Benjamin CamarilloBen.Camarillo@gmail.com

A brief summary of all the different artistic movements that marked our history. As we can see in this paper, it’s clear that art is a great influence in Industrial Design; shapes, colors, contrasts all form part of the visual stimulation that gives form to the objects around us.

History of Industrial Design

This movement was created as an attempt to increase the status of craftmanship. It also help rise the position of the decorative arts that came after the Industrial Revolution.

The movement was inspired by simplicity, quality craftmanship and good design. Those who said they belong to the Arts and Crafts movement said that the Industrial Revolution eliminated any creative outlet and uniqueness from society. Their main goal was to create a link between the product and the maufacturer in order to restore what was lost in mass-production.

Arts & Crafts

Ernest GimsonEnglish furniture designer and architect.Was considered to be the greatest of the English architect-designers. His interests included the craft techniques, textures and surfaces, detailed illustrations and simple building processes.

Arts & Crafts

His furniture is considered a prime achieve-ment of its time and can be seen in the most important colections of the decorative arts in Britain and the US.

William MorrisEnglish writer, social reformer, designer and artist who tried to renew the culture by recapturing the spirit of the arts and crafts. As a desiger and craftsman his work was a great influence in the design of books, printing art, visual arts and industrial desigh of the XIX century.

Arts & Crafts

His social ideality, somewhat utopian, was left in theoretical writings and novels like “News from nowere”.

Born in Paris and later moving towards Belgium, Art Nouveau was created in 1875 with the purpose of being a decorative style. It’s popularity declined when the First World War started.

As we can see in their different expressions, their principal form of inspiration is nature, especially plant-shaped forms. These shapes are often seen in metal structures and ornaments of iron.

Art Nouveau

Antoni GaudíSpanish architect who was the biggest representative of catalán modernism. many people agree that he had a born sense of geometry and volume, as with a big imaginative capacity that allowed him to mentally project most of his works before placing them on blue prints. Actually he very rarely made blue prints of his works, as he prefered to recreate them on 3D models.

Art Nouveau

Victor HortaHis frst great work, the Hotel Tassel in Brussels, already showed his main subjects that he would eventually develop: Visible iron structures and special attention to the ornament of every element.

He supervised the interior decoration of all of his buildings, including the furniture design, making sure doors, stairs and windows had his obvious vegetable inspiration showing a whip-like movement.

Art Nouveau

This movement started at the time the Industrial Revolution was stablished. SOme peolpe say it’s a reflexion of this period of time, while others say that its the way art became to be also industrialized, as with the rest of the world.

It’s main goal is to accentuate the materials and its textures, as well as the straight lines and geometric shapes. Art Deco is a clear message that man has conquered the world around them, and instead of emulating natural shapes, they abstract and simplify them in order to make them “mass produceable”.

Art Decó

Raymond HoodArchitect that worked on the Art Decó at the middle of the XX century. When he was studying in Paris he met John Mead Howells, with whom he eventually became an asociate. He also used the help of the sculptor Rene Paul Chambellan to create the scrulptures of his buildings.

Art Decó

Tamara de LempickaHer artwork focuses on femenine paintings and both male and female nudity. Following the Art Decó trend, she painted ethereal figures with floating cloathing and long features, giving a sculpture type of feeling.

Her most important influences are Boticelli, Bronzino, Manierism in general and Cubism.

Art Decó

Founded in Germany in 1919, Walter Gropius created the first school of design and architecture. With a war on context, the school’s primary goal was to help create a world in a more simplified way. It also marked the turning point to include functionality in design.

Bauhaus second intention was to create more artistic everyday objects like radios and orange sqweezers so that they could really reach all of the possible users. They believed that the conection between the designer and the user should be really tight: function over form.

Bauhaus

Ludwig Mies Van der RoheHis artistic orientations varied a lot during his period, even though he still remained his innovative touch for his constructions.

He started shaping amazing houses, he became well known for his spectacular buildings, like the apartment building “Weissenhofsiedlung” located in Stuttgart, Germany.

