ifer - monitoring and mapping solutions, ltd. · ifer – monitoring and mapping solutions, ltd....

IFER - Monitoring and Mapping Solutions, Ltd.

Tool designed for computer aided field data

collection

Technology Field-MapField-MapField-MapField-Map

Company name: IFER – Monitoring and Mapping Solutions, Ltd.

Registered address: Strašice 299, 338 45

Postal address: Areál 1. jílovské a.s., 254 01 Jílové u Prahy

Country: Czech Republic

Company representative: Dr. Martin Černý

Company registration No: 26391040

Company VAT No.: CZ26391040

January 2009

IFER – Monitoring and Mapping Solutions, Ltd.

www.FieldMap.cz


Areál 1. jílovské a.s., 254 01 Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic tel., fax +420 2 41 951 205

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Content:

General features and description of system Field-MapField-MapField-MapField-Map ........................................................... 3

1.1 Flexible database structure........................................................................................................ 3

1.2 Support of measurement devices .............................................................................................. 3

1.3 Import/export functionality....................................................................................................... 6

1.4 Field navigation ........................................................................................................................ 6

1.5 Mapping.................................................................................................................................... 7

1.6 Tree measurements ................................................................................................................... 9

1.7 Repeated measurements.......................................................................................................... 12

1.8 Validation of data.................................................................................................................... 14

1.9 User-developed extensions ..................................................................................................... 15

1.10 Data processing tools .......................................................................................................... 15

2 Technical specification .................................................................................................... 16

2.1 Field-Map software................................................................................................................... 16

2.1.1 Field-Map Project Manager............................................................................................................. 16

2.1.2 Field-Map Data Collector................................................................................................................ 17

2.1.3 Field-Map Forest 3D ....................................................................................................................... 19

2.1.4 Field-Map Data Processing Tools and Dendro Module .................................................................. 19

2.1.5 Software tools for file conversion and data handling .................................................................... 19

2.1.6 Other information.......................................................................................................................... 19

2.2 Field-Map hardware.................................................................................................................. 20

2.2.1 Example of supported hardware.................................................................................................... 20

2.2.2 Field-Map with monopod or harness?............................................................................................. 22

3 Field-Map LT .................................................................................................................. 24

3.1 Comparison of Field-Map LT and Field-Map............................................................................. 25

4 References......................................................................................................................... 26

4.1 National Forest Inventories..................................................................................................... 26

4.2 List of Field-Map users and reference projects......................................................................... 27

5 Training ............................................................................................................................ 30

6 Software update/upgrade................................................................................................ 30

7 Hot line service................................................................................................................. 30

8 Guarantee periods ........................................................................................................... 30


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General features and description of system Field-MapField-MapField-MapField-Map Field-Map is a system for computer aided field data collection with primary emphasize to forestry. It is highly flexible system. Its use starts from the level of single tree measurement, through the level of research or inventory plot, up to the landscape level. Field-Map has been designed primarily for the purposes of forest inventory but it has functionality for number of different field data collection tasks like forestry mapping, attributing forest stands for the forest management planning, carbon offset monitoring, landscape mapping, standing volume assessment, measurement of research plots, inventory and monitoring of nature reserves, etc.

Field-Map product line combines flexible real-time GIS software with electronic equipment for mapping and dendrometric measurement.

1.1 Flexible database structure Field data collection projects such as forestry monitoring, measuring and mapping are based on well defined methodology of field observations. In order to fulfil various requirements of particular field data collection project Field-Map provides number of elements which enable complete adjustment of field database. Some of the features (e.g. special attribute types or multi-plot approach) are specific for Field-Map and qualify it for wide range of different data collection projects up to the most complex e.g. national forest inventory projects which usually contains hundreds of attributes in tens or even hundreds of tables.

• User-defined database structure: user-defined data collection methodology = database structure = Field-Map project. Field-Map project also contains metadata describing the structure and content of the database.

• Relational hierarchical database = multiple layers arranged in tree-like database structure supporting one-to-many, one-to-one and many-to-one relationships

• Multiple layers in each Field-Map project, multiple attributes for each layer

• Various attribute types (numeric, alphanumeric, memo, logical, date, time, picture/photo, video, voice memo)

• Attributes with lookup list for easy and error-free input of data particularly useful for keyboard less field computers (usually about 80% of attribute values are entered using lookup lists)

• Advanced attributing (height, diameter, counter, line length, lookup lists, conditional lookup lists, quick switch on/off of lookup list items, default values)

• Multi-plot approach

Multiple plots/sites = multiple implementation of the methodology for number of plots/sites

Multiple plots in single database (e.g. thousands of plots of a forestry monitoring project)

Easy management of multi-plot and multi-team projects

• Any-time database structure customization without loosing existing data

• Industry-standard data formats used for data storage (ArcView shapefiles for map entities, Paradox, MS Access or MSSQL for attributes)

1.2 Support of measurement devices Field-Map is based on efficient use of electronic or traditional measurement devices such as laser rangefinders, electronic compasses, GPS or electronic caliper. Field-Mapís natural and easy combination of measurement devices with the data storage and computing facilities of field computer enables user to obtain maximum effect from the technology.


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PC runn ing MS Windows 95 /98/NT/2000/XP

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Typical hardware components of Field-Map: laser rangefinder + electronic inclinometer + electronic compass, GPS

receiver, electronic calliper, field computer

Typical hardware components of Field-Map: LTI Forest PRO, LTI MapStar, Hammerhead field computer

Field-Map supports broad range of electronic measurement devices. The main equipment which is usually the most important for forestry mapping and measurement is a combination of laser rangefinder + electronic inclinometer + electronic compass (RIC). Field-Map uses fully its potential of measurement distances and vertical and horizontal angles for the three dimensional mapping of forest structure.

Typical use of the laser rangefinder + electronic inclinometer + electronic compass for forestry – mapping, tree height measurement, upper tree diameter measurement, stem profile measurement, crown projection mapping,

crown profile delineation

GPS is used by the Field-Map both for navigation and mapping. Combined use of GPS and RIC which is managed by Field-Map software enables to solve mapping, navigation and measurement tasks in forestry conditions i.e. under the canopy where GPS often does not work or gives large error.


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Field-Map is the only software product which fully supports optical scope for remote diameter measurement. Using optical scope mounted on laser rangefinder it is possible to measure tree diameter in any height. Field-Map supports measurement of single diameters and also measurement of whole stem profiles.

