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Chapter 4 Sec. 2 Changes of State
Cameron Keehley
Chris Day
Xavier Alfaro
Dylan Van Note
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Changing States of Matter- Brainpop
• https://jr.brainpop.com/science/matter/changingstatesofmatter/
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Thermal Energy
• Energy- ability to do work or cause change .
• Kinetic Energy- energy of motion. An object with more kinetic energy, the particles move faster and farther apart. An object with less kinetic energy, the particles move slower and stay closer together.
• Thermal Energy- total kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles. The warmer the substance, the more thermal energy.
• Temperature- average kinetic energy of individual particles.
• Thermal=Total/ Temperature=Average
• Heat- movement of thermal energy from higher temperature to lower temperature
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Specific Heat• Amount of heat required to raise temperature of a 1g of a substance 1 Degrees Celsius
•Metals and sand have low specific heat. Water has a high specific heat.
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Changes Between Solid & Liquid States
• Change of State- matter can change states when thermal energy is absorbed of released. Amorphous solids get softer when heated.
• Melting- change from solid to liquid.
• Melting Point- temperature at which change occurs.
• Freezing- change from liquid to solid. Liquids cool, particles slow, crystals form
• Freezing Point- temperature at which change happens.
• Particles in liquids have more energy than particles in solids
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Changes Between Liquid & Gas States
•Sublimation- surface particles gain enough energy to become a gas.
•Dry Ice- When dry ice becomes gas, it absorbs thermal energy from water vapor.
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Changes Between Liquid & Gas States
• Vaporization- change from liquid to gas.
• Temperature has no change. Substance gains thermal energy. Particles move faster and turn into gas. It takes place below surface of liquid.
• Water boils at 100 Degrees Celsius
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Location of Molecules
• Faster particles evaporate, slower particles stay
• Perspiration- cooling effect
• Condensation- change of matter from gas to liquid
• Temperature doesn’t change. There is a decrease in energy.
• Condensation shows up on outside of glass.
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Follow-Up