holy cross college (autonomous), tiruchirappalli -...

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), TIRUCHIRAPPALLI - 620002

B.Sc., PHYSICS - SEMESTER - II

MAJOR CORE 2: ELECTRICITY AND ELCTROMAGNETISM

SPECIFIC OUTCOME OF LEARNING

CODE: U15PH2MCT02

UNIT I: ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS & CAPACITORS

The student is able to

1. explain the theory of Carey Foster bridge.

2. define temperature coefficient of resistance.

3. explain the theory of potentiometer.

4. explain the calibration of the given ammeter and low range voltmeter.

5. explain the principle of a capacitor.

6. derive the expressions for the capacitance of a spherical capacitor with inner sphere earthed

and outer sphere earthed.

7. derive the expression for the capacity of the cylindrical capacitor.

8. derive the expression for the energy stored in a capacitor.

9. prove that there is always loss of energy when two capacitors share their charges.

10. give the theory of a quadrant electrometer.

11. explain the use of quadrant electrometer to measure ionization current.

12. explain the measurement of the capacitance using the quadrant electrometer.

UNIT II: ELECTROMAGNETISM


1. derive an expression for the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

2. assess the direction of the force on a conductor carrying current in a magnetic field from

Fleming’s left hand rule.

3. define Ampere.

4. derive an expression for the flux density at any point along the axis of a circular coil.

5. derive an expression for the flux density at any point along the axis of a solenoid carrying

current.

6. give the theory of a ballistic galvanometer .

7. deduce the expression for the damping correction which can be applied for BG.

8. define the charge sensitivity of the B.G.

9. give the theory to determine the absolute capacitance of a capacitor using the B.G.

10. describe the experiment to determine the absolute capacity of a capacitor using the B.G.

11. explain the importance of concept of magnetic shell.

12. explain the Ampere’s theorem.

UNIT III: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION


1. state the laws of electromagnetic induction.

2. define self inductance and obtain expression for self inductance of a solenoid.

3. define mutual inductance and obtain expression for mutual inductance of a solenoid inductor.

4. define and obtain expression for the coefficient of coupling.

5. determine the self inductance of a coil by Rayleigh’s Method.

6. determine the self inductance of a coil by Anderson’s method.

7. determine the mutual inductance of a coil by Rayleigh’s Method.

8. explain how the current grows in a circuit containing C & R and L & R respectively.

9. explain how the current decays in a circuit containing C & R and L & R respectively.

10. define the time constants of LR circuit and CR circuit.

11. measure the value of high resistance experimentally by leakage method.

12. know what are eddy currents.

13. give the uses of eddy current.

14. explain the working of an induction coil.

UNIT IV: ELECTRIC GENERATORS AND MOTORS


1. explain the working of an A.C. generator.

2. explain the distribution of three phase alternating current.

3. explain the working of an D.C. generator.

4. differenciate a dynamo and a motor.

5. explain how the emf is generated using a dynamo.

6. give the difference between an AC & DC dynamo.

7. define the back emf.

8. describe how the back emf is developed in a motor.

9. describe the different types of windings used in a dynamo.

10. define the efficiency of a motor.

11. distinguish between the three types of motor.

12. state the principle of rotating magnetic field.

13. explain the working of an induction motor.

UNIT V: ALTERNATING CURRENTS


1. define the peak, average and RMS values of alternating current.

2. analyse AC circuits by j operator method.

3. derive an expressions for current, impedance and phase of current for an alternating EMF

applied to a circuit containing LCR in series and parallel.

4. analyse series and parallel resonant circuits.

5. discuss the sharpness of resonance and the Q factor.

6. prove mathematically that electric power consumed over a cycle in AC circuits with pure

inductor or a capacitor is zero.

7. define power factor.

8. understand the concept of wattless current.

9. explain the power consumed in a choke coil

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE, (AUTONOMOUS), TIRUCHIRAPPALLI - 620002.

SEMESTER II

ALLIED PHYSICS- 3: BASIC PHYSICS - 2


CODE: U16PH2ACT03

UNIT I: ELECTRICITY


1. define Coloumb’s law.

2. derive expression for electric field due to point charge.

3. define electric field intensity.

4. define electric potential .


6. define the capacitance of a capacitor

7. derive an expression for the capacity of an Isolated sphere.

8. derive an expression for the capacity of Spherical Capacitor.