Laser rangefinder with remote diameter scope

Measurement of upper stem diameter and branch diameter

Additional supported equipment such as electronic calipers for tree diameter measurement or geodetic equipment such as LTI angle encoder or Leica or Sokkia tachymeters might be used.

Field-Map can be used on PC compatible computers (MS Windows 95, 98, 2000, XP), no extra hardware parameters are required – Field-Map requirements does not exceed requirements of MS Windows itself. Field-Map has been specifically developed for keyboardless field computers which are operated by pen and can be even used on computers with monochromatic displays. In order to support real-time communication with measurement devices field computer needs to provide Field-Map with at least one serial port (RS232, USB or Bluetooth).

Communication of Field-Map with external measurement devices is based on standard NMEA0183 protocol and in some cases (Leica and Sokkia tachymeters) on specific protocols. That means that Field-Map can support broad range of different products, e.g. virtually any GPS on the market.

Field-Map settings provide user-friendly tools for connection of measurement devices and maintain connection. User-friendly approach to the use of measurement devices is further emphasized by the Measurement Assistant which provides user with online animated help during measurement process.


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Field-Map Measurement Assistant provides real-time help during field measurement

Field-Map benefits from the use of electronic measurement devices but it can be also used in conjunction with traditional measurement devices such as mechanical compasses, measurement tapes, hypsometers etc. In such a case the readings from the devices are entered to the computer by the operator.

1.3 Import/export functionality Field-Map technology is often implemented into ongoing projects which already collected large sets of data. At the same time Field-Map usually represents part of the overall technological solution and needs to be able to exchange data with other software solutions. Last but not least is the necessity of multi-team support i.e. possibility of maintenance of distributed database into number of field computers operated by number of field teams. Field-Map has all necessary functionality for those tasks.

Both mapping entities and attributes can be imported from existing databases of old measurements. Efficient wizard supports import of mapping entities (points, lines, polygons) with attached attributes from number of different formats (ArcView Shapefiles, Digital exchange format dxf, Microstation design file dgn, Autocad drawing database dwg, ArcInfo Coverage). Specific Field-Map tools are available for pre-processing of mapping data which are stored in database tables.

Other wizard is available for the import of attribute information. Data of single tables or even sets of tables can be imported from different formats (MS Access, MS Excel, dBase, Paradox, ASCII text files) or even transferred via clipboard.

Field-Map database uses ArcView shapefiles for the storage of mapping data and Paradox or MS Access tables for attributes. Thus the Field-Map native data can be directly used with any conversion. For those cases when other formats are required Field-Map has export facilities of attribute tables to dBase, Excel, XML or ASCII text files. Mapping data are available in local Carthesian co-ordiantes of projected co-ordinates and can be further processed for consequent use. Particularly the local co-ordinates can be automatically converted to selected map projections and data of number of plots (such as monitoring plots) can be combined into single Shapefile.

Teaming support is very important feature for those cases when one data collection project is accomplished by number of field teams. When the fieldwork is finished the newly collected data are transferred into main database.

1.4 Field navigation Navigation to target co-ordinates is one of the specific tasks of field data collection. The co-ordinates of target point (e.g. center of monitoring plot) are known but the point cannot be distinguished in the field – it has to be found just by co-ordinates with reasonable accuracy.

GPS represents good tool for navigation and it is fully supported by Field-Map. However in the forest conditions (i.e. under the forest canopy and sometimes on the slopes) GPS often does not represent efficient tools because of unavailable GPS signal or significantly increased measurement error.

Therefore Field-Map has combined navigation function which enables use of GPS and laser rangefinder + electronic inclinometer + electronic compass (RIC) and to choose the proper equipment based on current conditions. In practice it means that GPS is used for positioning and navigation in open areas and RIC is used under canopy. In order to make navigation with RIC efficient the so called clockwise navigation has been developed. This approach significantly increases fieldwork productivity and enables to switch from GPS to RIC and vice versa whenever it is convenient.


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“Clockwise” navigation for laser rangefinder + electronic inclinometer + electronic compass

Another advantage of Field-Map navigation methods is a possibility of optimized movement in the terrain. Under the harsh conditions of dense young forest stands or inaccessible steep slopes it is possible to make “detours” and approach target point using easier passes.

In addition to measurement devices the navigation in Field-Map can benefit from the use of existing maps. Orthorectified aerial photos or available vector or raster maps can be used as a background maps in Field-Map and provide user with visual control of navigation.

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Field navigation to target co-ordinates using GPS, laser rangefinder + electronic inclinometer + electronic

compass and existing background maps (e.g. orthorectified aerial photo)

During navigation it is possible to save tracking line into selected line layer for further purposes. It is also possible to do other mapping (points, lines) during navigation. Thus it is possible to combine navigation with mapping functionality.

1.5 Mapping Field mapping and visualization of point/line/polygon layers represents important part of Field-Map functionality. Field-Map has all functionality for creating and editing of field maps including attributing and advanced GIS functionality.

Mapping can be based on local Carthesian co-ordinate system or selected map projection. The first approach is often used when mapping interior of monitoring plots. In such a case the centre [0,0,0] is located in the centre of the plot and co-ordinates of other objects are related to this centre. The second approach benefits from Field-Map ability to support virtually and map projection worldwide. Therefore it is possible to work with German map projection “ETRF 1989 UTM zone (ETRF)”. Parameters of this map projection are predefined in Field-Map as well as parameters of geotransformation of WGS1984 geographic system into ETRF. Geotransformation parameters are important for transformation of GPS readings into ETRF. Geotransformation parameters as well as map projection parameters are user-defined and can be adjusted if necessary. Thus it is for instance possible to use different sets of geotransformation parameters for different parts of the country in order to obtain better accuracy. Map projection functionality of Field-Map enables the use of all measurement devices and obtain final map in projected co-ordinates directly on the screen of field computer during fieldwork.

Real-time building and visualization of final map right in the field increases productivity and quality of the result.


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Field-Map provides many useful feature for visualization of field maps such as user-defined point and line symbols and labels which can be fixed-size or scalable. During mapping Field-Map shows current position of the measurement equipment as well as e.g. traces of laser measurements. Zooming to user-defined or predefined scale, panning, showing overall map are standard features.

