HVA ER EGENTLIGKUNSTIG INTELLIGENS?20 September

Lukas Bach

Artificial Intelligence is?

"the science of building computer programs that aim to perform tasks that require some intelligence if they were human beings"

2

Where do we meet AI everyday

3

FiltersSearch engines

Media suggestions

Assistants Online shopping

vs

Machine versus man

4

vs

Weak vs. Strong AI

• There have been warnings

• Siri and Alexa could be considered AI, but generally, they are weak AI programs

• Supervised programming, looking for a pattern, classify and gives a predefined response.

• Cluster and associate, here there are no predefined answer to a command.

5

Digitalization – Digital transformation

Digitalization is about utilizing the possibilities that enabling technologies to provide in improving, renewing and creating new.

Hence, digitalization is not only regarding technology but also about the willingness and ability to change.

6

Digital21

Digitalization?

7

1

3

2

To digitizeThe process of converting analogue to digital data

DigitalizationThe process when an organization digitizes central parts of its business

Digital transformationThe effect of on an organization. New value chains and services.

http://www.google.no/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjo-pLk95_UAhUK3SwKHTVkDfsQjRwIBw&url=http://www.networkworld.com/article/3195107/data-center/the-first-step-in-a-digital-transformation-strategy.html&psig=AFQjCNFCl04htUF2EuCl2RYqvy3QITfmww&ust=1496519448064886https://www.google.no/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjwrJe6-Z_UAhVH_SwKHc-pDDMQjRwIBw&url=https://insights.samsung.com/2017/02/03/sensor-technology-delivers-enhancements-to-homeland-security/&psig=AFQjCNHGui6q9DqnU9xar994bN7Gw2Tpiw&ust=1496519931962368http://www.google.no/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjMhPrT-Z_UAhVBiCwKHWgSDPEQjRwIBw&url=http://youngtopublishing.com/2013/02/ypg-launches-ypg-digital/&psig=AFQjCNENG5Ab_dM-V9sQQLk_odSnaUs6Jg&ust=1496519998308508

Artificial Intelligence

Data

Technology

Analytics

Large volume of data are available

Data storage, governance and real time processing

Analytics moving from scientific to business environment

Why does this happen now?Three paradigm shifts at once

Levers of digitalization

9

Artificial Intelligence

Digital Twin

Digital Platforms

Big Data Mixed Reality

Autonomy

Connectivity

Sensors

IoT

Foundation ExploitationMethodologyAccessibility

Cyber Security ……

How can this be applied in the construction sector?

10

DigiBuild – fully digitalized building process

• Develop knowledge on what a fully digitalized building process implies.

• Develop a platform for seamless flow of information between stakeholders and systems.

• Develop a training tool to ease the training of different stakeholders during the transition.

11

Digital twin

Project management

Data platform

Business administration

SIGHT – 3D scanning on mobile devices

12

OptiSite

• Automatically generating site plans that optimize utilization and quality

• Realize full potential of undeveloped property

• Take advantage of a wide range of methods across the traditional boundary of AI

13

AI is a crossroad of multiple fields..

• Computer science

• Mathematics• Logics• Optimisation• Analysis• Probabilities• Linear algebra

• Cognitive sciences

• ….

• Domain expertise

.. and there are several types of AI

Planning, Scheduling, & Optimization

Machine Learning

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Speech

Expert Systems

Robotics

Vision

Deep Learning

Classification & Clustering

Information extracting

Translation

Deep Learning

Predictive analysis

Deep Learning

Predictive analysis

Artificial Intelligence

(AI)

Predictive analysis

14

Artificial Intelligence (AI)• A program that can sense, decide, act and

adapt

Machine Learning:• A way of achieving AI• Algorithms whose performance improve as

they are exposed to more data

Deep Learning• Subset of machine learning • Multi-layered neural networks learn from vast

amounts of data15

AI - Machine learning – Deep learning?