9. derive an expression for the energy of a charged capacitor.

10. prove mathematically that there is always loss of energy when two capacitors

share their charges.

UNIT II: ELECTROMAGNETISM


1. derive expression for force on a current carrying conductor.

2. State Fleming’s left hand rule.

3. State laws of electromagnetic induction.

4. define magnetic flux.

5. define self induction.

6. define mutual induction.

7. define Henry.

8. describe the experimental determination of self inductance by Anderson’s method.

9. describe the experimental determination of mutual inductance by Rayleigh’s method.

UNIT III : ANALOG ELECTRONICS


1. differentiate between P type and N type semiconductors.

2. explain the formation of P-N junction.

3. explain the action of a p-n junction in the forward and reverse bias conditions..

4. explain the working of a full wave bridge rectifier

5. study experimentally the forward and reverse bias characteristics of a Zener diode and

represent it graphically.

6. explain the application of a Zener as a voltage regulator.

7. draw the symbol of NPN and PNP transistor.

8. explain the action of a transistor.

9. explain the characteristics of transistor in CE mode.

UNIT IV : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS


1. explain the construction of the basic logic gates(NOT,AND & OR) using discrete

components.

2. state and prove De Morgan’s theorems.

3. construct the basic gates using universal building blocks.

4. explain the basic laws of Boolean algebra and simplify the Boolean expressions upto 3-

variables.

5. explain elementary ideas of IC’s SSI,MSI,LSI & VLSI

UNIT V: ATOMIC & NUCLEAR PHYSICS


1. explain the origin of X-rays.

2. explain the properties of X-rays

3. compare the characteristics X- ray spectra with continuous X-ray spectra

4. define Mosley’s law and explain its importance.

5. explain the vector atom model and quantum numbers associated with it .

6. define radioactivity.

7. explain laws of successive disintegration.

8. define radioactive equilibrium.

9. apply the laws of radioactivity to find the age of earth.

10. define mass defect and binding energy.

11. define Packing fraction.

12. derive the binding energy formula

13. explain liquid drop model.

14. explain nuclear fission on the basis of liquid drop model of the nucleus.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 2.

B.Sc., DEGREE EXAMINATION, SEMESTER IV,

PHYSICS MAJOR CORE 6: OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY


CODE: U15PH4MCT06

UNIT I: REFLECTION AND REFRACTION


1. explain the refraction of light.

2. explain how deviation is produced by a thin lens.

3. identify the term aberration and distinguish between chromatic aberration and

Spherical aberration.

4. obtain the condition for minimum spherical aberration of two thin lenses separated by

a distance.

5. explain the various methods of reducing spherical aberration.

6. recall the terms longitudinal chromatic aberration and lateral chromatic aberration.

7. identify the term achromatism in lenses.

8. explain the various ways of achieving achromatism in single lens and in a combination

of lenses.

9. explain the advantages of using two lenses in an eyepiece rather than using a single

lens.

10. explain the construction and working of Huygen’s and Ramsden’s eyepieces.

11. explain how aberrations are rectified in Huygen’s and Ramsden’s eyepieces.

12. explain the terms positive eyepiece and negative eyepiece.

13. compare the advantages and disadvantages of Huygen’s eyepieces and Ramsden’s

eyepieces.

14. identify the dispersion of light.

15. define the refraction of light through prism.

UNIT II: INTERFERENCE


1. explain the phenomenon of interference of light.

2. explain how interference takes place in thin films due to reflected light and give the

conditions for constructive and destructive interference.

3. explain how interference takes place in a wedge shaped thin films and discuss the

condition for constructive and destructive interference.

4. determine experimentally the thickness of the given wire by forming air-wedge.

5. explain how the optical planeness of a surface can be tested by forming fringes in a

wedge shaped thin film.

6. explain the construction and working of Michelson’s interferometer.

7. explain how the wavelength of monochromatic light and difference in wavelength

between two neighbouring lines can be determined using Michelson’s interferometer.

8. determine the wavelength of sodium light.

9. determine the refractive index of a liquid.

UNIT III: DIFFRACTION


1. define the term diffraction of light.

2. distinguish between Fresnel and fraunhofer diffraction.

3. give the theory of plane transmission grating and derive the grating formula for normal

incidence.

4. define oblique incidence.

5. derive the expression for oblique incidence.

6. explain the situations of overlapping and absent spectra.