Together with edited layers Field-Map can present on the screen of field computer background maps which show context. Background cannot be changed just visualized and Field-Map supports many different raster and vector formats (TIFF, MrSID, ESRI Grid, Imagine, ERDAS GIS, Band Interleaved By Line, Band Interleaved By Pixel, Band Sequential, Sun Raster, IMPELL Bitmap, SVF, GIF, BMP, JPEG/JFIF, Shapefiles, Digital Exchange Format, MicroStation Design File, Autocad drawing database, ArcInfo coverage). The information from background maps can be not only visualized but their attributes can be also retrieved upon the click to map.

Field-Map works with point, line, polygon layers and several special layer type such as trees, deadwood and transects. Additional layer types are derived from the basic ones and have additional features which are highly relevant for forestry projects.

Mapping procedure is user-friendly and straightforward. New points or lines can be added via pen sketching on the screen of field computer, passing measurement data from measurement devices or by direct entering of known co-ordinates. Points and lines can be moved or deleted. Free line editing using drag-and-move of selected line segment by cursor is useful for on-screen digitizing.

Advanced mapping functions give a possibility of copying points and lines between layers, create grids, buffers, parallel or offset lines, smoothed lines and closed traversing.

Field-Map supports building of polygonal layers and it has all necessary functions for it. Automatic line snapping and functions for cleaning and building topologically correct polygons give possibility of work with lines and centroids/label points of future polygons during fieldwork. When polygon boundary mapping is finished then Field-Map can build polygonal layers and transfer attribute values to polygons. Polygon layer if Field-Map in facts consists from three shapefiles – lines, centroids, polygons – and mimics this way topological GIS formats. Efficiency of building polygons by Field-Map is further increased by the possibility of involvement of lines from different layers during data processing. Thus it is not necessary to duplicate lines in different layers.

During mapping of monitoring plots Field-Map benefits from its “continuous positioning”. That means that equipment operator can freely move in order to e.g. find the best view for mapping of new entity. Using system of temporary reference points give him possibility to get quickly georeferenced by shooting with laser to a reference point. It is not necessary to measure all tree positions and other entities from the center of the plot. The productivity of fieldwork increases significantly.

During mapping in dense forest with understorey Field-Map benefits from efficient support of flexible-height reflector pole and automatic re-calculation of slope distances to horizontal distances.

Work with extensible reference pole in dense forest with understorey

Prior the field mapping it is possible to define the locking options for individual attributes or whole layers (limited attributing, limited pen mapping, limited mapping). Thus it is possible to manage the way of editing of data during fieldwork.


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1.6 Tree measurements Field-Map has been developed primarily for forestry and it has number of specific functions for tree measurement.

Field-Map supports user-defined shape and size of plot (polygonal, circular and rectangular plots; plots without mapping), fixed-size, variable-size, concentric circle, segmented plots, interpretation plots, and templates.

Tree layer in Field-Map is the descendant of point layer with many additional features such as visualization of tree basal areas and crown projections in the map. Trees can have specific attributes such as diameter at breast height, tree height, stem volume, branch length, crown projection/surface/volume.

Tree position within a monitoring plot is mapped using laser rangefinder + electronic inclinometer + electronic compass (RIC) and reflector which is put to surface of the tree stem. Field-Map automatically checks whether the tree is inside/outside the plot – it is not necessary to mark plot boundary in the field, the fieldwork is more efficient.

In those cases when trees are not visually marked it might be sometimes necessary to recover the tree number during fieldwork. Field-Map has function for finding tree identity based on its position – select tree using laser.

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Example of mapping of tree position at segmented plot

Tree diameters can be recorded to the memory of electronic caliper and later downloaded into field computer. The other option is wireless connection and online recording of tree diameters. In both cases the position of the tree in the map is adjusted upon download of tree diameter. Tree position in the map represents position on the center of the tree stem.

Tree height measurement uses laser rangefinder and electronic inclinometer for measurement of horizontal distance to the tree and inclination to the top and bottom of the tree. Measurement can be performed from any suitable distance and even on he slopes. Based on measured data the tree height is automatically calculated.

Tree height and crown base measurement

Field-Map has five different modes for tree height measurement:

1. Distance using position – distance to the tree is not measured but calculated from the known position of the equipment and position of the tree. This mode is suitable for low dense stands where several tree heights can be measured from one spot.

2. Distance+base using position – same as mode 1 + inclination to the stem base is calculated from known Z co-ordinates of the position of equipment and position of the tree. This mode is suitable


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for stands with large trees often with undergrowth where it is impossible to find a place from which both bottom and top of the tree is visible.

3. Distance measurement – distance and all inclinations are measured. Typically used in dense stands where frequent movement of the equipment is necessary in order to get good view to tree tops.

4. Distance+base using main pole – same as mode 3 but the distance and inclination to the tree bottom is measured using measurement pole with reflector. Suitable for denser stands with understorey where extensible pole can reach above understorey.

5. Direct height measurement – uses built in measurement procedure of LTI Forest PRO. Similar to mode 3.

For slanted trees it is possible to record angle of the tree. Field-Map then automatically calculates both tree height (i.e. shortest distance from the ground to the tree top) and tree length (i.e. distance from tree bottom to the tree top).

Tree height versus tree length for slanted trees

Tree volume can be calculated based on direct measurement of stem profile. Via measurement of series of diameters along the tree stem the stem profile is measured and stem volume is automatically calculated.

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Direct measurement of stem profile

Tree volume can be alternatively calculated using existing volume tables or models. Parameters of the volume equation are species specific.

Implementation of volume equations into Field-Map can be done using Field-Map scripting. The script which automatically calculates volume upon changing values of tree diameter at breast height and tree height and stores resulted value in predefined attribute.

For those projects where more detailed description of forest canopy structure is required Field-Map provides support for mapping of horizontal map projections and vertical crown profiles. Area of crown projection as well as surface and volume of the crown is automatically calculated by Field-Map.


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Mapping of tree crown projections

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Measurement of crown profiles

More detailed measurement of tree branches is covered by Field-Map via measurement of branch diameters and branch length.

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Measurement of branch length

Main dendrometric characteristics can be visualized for monitoring plot and for individual species. Together with that the results of basic stand/species characteristics (basal area, mean diameter, number of trees) are presented.

