ibs distributed antennas

8/16/2019 Ibs Distributed Antennas

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IN BUILDING SOLUTIONS (IBS) USING DISTRIBUTEDANTENNA

SYSTEM

1.INTRODUCTION

With the advent of new technologies, people using their

cellular device expect it to work

Everywhere They cannot afford a dead zone where the calls will be

dropped.

The two main factors for poor network or coverage area are an

expanding user base and

the raw materials used for building

construction.

These factors along with few others develop an area where no

coverage is possible.

A istributed Antenna !ystem "A!# alleviates both issues and

provide reliable coverage throughout

the building.


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The world is buzzing with mobile communications.!mart phone usage is booming.We have observed huge demands on the availablespectrum as a result of increase in the mobile applicationand data traffic.

$%& data and '(& voice traffic is generated indoor.)oor reception in officebuildings, parking garages and

airports can lead to missed calls, opportunities, andoss of revenue.

n this ever increasing competitive world, organization+s

viability, growth and longevity depends onemployee productivity and access to key decision makers.

usinesses and people need continuous,

seamless and robust wireless coverage. -ow/ualitysignals, dropped connections, and lack of

coverage decrease productivity and frustrate users. Toensure a workplace with comprehensive

l


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Wi r

and hence the ability to have vast

service coverage is paramount. When more usersaccess a network, distributed antenna system works

o increase the network capacity thus allowing thendividuals to continue with their conversation or

other work on the cellular device without any interruption.0owadays due to the increase in thenumber of green buildings, A! has become crucial. *ngreen building the lowE glass blocks the cell signals fromeaching its occupants.

Thus A! will enable a flawless cellular coverageransition


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Figure 1: Distributed Antenna System (DAS)


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when walking from outdoors into a building.

*n the figure given below123, a directional 4agi antenna is

installed on top of the building to

receive the carrier. !ince most of the buildings are made from glass whichblocks the signals, there isa need for this signal to be passed inside the building. Thus the signal from the 4agi anis given

to -ow loss coaxial cable which is then amplified by idirectional amplifier to overcoin

the cable. The amplified signal is given to service provider head end followed by fibe

hub. The main function of the distributer hub is to split the signals at each and everysignal

coming out of the hub is given to various broadband Wi5i ceiling antennas which are

each floor. Thus this antenna will radiate the signal and allow the cellular user to accemobile

device without any interruptions. *n this way the distributed antenna system helps tothe

coverage area efficiently.


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2.COMPONENTSUSED IN IBS

The components used in IBS are Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Splitters, Couplers, Cables and

Antennas.

2.1 Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

A base transceiver station(BTS) is a piece of euipment that facilitates !ireless communication bet!een user euipment ("#) and a net!or$. BTS contains the euipment for transmittin% and

receivin% radio si%nals (transceivers), antennas, and euipment for encryptin% and decryptin%communications !ith the base station controller (BSC) &'. A BTS is controlled by a parent BSC via theBase Station Control *unction (BC*).

Figure 2: Base Transceiver Station

2.1.1 Splitters

+* o!er splitters are reuired to split the Input +* o!er into - or ' or eual parts.

-/0ay Splitters operate in the freuency ran%e 123/-455 678. They have a split loss of 'dB and

an insertion loss of less than 5.'dB &.

Figure 3: -/0ay Splitter

'/0ay Splitters operate in the freuency ran%e 123/-455 678. They have a split loss of .3dB

and an insertion loss of less than 5.dB &.

Figure 4: '/0ay Splitter


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/0ay Splitters operate in the freuency ran%e 123/-455

678. They have a split loss of 1dB

and an insertion loss of less than 5.9dB &.

Figure 5: /0ay Splitter

2.1.2. Directional Couplers

A directional coupler provides couplin% of the main si%nal path to another si%nal based on thedirection of the si%nal propa%ation. These devices are used in IBS net!or$s to uneually split thesi%nal flo!in% in the mainline. Directional couplers operate in the freuency ran%e 123/-455678 &.

Figure 6: Directional Coupler

2.1.3. Antennas

There are t!o types of antennas used in IBS / :mnidirectional antennas and anel antennas.:mnidirectional antenna is a !ireless transmittin% or receivin% antenna that radiates or

intercepts radio freuency electroma%netic fields eually !ell in all hori8ontal directions in a flat,

t!o dimensional (-D) %eometric plane &9. The radiated po!er decreases !ith elevation an%le aboveor belo! the plane, droppin% to 8ero on the antennas a;is. +adiation pattern of omnidirectional antenna isdonutor torus shaped. :mnidirectional antenna has a %ain of -dBi.

