Traits – Cattell & Eysenck

Kimberley A. Clow

kclow2@uwo.cahttp://instruct.uwo.ca/psychology/257e-570

Outline

Cattell– Bio– Different Types of Data– Different Types of Traits– 16 Personality Factors

Eysenck– Bio– Temperaments– Hierarchical Structure– Biology

Cattell

Born in England– 9 years old through WWI

Education– B.Sc in Chemistry & Physics– PhD in Psychology

Studied with Spearman– Intelligence & factor analysis

Moved to States– Worked with Allport at Harvard

Applied factor analysis to personality Began idiographic research

Different Types of Data

L Data = Life Record Data

Q Data = Personality Questionnaires

T Data = Objective Tests

Different Types of Traits

Source Traits– Causes of behaviour

Lead to surface traits

– Causes Constitutional vs. Environmental-Mould Traits

– Types Ability Traits Temperament Traits Dynamic Traits

– Ergs– Metaergs

16 Personality Factors

Global Factors Low High

Extraversion Introverted, socially inhibited Extraverted, social participant

Anxiety Low anxiety, relaxed, imperturbable, well-adjusted

High anxiety, tense, perturbable, histrionic

Tough-Mindedness / WillpowerReceptive, open-minded, intuitive, emotionality, feeling

Tough-minded, resolute, non-empathetic, determined

Independence Accommodating, agreeable, selfless, subdued

Independence, persuasive, wilful

Self-Control Unrestrained, impulsive, uncontrolled Self-controlled, inhibitory of impulses

Global Factors

Low High

Extraversion

Introverted, socially inhibited

Extraverted, social participant

Anxiety

Low anxiety, relaxed, imperturbable, well-adjusted

High anxiety, tense, perturbable, histrionic

WillpowerReceptive, open-minded, intuitive, emotionality, feeling

Tough-minded, resolute, non-empathetic, determined

Independence

Accommodating, agreeable, selfless, subdued

Independence, persuasive, wilful

Self-Control

Unrestrained, impulsive, uncontrolled

Self-controlled, inhibitory of impulses

Development of Personality

Sentiments and attitudes develop through learning– Classical conditioning– Operant conditioning– Structured learning

Childhood– Birth order

Group affiliations

Eysenck

Born in Germany– Left during Nazi occupation

Moved to England– Served as a psychologist in an

emergency hospital during WWII– Trained in clinical psychology in the

States Developed negative view of

psychoanalysis

Studied Thurstone’s work on factor analysis in undergrad

Answer the following – 5=Very Much; 1=Not At All1. Do you have many different hobbies? E2. Do you stop to think things over before doing

anything? P3. Does your mood often go up and down? N4. Are you a talkative person? E5. Would being in debt worry you? P6. Do you ever feel "just miserable" for no reason? N7. Do you lock up your house carefully at night? P

8. Are you rather lively? E9. Would it upset you a lot to see a child or animal

suffer? P10. Do you often worry about things you should not have

done or said? N11. Can you usually let yourself go and enjoy yourself at

a lively party? E12. Are you an irritable person? N13. Do you enjoy meeting new people? E14. Do you believe insurance plans are a good idea? P15. Are your feelings easily hurt? N

Remember the 4 Humours

Four Temperaments

Three Dimensions

Hierarchical Structure

Acts/Behaviours

Habits

Traits

Factor

Biology

Extraversion based on cortical arousal

Neuroticism based on activation of Sympathetic Nervous System

Psychoticism related to increased testosterone levels