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Visualization of tree diameter distribution, diameter-height relationship and calculated stand parameters


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In addition to the standing trees Field-Map supports mapping and measurement of deadwood lying on the ground. Every item of deadwood is represented by its centerline and diameters related to the line vertices. Polygon delineating deadwood contours is stored into map. As well as for standing trees the volume of deadwood is automatically calculated based on measured data and individual items can be described by the set of user-defined attributes. Volume is automatically calculated based on length and diameters of deadwood segments. Field-Map can automatically “cut” deadwood item at the plot boundary and calculate only volume which belongs to the plot

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Mapping and measurement of deadwood

Field-Map 3D Forest represents extension which has been designed for three dimensional visualization of Field-Map data. Data of mapping and tree measurement are taken directly from the Field-Map database.

3D visualization of the data using Field-Map 3D Forest

1.7 Repeated measurements Repeated measurement of permanent inventory or research plots belongs to the most common and at the same time important tasks of the field data collection. Field-Map supports all steps and procedures which are necessary for successful re-measurement of permanent plots.

Prior the fieldwork the data of previous measurement are downloaded into field database. Together with that it is possible to define the behavior of individual attributes. Attributes may and may not be verified, verification can be done at the moment of attribute value entering or later on user’s request.


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Preparation of validation scheme for repeated measurement

Field-Map supports of repeated measurement in the fields covers following steps:

Step 1: Finding plot center In case of hidden plot numbering i.e. when plot is not visibly marked in the field it is necessary to navigate to the plot center. Navigation is done using above described navigation tools to the center of the plot. Accuracy of the navigation is usually done with accuracy of several meters and therefore Field-Map finds the plot center using existing map of tree positions. Using several trees which can be distinguished both on the map and in the field it is possible to find plot center with accuracy better than 10-20 cm.

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Finding plot center using existing map of trees

Step 2: Recovering tree numbers Re-establishment of tree numbers is necessary in order to keep time series of measurement on the level of individual trees. In case of so called hidden tree numbering the trees can be identified using tree co-ordinates and also tree description.

Recovering of tree numbers uses same procedure as mapping of trees. Get equipment positioned, start tree mapping and shoot with laser rangefinder to a tree. Upon shooting to the tree Field-Map map shows trace of the laser beam (from equipment position to the target) and circle of search tolerance. Due to the accuracy limits of measurement equipment it is hardly possible to reach exactly same co-ordinates of target trees when measuring to the target position on the surface of trunk. In practice there will be always some difference in millimeters or centimeters. Therefore the direct identification using tree co-ordinates is not possible. Instead of that Field-Map uses search tolerance for searching of neighbor trees which are still “available” for tree identification. In practice there is often not necessary to shoot with laser rangefinder to every tree. Especially in less dense forest stands it is possible to identify tree visually and click to the tree position just by pen. If new (ingrowth) tree is mapped then it is necessary to give him new ID rather than identifying it with one of the original trees.


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Recovering tree numbers

In some cases it may happen that tree position has been mapped wrong in previous measurement. In such a case it is possible to use “Move point” function and correct the position. Description of any change done to the old layer is automatically stored in OldChangesLog table which is part of Field-Map project.

Step 3: Attributing On-line verification is run automatically whenever the attribute value has changed. New value is compared with the old one and if the difference is found then the confirmation dialog appears. User has three options for choice:

• Both new and old value are accepted, i.e. the change is being approved and recorded,

• Old value is found to be correct and new value is replaced by old value

• New value is found to be correct and old value is replaced by new value; in such a case the description of the change is automatically recorded to OldChangesLog table and therefore all changes to old data are well described and can be reversed if necessary.

In order to make this type of validation available the option of “Old change” needs to be activated during data preparation.

If for some reason the old value of attribute is missing then the old value is automatically filled by the new value.

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Resolving changes of attribute values

1.8 Validation of data Verification and validation of data is done using built-in tools and user-defined checks. The data are passing following steps of validation:

1. Locking layers and attributes

2. Min/max values

3. User-defined lookup lists and conditional lookup lists

4. Conditional layer appearance

5. Verification of data of repeated measurement

6. Identification of missing data

7. Complete check of database integrity

8. User-defined rules for plausibility check (Field-Map Object Pascal scripting)


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Some of the steps prevent entering invalid data, the others enable user to identify inconsistent data. Most of the data validation routines are used in the field. Thus the data are validated during fieldwork and checked before field team leaves monitoring plot.

System of data validation can be fully adjusted according to the methodological requirements. User-defined scripts can be connected to OnValidate and OnChange events which automatically occur when data are entered or edited. Due to the comprehensive possibilities of Field-Map Object Pascal scripting it is possible to perform simple or complex calculations and validations which compares value of checked attribute with other relevant data.

1.9 User-developed extensions Field-Map represents an open system which can be adjusted by user in many ways. The top level possibilities of extending of Field-Map functionality are presented by Field-Map extenstions.

Field-Map uses scripting language based on Object Pascal. User-written scripts for additional user-defined functionality (on-change, on-validate events, on-demand routines) written in Field-Map Object Pascal gives a possibility of adjustments of data collection routine.

On-demand extensions and user-defined data forms can be also prepared in form of dynamic libraries (DLL). Predefined headers of libraries enable connection of such extensions to Field-Map.

1.10 Data processing tools Field-Map itself has functionality for pre-processing of data (Field-Map Data Processing Tools):

1. Calculation of missing tree heights

Usually only part of the trees is measured for the height during fieldwork. Field-Map provides tool for modelling of relationship between diameter at breast height and tree height by species (and strata if required). Based on the model which is parameterized for measured sample trees it is possible to calculate height for those tree which were not measured in the field. Support of user defined height curve functions (models).

2. Tree-volume calculation using user-defined volume equations

Volume calculation based on German local volume equations can be performed already during field measurement using user-defined scripts connected to OnChange event of relevant attributes. The other option is to calculate tree volumes during data processing phase.

3. User-defined classification

Continuous data of field measurement can be classified into classes according to the user-defined classification scheme. Classification is often used for diameter classes, age classes etc.

4. User-defined re-classification

Classified data can be re-classified according to the user-defined re-classification scheme. Typical example of re-classification is grouping of species into species groups.

5. Aggregation

Minimum, maximum, count, total, sample variance, standard deviation, standard error, mean and median can be calculated. It is for instance possible to calculate mean and standard error of tree defoliation by monitoring plots and store resulted values into relevant attributes of monitoring plots.