7. explain the formation of spectrum by a grating.

8. describe the experiment to determine the wavelength of spectral lines using a grating.

9. define the terms ‘dispersive power’ and ‘resolving power’ and derive the expressions

for the same.

10. compare the prism spectrum with the grating spectrum.

11. explain the procedure to determine the number of lines/m on the grating for a source

of known wavelength.

UNIT IV: POLARISATION


1. explain the transverse nature of light.

2. define the terms ‘polarisation’ and ‘double refraction’.

3. explain how Huygen explained double refraction.

4. give the construction of nicol prism.

5. define the terms ‘optic axis’, ‘principal section’ and ‘principal plane’ in a crystal.

6. distinguish between the various types of polarization namely plane polarized,

circularly polarized and elliptically polarized light.

7. discuss how plane polarized light, circularly polarized light and elliptically polarized light

can be produced and analysed.

8. explain the meaning of quarter wave plate and half wave plate.

9. define Optical activity

10. explain the term ‘Rotatory polarization’.

11. understand Fresnel’s explanation of optical rotation.

12. explain about Laurent’s half shade polarimeter.

13. explain how the specific rotation of sugar solution can be found.

by a polarimeter which uses Laurent”s Half shade.

UNIT V: SPECTROSCOPY


1. list out the types of spectra

2. define emission and absorption spectra

3. define IR spectroscopy

4. give an account of various IR radiation sources.

5. explain the different types of IR detectors.

6. mention the uses of IR photography.

7. define UV spectroscopy.

8. give an account of various UV radiation sources.

9. explain the different types of UV detectors.

10. explain about the scattering of light and distinguish between coherent scattering and

incoherent scattering of light.

11. define Raman effect.

12. explain Raman effect using simple quantum theory.

13. explain the experimental techniques used to study Raman effect.

14. mention the applications of Raman effect.

15. define NMR spectroscopy.

16. explain the basic principles and applications of NMR spectroscopy.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE, (AUTONOMOUS), TIRUCHIRAPPALLI-620002.

B.Sc., DEGREE EXAMINATION, SEMESTER – IV

MAJOR ELECTIVE 1: DIGITAL ELECTRONICS


CODE: U15PH4MET01

UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS, CODES AND LOGIC GATES


1. define binary number system .

2. perform the binary addition.

3. perform the binary subtraction using 1’s complement and 2’s complement method.

4. convert the given decimal number to the equivalent binary number.

5. convert the given binary number to equivalent decimal number.

6. convert the given octal number to the equivalent decimal number.

7. convert the given decimal number to the equivalent octal number.

8. convert the given hexadecimal number to the equivalent decimal number.

9. convert the given decimal number to the equivalent hexadecimal number.

10. add two BCD number.

11. explain the uses of excess-3 code.

12. explain Gray and Alphanumeric (ASCII) codes

13. draw the inverter circuit.

14. analyse the working of AND, OR, EX-OR, NAND and NOR gates and draw the truth

table.

UNIT II: BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND METHODS OF REDUCTION OF BOOLEAN

EQUATIONS


1. state the rules and laws of Boolean algebra.

2. state and prove De Morgan’s theorems.

3. explain the working of NAND and NOR gates as universal building blocks.

4. draw the gate networks for the given Boolean expressions.

5. simplify the given Boolean expressions using the rules and laws of Boolean algebra.

6. differentiate SOP and POS.

7. write the given equation in the standard SOP form

8. draw the two variable, three variable, and four variable K maps.

9. explain the formation of pair, quad, and Octet.

10. simplify the given Boolean expression using Karnaugh map.

11. implement the given expression by AND-OR network.

12. find the equivalence between AND-OR network and NAND-NAND network.

13. explain the function of parity generator and checker.

UNIT –III: ARITHMETIC, COMBINATIONAL AND SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS


1. explain the working of half adder.

2. explain the working of full adder.

3. draw half subtractor circuit using logic gates and explain its working.

4. draw half adder and full adder circuit using logic gates and explain its working.

5. explain the working of 4-1 Multiplexer and 8-1 Multiplexer

6. discuss the working of 1-4 Demultiplexer and 1-16 Demultiplexer

7. describe a 3 to 8 Decoder.

8. discuss the function of BCD to Seven segment decoder

9. discuss the function of Encoder.

10. describe the working of SR and clocked flip flop.

