ican Friends Serv ice Committee

B O A R D OF DIRECTORS

Anna Brinton Henry J. Cadbury

C. Reed Cary J. Stokes Clement, Jr.

Lyra M. Dann William B. Edjietton

Eli~abeth B. Emlen Harold Evanr

William Ever, 3rd Anne 2. Forsythe

Thomas R. Hanrcy Byron Haworth

Willlam R. Huntington Robert James

Eric Warner Johnson Mary Hoxie Jones

J. Calvin Keene Cornelius KrusC

Edna Pusey Lem M. Albert Linton

William Morris Maier Caroline Biddle Malfn

Summer A. Mills S. Francis Nicholson

Henry H. Perry Delbert E. Replofile

John F. Rich D a v ~ d S. R ~ c h i e

Mary Middleton Rogers

Ruth Commons Simkin Claude C. Sm~tb

Horace R. Stubbs Howard G. Taylor

Howard M. Teaf Frederick R. Tolls

Norman J. Whitney John H. Wood, Jr.

Helen Gawthrop Worth Eleanor Zell iot

C O N T E N T S

3 THE SOURCES OF HOPE

5 SERVICE ABROAD

SERVICE AT HOME

1 2 1INTERNAT10NAL SERVICE

14 F INANCIAL INFORMATION

(Cover) Three generations in rural India look to a fresh hope reflected in the water from their new well. The father dug the

we11 and installed the pump with AFSC help. Now grandmother,

baby and all the family can enjoy pure water for the first time.

Photographs by Bannl~ht, Bcrger, Cartlc, Conant. Dcuignc, Hayes, Hays, John-

son, Neal, Noel, Prakesh. Rauhau, Roxnthal, Schick. SchIcmmrr, von Unruh. K'eissmann. Worth ; The Amcrlctn Friend. Thc National Counc~l of Churchtr.

AFSC RESPONDS Aid Rushed to Hungarian Refugees; Egyptian Homeless to Receive Help

The Committee had barely closed its books on the fiscal year 1955-1956, which is recorinted here, when the disastrous events in Eastern Europe and the Middle East placed new demands before it, Both areas are well known to the Committee through previous activities.

IMMEDIATE HELP AFSC staff in Austria had on hand 50,000

pounds of clothing and 75,000 pounds of U. S. government surplus foods, which they distrib- uted jmrnediately to Hungarian refugees who streamed into Vienna. Because the Committee is flexiljle in its operations, the staff w e w also a l l l ~ to purchase such suppIernentary supplies as warm underwear and stoves.

The Committee is grateful for those u n d ~ s - ignatecf contri3~1tjoris of money arid materials which enahled it to move quickly i n this u n - foreseen emergency.

PUBLIC RESPONSE In two months the Commi t t e~ has receivetl

more than ha l f of its special goal of $250,000 for emergency relief. In addition, over 500,000 pounds of supplies have heen givm to Hungarian I-efug~es. EigIlt American and oversea3 air l ir i~s have transported tons of AFSC goods ahroad without charge.

The Committee had sponsored a varietv nf programs i n Hungary folIowing World War II , including y u t h and child feeding, clothirig distrjbution and flood relief.

MIDDLE EAST SURVEY Early in Decernher a staff rnerntjer, who was

formerly a director of the AFSC program with A r a b refugees in the Gaza Strip and later of the village development program i n Jorrlan, was sent to Egypt, His mission was to investi-

TO NEW NEEDS

Quaker worker in Vienna disfribufes warm clothing to refugees.

gate the rleedii of ui~iliaiis retltiered homeless I)? I~ostilixieri in that al-rz. ,4s the year closed, t h ~ C o n i n ~ i f t ~ ~ h:~d ;tlready made nvai la l~le 5onle f i ~ ~ a ~ ~ r i a l ;lh+i~tat~c.r atid r4as preparing to set~d m n t ~ r i n l airis.

AFsC ~ ~ i ~ f f i l l Jcri~el have corltinu~d their artivities drrring the %liddle Eastrsn tension. A p r ~ l i m i n a r ~ intcstigation of affairs i n the Gaza St rip ~ . e v r i ~ l ~ t l n o urgent need for AFSC aid.

