Study of Pathologic Tissues

Cellular Damage and Injury

DEGENERATION AND INFILTRATION

• Degeneration– Injury accumulation of metabolites

• Infiltration– Accumulation of metabolites injury

Hyaline Degeneration-regressive change in cells in which the cytoplasm takes on a homogenous, glassy appearance.-the term HYALINE is used in a purely descriptive sense to characterize the physical appearance of the alteration in the cell. It is a form of protein coagulation, usually an indication of severe cell damage.

Substances responsible for producing hyaline degeneration may be classified, according to their chemical reactions and gross and microscopic appearance of tissues, into:a. Mucinb. Colloidc. Amyloidd. Glycogen

Zenker’s Degeneration of Musculus rectus-hyaline degeneration-accumulation of lactic acid due to bacterial toxins-striations become loose

Parenchymatous and fatty degeneration of liver

Parenchymatous degeneration of kidney

Hemorrhagic infarct of lung-caused by an embolus which damages the endothelium

Hemorrhagic necrosis of the liver – usually caused by a lung problem

Atrophy

• “wasting”• Physiologic Atrophy– Atrophy of thymus

and lymphoid tissues during puberty

– Sexual organs and brain

– Senile atrophy

• Pathologic Atrophy– Vascular– Pressure– Starvation or Hunger– Atrophy of disuse– Exhaustion atrophy– Endocrine atrophy

Granular Atrophy of Kidney-caused by chronic interstitial disease

Brown atrophy of the liver; accumulation of lipofucsin

Infiltration

Fat accumulation

Glycogen storage disease I; Von Gierke’s; absence of G6Phosphatase

\PAS stains the cells bright orange

Accumulation of Carbon

Anthracosis of the Lung

Hemosiderosis of liver

Hemosiderin in Kupffer cells

Malarial melanemia of spleen

Hemozoin crystals

HYPERTROPHY/ HYPERPLASIA

Normal versus Hypertrophic Prostate

Hyperplasia of Leydig cells