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How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands? David Shaw Director, SNCC Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management Forestry and Natural Resources Extension College of Forestry Oregon State University

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Page 1: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

How Do I Know If I 

Have SNC In My Stands?

David ShawDirector, SNCCDepartment of Forest 

Engineering, Resources, and ManagementForestry and Natural Resources ExtensionCollege of ForestryOregon State University

Page 2: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?

• SNC in Context

• Is my stand at risk?

• On the ground/in the stand.

• Quantitative Estimates of Growth Impacts.

Photo ODF

Page 3: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

SNC in Context

• YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE!

• The fungus that causes Swiss Needle Cast is:

– Native to North America

– Common everywhere Douglas‐fir grows

– Only causes disease in certain geographic and stand settings

– Because it is everywhere, disease intensification depends on climaticconditions that interact with host. 

Page 4: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

Is My Stand At Risk?

• Aerial detection survey

• Disease distribution models

• Needle retention models

• Distance from coast

Page 5: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

Aerial Survey

Figures from Oregon Dept of Forestry

Page 6: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

Aerial Survey Data published annually on more detailed 1:100,000k maps (yellow is SNC): http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/nr/fid/as/quad09/index.shtml

Page 7: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

1996‐2007Aerial SurveyODF

Tillamook

Newport

Coos Bay

Florence

Salem

Eugene

Oregon Dept Forestry

Epidemiology:

Spring/SummerLeaf wetness

Dec, Jan, FebTemperature

DF plantations

Hansen et al. 2000Rosso and Hansen2003Manter et al. 2005

Sitka spruce –Hemlock Zone

Aerial Survey, ODF

Page 8: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

Predictive models are also available, such as this Needle Retention Map from Greg Latta

Figure 1. SNC Plot Location

Page 9: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

On the ground/in the stand

• Visible look of stand prior to budbreak in spring especially.  

• After budbreak, stand may green‐up until winter when begins to go chlorotic again.

Page 10: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

On the ground/in the stand: Visible symptoms

Page 11: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

Visible stand symptoms

Page 12: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

Visible symptoms of the stand

Page 13: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

Yellowing foliage (chlorosis)

Especially in spring before bud‐break

On the ground/in the stand

Page 14: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

On the ground/in the stand

– Yellowish

– Thin crown

– Lion’s tail effect on foliage distribution

Page 15: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

Poor foliageretention.

Page 16: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

12 3

Healthy Foliage Retention

Years

Page 17: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The
Page 18: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

On the ground/in the stand: 10x/hand lens

Photo Stone/Hansen lab

• Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii.

• Reproductive structures on underside of the needles

Page 19: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

pseudothecia

Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii

pseudothecia

Photos Stone/Hansen lab

Page 20: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

Rhabdocline Needle Castcaused by: Rhabdocline species

FYI: The Other Foliage Disease of Doug fir

Page 21: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

Rhabdocline Needle Castcaused by: Rhabdocline species

Page 22: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

• Rhabdocline spores are released when flaps of leaf epidermis fold back on either side of the midrib.

• Symptoms seen late spring, then leaf falls off.

John W. Schwandt, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

Page 23: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

On the ground/in the stand

• 10x/hand lens characteristics

• Pseudothecia mature in May/June/July, best seen then.  Late summer and fall may not appear.

• Impacts of disease is rare if pseudothecia are not present on 2 or 3 yr old needles.

• i.e. if pseudothecia are appearing on one‐yr old needles that would be a bad thing.

Page 24: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

Meaured Estimates of Growth Impacts Are Essential

• Permanent plots in your stand are a great way to keep track of growth.

• Stand assessments can be made by cruising and increment coring trees to determine past basal area growth.

• Must take into account density and site index, age etc, so use a growth model like ORGANON to estimate normal growth.  

• Disease impacts are estimated based on deviation from normal.

Page 25: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

WE DO NOT RECOMMEND SPECIALIZED MANAGEMENT ACTION UNLESS A QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATE OF GROWTH IMPACTS IS KNOWN!!!

SNC affected, note greater proportion of latewood

Page 26: How Do I Know If I Have SNC In My Stands?sncc.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/2010Workshop_Shaw_how.pdfSNC in Context • YOU CAN FIND P. gaeumannii EVERYWHERE! • The

Spreadsheet based tool.

Developed by OSU and Oregon Dept. of Forestry. 

Stand growth assessment tool if available at the SNCC website:http://www.cof.orst.edu/coops/sncc/index.htm