SOOKSNG AHEAD TAP Corn m i r r ~ r i , ~ X.~rping a close contrrct

rtlith l r r? i lc -d l'rrtinns d ~ l ~ g u t p s rrnd S~crptnr int

rnprnber.5. Sinrr ~ J ) P Ntrngrrrirrn nntl /Vfidrlfe Eusler I? rr;.~~.\ J I U / (* L J ~ ~ P C ' ~ P ~ / ~ I I P rr:orltl poLi~icnl c l i m n t ~ . /?re (,'or?rrni~t~~ i ~ p l . ~ it more irnP~r~rtr~t thon P?'PI. f n k ~ ~ p O J ~ C ' ~ i n t e r r l~ t ion~ l channels o f corn mlrn iorrtinn.

I/'ir.t irns o J /hr. Iut~st strijp join 30,000,000 r ~ f T I ~ P P C C ~ T M J ( C ) ~ I I I ~ J ~ , S S 0th ~r indirlirirtrrls both nbronfl find in or~r n7c.n corlntry ?~?ho sufler from ecorrorn ir o r .wcia/ priz:ation. Fr~nrJs are n r . ~ r l ~ r l Jor I I I P rchnlr rrrngp of AFSC activities 1r4irh S P P ~ to Ijrtild a ~ r o r l d of peace and opporfz~ni f? ,

Qecem ber 1956

f i A;:,

f'3 ' / " Y ' /7 ,t"

3 3 t h ANNUAL REPORT

AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE

1956

Where lie the sources of human hope? Men who are weary from centuries of

war and poverty ask this question. So also do we of the American Friends Service

Committee as we conclude our 39th year of responding to human needs. We feel

we must strengthen our work with the causes of these needs.

It is true that immediate relief remains vital in many areas. Refugees still

struggle for clothing and shelter, and even people untouched by war linger near

starvation in harsh environments. In these situations, we continue to provide such

necessities as coats, bricks and grain,

Increasingly, however, are are working for the prevention of discord and suf-

fering. We seek to inspire understanding between diverse and suspicious peoples

through programs which bring them together informally to exchange ideas. We

endeavor to make privileged men sensitive to the problems of the underprivileged,

by opening avenues for constructive action. Among the distressed themselves, we

try to quicken the wilI to self help through training and encouragement. Varied as our activities are, they spring from ideals that have been practiced

for 300 years by the Religious Society of Friends. Care for growth of the spirit led the early Quakers to face imprisonment for their beliefs; today we strive for free

expression of the individual conscience. Respect for personal dignity motivates our helping minority Americans to find suitable homes and jobs, just as it prompts our guiding Asian villagers toward a more wholesome existence. Our prayer for peace has led us to help both children and diplomats to grow in friendly ways. Thus we feel a unity throughout our program.

We feel a unity also in our fellowship. Included are the child who saves his nickels to help a child in another country, the adult who budgets to share beyond his family circle and the large organization which finances an entire project. The committee person who gives his evenings to plan a service unit with the mentally

ill, and the student who volunteers his summer to work in it are cherished mem-

bers. So too are the textile manufacturer who donates yards of cloth, and the grand-

mother who stitches it into little shirts. So too the builder n7ho shares our ideals

by making his houses available without regard to religion or color.

Our staff members, like our contributors, are of many faiths, races and nation-

alities. About one-third are Friends. Nearly 500 people work regularly with the

Commit te t in our national headquarters in Philadelphia, in 12 regional offices

and 16 project areas across the United States, and in long-term programs in IS

foreign countries.

These are the American Friends Service C o r n r n i t t e ~ u r staff and our con-

tributors of time, energy, money and goods-more than 80,000 individuals seek-

ing to relate themselves to the problems of humanity and to express their ideals

in creative ways. Believing that man's hope rests on his response to the leadings

of God, we recall the words of Quaker William Penn: "True godliness does not

turn men out of the world, but enables them to live better in it, and excites their

endeavors to mend it."

CHAIRMAN

P.S. The accoarnts of our work which follow are brief. We hope they will give yorr a broad picture of what we have done, nnd tried to do, in the year October 193-5 through September 1956. We will gIddIy send more detailed in formarion d b o ~ t any program.

A refugee lad about to make a fresh start Little girls growing up a s good neighbors AFSC Washington staff and special con-

receives good wishes from the AFSC worker and good rchoolmater learn early to ap- sultants plan inTernational affairs seminar

in Germany who found him a home and iob. preciate the rich variety of American life. for government officiars at Oovir House.

