HumanismHumanismKimberley A. ClowKimberley A. Clow

kclow2@uwo.cakclow2@uwo.cahttp://instruct.uwo.ca/psychology/257e-570http://instruct.uwo.ca/psychology/257e-570

Office Hour: Thursdays 2-3pmOffice Hour: Thursdays 2-3pmOffice: S302Office: S302

OutlineOutline

Setting the StageSetting the Stage HumanismHumanism PhenomenologyPhenomenology RogersRogers

– CongruenceCongruence– Client-Centered TherapyClient-Centered Therapy

MaslowMaslow– Hierarchy of NeedsHierarchy of Needs– Self-ActualizersSelf-Actualizers

Setting the StageSetting the Stage

HistoricallyHistorically– After World War IIAfter World War II– IndustrializationIndustrialization

Psychological TheoriesPsychological Theories– PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysis– BehaviourismBehaviourism

Societal IssuesSocietal Issues– People being replaced by machinesPeople being replaced by machines– Irrational, negative human behaviourIrrational, negative human behaviour

HumanismHumanism

Philosophical Philosophical movement that movement that emphasized the emphasized the worth of the worth of the individual and the individual and the centrality of centrality of human valueshuman values

PhenomenologyPhenomenology

Reality is subjectiveReality is subjective– Measuring empirical truth Measuring empirical truth

misses out on the misses out on the experience of the individualexperience of the individual

– Personal experience is Personal experience is everythingeverything Who does this remind you of?Who does this remind you of?

IntrospectionIntrospection– Trained participantsTrained participants– Studied sensations & Studied sensations &

memorymemory

Phenomenological RealityPhenomenological Reality

Person-Centered TherapyPerson-Centered Therapy

Striving for self-Striving for self-actualizationactualization– Conditions of Worth interfereConditions of Worth interfere

Supportive emotional Supportive emotional environment that facilitates environment that facilitates self-actualizationself-actualization– GenuinenessGenuineness– EmpathyEmpathy– Unconditional Positive RegardUnconditional Positive Regard– RespectRespect

Carl Rogers

Development of SelfDevelopment of Self

Blush TestBlush Test– Development of self-Development of self-

conceptconcept Organismic Valuing Organismic Valuing

ProcessProcess– What does this What does this

remind you of?remind you of?

Conflicting SelvesConflicting Selves

DefencesDefences

IncongruityIncongruity– Leads to threatening Leads to threatening

situationsituation– Threatening situation Threatening situation

causes anxietycauses anxiety– Anxiety signals our Anxiety signals our

defencesdefences TypesTypes

– DenialDenial– Perceptual DistortionPerceptual Distortion

Roger’s in a Nutshell

Fully Functioning PersonFully Functioning Person

Humans have a natural tendency to Humans have a natural tendency to move toward becoming a fully move toward becoming a fully functioning personfunctioning person– Openness to ExperienceOpenness to Experience– Existential LivingExistential Living– Organismic TrustingOrganismic Trusting– Experiential FreedomExperiential Freedom– CreativityCreativity

Client-Centered TherapyClient-Centered Therapy

Communicating one-on-Communicating one-on-oneone– IntrospectionIntrospection– Self-disclosureSelf-disclosure– Reflected feelingsReflected feelings

TechniquesTechniques– ListeningListening– AcceptingAccepting– RespectingRespecting– UnderstandingUnderstanding– RespondingResponding

Stages of TherapyStages of Therapy Clients progress through multiple Clients progress through multiple

stages in the therapeutic relationshipstages in the therapeutic relationship– Communicate about external thingsCommunicate about external things– Talk about feelingsTalk about feelings

Don’t own themDon’t own them– Self is objectified and stuck in pastSelf is objectified and stuck in past– Experiences feelings in presentExperiences feelings in present

Associated with distrust & fearAssociated with distrust & fear Later embracedLater embraced

– Acceptance of self and feelingsAcceptance of self and feelings– Trusts new experiencesTrusts new experiences

Relates to others openly & freelyRelates to others openly & freely

JokeJoke Patient to Rogerian therapistPatient to Rogerian therapist

– Patient: I'm really depressed.Patient: I'm really depressed.– Therapist: I see. Yes. You are depressed.Therapist: I see. Yes. You are depressed.– P: Nothing is going well.P: Nothing is going well.– T: Nothing well.T: Nothing well.– P: I feel like killing myself.P: I feel like killing myself.– T: You're thinking of killing yourself.T: You're thinking of killing yourself.– P: Yes, I'm going to do it NOW.P: Yes, I'm going to do it NOW.– T: You want to do it now.T: You want to do it now.– P: [Jumps out window.]P: [Jumps out window.]– T: Whoosh. Splat. T: Whoosh. Splat.

Self-ActualizationSelf-Actualization

Innate process by Innate process by which a person tends which a person tends to grow spiritually to grow spiritually and realize their full and realize their full potentialpotential– RogersRogers

goal of lifegoal of life

– MaslowMaslow one of many goalsone of many goals

Hierarchy of NeedsHierarchy of Needs

Self-Actualized PeopleSelf-Actualized People

MotivationsMotivations

Self-Actualizers have a Self-Actualizers have a qualitatively different qualitatively different lifelife– Being MotivationsBeing Motivations– (B-motives)(B-motives)

Inner growth Inner growth

Everyone elseEveryone else– Deficiency MotivationsDeficiency Motivations– (D-motives)(D-motives)

Need Directed PerceptionNeed Directed Perception

Abraham Maslow

Metaneeds & Metaneeds & MetapathologiesMetapathologies

TruthTruth GoodnessGoodness BeautyBeauty UnityUnity AlivenessAliveness UniquenessUniqueness PerfectionPerfection CompletionCompletion

JusticeJustice SimplicitySimplicity ComprehensivenesComprehensivenes

ss EffortlessnessEffortlessness PlayfulnessPlayfulness Self-SufficiencySelf-Sufficiency MeaningfulnessMeaningfulness