ias 16 ontology dojo
TRANSCRIPT
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Ontology DojoLearn how to use ontology to define your information
and supercharge your deliverables
Name:Height:
Weight:Age:
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
DOJODO JITSU
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
What is Ontology?• Philosophical study of being and reality• “Ontology” has taken on two meanings:• Classical Ontology (a study of philosophy focused on the nature of
being)• Modern Applied Ontology (Using ontological theory to describe
things)
Ontology is a deliberate method of characterization
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Who Uses Ontology?
Information Architects
Librarians/Archivists/
Taxonomists
Philosophers Investigators/Law Enforcement
Geographers
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
History of Ontology
ParmenidesPlato &
Tom GruberJean Paul Sartre
Study of Existence Concrete vs Abstract Applied
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
From Classical to Modern Applied Ontology
• Describe things and their relationships to other things
• Model and document things• Facilitate finding things
Prove and describe existence of things.
Classical Modern
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
What is Modern “Applied Ontology”
• The description of a subject (The Ontology of…)• A methodology to incorporate into other practices• A set of tools to describe things and relationships
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
The bits and pieces of ontology
Objects Predicates Attributes
Name:Height:
Weight:Age:
Domains Class
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Limits must be placed on what is examined
“The ontology of…”
Domains
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Ontology IA/UX Comp Sci Business Library Science BOLODomain Scope Domain Scope • Subject
• Topic• Verticals• Stove Pipes
Domains
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Broad Narrow
Build
Borrow
USA
GE
TOPIC SCOPE
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
WALMARTINVENTORY
Healthcare
$ Finance
MICHIGAN WINES
Domains
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Objects
The difference between nothing and being
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Ontology IA/UX Comp Sci Business Library Science
BOLO
• Being• Object
• Object• Artifact
• Object• Entity• Vertex
EntityObjectArtifact
• Object• Artifact
• Nouns• Product• Things• Concepts
Objects
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Objects
• Interactions• Organization
• Life Cycle• Ownership
• Identification• Attributes
• Concrete• Abstract
Type Description
RelationshipsGovernance
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Concrete
• Does not have to be something you “touch”• Concrete objects can take action• Adheres to the laws of physics• Much easier to communicate and describe to
others
Objects
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Abstract
• May have to “invent” physics• Harder to describe due to perspective• May not be able to take action• Often reuse terms and concepts we are
familiar with.
Objects
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
On the edges
• Virtual objects can be hard to categorize• May be a matter of perspective• Interaction between abstract and concrete
objects can be interesting
Citizens United v. FEC (2010)
Objects
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
The actions among things
Predicates
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Ontology IA/UX Comp Sci Business Library Science BOLO
• Predicate• Link
• Relationship• Link
• Predicate• Edge
• Relationship• Link
• Relationship• Link
• Rule• Constraint
Predicates
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Ben reads bookthe
Action of one object on another
Predicates
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
HyponymHypernym
MeronymHolonym
Synonym Antinym
General Specific
Whole Part
Like Different
Predicates
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
IS A TYPE OF
Animal
Invertebrate
Insect
Crustacean
Vertebrate
Mammal
Reptile
Uses• Taxonomies• Card Sorting• Affinity Diagrams• Concept Map
Hypernym
Hyponym
Predicates
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
IS PART OF
Uses• Site Map• Content Inventory• Vin Diagram• Card Sort• Concept Map• Affinity Diagram
Meronym
Meronym
Meronym
Holonym
Predicates
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
IS PART OF
Example Part Type(1) The handle is part of the mug. Physical(2) The remote control is part of the stereo system. Collection(3) The left half is your part of the cake. Portion(4) The cutlery is part of the tableware. Set(5) The contents of this bag is only part of what I
bought. Unrelated Collection
(6) That area is part of the living room. Spatial(7) The outermost points are part of the perimeter. Location(8) The first act was the best part of the play. Temporal
Different Types of Parts
Predicates
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
IS LIKE
Uses• Thesaurus• Controlled
Vocabulary• Card Sort• Concept Map• Affinity Diagram
Predicates
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
TAXONOMIES
CONCEPT MAPS
SITE MAPS
AFFINITY MAPPING/CARD SORTS
Look for the lines
PredicatesPredicates are Everywhere
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Ben reads bookthebuysowns
PredicatesOther Predicates
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• Try to use predefined/ established predicates• May have to create abstract
objects• Make a legend/directory of your
predicates
Tammy PezFriend of
Tammy Pez
Friend-ship
Is a part of Is a
part
of
Is a Type ofIs a Part of
Is LikeIs not Like
Is a Type ofIs a Part of
Is LikeIs not LikePurchasesReviewsCreates
PredicatesOther Predicates
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Name:Height:
Weight:Age:
“Metadata liberates us, liberates knowledge.”