6. SQL updates

SQL commands can be used within Field-Map Data Processing Tools in order to calculate and store new attribute values. Newly created attributes are automatically added to Field-Map database structure.


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2 Technical specification

2.1 Field-MapField-MapField-MapField-Map software Field-Map software consists of two separate parts: Field-Map Project Manager and Field-Map Data Collector. Software tools for file conversion and data handling and software module Field-MapField-MapField-MapField-Map Forest3D for 3D visualization are delivered together with Field-Map

2.1.1 Field-Map Project Manager Using Field-Map Project Manager, the user can easily define a structure of his database (i.e. Field-Map project) based on his own methodology. Within one project, the user can have many different layers with many different attributes. Field-Map supports multi-level relational database and at the same time the user can collect data for many different plots or study sites within a single project. Using Field-Map Project Manager the user can develop rather complex databases but the work is very fast and intuitive. No programming is necessary to develop a custom software application.

Basic functions and features of Field-Map Project Manager:

Description More information

open, flexible and variable system for data collecting and mapping especially in forest

- customizing the software to applied methodology

preparation of projects - no programming capabilities required to develop and run comprehensive field data collection projects

relational hierarchical database - multiple layers arranged in tree-like database structure supporting one-to-many, one-to-one and many-to-one relationships

user-written scripts for additional user-defined functionality

- on-change, on-validate events, on-demand routines written in Field-Map Object Pascal

export to many industry formats - MS Access, Paradox, Excel, DBase, XML

transfer data between projects - backup of data

- divide of field work to many teams

check database integrity and check data routine - check database integrity also deals with relations of lookup lists and checks multiple plots

create set of plots function - multiple creating of plots (for example for whole nation forest inventory)

support of sub circles and segments - segment = part of a plot for assessment of tree diameter limit

variable size of plots - variable size of a plot allows deciding how big the plot will be directly in the field

- variable size of a plot can be used only on circular plots.

Interpretation plot - part of a plot for lines and polygons where trees are not mapped

repeated measurement of trees on permanent plots

- recovering tree numbers using tree coordinates

- on-line validation

- off-line validation

- previous measure correction


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background map composition - can be collect from raster and vector formats

combine shapefiles - combine shapefiles tool pastes entities from all selected plots (in local co-ordinates) into one shapefile and converts it to global co-ordinates of selected projection

administration of layers - enable / disable data editing

- enable / disable mapping

- enable / disable pan mapping

edit map symbols - single classification

- unique value classification

- custom symbols (line layers)

print project structure - many functions for print

2.1.2 Field-Map Data Collector Having database structure ready it is possible to start the fieldwork immediately. Field-Map Data Collector automatically adjusts its interface according to the user project. Field-Map directly supports field electronic measurement devices (GPS, laser rangefinder, electronic inclinometer, electronic compass, electronic caliper) and gives the user possibility to map and measure in the field. The basic principle is very simple: the user gets the position (GPS, map or local co-ordinate system) and using measurement devices it records position and dimensions of trees. General mapping functionality enables mapping of points and lines; the user can build polygons using lines-to-polygons transformation. Special GIS features are used for trees, deadwood and transects. Each entity can be described by attributes. Field-Map has extensive functionality to increase productivity of fieldwork. Continuous geo-referencing gives their user possibility of free movement within a plot, numbers of different methods of tree height measurement simplify work in harsh conditions, etc. After collecting data, the user can immediately verify it, by using visualization and validity checking routines. Basic functions and features of Field-Map Data Collector:


mapping of points/lines/polygons - using GPS

- using rangefinder and compass

- using electronic tachymeter

- using pan

- input data from keyboard

types of attributes – number, string, logical, date, time, picture, movie, voice memo

- + special attributes supported by electronic devices (height, diameter, length)

lookup tables, conditional lookup tables, conditional appearance of layer

- possibility of active/inactive lookup tables directly in the field

import map and attributes - supported formats: ESRI Shapefiles, ArcInfo Coverages, Digital Exchange Format, MSAccess, DBase, MSExcel, Paradox...

Lines-to-polygons transformation (topological or non-topological polygons; clean and build polygons)

- unlimited number of lines or polygon layers

field navigation using rangefinder and compass or GPS - clockwise navigation for laser rangefinder and compass

validity checking routine - check missing or incomplete data functions

continuous georeferencing - a system of temporary reference points (captured by laser or GPS) established in the


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Description More information field allows the user to move freely within the study area without loosing the georeference of the current measurement point

support of external user defined modules - possibility to easy connect user defined module and extend functions

support of trees measuring, crown projections, crown profiles and stem profiles

- direct drawing of projections and profiles

- check of relation between crown projection and crown profile

mapping of deadwoods - calculation of deadwood volume inside plot or whole deadwood

pole positron for tree mapping - in front of tree

- left site

- right site

repeated measurement of trees on permanent plots - recovering tree numbers using tree coordinates

- on-line validation

- off-line validation

- previous measure correction

support of transect - show trees on transect

- depth of view

- colour tree species

- smooth functions

support of electronic devices, connection via cable, BlueTooth, radio signal

- laser rangefinder, electronic compass, electronic tachymeter, GPS, electronic caliper

support of non-electronic devices – input data from keyboard - for example: altimeter Sunto, tape measure, mechanical compass, etc.

support of tree height measuring - 5 modes for tree height measuring

support of measuring slant tree - 2 modes for slant tree measuring

traversing - close or open traverse with adjustment using Bowditch method

remote diameter measurement - using special scope combined with laser rangefinder ForestPro/Impulse

unlimited size and shape of plots - possibility to choose size and shape of plot directly in field

- predefine size and shape of plot

support of segments and concentric circles - parts of plot for mapping of trees from set (limit) diameter

support of interpretation plot - part of plot for lines and polygons where trees are not mapped

support of variable size of plot - Variable size of a plot allows to decide how big plot will be directly in the field

set of coordinates systems - local/global coordinates systems

- unlimited conversion between coordinates systems

displaying background map (vector and raster formats) - displaying of background map composition

- create image catalogue

other tools for work with map - create parallel line


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Description More information - create buffer

- create grid

- offset line

- etc.

union polygons function - enable e.g. union crow projections and calculate sheltering per cent off the tree crown projection

2.1.3 Field-Map Forest 3D This module allows 3D visualization of Field-Map plot area. The user can move around in the computer generated forest, identify entities by the mouse and export views to bitmaps.