11. explain the function of D flip flop.

12. explain the function of JK flip flop.

13. explain the concept of edge triggering.

14. explain the working of Master-Slave flip flop.

15. explain the working of T flip flop and give the truth table.

UNIT IV: REGISTERS AND COUNTERS


1. define registers

2. explain the working of shift registers.

3. analyse the functions of series and parallel shift registers.

4. explain the working of ring counter.

5. define the modulus of a counter.

6. discuss the working of asynchronous counter.

7. explain about asynchronous decade counter and its functions.

8. explain the working of synchronous counters.

9. draw the circuit of synchronous decade counter and explain its function.

10. differentiate between Asynchronous and synchronous counter.

UNIT V: ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERSION


1. differentiate between analog and digital signal.

2. mention the necessity for A/D and D/A conversion.

3. explain how D/A conversion take place in resistive divider method.

4. define resolution of D/A converter.

5. define the accuracy of D/A converter.

6. explain the binary ladder method of D/A conversion.

7. explain the performance characteristics of D/A converter.

8. draw the block diagram of A/D converter and explain its principle.

9. explain the working of successive approximation A/D converter.

10. list out the advantages and disadvantages of successive approximation method.

11. explain the working of counter type A/D converter by drawing the necessary diagrams.

12. define the accuracy A/D converter.

13. define the resolution A/D converter.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), TIRUCHIRAPPALLI-2

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

SEMESTER IV

ALLIED PHYSICS OPTIONAL PAPER 2

OPTICS, ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS


CODE: U15PH4AOT02

UNIT I : OPTICS


1. define refraction .

2. describe the theory of refraction through prism.

3. define refractive index of prism.

4. explain interference.

5. give the condition for Interference.

6. describe an experiment to find radius of the curvature of the lens by Newton’s ring method.

7. explain the interference pattern formed by air wedge.

8. describe an experiment to find thickness of a wire using air wedge method.

9. define diffraction.

10. describe the theory of grating.

11. determine the wavelength of light using transmission grating (Normal incidence).

12. explain the principle of LASER.

13. explain the working of He – Ne LASER.

UNIT II: ELECTRICITY


1. define electrostatics.

2. state coulomb’s inverse square law .

3. define electric field intensity and electric potential

4. state Gauss law and its applications.


6. define the capacitance of a capacitor and give the unit of capacitance.

7. derive the expressions for the capacity of a spherical capacitor.

8. derive an expression for the energy stored in a capacitor.

9. prove mathematically that there is always loss of energy when two capacitors

share their charges.

UNIT III: ELECTROMAGNETISM


1. state the laws of electromagnetic induction.

2. define self induction.

3. deduce mathematical expression for the self inductance of a long solenoid.

4. derive an expression for the coefficient of coupling in terms of coefficient of

self induction and mutual induction.

5. explain the theory & experiment to determine the coefficient of self induction of a coil by

Anderson’s method.

6. explain the experiment to determine the coefficient of mutual induction by Rayleigh’s

method.

7. explain how current grows in a circuit containing L and R

8. explain how current decays in a circuit containing L and R.

9. explain how charge grows in circuit containing C and R.

10. explain how charge decays in circuit containing C and R.

UNIT IV: ANALOG ELECTRONICS


1. explain P type and N type semiconductors.

2. explain the formation of P-N junction.

3. explain the action of a p-n junction in the forward and reverse bias conditions.

4. study experimentally the forward and reverse bias characteristics of a junction

diode and represent it graphically.

5. study experimentally the forward and reverse bias characteristics of a zener

diode and represent it graphically.

6. explain the working of a Zener regulator.

7. explain the action of a junction diode as a rectifier

8. explain the working of a full wave bridge rectifier

9. explain the action of a transistor.

10. explain the characteristics of a transistor in CE configuration.

11. explain the action of a transistor as an amplifier.

UNIT V: DIGITAL ELECTRONICS


1. write the numbers in decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal number system

2. convert decimal numbers (both integral and fractional) to binary numbers.

3. convert binary numbers ( both integral and fractional ) to decimal numbers.

4. perform binary addition, binary subtraction and binary multiplication.

5. draw the symbol and truth table for AND,OR,NOT gates

6. explain the rules of Boolean Algebra (OR laws, AND laws|& laws of complementation).

7. prove the different Boolean identities.