Bauhaus

Hannes MeyerHe saw buildings as a basic process that takes into account the biological, mental, spiritual and physical needs of life. A very complete panorama that goes through everything.

He focused more on living facilities and, if we look closely into his work, we can notice how he’s main goal is to create a living environment were simple everyday life things such as ventilation, smells and simple conversations are taken into account.

Bauhaus

Filippo Marinetti created this movement with the intention of, like the name says, forgetting the old classical design and give birth to a new movement that reflected the more technologically advanced society we have created.

A movement that started in Italy in the beginning of the XX century, it always reflected the new characteristics of modern society: fast manufacturng processes and a more “design aware” user.

Futurism

Carlo CarràAt age twelve, he left his house to work as a murallist. In 1899 he moved to Paris to work on several pavilions for the Universla Exposition. He spent a few years in London were he stayed in touch with some italian anarchists that, like many other artsts of his time, eventually learned the basics of anarchy, socialism and tried to express them in his paintings. He went back to Milan at 1901 were he entered the Accademia di Brera, were he studied with Cesare Tallone. In 1910 he started a pictoric era which was the most famous of the artist.

Futurism

Umberto BoccioniIn his artworks, Boccioni new how to express the movement of the shapes and the movement of the materials.

Even though he was influenced by Cubism, which he hated a lot, Boccioi avoided always straight lines and he used complementary colours to create a vibrating effect.

Futurism

As the name describes it, Postmodernism was looking to replace the different aspects of Modernism. While also focusing on trying to guide society through their designs, Postmodernism focused more on society and the context of the objects or works of art.

This movement emerged after the end of the Cold War, and it’s a reflection of the rapid changing of society itself. Their primary object was the people, and the world around were they developed.

Postmodernism

Le CorbusierBesides being a great architect and painter, he was a great theorical of architecture. He wrote several books in which he showed his ideas through proyects of his own.

He also knew that, besides knowing how to create good buildings, it was necessary to know how to explain them and transmit his message to the rest of the people, both teachers and students. He also worked with great perfection the task of publishing his own artwork.

Postmodernism

Walter GropiusGropius buildings reflected the most pure style of Bauhaus, because they were built with new materials which provides him with a modern aspect unknown at that time.

His façades are flat and with very clear lines and it lacks of unnecessary ornamental elements. With this, Gropius has been one of the creators of the so called “international style” in architecture.

Postmodernism

The movemet’s primary goal was to minimize at most the basic components. The most important thing is to reduce any object to the least number of components. Only the essential, and working around it.

Solid colors, geometric shapes and few components created with the now available industrial technologies of the 60’s is how the Minimalists tried to give a message: Trying to unite all of the different aspects of the other older movements like context, simplicity, everyday life and beauty.

Minimalism

Donald JuddHe’s a minimalist because in his designs he seeks autonomy and clarity for the constructed objects and the space created by it.

The contrast of colors with the unity of straight lines creates a nice balance differentiation in his artworks.

Minimalism

Robert MorrisIs also a minimalist artst because of how he uses simple curves and waves in his sculptures.

His instalations have an inverse effect of Donald Judd. Instead, he uses unity of colors in contrast with likes. While the lines are pretty simple, they tend to be in various directions, breaking with the ballance of simetry.

Minimalism

Referenses

http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/m/morris.htmhttp://www.barcelonaexperience.com/spotlight/pedrera.htmhttp://epdlp.com/arquitecto.php?id=73http://www.queensofvintage.com/vintage-style-inspiration-tamara-de-lempicka/http://niels85.wordpress.com/2011/04/06/searching-for-the-perfect-chicago-skyscraper-part-ii/http://lagaceta.com.ar/nota/483236/Tucumanos/Quien-fue-Mies-van-der-Roe.htmlhttp://www.epdlp.com/arquitecto.php?id=111http://www.urbanity.es/foro/biografias-y-obras-de-arquitectos-e-ingenieros/14671-hannes-meyer.htmlhttp://collagemuseum.com/carra001.htmhttp://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/c/corbusier.htmhttp://www.ato.jp/blog/2011/01/donald-judd.html