2.1.4 Field-Map Data Processing Tools and Dendro Module


Calculation of missing tree heights - calculate height for those tree which were not measured in the field

- predefined models

- enable apply user defined models

Tree-volume calculation using user-defined volume equations - enable use local volume equations

User-defined classification - classification into classes according to the user-defined classification scheme

User-defined re-classification - Classified data can be re-classified according to the user-defined re-classification scheme

Aggregation - Minimum

- maximum

- count

- total

- sample variance

- standard deviation

- standard error

- mean

- median

SQL updates - calculate and store new attribute values

2.1.5 Software tools for file conversion and data handling Software tools for file conversion and data handling are special GIS tools to optimize GIS layers (shapefiles) and data tables handling. List of actual software tools is available on http://www.fieldmap.cz/tools.php.

2.1.6 Other information • Operating system: Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/Xp

• Minimum hardware requirements: 32MB RAM, 250MB HDD, monochrome VGA display, one serial port RS232C

• Optimum hardware configuration: 128MB RAM, 2GB HDD, color SVGA display, audio input/output

• Software modules:


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o Basic: project development and data management; multi-level hierarchical relational database; point/line/polygon mapping; support of laser rangefinder; import/export data; lines-to-polygons transformation for building topological and non-topological polygons; lookup lists + conditional lookup lists + conditional layer appearance; field navigation using laser rangefinder; continuous positioning; support of user extensions; etc.

o Forestry: trees + crown projections + crown profiles + stem profiles/deadwood/transects; support of electronic caliper; tree height measurement; remote tree diameter measurement; support of circular plots and concentric circles; etc.

o Advanced Mapping: map projections; background maps; support of GPS; field navigation using GPS; tools for advanced mapping (grids, buffers, etc.).

• Data formats:

o ArcView shapefiles for Field-Map map layers (background map supports also Arc/Info coverages, DGN (MicroStation Design File), DXF (Digital eXchange Format, DWG (AutoCAD Drawing Database), Arc/Info Grid, MrSid, TIFF, JPEG, BIL, BIP, BSQ, ERDAS Imagine, ERDAS gis, SUN raster, Impell bitmap)

o Paradox tables for attributes (quick export to MS Access and dBase)

• Documentation: two printed manuals: tutorial + user guide (English language), video tutorial

2.2 Field-MapField-MapField-MapField-Map hardware Field-Map software provides a smooth communication between field computer and external measurement devices.

Field-Map uses a set of devices. An example for three dimensional mapping of forest ecosystems:

• A laser range finder combined with an electronic inclinometer and compass is used for distance measurement and for determining vertical and horizontal angles.

• An electronic caliper is used for measuring tree diameters.

• A GPS (global positioning system) can be used for georeferencing field measurements. The whole technology is operated by PC compatible field computer running Field-Map software.

2.2.1 Example of supported hardware

2.2.1.1 Laser rangefinder and electronic inclinometer ForestPro

The ForestPro laser rangefinder and electronic inclinometer can acquire range from a wide variety of reflective targets (prisms, reflectors, signs and tapes). The cooperative design feature of this laser was implemented to ensure outstanding operability in dense brush environments.

• Rugged, waterproof, one-piece aluminum housing built for every working environment

• 6 digit backlit LCD display provides readability for day and night operation

• Audio and visual indicators assure confidence of positive target acquisition

• Accomplish a variety of tasks with on-board solutions for height, horizontal distance, vertical distance, percent slope and grads

• Determine traverse lengths or perimeters with the internal cumulative distance capability

• The range difference mode applies constant offsets to your measurements or determines the distance between two in-line objects

• When necessary, use range gating to ensure target readings are only within your specified work area

• RS232 serial output gives you the option to store data externally; data is transferred either automatically or by a manual key press

Specifications: Size: 15.2 x 6.4 x 12.7 cm

Weight: 1 kg

Laser sensor


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• Maximum Range: 575 m

• Range Accuracy:

� 3 cm to a white target at 50 m

� 5 cm to a gray target at 150 m

• Range Resolution: 0.01 degrees

Tilt sensor

• Inclination Limits: +/- 90 deg.

• Inclination Accuracy: +/- 0.1 deg., typical

Environmental

• Temperature: -30 to +60 oC

• Sealing: Waterproof to IP 67 and NEMA 6

• Eye Safety: FDA Class 1 (21 CFR 1040)

• Power Supply: 2 AA batteries - up to 20 hours of use

2.2.1.2 Scope (monocular) for measurement of remote diameters (for ForestPro)

The scope is composed of high quality glass lenses and a patented reticle with both a crosshair and concentric circles. With the help of the reticle it is possible to measure tree and branch diameters at various angles and random directions. The scope zooming factor ranging from 1.5 to 5 makes measurement from different distances easy. Specifications: Total length: 240 mm

Weight: 400 g

Optic Magnified: 1.5 – 5x

Objective optical diameter: 20 mm

Environmental: water and dust resistant, IP 65

Operation Temperature: -20,0 °C to +50,0 °C

Diameter accuracy: 1-2 cm for diameters around 30-50 cm (under typical field conditions)

2.2.1.3 Electronic compass MapStar II

MapStar II is small, lightweight, and rugged electronic compass and is built to survive in any environment: just like the ForestPro.

• Rugged, waterproof, one-piece aluminum housing built for every working environment

• digit, backlit, LCD display provides readability in light and dark conditions

• Audio and visual indicators assure confidence of positive azimuth acquisition RS232 serial output gives you the option to store data externally; data is

• transferred either automatically or by a manual key press

• Recall the factory calibration or calibrate on site to minimize the effects of local attractions

• Create a Reference circle to work with based on any local coordinate system

• Special calibration routine for use nearby strong magnetic anomalies Specifications: Size: 31 x 5 x 3 cm

Weight: 570 g

Construction: Extruded Aluminum

Compass sensor

• Type: Electronic Fluxgate

• Accuracy: +/- 0.5 degrees

• Repeatability: +/- 0.1 degrees

• Resolution: 0.1 degrees


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Serial communication

• Type: RS232

• Format: NMEA 0183

User interface

• Keypad: 6 multi-function keys

• LCD Display: 4 digits with graphic indicators

• Warnings: Audible and Visual

Environmental

• Temperature: -30 to +50 °C

• Sealing: Water/Dust Resistant: NEMA 3, IP54

• Power Supply: 2 AA batteries - up to 15 hours of use

2.2.1.4 Field computer

Each computer should be chosen according to conditions where it will be used. As most important parameters can be considered weight, lasting of batteries and robustness. Weight and lasting of batteries are influencing comfort of work. Robustness, usually expressed as IP (Ingress Protection) is a crucial factor of whole technology. We recommend using computers with IP at least 54 in standard conditions and IP 66/67 in tropical conditions.