SOCIAL AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE has sought to awaken viIlagcrs in economically underprivilegcd arcas to confidence in thclr ability to shape a better Ilfe. In India and Jordan the AFSC with local support has looked for new answers to the ancient problems of starvation, disease and ignorance; to train the rnlnds and hand5 of v~llagcrs to hclp themselves and to en- courage them to take eventual responsibility for corn- mirnity attivrties. In Italy the AFSC has actcd through indigenous agencies.

In Il~dia assistance has been extended to over 50 vil- lages by American-Indian teams. During its fourth year the program at Bar all, Orissa, intensified its activity. Villagers purnpe! pure water from 36 new weIIs. Farmers itpbred thcir poultry and livestock, and pioneered with new vegetables, f r u ~ t s and sugar cane. Mothcrs learned to cook new foods. Wcavcrs ~rnproved thcir techniques and formed a rnarketiny: cooperative. More pcoplc sought out the cIinics for prevention as well as cucc of sickness. Similar projects were operated through viIIage centers in Madhya Pradesh by the AFSC and the British Friends Service CounciI. Thc United Statcs Government contract for support of this work expired on July 3 1. The AFSC sought to supplc- ment its rcsourccs in order to continue these village programs.

In Jordntr an American-Arab team continued projects in agricuItvre and animal husbandry until early 1956. D u r ~ n g a period of general politics! unrest and anti- Western sentiment in January, the buildings and dem- onstration plots wtrc destroyed by rioters, mostly from villages outside the project area. In the next months thc staff concluded their activities. T h e buildings were rebuilt in late spring by volunteer labor from the vil- lages involved in the riot, and were turned over to tbc Jordanian government as originalIy agreed. It was de- cided not to resume operations since the project had achicvd many of its objectivcs and further progress appcarcd unlikely at that time.

In Italy the AFSC has assisted the Union for the StsuggIe Against Illiteracy, which runs adult education centers in 43 isolated villages. Besides literacy classes, some of the centcrs have begun clinics, craft workshops and agricultural projects. In Florence and Rome two

other organizations aided by the AFSC have helped buiId the skills s f teachers and volunteer social work- ers. AFSC a d , besides giving a spiritual and material Iift to Italian groups, has enabled them to operate in- dependentry o t politics.

RELIEF AND REHABILITATION in Korea has been the misson of an anternat~onal team of med~cal and weIfarc workers. In Kunsan 186 houses were built on land donated by the city with materials supplied by the team and with labor, where possible, by the families who were to occupy them. Small loans, useful new sk~l l s and gifts of livestock started widows toward in- dcpcodence. Courses for teathers In literacy, crafts and homemaking resulted In courses for the community. Although fire ruined one wing of the provincial hos- pital which had been partially rebir~lt by the team, another was pressed into service. The training of doc- tors, nurses and laboratory technicians was continued, while the brace and limb-making shop was transferred to local craftsmen.

MATERIAL AIDS valued at more than 3% million dollars were sh~pped to the cold, hungry and sick in several corners of the world. Individuals, organizations, retailers and manufacturers contributed 1,274,000 pounds of clothing, cloth, yarn, bedding, medicine, soap and other supplies. Hundreds of volunteers of all ag& pitched in <;'col~cct, sort, sew, knit, repalr and p ~ c k the items, The AFSC also distributed 10,605,000 pounds of government surplus butter, dried milk, chccsc, cottnns~ed nil, hrans, rice, wheat and Aour. The food and supplies helped relieve immediate need5 and develop the strength for self help among underpriv- ileged groups in Allstrid, Frmce, Germnlty, I~lzdia, 1td1y, {dpd??, Joudnn, Kerzya, Koren and the Utrited S/~!FJ.

REFUGEE ASSISTANCE made it possibIe for dis- possessed ind~v~duals again to become respected, self- supporting participants in community i i fe. I n F r m r e the AFSC provided job placement and financial aid to uprooted persons. Loans to start farms and small husi- nesses were made in Atlstridn A long-term project of employment and resettrement was cornpletcd in the Oldenburg area of Gertnnn3; while a similar one was expanded in Munich. SheIter and livelihoods wcsc found for refugees in Koren. Acting through Friends

Meetings in the United Sfmes, the AFSC located spon- sors to help settle and intcgrate 5 5 3 refugees in this country. The AFSC contrnued to work beside other agencies for solution of the refugee problem and for more libcral irnmigrat~on policies.