Figure : :mnidirectional Antenna &1

anel antennas are hi%h performance directional antennas that are desi%ned for point to point and

point to multipoint directional !ireless applications. anel antenna has a %ain of 4dBi.


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Identification of potential buildin%s for IBS.

si%n Distributed Antenna system usin% passive < active elements.

epare complete dia%ram !ith each antennas #I+ (#ffective Isotropic +adiated

!er).

plementation of IBS solution !ith best professional !ay !ithout disturbin%

thetic of

buildin%.v. =:S < =in$ lannin% to connect site.

. +* parameter plannin%, +* !al$ test and call uality testin%.

The follo!in% are the challen%es that may be faced by the IBS system>

?/Type of environment / :pen layout, dense layout or mi;ed use.-/Buildin%s construction materials (Sheetroc$, bloc$, metal or concrete.

'/+* desi%n %oals (reuired stren%th of si%nal).

/Special application profiles (hospitals, corporate offices, hospitality, etc.)


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pes of Distributed Antenn Syste!"

here are many different approaches to how you can design

door coverage system with

niformly distributed coverage level6 passive distribution, ac

istribution, hybrid solutions,

epeaters or even distributed )ico cells "!mall 7ells# in the

uilding.

he main degrading effect from the passive systems is the hisses,

egrading the power level at the antenna points and increas

he base station noise figure on

he higher fre/uencies used for 89:;9. 89 and ;9 can perfo

eally high‐speed data transmission, but only if the radio link

uality is sufficient, and passive systems will to a large

xtent compromise the performance.

Another big concern with passive distributed antenna system

he lack of supervision.


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ypes of DistributedAntenn Syste!s

a cable is disconnected the base station willot generate any voltage standing wave ratio

hrough the passive distributed antenna system.>n the other hand, passive systems are relativelyasy to design6 and components and cablesre rigid and solid, if installed correctly. )assiveistribution systems can be installed in really

arsh environments, damp and dusty productionacilities, tunnels, etc., places where activeomponents will easily fail if not shielded fromhe harsh environment. )assive distributionystems can be designed so they perform at highata rates, even for indoor ;9 solutions butnly for relative small buildings, pro?ects whereou can design the passive distributionsystem with a low loss, short distances of coax.


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ssi#e Co!ponents

!7oax 7able

>bviously coax cable is widely used in all types ofistributed antenna systems, especially inassive systems. Therefore it is important to get the basisght with regards to cable types, andsses.

otal loss@ distance" m# attenuation per meter

Example7alculating the total longitudinal loss of B' m of C inch

2oax on C$(( Dz

total loss@ B'm (. C d:m@ B. 'd


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p$itters"

!plitters and power dividers are the most commonly used passivecomponents in distributedantenna systems, !plitters are used for splitting one coax line intotwo or more lines, and vice versa.

splitter loss@ C( log" no. of ports#F insertion loss

ExampleG

5or a CG8 splitter ,with insertion loss, typically about (.C d , the

attenuation will beGC( log" 8#F (. Cd @ ;. $' d

Taps/Uneven SplittersG Tap splitters are used like splitters, used todivide the signal:powerfrom one into two lines. The difference from the standard CG2 splitteris that the power is note/ually divided among the ports.


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Attenutors"

Attenuators attenuate the signal with the value of theattenuator. 5or example a C( d attenuator willattenuate the signal by C(d "port 2 C portattenuation#. Attenuators are used to bring higher power signalsdown to a desired range of operation, typical to avoid

overdriving an amplifier, or to limit the impact of noisepower from an active distributed antenna systemTypical standard attenuator values are C, 2, 8, B C(, C2,C$, 2(, 8( and ;( d. When you combine them, youcan get the desired value6 variable attenuators are alsoavailable, but typical only for low power signals.


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Du!!y %ods or Ter!intors"

Terminators are used as matching loads on the transmission lines, often on one port of a circulator, or any +open+ or unused portsother components.

CirculatorsGThe circulator splitter is a nonreciprocal component with low insertion loss in the forward direction "ports C2, 28 and 8C# and high

nsertion loss in the reverse direction "ports 2C, 82 and C8#.

Examples of Use

The circulator can be used to protect the port of a transmitter against reverse power from reflections caused by a disconnectedantenna or cable in the antenna system.

A 3dB Coupler (90° Hybrid)The 8d coupler are mostly used for combining signals from two signal sources. At the same time the coupler will split the twocombined signals into two output ports.