Field-Map can work with any computer with these parameters:

- Operating system: Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/Xp

- Minimum parameter requirements: 32MB RAM, 250MB HDD, monochrome VGA display, one serial port RS232C

2.2.1.5 GPS

Field-Map can work with any GPS supported communication based on NMEA 0183 (via serial port or Bluetooth)

2.2.1.6 Electronic calipers

Field-Map support Swedish electronic calipers Mantax computer, Mantax DigiTech and DigiTech Professional (producer: Haglof).

2.2.2 Field-Map with monopod or harness?

There are 2 principal possibilities how can be Field-MapField-MapField-MapField-Map used: technology can be installed on monopod or on harness and monopod.

Field-MapField-MapField-MapField-Map Technology with monopod

When using Field-Map with monopod, all the technology (computer, laser rangefinder, compass) is installed on monopod and operated by one person while the second is moving reflector target to mark exact position of entities. Technology on monopod is better to use when visibility on plot enables to map many features from one position. Only one specialist, educated to operate with electronic devices, is required when this configuration is used. Second person usually operate only with reflector and any special training isn’t required.


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Fig. 2. Examples of Field-Map technology with monopod

Field-MapField-MapField-MapField-Map Technology with harness and monopod Field-Map Hardware alternative to monopod is technology with monopod (laser rangefinder and compass) and harness (tablet computer), wireless communication up to 60 m (optionally up to 100 m). Field-Map with harness is operated again with 2 persons, one is working with computer (on harness), which is connected wireless with laser rangefinder and compass (on monopod). The main advantage is that the weight of the equipment is divided in 2 persons, that’s why this technology is preferred when mapping large forest borders, when long distances between plots must be overcome by foot etc. Another advantage is also that expert with computer can walk freely around the plot and make various inventory. Field-Map on monopod is actually used for NFI in Russia. Two educated persons are required to operate with this technology.

Fig. 3. Examples of Field-Map technology with harness (tablet computer, on the left) and monopod (laser

rangefinder and compass, on the right)


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3 Field-Map LT Field-Map Lt is a field data collection tool for Pocket PC. It is designed for foresters who need light-weight devices for collecting tree data on statistical forest inventory plots.

Field-Map Lt runs on Windows CE computers. Such lite and inexpensive solutions is ideal for working in ruggid terrain where weight of device matters.

A laser range finder combined with an electronic inclinometer and compass are used for distance measurement and for determining vertical and horizontal angles. An electronic calliper is used for measuring tree diameters. A GPS may be used for navigation to the plot. The whole technology is operating by a pocket PC computer running Field-Map lite software.

Field-Map lite provides for smooth communication between field computer and external measurement devices. Up to now we have focused on measuring trees and their attributes. Other features such as polygons etc. will be also available in final release.

Project definition is saved in XML format.

Attribute values can be:

� Data sent from electronic devices

� Numbers and characters

� Default values

� Predefined lookup list values

Data in XML document can be easily transferred between platforms.

Georeferenced raster images can be used as background maps. Field-Map lite supports number of projections.


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3.1 Comparison of Field-MapField-MapField-MapField-Map LT and Field-MapField-MapField-MapField-Map

FM Lt FM Geographic entities

Point + +

Line +

Polygon +

Tree + +

Deadwood +

Transect +

Attributes

Numeric + +

Alphanumeric + +

Logical + +

Date, Time + +

Memo +

Picture, Video, Voice +

Category – lookup list + Data submitted by electronic equipment (height, diameter)

+ +

Database relationship

One to one +

One to many + +

Many to one +

Data organization

Multiple plots + +

Multiple layers + +

Multiple attributes + +

Plot types

Circular + +

Rectangular +

Polygonal +

User defined plot size + +

Concentric circles + +

Georeferencing

Local coordinates + +

Predefined projections + +

User defined projections +

Continuous georeferencing + +

Field navigation

Using GPS + +

Using laser + compass + +

FM Lt FM

Export

To Access +

To DBase +

Forest Functions

Crown projection +

Crown profile +

Stem profile + Tree height 3 modes 5 modes

Slant tree +

Remote tree diameter + +

Import

ESRI Shapefiles + +

ArcInfo Coverages +

Digital Exchange Format +

Microstation Design File +

MSAccess +

DBase +

Paradox +

Text +

External devices

NMEA – 0183 compliant + +

GPS + +

Laser rangefinders + +

Electronic compass + +

Electronic caliper + +

Background map

Image formats only jpg and bmp +

Vector formats only

shapefile +

Utility

Build polygons +

Close traverse + “Conditional” layer activation +

Virtual keyboard + +

Default values + +

Buffer +

Grid +

Parallel line +

Smooth line +

Other

Extensions (modules) +


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4 References

4.1 National Forest Inventories Field-Map system has been originally developed for the purpose of the national forest inventories. Currently it is the only software and hardware solution which is being used in multiple national forest inventories. The idea behind Field-Map for NFIs is a continuous development of the software product, which is flexible enough to cover all requirements of various NFI methodologies. Such a solution is significantly more efficient than costly development and maintenance of complete solution in individual countries.

Implementation of Field-Map technology varies in various countries. In all cases the data collection tool is being used in combination with measurement and mapping electronic devices. In some countries also the Field-Map central database and data processing solution are being used. In all cases very important role plays the Field-Map feature for the support of multiple field teams. The largest project is represented by the National Forest Inventory of Russian Federation with nearly 300 field teams.