NEIGHBORHOOD CENTERS gathered a widening fellowship through a var1et-y of services: kindergartens for children, recreation and discussion groups for youth, classes for adults and social Ilours for older folks. T h e Berlin, Darmstadt, Frankfurt and Wuppcr- taE centers in Ger?~~n?z) and the M ~ t o and trrro Tokyo cttnte~s In Japalz have all become locaIly directcii and are working toward financia1 independence. T h e Acre, Ismel, center has served a community of varied faiths and cultures, gaining increas~ng local support.

SCHOOL AFFILIATION was a vital educational ex- pcrtence for 237 public and independent schools around the globe. Schools in the Utri~ed Slates wcre paired with schools in Ejzgidnld, F w t ~ c e , Gern~at ly , Hol- In?~d, I!alp and lapasr; there was one triangular Z~nkage. The schools exchanged 37 students and 3 teachers. and shared classroom projects. Teachers met to compare ideas in regional and international confercnccs. some 80 American students spent the summer in Europe as visitors to their partner schools, work campers or mcm- Bers of a choir giving concerts in affitit~ated schools.

OVERSEAS WORK CAMPS involved 100 young Amcrrcans In the hardsh~ps of other peoples. Together with camradcs from many countr~cs they took up shovels and hammers to build a road, Iay foundations for a school, erect a church bell-tower, clear a play- ground for crippled children, repair the decrepit homes of aged city-dwellers. Humor, patience and a common concern for the work overcame barriers of language and nationalism. Arabs labored beside Jcws, F ~ l ~ p i n o s beside Japanese, Americans beside East Germans. Camps were sponsored in Aasrrtcl, GnnzL?r~y, I~raeI, I~nly, Japan and K e t r p . Five Europeans and one Haitian wcre brought to America to serve in AFSC projects.

COMMUNITY SERVlCE UNITS in Mexico and El Salvador gave 191 young people the opportunity to cooperate with government agencies and v~llagers on projects of rural Jevelopmcnt. In Mexico "10s A~nigos" taught language, sewing, crafts, hygiene and rccreat~on. Thcy aided families left destitute by a hurr~cane and floods to rebuild their homes, schooIs and roads. In El Salvddor they helped promote literacy, medical care, poultry and crop irnproverncnt, nutrition and cornlnun- ity storekeepiG. Bepresenting I I countries, they brought to 11 remote villages a spirit of intcrnational comradeship.

Gifts from friends overseas bring warmth ko Fhe body and the spirit. (left1 French students crssemble a cosmcgmpk sent by their alfiliated school in America. (Right) Jordmnian

village women happily display clother they have made from AFSC cloth and embroidered with traditional designs.

The SCHOOL CONSULTANT SERVICE, like other AFSC programs In community relations, has been based on the belief that an ind~vidual makes his best contribution to society when hc is free to develop his capacities and widen h ~ s perspectives. It began this year to give guidance to northcrn and southern rom- munities trying to implement the Supreme Court deci- sion. Behind the service lay AFSC experience wlth school integration in Washington, D. C. In a pilot pro- gram in North Carolina the AFSC urged adm~nistra- . , L,

tors and citizens of good will to work toward a democratic education for every child.

HOUSING OPPORTU'NlTrES are inseparably linked to progress in such focal points of intergroup relations as schools and churches. In four areas the APSC has worked with interested citlzens to make previously re- stricted homes available to minority groups. The crisis of Trumbull Park has proven an obstacle to toppIing rigid residential barriers in Chicago. Focusing atten- tion an this trouble spot as a symptom of a national problem, the AFSC sent a mission to explore the pos- sibility of new approaches to a solution. In Richmond, Calif., a program closed after only a measure of suc- cess. In Philadelphia and Santa Clara County, Calif., staff cooperated with the builders of private housing developments to provide a demonstration of integrated living. The AFSC distribitted 20,000 copies of "They Say That You Say," a pamphlet setting down myths and facts about integrated neighborhoods.