8. simplify the Boolean equations.

8. state and prove De Morgan's theorems.

9. explain NAND and NOR as Universal Gate.

10 explain the working of half adder and full adder .

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), TIRUCHIRAPPALLI

B.Sc., PHYSICS - SEMESTER – VI

MAJOR ELEECTIVE 3: COMMUNICATION PHYSICS


CODE: U15PH6MET04

UNIT I:RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEM


1. define amplitude, frequency and phase modulation.

2. analyze amplitude modulated wave.

3. describe carrier suppression process.

4. describe the generation of single side band signals.

5. define detection.

6. explain the action of crystal detector.

7. describe the action of simple receiver.

8. describe the action of superheterodyne receiver.

9. analyze the filter method.

10. explain FM modulation.

11. working of FM station.

UNIT II:MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION


1. identify the microwave region in the electromagnetic spectrum.

2. explain the generation of microwaves.

3. explain the principle and working of the Klystron oscillator.

4. describe the PAL colour receiver.

5. describe fundamentals of CRT and LCD.

6. explain how the picture signal is converted into electrical image in the

image orthicon.

7. describe the working of image orthicon.

8. explain the process of interlaced scanning.

9. explain the TV transmission and TV reception using block diagram.

10. explain the action of Radar using block diagram.

11. mention the applications of Radar.

UNIT III:SATELLITE COMMUNICATION


1. state Kepler’s three laws.

2. mention the types of orbits for satellites.

3. describe the geostationary orbit.

4. explain the need for station keeping.

5. define station keeping.

6. mention the different factors contributing to the path loss.

7. calculate the height of the geostationary orbit.

8. define satellite attitude.

9. explain the working of the earth station using block diagram.

10. explain the working of the satellite using block diagram.

11. list out the Indian satellites Launched.

UNIT IV:FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION


1. describe the structure of a fiber used for communication.

2. discuss the principles of light transmission in a fiber.

3. explain total internal reflection.

4. explain the propagation of light within the fiber.

5.define acceptance angle.

6. discuss numerical aperture.

7. differentiate step index fiber and graded index fiber.

8. list the losses in fiber.

9. describe the light sources used in optical communication system.

10.describe photo diode and avalanche photodiode.

11.mention the advantages of fiber optic communication system.

UNIT V: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS


1. discuss pulse amplitude modulation.

2. explain pulse width modulation.

3. explain pulse position modulation.

4. discuss time division multiplexing

5. discuss frequency division multiplexing

6. explain wireless communication systems

7. discuss various applications of communication systems.

8. explain the working of cell phone.

9. explain the importance of internet.

10. discuss GPRS.

11. explain the working of Bluetooth


DEPARTMETNT OF PHYSICS

B.Sc., PHYSICS (SHIFT I & II) - SEMESTER VI

MAJOR CORE 11-SOLID STATE PHYSICS


CODE: U15PH6MCT13

UNIT I: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND NANOMATERIALS


1. explain the formation of bonds in solids.

2. classify the chemical bonds as primary and secondary bonds.

3. account for the formation of ionic,covalent, metallic, van der Waal’s and hydrogen bonds and

give

examples for the same.

4. state the properties of various bonds.

5. bring out the differences between ionic and covalent bonds.

6. define the terms lattice points, space lattice, unit cell and Lattice parameters of a unit cell .

7. identify a crystal system using lattice parameter

8. define Miller indices and give the procedure for finding Miller indices.

9. sketch the crystal planes for cubic crystals.

10. explain the crystal structure for simple, body centered and Face centered cubic crystals.

11. calculate the interplanar distance for simple cubic, face centered and body centered cubic

crystals.

12. define and calculate the atomic radius for cubic crystals

13. explain X-ray diffraction methods for determining the crystal structure.

14. derive Bragg’s law of X-ray diffraction .

15. explain Laue method for determination of crystal orientation.

16. explain the powder crystal method used in the study of Crystal Structure.

17. understand the fundamentals of nanomaterials.

18. state the properties of nanomaterials.

19. explain the methods of synthesis of nanomaterials by plasma arcing, chemical vapour

deposition,

electrodeposition and ball milling methods.

20. list some important applications of CNT’s.

UNIT II CONDUCTORS


1. explain the postulates of free electron theory.

2. explain the merits and demerits of free electron theory.

3. state Wiedemann-Franz law.

