History of Space SatellitesHistory of Space Satellites1957- 20041957- 2004

ByMatt Robertson

SatellitesSatellites

Satellites can be found all over the outside Satellites can be found all over the outside of the atmosphere above Earth. They of the atmosphere above Earth. They allow us to have television channels, cell allow us to have television channels, cell phones, radio stations, and much more.phones, radio stations, and much more.

Today we will learnToday we will learn

Overview of satellitesOverview of satellitesHow they affect our livesHow they affect our livesTimeline of satellites between 1957 - 2004Timeline of satellites between 1957 - 2004

Satellites are built in a variety of different shapes

Weather Satellite

We constantly improve on technology to build satellites. However, it takes years to build and deploy a satellite.

Landsat SatelliteWeather Satellite

Most satellites are launched into space using rockets.

Weather Satellite Landsat Satellite Sputnik 1

Satellites orbit the earth and give us valuable information from high above the atmosphere

Weather Satellite Landsat Satellite Sputnik 1 RADARSAT

Measures weather conditions such as winds and surface

temperature.

Sends information back to Earth about cloud formations.

Information allows weather forecasters

to make accurate weather predictions.

Weather Satellite Landsat Satellite Sputnik 1 RADARSAT

Weather Satellites look down and send information

Astronomy Satellites peer outward to study the universe

Communication Satellites beam TV, phone, and radio signals

Some satellites have orbits and they roam above earth

Some satellites stay stationary in geostationary orbits

Weather SatelliteLandsat Satellite Sputnik 1 RADARSAT

Timeline on key SatellitesTimeline on key Satellites

The Beginning of the Space Race The Beginning of the Space Race and the start of satellitesand the start of satellites

Oct. 4,1957- The Soviet Union launched Oct. 4,1957- The Soviet Union launched the first Space Satellite, called Sputnik 1. It the first Space Satellite, called Sputnik 1. It weighed 183 pounds and was the size of a weighed 183 pounds and was the size of a basketball. This marked the beginning of basketball. This marked the beginning of the space race.the space race.

Nov. 3- Sputnik 2 was launched into Nov. 3- Sputnik 2 was launched into space, but this time it brought the first space, but this time it brought the first creature into space, a dog named Laika.creature into space, a dog named Laika.

Creating NASACreating NASA

Jan. 31, 1958- The United states launched Jan. 31, 1958- The United states launched its first satellite called Explorer 1. It its first satellite called Explorer 1. It discovered magnetic radiation belts discovered magnetic radiation belts around Earth.around Earth.

The Sputnik satellites led to the creating of The Sputnik satellites led to the creating of NASA. In July 1958, Congress passed the NASA. In July 1958, Congress passed the “Space Act” which created NASA as of “Space Act” which created NASA as of Oct. 1, 1958. Oct. 1, 1958.

The 1960sThe 1960s

Aug. 12,1960- U.S. launched Echo 1 a Aug. 12,1960- U.S. launched Echo 1 a passive reflector satellite. When it was passive reflector satellite. When it was launched it was thought that it could serve launched it was thought that it could serve a purpose in communications.a purpose in communications.

1962- Telstar was a satellite that relayed 1962- Telstar was a satellite that relayed television signals. television signals.

August 19,1964- The first ever August 19,1964- The first ever geostationary telecommunications satellite geostationary telecommunications satellite was launched called Syncom 3.was launched called Syncom 3.

TIROSTIROS

It was the first set of satellites that could It was the first set of satellites that could provide accurate weather forecasts based provide accurate weather forecasts based on data gathered from space. It was on data gathered from space. It was launched in 1962. launched in 1962.

1958-1967 TIROS 1 ----- TIROS 101958-1967 TIROS 1 ----- TIROS 101978 -1987 TIROS -N1978 -1987 TIROS -N

NIMBUSNIMBUS

NIMBUS is a set of satellites that provide very crucial NIMBUS is a set of satellites that provide very crucial data on the Earth’s atmospheric temperatures, data on the Earth’s atmospheric temperatures, atmospheric chemistry, sea-ice coverage, the Earth’s atmospheric chemistry, sea-ice coverage, the Earth’s radiation budget, and sea-surface temperature. The first radiation budget, and sea-surface temperature. The first of these satellites was launched in 1964. One instrument of these satellites was launched in 1964. One instrument on the NIMBUS satellite and was able to map the Ozone on the NIMBUS satellite and was able to map the Ozone hole.hole.

1958 – 1967 Nimbus 11958 – 1967 Nimbus 1 1968 - 1977 Nimbus B and Nimbus 3 – 61968 - 1977 Nimbus B and Nimbus 3 – 6 1978 – 1987 Nimbus 71978 – 1987 Nimbus 7

1970s1970s

July 23,1972- ERTS, the first ever landsat July 23,1972- ERTS, the first ever landsat satellite was launched. These satellites satellite was launched. These satellites are used to show how the land has been are used to show how the land has been changing over the years on Earth.changing over the years on Earth.