T h e SELF-HELP HOUSING PROJECT in Philadel- phia has enabled low and middIe incomc families to own modern apartments by contributing labor as a down payment. FHA-insured mortgages have been assumed by a cooperative corporation of the home- owners themselves. Restoration of the second half of one run-down but basically sound city block into at- tractive dwelIings got underway this year.

MERIT EMPLOYMENT without regard to race, creed or national origin was promoted among businesses in five cities. In Chicapo. for exam~Ie. the AFSC made <, , 1 '

significant pIacements in banking and Iaw firms. In Baton R o u ~ e , branch offices wcrc urged to adopt the fair pol iciei of their national parent companies. hiinor- ity persons in Grecnsboro, N. C., were told of job ~ ~ ~ r t u n i t i e s opening to them, and schools and col- leges were advised to intensify their vocational prep- aration. Local funds underwrote the Indianaaolis program and a local: committee became interested in takine over the Dallas Dropram. A new illwstratcd

L, 1 I,

pamphIct explained to employers "Merit Employment: Why and How."

Russian thurcbmen on a tour of Philadelphia pause to ques-

tion paintem outside the Friends self-help housing project.

The FARM LABOR PROGRAM was launched in Tulare County, CaIif., t h ~ s year. There 31,000 workers eke out a llving by farming the crops in season. Many m~gra te from place to place, but others havc settled in 40 shack towns. Among those who have put down roots the AFSC began to spark community action to better the standard of living and acquire such public services as water systems.

The AMERlCAN INDIAN PROGRAM has worked patiently Beside these culturaIly-rich people on their social and econom~c needs. An AFSC study, "Indians of California," was the basis of work in the state to see that government withdrawal from Indian affairs be accomplished in a just and responsible manner. An AFSC center in Oakland gave Indians new to city life a place to find companionship, learn domestic skills and air their perplexities. Bay area families welcomed Indian children Inso their homes for holidays. On the Maricopa and Papago reservations in Arizona the AFSC has hclpcd develop long-range cooperat~ve ef- forts to improve livestock, food and fiber crops and local industries. A similar program unfoIded w ~ t h the Sioux in South Dakota. Work campers served Navajos and H o o p u . "The Spirit They L ~ v e In," a pamphlet which bas received wide p u b l ~ c notice, suges t s prin- ciples of action toward a morc equitable Indian policy.

WORK WITH L A T I N AMERICANS has aimed to bring one of our largest minorities into the privileges and responsibil~ ties of citizens. Volunteers in Austin and other Texas cities taught En~Eish and citizenship to hundreds. Work campers befriended Spanish-speak. ing children in San Antonio. Staff in Santa Clara Count6 Calif., also strove to enlarge opportunities for this population group.

PRISON VISITING has brought companionship and encouragement to men in several California in~t i tu- tions. Each visitor o r married couple got to know just one inmate and tried to develop a relationship aiding his readjustment in society and his finding of a job when he was released. An AFSC public institute called on citizens to assess methods of rehabilitation and crime prevent~on.

The RIGHTS OF CONSClENCE PROGRAM assisted those who suffer from taking positions based on con- scientious conviction. About 3 0 cases were helped this

year. Legal aid was granted to individuals who consci- entiously refused to slgn non-disloyalty oaths, to inform on others bcfore Ieglslative committees or to comply with civil defense regulations. Financial aid was given to victims of economic reprisals for a c t ~ n g on bchalf of racial integration. In keeping with Friends' long-stand- ing concern for civil and re l ig io~~s liberty, the program sought to clarify the l im~ts within which conscience enjoys legal protection under the Constitution.

SFRVICFS TO COhlSCrE~lTlOklS QRJFCTORS offered fellowship and assistance to young men who cannot accept military duty. The AFSC counseled many about their relationsh~p to the draft, and .visrted others in prison, in non-combatant rn11itary assign- ments and in alternative civilian service--55 worked in AFSC projects. A close relationship was maintained with ScIective Service officials and a network of local C. 0, counselors and Friends Meetings.

COMHUhTftV FACE FDtrCATlOcd has worked to rnot~vate citizens to challenge conlormity and com- placency and make a practical contribution to harmony between men and between nations. Thoughtful aduits met in 300 day-long conferences, 19 lnstltutes of inter- national affairs and 6 summer family camps to talk over thcir obIigation to help find peacefur solutions to the problems of our day. A number felt inspired to bring together groups to study an AFSC statement on non-violence in international affairs, '"Speak Truth to Power,'' o r to discuss significant films. O n thc West Coast the AFSC united with other organizations to sponsor two city-wide conferences on disarmament.