4. prove the failure of classical theory to explain the variation of specific heat capacity with

temperature.

5. explain Einstein’s theory of specific heat capacity.

6. derive an expression for specific heat capacity according to Debye’s model.

7. prove that Debye’s model is more realistic than Einstein’s model.

8. describe the Quantum theory of free electrons in metals.

9.define Fermi distribution function.

10.discuss the effect of temperature on Fermi Function.

11.derive the density of energy states.

12.explain the carrier concentration in metals.

UNIT III DIELECTRIC MATERIALS


1. define electric polarization, dielectric constant and dielectric susceptibility.

2. obtain the relation between (i) dielectric constant and susceptibility and (ii) polarization vector

and displacement vector.

3. explain the phenomenon of polarization in dielectrics.

4. discuss in detail the various polarization mechanisms in a dielectric material

5. explain the frequency & temperature dependence of various types of polarizabilities.

6. distinguish between polar & non-polar molecules.

7. define internal field and derive the expression for internal field and hence, derive the Clausius-

Mossotti equation.

8. define dielectric loss and loss angle.

9. show that the imaginary part of the dielectric constant is responsible for dielectric loss.

10.explain the spontaneous polarization.

11. explain ferroelectricity.

12. understand the production of electrets.

13. list out the uses of electrets.

UNIT IV MAGNETIC MATERIALS


1. define magnetic field intensity, magnetic susceptibility, magnetic permeability

and give the relations connecting them.

2. classify the magnetic materials into different types and give examples of each.

3. explain Langevin’s theory of diamagnetism and paramagnetism.

4. state Curie’s law of ferromagnetism.

5. explain Weiss’s theory of ferromagnetic materials

6. explain the domain theory of ferromagnetism.

7. list the general properties of dia, para and ferromagnetic materials.

8. discuss the B-H Curve.

9. define and explain hysteresis and energy losses in magnetic materials.

UNIT V SUPERCONDUCTORS


1. define superconducting material.

2. explain BCS theory of super conductors.

3. explain Meissner effect.

4. know the meaning of Cooper pairs.

5. explain the properties of super conductors.

6. differentiate between type I and type II super conductors.

7. define coherence length.

8. define Flux quantization.

9. list some important applications of super conductors.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), TIRUCHIRAPPALLI-2.

