how to write report.pptx

8/11/2019 How to write Report.pptx

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How to WriteAn Academic Report

Nurul Hamiruddin Salleh, PhD

Some of this contents from Tomas Maul


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Structure

Front matters (Report Cover)

Title course

Semester & Session

Title of study

Name of Author(s)

Date


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Structure

Front matters

Acknowledgements: Who helped?

Table of Contents & Page No

- Introduction

- Contents / Chapters

- Conclusions

- References

List of Tables

List of Figures


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Structure

Body of the report

Introduction: What did you study?

Study Findings: What did you find?

Conclusions: What should be remembered?

End matters

References: Whose work was referred to?

Recommended: Harvard referring system

http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm

Appendices: Extra information
http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htmhttp://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm


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Acknowledgements

Thank all who have directly contributed to the

work

Thank any sponsoring organisation Thank any lecturer/ tutor/ reviewer/

proofreader


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Introduction

Provides background information

- Objective of study

- Scope of study

- Duration of study

- Methods of study e.g. literature review, etc.


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Study Findings

Purely objective

Only facts No opinions or interpretations!

Text Provides clarifying information

Guides readers through tables and figures

Appropriate font size Standardised font style


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Figures

Figures

Put caption BELOWthe figure

Number the figures sequentially

Include the figure immediately after the firstreference to it in the text (unless page layoutdoes not permit)


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Figure 1.1: Map of Malaysia(Source: Google, 2009)


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Figure 2.3: The National Heritage plaque (Left) and the Heritage

plaque (Right)

(a) (b)

Figure 4.2: Examples of architectural style in Malaysia: A traditional

Malay architecture of the Kuala Kangsar Royal Museum (a), The

Portuguese architecture of a Farmosa in Melaka (b)


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Tables

Tables

Label all columns

Put caption ABOVEthe table

Number the tables sequentially

Include the table immediately after the first

reference to it in the text (unless page layout

does not permit)


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Year Events

1976 The establishment of the Antiquities Act (Act 168).

1983 The Malaysia Heritage Trust (BWM) was established.

1988 was accepted to the UNESCOsWorld Heritage Convention on the 7 thof December 1988.

1980s- 1990sRestoration of Gedung Raja Abdullah, Istana Tengku Long, saving the demolition of Majestic,

restoring Central Market into a cultural market.

2006On the 1stof March 2006, the National Heritage Act (Act 645) came into force and the Department

of National Heritage was established.

2007 50 objects were declared as National Heritage on the 6thof July 2007.

2008Melaka and George Town were jointly listed as a World Heritage Site known as Melaka and

George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malaccaon the 7thof July 2008.

2009 173 objects were declared as National Heritage on the 14thof February 2009.

Table 4.3: Important events in the cultural heritage conservation of Malaysia

(Source: Tourism Malaysia (http://www.tourism.gov.my), 2009)
http://www.tourism.gov.my/http://www.tourism.gov.my/


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Style

Paragraph

One idea per paragraph

Min. 3 sentences per paragraph

First sentence of paragraph is main idea

Rest of paragraph defines the idea

Use short sentences

Tense Passive

Avoid use of pronouns (I, we, you, )


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Style

Numbering

Number all pages

Number all headings

Hierarchical numbering of headings

Spacing-e.g.1/ 1.5 / 2 spacing

Use formal and impersonal language

Use a consistent style


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Conclusions

What do you want the reader to remember?

Summary of study

Should be self-contained (no references) Typically 2-3 paragraphs (1 idea per

paragraph)


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References

All statements, ideas, figures, tables of others should be

referenced

Cite current AND recent publications

Reference only the works that you have actually read Should be clear enough for the reader to locate it

Format Harvard referencing system e.g.

http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm
http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htmhttp://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm


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References

Refereed journals are better than conference papers

Conference papers are better than Web sites

Try to avoid Web sites

They are not reviewed

They are transient

try to locate similar information in regular literature

Encyclopedias, textbooks, lab sheets are poor

references

Wikipedia is not accepted academically

Review articles are particularly valuable


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Appendices

Additional material that is only meant fortechnical reading

Non-essential to comprehension

Further clarify report

Each appendix should contain differentdata/information

Appendices should be referred to in the text


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General recommendations

Be as briefas possible

Removeunnecessary words, sentences,

paragraphs

Proofreadand let it be proofread

A good report should demonstratecomprehension, not just state facts


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General recommendations

The main purpose is to convey information

Dont try to entertain

Good presentation is less important than sound

technical content

Follow the imposed format right from the

beginning

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