FarlywDS ah#tCF S F U \ ~ ( C F sought to strengthen the testimony for pcace among the 1 18,000 Friends in this country and to keep the AFSC close to its religious roots. Thc staff visited 100 Friends Meetings, confer- ences and retreats, reporting on AFSC activities, build- ing peace action programs and advising young Fricnds facing the draft.

PFACE A C V O W t~SC)UGu TFlF CMWPCHe5 was stlmuIated by helping counclls of churches and other religious groups in 14 states to plan thought-provok- ing conferences. In 70 AFSC meetings, clergy and lay leaders discussed how their congregations could make a practical contribution to f o r e i ~ n relations, dernilitar- ization and world development.

the RADSO SERVICE provided 10,000 copics of 500 tape-recorded program.; to 257 radio stations- thc equ~vaIcnt of broadcast~ng for 4 hours da11y. Thc programs, used as guest spots on commert~al time, were largely 5 and 15 mlnutc con\lcrsat~ons betaccn a professional broadcaster and i n d ~ \ ~ ~ d u a l s working with the AFSC or sharing its objectives. Sixty-four educstional stations offered a specla1 AFSC series a=, a basis for classroom discussions.

The OFFICE OF EDUCATION carried AFSC concern for spir~tual values and frccriom in academic l i f e to educators through conferences and newsletters. Thc value of practica! project experience in giving dcpth to crassroom studies was stressed. The Off~ce also served to kscp AFSC youth programs attuned to cducatlonal nccds and trends.

CAMPUS PROGRAMS endeavored to make students aware of tIlc~r abllrty to do something positive about human need and conflict, Speaking with individuals, classes, clubs and faculties at 300 colleges and dozens of high schools, AFSC secretaries recr111 ted participants for over 80 weekend and 50 summer-long serrrlcr and study projects.

INSTITUTES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE drew together those of m n y backgrounds to clariiy their thinklng on current issues. Seminars in Washington and New York enabled 396 young peoplc to obse;rc our government and the United Nat~ons in action, and express their concern for peace and freedom to officials, Six high school wodd affairs camps supplied an outdoor setting for discussion groups. A collrgc camp institute war folIowed by two six-week peace caravans in the Middle Atlantic area. A conference on civiI liberties in Ca11- fornia could accept only 450 out of 1000 teenage appli- cants. A session In Pittsburgh looked a t intcrnatlonal industrial relations. And, for a week, a group of 32 surveyed changing patterns of race relat~ons, taking field trips to cities north and south of Washington.

INTERNES IM INDUSTRY became, for a summer, part of our vast Iabor force in Chicago, Philadelphia, Atlanta and Lynn, Mass. These 73 young men and women found unskilled factory jobs in order to heighten their undcrstanding of some of the critical economic and social problems poscd by industrializa- tion. Evening discussions with Iraders of labor, man-

agement, social work and religion broadened the experience. Living as harmonious international, inter- farth, interracial grou s, the internes, l~ke other AFSC

communities. B volunteers, often ma e an impact on the surrounding

INTERNES IN COMMUN1TT SERVICE made it pos- s ~ b l c for about 30 understaffed social agencies to expand their activities this year. In Chicago, Oakland and Bloomington, Ind., 53 yoitng people gave 2 to 1 2 months to help integrate ethnic and racial minorities into cornmun~ty lifc and halt the spread of urban blight. Their work took such forms as making door-to- door studies of socia! conditions, organizing neighbors to work for Iocal improvements, leading recreation to direct youthful energies away from dcl~nqucncy.

INSTlTUTlONkL SERVICE UNITS brought I 1 l college-age volunteers to work in I I hard-pressed pub- lic rncntal hospitals and training schools last summer. They joined the regular staff in strenuous duties, and tried to offer friendship and respect to the individuals in their care. As they sewed mentally ill or retarded patients and juvenile offenders, they reccived valuabIe insights into human nature. Hundreds more volunteers joined new weekend u n ~ t s in New York and Pennsyl- vania as well as on-going units in California.

