilities for physically challenged students.
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– Furniture- Should suit age groups. chairs should be with back rest.
– Door and windows- Adequate ventilation for air and emergency exits.
– Light- sufficient natural light– Water supply and Sanitation- potable and continuous
water supply, urinals and latrine separately for boys and girls. The school should scrupulously observe prescription from the local authority regarding safety, safe drinking water and sanitation.
– Eating Facility- vendors should not be allowed. Separate rooms for mid day meal.
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5. Nutritional Services
Diet should have all nutrients in proper proportion, adequate for maintenance of optimum health.
• Dietician should be appointed to set the menu for mess, cafeteria or hostel.
• Junk foods to be avoided inside campus.
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6. FIRST-AID AND EMERGENCY CARE
• Teachers and Staff should receive first-aid training
• Common emergencies in institutes are – – Accidents, – Sports Injuries– Gastroenteritis– Fits and fainting
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7. PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES
Mental health – juvenile delinquency, drug addiction common in adolescents.
• There should be a counselor in education institutes.
8. STUDENT HEALTH RECORD
These are useful in analyzing and evaluation school health services and provides a useful link between home, institute and community. •Health record for each child should be maintained•Identification data•Past history•Physical examination reports•Immunization history
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RESPONSIBILITIES OF HEALTH COORDINATORS•Ensuring that the various components of the Health Program are integrated within the basic operations of the educational institute, are efficiently managed, reinforce one another, and present consistent messages for student learning;
•Developing procedures to ensure compliance with Health Policies;
•Supervising implementation of institutional Health Policies and procedures;•Negotiating provisions for mutually beneficial collaborative arrangements with other agencies, organizations, and businesses in the community who have an interest in the health and well-being of children and their families;
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•Reporting on program implementation, results, and means for improvement (to whom and how) regularly.
•Assisting the administrator/school principal and other administrative staff with the integration, management, and supervision of the School Health Program;
•Providing or arranging for necessary technical assistance and resources
•Conducting evaluation activities that assess the implementation and results of the School Health Program, as well as assisting with reporting evaluation results.