David Weinberger
Attributes
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Ontology IA/UX Comp Sci Business Library Science BOLOAttributes • Attributes
• Metadata• Attributes• Properties• Metadata
• Metadata• Properties
• Metadata • Characteristics• Descriptor• Descriptive data• Associative data
Name:Height:
Weight:Age:
Attributes
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• Captures characteristics• Almost endless data points can
be captured…know the scope of your project• Attributes/Metadata has evolved
tremendously over past 20 years
Name:Height:
Weight:Age:
Make: MG
Model: TD Midget
Body Style: Convertible
Color: Lt Brown
Era: Vintage
Make: MG
Model: TD Midget
Height: 53”
Length: 145”
Width: 59”
Make: MG
Model: TD Midget
Website: www.mg.co.uk
Description: The MG T series is a range of body-on-frame convertible sports cars that were…
Video:
Attributes
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Name:Height:
Weight:Age:
UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS
ID EVERYTHINGObjects
Predicates
Classes
Metadata
DeliverablesNotes
Clients
Attributes
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Name:Height:
Weight:Age:
UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS
Prefix Object Type
OBJ General Object
PSN Persona
TAX Taxonomy
PRD Predicate
OBJ-38 TAX-04
Attributes
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Ontology IA/UX Comp Sci Business Library Science BOLOClass • Class
• Group• Collection• Category
• Class• Group• Collection
• Class• Group• Collection• Category
• Class • Schema• Taxon
Classes
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
• When several object share one or more non-identifying attributes, they may makeup a class• Sales Manager is the class
in the example• The more attributes that
match, the more specific the class (North American Sales Manager
NAME: Alan Moore
OCCUPATION: Sales Manager
LOCATION: North America
SALARY: $88,000
NAME: Sara Whatley
OCCUPATION: Sales Manager
LOCATION: South America
SALARY: $93,000
NAME: Torey Joliet
OCCUPATION: Sales Manager
LOCATION: North America
SALARY: $82,000
Classes
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
• Allows to group similar objects together and then treat the collection of the objects as an object itself• Classes can have
metadata that applies to all objects in the class
Pants
Shirts
Tools
• Inseam• Waist
• Neck• Sleeve
• Dimensions• Material
Classes
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
“To be or not to be”
“I think therefore I am”
“The definition of ‘is,’ is”
Class/Predicate/Attribute Pitfalls
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Mammal
Is a type of
A Cat Maria
Mammal
Is a type ofClassInstance
Is a
Class/Predicate/Attribute Pitfalls
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Product
Clothes
Pants Shirts
North Face Solar Plaid
Tools
Hand
Hammer
Craftsman Power Impact
Power
Class/Predicate/Attribute Pitfalls
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Organization
Corporate Offices
Divisions
Branches
HR
Legal
Finance
Sections Teams
Offices
Field Offices
Franchises
Class/Predicate/Attribute Pitfalls
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Is a Part ofIs a Type of
HEIARCHIES (TAXONOMIES, SITE MAPS, AFFINITY DIAGRAMS)
Object
Object Object Object Object
ObjectObject
Object
Predicates(Is a Type of)(Is a Part of)
• Try to use one predicate type per diagram
• Mix predicates vertically
Deliverables
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
PERSONAS (ORGANAS, SPEC SHEETS….)
SusanThe Administrator
Location: Apps:
iControl
NetView
HRBase
Basic Intranet
Admin Stats~~~: xxxxxxx~~~: xxxx~~~: xxxxx
Description:Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam suscipit lacus sit amet eros vehicula sagittis. In in sapien turpis. Donec risus nisi, bibendum id tristique non, rutrum vitae.
Availability:
ContentKnowledge:
Training:
Investment:
P-12.AB20
Deliverables
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
SusanThe Administrator
Location: Apps:
iControl
NetView
HRBase
Basic Intranet
Admin Stats~~~: xxxxxxx~~~: xxxx~~~: xxxxx
Description:Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam suscipit lacus sit amet eros vehicula sagittis. In in sapien turpis. Donec risus nisi, bibendum id tristique non, rutrum vitae.
Availability:
ContentKnowledge:
Training:
Investment:
P-12.AB20
CLASS GLOBAL METADATA
CLASS METADATA
ID
PERSONAS (ORGANAS, SPEC SHEETS….)Deliverables
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
CONCEPT MAPS
Title (Domain)
Is a Part ofIs a Type ofUses
ObjectObject
Object
Object
ObjectPredicate
Predicate
Predicate
Predicate
Predicate
Attributes
Attributes
Attributes
Attributes
Attributes
Class
Deliverables
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Title (Domain)
Is a Part ofIs a Type of
Uses
ObjectObject
Object
Object
ObjectSystem Tools
Administrator
AnchorageOffice
iControl
XYZ Corp’s Intranet
HRBase
NetViewClass
Personnel
(Persona)
(Taxonomy)
(UI Wireframe)P-12.AB20
CONCEPT MAPS—TYING IT ALL TOGETHERDeliverables
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Low Fidelity• Initial Design• Rapid Design• Presentation
Sketching Tools Sticky Notes/Paper Listing Tools
Tools and Technologies
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
High Fidelity• Capture Metadata/Predicates/Classes• Actionable ( Development Ready) Designs• Record Keeping
Mind Mapping
CAD
Tools and Technologies
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
• Extensible Markup Language (XML)• Unified Modeling Language (UML)• Ontological Web Language (OWL)• Resource Description Framework (RDF)
Tools and Technologies
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
Ready to go out and
CLASS
First Day at Ontology Dojo
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
• The Accidental Taxonomist by Heather Hedden• OWL: Representing Information Using the Web Ontology Language by
Lee Lacy• Modeling Business Objects with XML Schema by Berthhold Daum• Being and Nothingness by Jean-Paul Sartre• Study of Mereology (parthood): http
://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mereology/ • National Center for Ontological Research NCOR: https
://ubwp.buffalo.edu/ncor/
Sources and Material
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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo
CopyrightThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.