AMERICAN WORK CAMPS last summer introduced 102 high school and collr.~e-age people to victims of neglect and disaster in their own country. In East Stroudsburg, Pa., and on the Hoopa Indian Reserva- tion, Calif., campers worked beside families to restore their flood-damaged homes. In San Antonio, Texas, they helped Latin-American children adjust to their new environment through recreational programs. They heIped buiId Navajo chapter houses in Crown Point, N. M., a center for migrant l a k r e r s in Wautoma, Wis., and a camp for nature study in Yellow Springs, Ohio. In addition, weekend work camps in several regions offered a chance for service during the winter.

EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS FOR CHILDREN pro- vided dozens of things to learn about and do for others in many lands. Even teenagers and adults adopted some of the 18 varied projects. On Hallowe'en thousands of youngsters "begged" for 28,000 pounds of good used cIothfng to scnd abroad. At Christmastlrne they trimmcd trees with 50,000 pairs of mittens. For Val- entine's Day they wove countless baby bonnets. During summer vacation they made toys and games. They saved enough nickels to build the walls of 256 houses for Korean refugees. As they shared with others, they dis- covered that all children are basically alike, and that differences are part of God's plan for a diversified world. @

The way is opened for minority group members. (Leffl A

volunteer helps a Lotin American apply for citizenship. (Center) A Maricopa Indian learns how to enrich h e soil

of his land i n Arizona. IRightl A Negro raleswoman shows

$he skill and po:re that make her .rr valued store employee.

The AFSC seeks to buIld friendship* and mutual respect smong leaden of lodmy and to-

morrow. [Left) Well-informed students share knowredge and opinions at Japan international semlnar. [Right1 Diplomals at Clarens conference become acquainted at the supper table.

lNfERNATlONAL CENTERS have provided a set- ting of warmth and hosp~tallty where responsibre people may gather freeIy to explore approaches to peace. During 1956 Davis House in IVashi!zgtol7 weIcomed guest5 from foreign countries and mem- bcrs of AFSC seminars. In that city and in Los A??- ~ e l e s , International Houses were socia1 and culturaI havens to hundreds of foreign students. The Ge~zera center was host to staff workers of internationa! agencies. The Pdrjs renter cooperated with UNESCO. The Vienm center took advantage of its crossroads location to assemble groups of youth and adults from East and West. The Darcn center helped U. N. and Pakistani oficlals to train voIunteer socia! workers and teachers. The Dsll~l center arranged For the ex- change of Indian and Pakistani students. Paris, V ~ e n n a and Deihi alsa hcId meetings for diplomats who are alumni of AFSC conferences. Quaker rep- resentatives in Tokyo and ilfexico Cify worked to strengthen peaceful influences there. S!rpport was also given to Friends centers in Amsterdam and Copejzbqen.

QUAKER WORK AT THE UNITED MATIONS has sought to apply the philosophy and practical back- ground of Friends to internat~onal affairs. Informal cvening seminars at Quaker House In New York this year gave mcmbers of delegat~ons and the Secre- tariat an opportunity to examine worId problems in a humanitarian perspective. Particular attention waq focused on U.N. mcdiation efforts in the Mid- dle Em!. Close touch was also kept with the Kd.thnrir and S o ~ h Afrrca questions. Support was given to disarmament negotiation and increased participation in U.N. economic assistance programs through con- tacts with delegates and other officials of the gorern- ments concerned. The AESC complied with several U.N. requests to describe Quaker experience in colo- nial areas and with minority groups. Over 1000 stu- dents and Friends visiting the U.N. got a closer view through meetings with AFSC staff. Many more persons were reached by an intensive program of wrltten interpretation in pamphIets and periodicals.

CONFERENCES FOR DIPLOMATS encouraged the frank and fr~endly exchange of views on world af- fairs in a non+pol~tical atmosphere. Some 93 young foreign affairs oficers from 35 countries of Asia, Africa, East and West Europe, the Middle East and North America participated in two ten-day conferences in Clarens, SrLdtzerland, and a third in Cejlon. They probed more deeply into the cultural and spiritual \,slues undcsty ing diplomacy than is possible in highly publicized official meetings, The theme "NationaI In- terest and International Responsibility" posed the dilemma which now faces all governments and the diplomats who represent them to the world.