B.Sc. PHYSICS - SEMESTER VI

MAJOR CORE 12: NUCLEAR, PARTICLE AND ASTROPHYSICS


CODE : U15PH6MCT14

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO THE NUCLEUS


1. classify nuclei based on the number of protons, electrons and neutrons

2. discuss the properties of proton and neutron

3. explain the models of nuclear structure

4. define isotopes, isobars, isotones and isomers

5. describe the general properties of nucleus

6. define and explain binding energy

7. explain the conditions for nuclear stability

8. explain the liquid drop model

9. derive Semi empirical mass formula

10. explain the Shell model

UNIT II: RADIOACTIVITY


1. explain how radioactivity is invented

2. list the properties of α, β and γ rays

3. distinguish between alpha, beta and gamma rays

4. define the range of alpha-particles

5. state and explain Geiger-Nuttal law

6. explain alpha particle spectra

7. state and explain the Soddy Fajan’s displacement Law of radioactivity

8. explain natural radioactive series

9. derive the laws of radioactive disintegration

10. derive expression for mean life of an radioactive element

11. define unit of radioactivity

12. derive the law of successive disintegration and discuss its two cases

13. apply the laws of radioactivity to find the age of earth

14. explain radioactive dating

UNIT III: NUCLEAR FISSION AND FUSION


1. explain the process of nuclear Fission

2. obtain the energy released in fission

3. explain Bohr and Wheeler’s theory of nuclear fission

4. describe the method of chain reaction

5. explain the function of atom bomb

6. describe the parts of nuclear reactors

7. explain the working of nuclear reactors

8. explain the process of nuclear fusion

9. explain the source of stellar energy

10. describe the thermonuclear reactions

11. explain the construction of hydrogen bomb

12. explain the amount of energy radiation during explosion

13. describe the controlled thermonuclear reactions

UNIT IV: PARTICLE PHYSICS


1. classify the elementary particles

2. list the elementary particles

3. give the quantum numbers related to elementary particles

4. explain the conservation laws

5. explain the symmetry in elementary particles

6. explain the Quark model

7. explain the basic ideas of quantum chromo dynamics

8. describe Higg’s boson, history of the Universe

9. predict the future of Universe

10. describe Dark matter

UNIT V: ASTROPHYSICS


1. describe the objects in the sky

2. explain the properties of microwave

3. describe the formation of stars

4. distinguish between neutron stars and black holes

5. explain the classification of supernovae

6. describe the etymology of galaxies

7. describe the nomenclature of milky way

8. explain the evolution of the solar system

9. describe the formation of the planets

10. define comets

11. describe planets and satellites

12. describe the classification of asteroids

13. describe the phenomenon of Meteorites

14. Find the unit of measurement like solar luminosity, solar radius and solar mass

parameter.


DEPARTMETNT OF PHYSICS

B.Sc.,(Physics with Specialisation in Electronics)

SEMESTER- VI: MAIN ELECTIVE – 3

APPLIED ELECTRONICS

CODE: U15PH6MET05


UNIT: I

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT FABRICATION:


1. explain the theory of monolithic integrated circuits

2. explain about the processes epitaxial growth, masking and etching

3. explain about the fabrication of integrated resistors

4. explain about the fabrication of integrated capacitors

5. explain about the fabrication of diodes

6. distinguish between different scales of integration

7. define large scale and medium scale integration

8. explain the printed circuit board fabrication

UNIT: II

JUNCTION DEVICES The student is able to

1. explain the construction and working of SCR

2. explain the phase control of SCR

3. explain the working of SCR as half wave rectifier , full wave rectifier and as switch

4. list out the applications of SCR

5. explain the construction, working and characteristics of Triac

6. explain the construction and working of diac

7. explain the construction and working of Uni- junction transistor

8. draw and explain the equivalent circuit of a UJT

9. explain the application of UJT as a relaxation oscillator.

10. explain the construction and working of depletion type MOSFET

11. explain the construction and working of enhancement type MOSFET

12. explain the characteristics of depletion type MOSFET

13.explain the characteristics of enhancement type MOSFET

14.differentiate between depletion type and enhancement type MOSFET

15.explain the function of MOSFET as a resistor

16. list the advantages of N-channel MOSFET over p-channel MOSFET

UNIT : III

OPTO ELECTRONIC DEVICES:


1. define optoelectronic devices

2. explain spectral response of human eye

3. explain construction, working and application of LED

4. list and explain different LED structures

5. explain LCD plasma display

6. differentiate LED and LCD display

7. classify the three types of photoelectric devices(photoemissive, photoconductive & photo

voltaic)

8. explain the construction and working of photo emissive devices

9. explain the construction and working of photo multiplier tube

10. explain the construction and working of photo transistor

11. explain the construction and working of photo voltaic devices

12. explain the construction and working of bulk type photoconductive cells

13. explain the working of photo diode

14. explain different photo detector materials

15. explain the steps to reduce the noise in photo detector

UNIT : IV

SPECIAL DIODES AND DISPLAYS


1. explain tunneling effect

2. draw and explain the tunnel diode characteristics

3. explain the working of tunnel diode oscillator

4. explain the working of Varactor diode

5. explain the working of Schottky diode

6. explain the working of step recovery diode

7. explain about Thermistors

8. explain about Gunn effect

9. explain the display of numerical numbers in seven segment display

10. explain the function of diode matrix

11. convert BCD system to decimal read out using diode matrix

UNIT : V

TRANSDUCERS The student is able to

1. list out the basic requirements of a transducer.

2. classify the different types of transducers and explain their working.

3. classify the types of strain gauges

4. list out the applications of transducer .

5. explain the method to find the displacement using LVDT.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE, (AUTONOMOUS), TIRUCHIRAPPALLI - 2.

B.Sc., DEGREE EXAMINATION, SEMESTER – IV

ALLIED PHYSICS OPTIONAL PAPER – 4 BASICS OF ELECTRONICS


CODE: U15PH4AOT04

UNIT- I: SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS


1. define a semiconductor material.

2. differentiate P type and N type semiconductors.

3. explain the action of a PN junction in the forward and reverse bias conditions.

4. draw the characteristics of a junction diode .

5. determine the forward and reverse resistances from the characteristic curve of a junction

diode.

6. describe an experiment to draw the characteristics of a Zener diode .

7. explain Zener diode as a voltage regulator.

8. explain the action of bipolar junction transistor.