Oct. 16,1975- GOES, was a geostationary Oct. 16,1975- GOES, was a geostationary satellite who’s high orbits, visible-light, and satellite who’s high orbits, visible-light, and infrared give us constant surveillance over infrared give us constant surveillance over the entire planet.the entire planet.

1980s1980s

Jan.-Nov. 1983- The Infrared Astronomical Jan.-Nov. 1983- The Infrared Astronomical Satellite found new comets, asteroids, Satellite found new comets, asteroids, galaxies, and a dust ring around the star galaxies, and a dust ring around the star Vega that may be new planets. Vega that may be new planets.

April 6,1984-The first space shuttle to April 6,1984-The first space shuttle to repair a satellite while in orbit, called SMM.repair a satellite while in orbit, called SMM.

Nov. 6,1984-First time that satellites were Nov. 6,1984-First time that satellites were brought back from space by space shuttle.brought back from space by space shuttle.

1990s1990s

Jan. 25,1994 - U.S. launches Jan. 25,1994 - U.S. launches ClementineClementine, a new , a new DOD satellite that performs a lunar mapping DOD satellite that performs a lunar mapping mission using advanced ballistic missile defense mission using advanced ballistic missile defense technologies. It suffered a terrible malfunction technologies. It suffered a terrible malfunction ending it’s mission early.ending it’s mission early.

1995- The Canadians launched the first 1995- The Canadians launched the first operational satellite called RADARSAT. It is able operational satellite called RADARSAT. It is able to bounce back radar signals off the Earth to to bounce back radar signals off the Earth to create 3-D images of its surface. create 3-D images of its surface.

A New MillenniumA New Millennium

In 2000 IKONOS is In 2000 IKONOS is the first satellite to the first satellite to allow us to see any allow us to see any thing on the ground, thing on the ground, that measures one that measures one square meter.square meter.

2003-20042003-2004

Nov. 2003- TopSat is a mission that is going to Nov. 2003- TopSat is a mission that is going to demonstrate the capabilities for classically high demonstrate the capabilities for classically high value remote sensing missions of small value remote sensing missions of small satellites.satellites.

Jan. 23,2004- MILSATCOM is a military satellite Jan. 23,2004- MILSATCOM is a military satellite that will demonstrate critical technologies for a that will demonstrate critical technologies for a secure, high-capacity global communications secure, high-capacity global communications network, it will serve the U.S. Department of network, it will serve the U.S. Department of Defense, NASA, and the intelligence community. Defense, NASA, and the intelligence community.

Summer 2004Summer 2004

June 9, 2004 - GPS 2R-12June 9, 2004 - GPS 2R-12

New generation of GPS satellites. New generation of GPS satellites.

New system will allow for expanded New system will allow for expanded coverage over regions of the world and coverage over regions of the world and higher performance standards.higher performance standards.

Delayed due to pump failure on rocketDelayed due to pump failure on rocket

2005 and Beyond2005 and Beyond

2005- EagleEye is a satellite that is going 2005- EagleEye is a satellite that is going to be used by a company to help their to be used by a company to help their customers predict the Earth’s agricultural customers predict the Earth’s agricultural weather conditions. It is planned to launch weather conditions. It is planned to launch in 2005. EagleEye will provide in yield in 2005. EagleEye will provide in yield predicting, crop monitoring, mapping, and predicting, crop monitoring, mapping, and satellite photos and maps.satellite photos and maps.

Future Satellite PredictionsFuture Satellite Predictions

In the future, a large solar In the future, a large solar powered satellite may orbit powered satellite may orbit Earth and collect solar energy Earth and collect solar energy from the sun. The energy from the sun. The energy could be converted using new could be converted using new technologies to electricity and technologies to electricity and sent back to Earth as sent back to Earth as microwaves. The best part is microwaves. The best part is the lack of pollution. The the lack of pollution. The proposed solution will have no proposed solution will have no greenhouse gas emissions. greenhouse gas emissions.

Future Satellite LaunchesFuture Satellite LaunchesSPACECRAFT PLANNED LAUNCHSPACECRAFT PLANNED LAUNCH

Geostationary Operational Geostationary Operational Environmental SatellitesEnvironmental Satellites

  GOES – N GOES – N December 2004December 2004    GOES - OGOES - OApril 2007April 2007    GOES - PGOES - POctober 2008October 2008    GOES - RGOES - ROctober 2012October 2012   

In ConclusionIn Conclusion

In conclusion, satellites are very important In conclusion, satellites are very important in what we use in every day life. By the in what we use in every day life. By the end of the 20end of the 20thth century there were more century there were more than 2,200 satellites orbiting our planet.than 2,200 satellites orbiting our planet.

Satellites are very costly but are very well Satellites are very costly but are very well worth the expense for helping live our lives worth the expense for helping live our lives and learning more about the universe.and learning more about the universe.

Satellites are a little bit confusing and cool Satellites are a little bit confusing and cool so I will do my best to answer any so I will do my best to answer any questions you have on satellites.questions you have on satellites.

So are there any questions?So are there any questions?

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