Example of Usef you need to combine two transmitters or two transceivers "T=Hs:T=Is#, you can use a 8 d coupler.

owever, if you need to combine the two transmitters and at the same time distribute the power to a passive distributedantenna system with several antennas.


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&i$ters"

When designing indoor solutions there are basically twotypes of filters that you will encounter,the duplexer and thediplexer or triplexerDu"#e$er:The duplexer is used to separate a combined TH:=H signalinto separate TH and =H lines.

Di"#e$er%Tri"#e$er GThe diplexer will separate or combine whole bands from orwith each other, for example, inputcombined 2C(( and C$((Dz and output separate 2C(( andC$((Dz bands. A three band version that can separate or combine J((,C$(( and 2C(( Dz is also available, called a triplexer.


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5&1 App$i'tions

6ore than ever, e;ecutives, clients, patients, and students rely on cellular services to !or$

indoors, as !ell as theyve come to e;pect outdoors. *rom conductin% business more efficiently, to

enhancin% a patients e;perience or improvin% customer responsiveness, cellular services need to

!or$ every!here, ma$in% the business case for enterprise mobility stron%er than ever

i& #nterprise> The stron% five/bar !ireless si%nal en@oyed outside often drops to one or t!o bars @ust

before enterin% a buildin%. Buildin% materials such as heavy steel and concrete, as !ell as lo!/ener%y %lass used in most structures, absorb or bloc$ radio si%nals, causin% such covera%e issues. By

deployin% IBS, enterprises !ill see covera%e enhancements throu%hout the buildin% re%ardless of the buildin% materials used, and !ill also reali8e unparalleled benefits.

ii& 7ospitals> As hospitals continue to adopt life/critical mobile applications to improve patient care,

increase care%iver productivity, and ma;imi8e operational efficiencies, IBS see$ reliable and fle;ibleindoor covera%e infrastructures !hich meet the hospitals e;istin% and future demands.

iii& 7ospitality> Deliverin% a !orld/class %uest e;perience today means offerin% innovative amenitiesand communications capabilities that %uests have come to e;pect !hen on the %o. 0hether travelin%on business or pleasure, %uests use their Smartphones to tal$, te;t, and surf the !eb, e;pectin% robustcellular covera%e throu%hout the venue. IBS enables lon% term investment protectin% for the future,

!ith ease of deployment today.

i'& ublic enues> =ar%e stadiums, airports, convention centers, and arenas service tens of thousands

of visitors every day. But its not @ust visitors and %uests !ho depend on reliable mobile voice and

data communications on %ame day. 6ore and more, cellular covera%e can>

Improve employee productivity

#nable delivery of premium I amenities and mobile applications

Drive revenues and help %uests stay connected#nsure security and %uest safety

(.2 Ad#nt)es

i.ii.iii.iv.

v.vi.

*ull mobile covera%e. Bolsterreliability. o aesthetic or deployment disruptions to the premises.6a;imum data performance.

Improved uality of service (no dropped calls, hi%h speed data connections).

"biuitous !ireless application access.


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Referen'es

&?

&- &' & &9

&1 &4 &3

&2

Distributed Antenna System / !!!.accu/tech.com

In Buildin% Distributed Antenna System / !!!.l/com.comBase Transceiver System / #a%le Telephonics. InBuildin% Solutions / SD Telecom.:mnidirectional Antennas / !!!.!hatis.techtar%et.com

+adio 0aves and 7ealth, In Buildin% Solutions(IBS) / #ricsson.In/Buildin% Solution / ++ B: Technolo%ies.The *undamentals of In/Buildin% 0ireless Solutions / ary oun%, Bicsi.

arveen Eumar and oonam ahlan, FA 6inimum rocess Synchronous Chec$pointin%Al%orithm for 6obile Distributed SystemF, International Gournal of Computer #n%ineerin% <Technolo%y (IGC#T), olume ?, Issue ?, -5?5, pp. 4- / 3?, ISS rint> 5241 / 1'14,

ISS :nline> 5241 / 1'49.


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&?5 6.eereshappa and Dr.S. 6ul%i, FDesi%n and Developmentof Triple Band

:minidirectional Slotted +ectan%ular 6icrostrip AntennaF, International Gournal of

#lectronics and Communication #n%ineerin% < Technolo%y (IG#C#T), olume ', Issue ?,-5?-, pp. ?4 / --, ISS rint> 5241/ 11, ISS :nline> 5241 /14-.

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