9. understand the transistor configurations.

10. explain the transistor characteristics in CE mode.

UNIT- II: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER


1. draw the block diagram of an op-amp.

2. define differential amplifier.

3. explain the function of differential amplifier.

4. define Common-mode rejection ratio.

5. list the characteristics of an op-amp.

6. define the virtual ground.

7. explain the working of inverting amplifier.

8. describe the working of non inverting amplifier.

9. describe the construction of the adder and subtractor using op-amp.

10. explain the functions of integrator and differentiator using op-amp.

UNIT III: COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS


1. state the laws of Boolean algebra.

2. draw the symbols of basic logic gates.

3. explain the function of logic gates using truth tables.

4. state and prove Demorgan’s theorems.

5. explain the working of NAND and NOR gates as universal gates.

6. simplify the Boolean expressions using karnaugh map (four variables).

7. explain the working of a half adder and full adder.

8. draw half subtractor circuit and explain its working.

9. discuss the function of Encoder.

10. explain the working of 3 to 8 of Decoder.

UNIT IV: FLIP FLOPS AND COUNTERS


1. describe the working of SR flip flop.

2. explain the function of JK flip flop.

3. explain the working of D and T flip flops.

4. define the modulus of a counter.

5. explain the working of the asynchronous decade counter using JK flip flops.

6. explain the working of shift registers.

7. analyze the functions of series and parallel shift registers.

8. analyze the functions of shift left and shift right registers.

UNIT - V: MICROPROCESSOR


1. explain the general architecture of microcomputer and microprocessor.

2. explain the basic concepts in memory.

3. classify the different types of memories.

4. explain the architecture of INTEL 8085.

5. explain the Instruction and data formats of 8085.

6. explain addressing modes.

7. write the programs of addition and subtraction using microprocessor 8085.

8. write the programs to find smallest and largest element of an integer array using

microprocessor 8085.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) ,TIRUCHIRAPPALLI

B.Sc., DEGREE EXAMINATION, SEMESTER –VI, APRIL 2018

PHYSICS WITH SPECIALIZATION IN ELECTRONICS

MAJOR CORE-12: COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS


CODE: U15PH6MCT15

UNIT I


1. explain the need for modulation.

2. explain the working of receiver.

3. explain the working of transmitter.

4. define amplitude modulation

5. analyze amplitude modulated wave.

6. describe the frequency spectrum of AM wave.

7. explain the action of AM transmitter.

8. define frequency modulation.

9. explain the Mathematical representation of FM wave.

10. describe the frequency spectrum of AM wave.

11. explain the methods of generation of FM wave.

UNIT II


1. describe a fiber

2. explain total internal reflection

3. give the principle of propagation of light within the fiber

4. differentiate between step index fiber and graded index fiber

5. derive the acceptance angle and Numerical Aperture in optical fibre

6. analyse the types of the fiber and the number of modes

7. draw the refractive index profile

8. draw the block diagram of fibre optical communication system

9. explain the construction and working of Temperature sensor

10. explain the construction and working of fibre optic endoscope

UNIT III


1.explain the basic principle of transmission and reception of Radar system with a block

diagram

2. derive Radar equation and compute maximum range of a radar set

3.describe radar scanning

4.explain pulsed radar system

5. discuss A- scope and plan position indicator

6. discuss the tracking radar and moving target indicator

7. define Doppler effect and MTI principle

8. describe the working of CW radar

9. explain the working of Frequency modulator CW radar

UNIT IV


1. explain mobile communication

2. explain GSM and mobile services

3. explain the system architecture of GSM.

4. explain the types of mobile services

5. explain the basic groups of logical channels

6. define protocol.

7. explain the protocol architechture.

8. define roaming

9. define facsimile transmission(FAX)

10. application of FAX

11.give the details of VSAT ( very small aperture terminals),Modem and IPTV (internet

protocol television)

12. basic concepts of Wi-Fi and 3G (basic ideas only)

UNIT V


1. define multiplexing.

2. name the types of broadband communication

3. explain the principle of time division multiplexing.

4. explain the principle of frequency division multiplexing.

5. describe ISDN

6. describe LAN

7. explain the types of topology.

8. define modem.

9. explain the basic concepts of satellite communication.

10. describe the process of uplink and downlink satellite communication.

holy cross college (autonomous), tiruchirappalli -...

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