INTERMATIONAL AFFAIRS SEMINARS of Wash- ington assembled small groups of government execu- tives, leg-islators and journalists carh month to discus5 ways In which recent developments in the social sciences can be applied to world relations. Social scientists and foreign affairs experts acted as con- sultants in rhe off-the-record sessions. Discussions in- cluded influences upon foreign policy opinions of the American public, trends In dipIomacy, attitudes among overseas representatives, improving intcsna- tional conferences, atoms for peace, world mental health and assistance to underdcvcloped areas. About 375 different indiGiduals participated in 5 3 meet- ings this year.

INTERNATIONAL STUDENT SEMINARS called to- gether potcntial leaders of tomorrow. About 300 students and young professional people from 5 con- tinents and 40 countries attended seminars in Ass- Irra, Denmark, Englnlrd, [aparz, Stuifzerlfind, Yrigo- rlnvia and the U~zrled Stntes. Resident faculty pro- vided a broad background of knowledge and con- cern for the study of current issues. Work projects in 3 seminars enriched the intellectiral cxpcriences. Living as a group, participants d~scovercd thc com- mon fears and hopes that lay behind their d~versc attitudes. As in past years, friendships continued after the seminars and strengthened a sense of personal responsibiIity for peaceful change and development of the world.

NOTES TO SUMMARY OF CURRENT FUND 'TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES

For I??B Year Ended September 30, 1956

1. Amounts received include approximately $864,000 cash in the current year) which have been transmitted to its and $484,000 materials contributed through regional ofices. representatives abroad, pattions of which may not have bem

distributed at the end of the fiscal year. 2. Gifts of new and used clothing, new textiles, drugs, f o d , soap, supplirs and quipment are valued at stand- 4. Amounts spent for relief and community development atd price3 cons~dered to approximate conservative realtz- overseas ~nclude $806,350.67 in cash; $1,143,953.29 in cloth- able vaIurs. Surplus food is valued at export prices. ing, textiIes, drugs, etc. and $2,380,178.71 in surplus foods.

3. I t is the Committee's policy to include in amounts spent I. This statement does not include the transactions and bal- cash nnd materials (amounting to approximately $4,032,000 ances of the trust, equipment, etc. funds of the Committpc.

Complete financial statements of the Committee and the related certificate of our inde. pendent certified publ~c accountants will be furnished to interested persons upon request.

A C C O U N T A N T S ' CERTIFICATE

H A S K I N S & SELLS C I R T I F I F D P U B L I C A C C O U N T A N T S

L A N D TITLE B U I L D I N G P H I L A D E L P F I I A 10

Wc h a w examincd your summary of current fiind transactions and balances for the year ended September 30, 1956. O u r examination was made in accordance with generally accepted audjting standards, and accordingly included FUCII tests of tlrc acco~rnting records and such othcr auditing procedures as wc considered nccecsary in the circum- stance?; as to contrihutrons, it a t a s not practicabk to extend the examination beyond accounting for the receipt5 as recorded.

In ou r opinion, tllc accompanying summary of current f u n d transactions and balances presents fairly the results o f ~ O U I cllrrent fiind operationr for the year ended September 30, 1956 In conformity with generalIy accepted accounting prlncipIes applied on a basis consistent w ~ t h that of the preceding year.

December 17, 1956 H A S K I N S & S E L L S

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

The American Friends Senice Committee is de- A growing number of friends are remembering pendent for financial support on interested individuals, the Committee in their wills through legacies of money groupsT foundations and corporations. Checks should or property. During the past fiscal year the Committee be made payable to American Friends Service Commit- has gratefully received 41 bequests, ranging from $85 tee, Incorporated and sent to any of its ofices. Contri- to 550,800 and totaling 3247,822. The following form butions arc deductible for Federal income tax purposes. may be used when money is left to the Committee:

"I give and bequeath to the American Friends Scn~ice Committee,

Incorporated (a Delaware corporation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . doIlars."

American Friends Service Committee

l n c a r p o r a t e d

2 0 South 12th Stree*,

Philndelphicr 7, Pennsyllvcrnia

Executive Secrefury

LEWlS M. HOSKINS

Associate Execufive Secretary

COLIN W. B E L L

Associate Exlrecvtive Seerefury

EARLE E D W A R D S

Finance Secretaries

HUGH W. MOORE

GUY W. 3 0 E T

A L P H O N S E 6. M I L L E R

HUGH M. MIDDLETON

H E N R Y G. R U S S E L P