Machine learning

All machine learning have a two step approach:

1. Learning phase: Using input data to identify parameters best describing task at hand

2. Inference phase: Take learned parameters as input to perform task

16

Cat

Dog

Bird

vs

17

Main types of machine learning

• Learn mapping from input to output

• Tagged training set

• Only given input• No "correct" answer

provided• No tagged data

• Learning through trial and error with rewards and punishments

• Hybrid between supervised and unsupervised

Supervised learning

Unsupervised learning

Reinforcement learning

1 2 3

Supervised learning

Classification Regression• Continuous output• Curvefitting

• Discrete output• One out of several options

1

Classification example: wolf or husky?

• BIAS: Importance of training the system with right data

• 5 of 6 correct –why is the system wrong in the last picture?

19

1

Unsupervised learning

20

• Unlabelled data without additional knowledge

• Goal: Find underlying structure in data, such as categories

• Example: find behaviour profiles from recorded activity without prior knowledge

2

Reinforcement learning• Adjust system behaviour based on a rewards and punishment

• Goal: Maximize expected future reward

21

AM finder film

1. S. Levine, C. Finn, T. Darrell, P. Abbeel. End-to-end training of deep visuomotor policies. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 17(1), January 2016, pp. 1334-1373

3

• Many methods already exist

• Off-the-shelf often not enough

• Develop new methods by combining data-driven and model based methods

• Industrial use cases

Challenges and possiblities

22

Technology for a better society

Algorithms: Neural Networks

”A neural network is an interconnected assembly of simple processing elements, units or nodes, whose functionality is loosely based on the animal neuron. The processing ability of the network is stored in the interunit connection strengths, or weights, obtained by a process of adaptation to, or learningfrom, a set of training patterns.”

Artificial neural networks are inspired by the human brain, which consists of around 100 billion neurons. A neuron can communicate by sending electric signals via the axon. This is received by other neurons connected to it in the network. Typically, each neuron receives many thousands of connections from other neurons, and is therefore constantly receiving a multitude of incoming signals, and based on the combination of income signals, the neuron will ”fire” or generate some response that it sends along the network.

Algorithms: Deep Neural Networks

Input Layer

Hidden Layers

Output Layer

Universal Approximation Theorem: The theorem thus states that simple neural networks can represent a wide variety of interesting functions when given appropriate parameters; however, it does not touch upon the algorithmic learnability of those parameters.

26

Big data – the 5 "V"s

• Volume: the vast amount of data

• Velocity: the speed at which new data is generated and the speed at which data moves around

• Value: the ability to use the data to generate value

• Veracity: the messiness or trustworthiness of the data

• Variety: the different types of data we can now use

Digitalisering gir store muligheter for BAE-næringen i Norge

• Digitalisering vil radikalt endre måten vi jobber, samhandler og kommuniserer på

• Her er det store muligheter for de somklarer å tenke nytt …

• …. og kanskje noen fallgruver for de somtror at ting vil forbli slik de er

• "Digitalt Veikart" bør gi et godtutgangspunkt for å knytte et langsiktigpotensial med tiltak som har effekt på kortsikt

Hva er egentlig kunstig intelligens? Artificial Intelligence is?Where do we meet AI everydayMachine versus manWeak vs. Strong AIDigitalization – Digital transformationDigitalization? Why does this happen now?�Three paradigm shifts at onceLevers of digitalizationHow can this be applied in the construction sector?DigiBuild – fully digitalized building process SIGHT – 3D scanning on mobile devicesOptiSiteAI is a crossroad of multiple fields..AI - Machine learning – Deep learning?Machine learningMain types of machine learningSupervised learningClassification example: wolf or husky?Unsupervised learningReinforcement learningChallenges and possiblitiesSlide Number 23Algorithms: Neural NetworksAlgorithms: Deep Neural NetworksBig data – the 5 "V"sDigitalisering gir store muligheter for BAE-næringen i Norge