The following countries already use Field-Map in their NFI programmes:

1. Czech Republic (since 2000, 2.5 mil. ha)

2. Slovakia (since 2003, 2.2 mil. ha)

3. Ireland (since 2003, 0.7 mil. ha)

4. Iceland (since 2004, 31 th. ha)

5. Hungary (since 2006, 1.8 mil. ha)

6. Ukraine (since 2006, 9.6 mil. ha)

7. Russian Federation (since 2007, 1,100 mil ha)

8. Cape Verde (since 2008, 80 th. ha)


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4.2 List of Field-MapField-MapField-MapField-Map users and reference projects

Since Name of institution Town Country Mode of application or project Name

1999 Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape Protection of the

Czech Republic Prague Czech

Republic Virgin forest research, forest inventory

1999 Institute of Systems Biology and

Ecology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

Ceske Budejovice

Czech Republic

Landscape mapping, forest inventory

2000 Institute of Botany

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

Pruhonice Czech Republic

Population dynamics and clonal growth of Spartocytisus supranubius (Fabaceae), a

dominant shrub in the alpine zone of Tenerife, Canary Islands – Spain

2000 Face Foundation Arnhem The Netherlands

Field Carbon Stock Monitoring Campaign in Mt. Elgon National Park – Uganda

2000 Forest Management Institute Brandys nad Labem

Czech Republic

National Forest Inventory of the Czech Republic

2000 Institute of Nature Conservation Brusell Belgium Vulnerability of biodiversity in the Agro-

ecosystem as influenced by Green Veining and Land-use Intensity, Greenveins

2000 Université de Rennes Rennes France Vulnerability of biodiversity in the Agro-


2000 Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle

Leipzig-Halle Germany Vulnerability of biodiversity in the Agro-



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2000 University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Vulnerability of biodiversity in the Agro-


2000 Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule Zurich Switzerland

Vulnerability of biodiversity in the Agro-ecosystem as influenced by Green Veining

and Land-use Intensity, Greenveins

2000 Plant Research International B.V Wageningen The Netherlands



2000 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris France



2000 Alterra Wageningen The Netherlands



2002 The University of Wales Swansea Aberystwyth United Kingdom Carbon stock inventory, forest inventory

2002 Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno Brno Czech

Republic Forest research, forest inventory,

education

2003 University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA Forest research, forest inventory, education

2003 Byelorussian State Technological University

Minsk Byelorussia Forest research, forest inventory, education

2003 Forest Research Institute Baden-Wuerttemberg Freiburg Germany

Hardware and software test of the Field-Map Technology for the forest inventory in Baden-Wuerttemberg

2003 VSB TU - Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech

Republic Landscape mapping, education

2003 Czech University of Agriculture in Prague Prague Czech

Republic Forest research, forest inventory,

education

2003 Irish Forest Service Wexford Ireland National Forest Inventory of Ireland

2004 Iceland Forest Service Mogilsa Iceland National Fore st Inventory of Iceland

2004 Forest Research Institute Zvolen Slovak Republic

National Forest Inventory of Slovak Republic

2004 Forest Research and Management Institute (ICAS) Voluntari Romania FORESAT & Analyze and Protection of the

Virgin Forests in Romania

2004 TechInLes Charkov Ukraine

Transfer of advanced methodological and technological knowledge in the field of

inventory and monitoring of forest ecosystems

2004 National Park Podyji Znojmo Czech Republic

Forest Management Planning in Podyji National Park

2004 Bavarian State Institute of Forestry (LWF) Freising Germany

Monitoring of the natural development of forest stand structure in the Bavarian Strict

Forest Reserves

2004 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Rome Italy Forest Resource Assessment Program

FAO-FRA

2004 Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche

Versuchsanstalt (forest institute)

Göttingen Germany Virgin forest research, forest inventory

2005 Technical University in Zvolen Zvolen Slovak Republic Natural forest research

2005 Yayasan Sabah Group Kota Kinabalu Malaysia Carbon stock monitoring in Sabah

2005 Landesforstanstalt Eberswalde (forest institute) Eberswalde Germany Virgin forest research


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2005 University of the Province of Tolima Ibague Colombia

Biophysical and Socioeconomic characterization of the Galilea Forest in its

area of influence. Province of Tolima.Colombia

2005 Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany Virgin forest research

2006 Institute for Forestry and Game Management (A.M.I.N.A.L)

Geraardsbergen

Belgium Monitoring research in unmanaged forest reserves in Flanders - Belgium

2006 Korean Rural Economic Institute Seoul Korea Adaptation of the Field-Map technology in the management of the Korean forests

2006 University “Agraria La Molina” Lima Peru

Validation of the statement of the Caoba (Swietenia macrophylla) in

the Madre de Dios and Ucayali provinces - Peru

2006 Forest and Range Management Research Institute (ISAFA)

Villazzano Italy

Forest Management plan in the province of Vattataro

Survey and assessment of vegetation in the CONEFOR permanent plots

2006 Dvorianskaja Usadba Sankt-Petersburg Russia Landscape and park planning and mapping

2007 State Forest Service Budapest Hungary National Forest Inventory of Hungary

2007 University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Ljubljana Slovenia Forest research, forest inventory,

education

2007 Ontario Ministry of the Environment,

Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch

Toronto Canada Forest monitoring

2007 University of West Hungary, Faculty of Forestry Sopron Hungary Forest research, forest inventory,

education

2007 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Forest Ecology and Management Leuven Belgium Forest research, forest inventory,

education

2007 State Forest Service of Ukraine Kiev Ukraine National Forest Inventory of Ukraine

2007 Forest Inventory and Planning Institute Hanoi Vietnam Forest monitoring

2007 Nationalparkamt Kellerwald-Edersee

Bad Wildungen Germany Forest inventory of forest reserves

2007 CVG Bauxilum C.A. EDO Bolivar Venezuela Forest monitoring and inventory

2007 National park Sumava Vimperk Czech Republic

Biomonitoring

2007 Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien,

Department of Forest and Soil Sciences

Vienna Austria Forest research, forest inventory, education

2007 Korea Forest Research Institute Soul South Korea Forest inventory

2007 Forestry Faculty Suceava Suceava Romania Forest research, forest inventory, education

2007 State Forest Service of Russia Moscow Russia National Forest Inventory of Russia

2008 Ministerio do Ambiente e Agricultura Pria Cape Verde National Forest Inventory of Cape Verd e

2008 Forest Environmental Researcha and Services, Ltd. Dublin Ireland Forest research

2008 Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland Forest research

2008 Universita della Tuscia Viterbo Italy Forest research, forest inventory, education

2008 University of Agriculture in Krakow Krakow Poland Forest research, forest inventory, education


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2008 FORZA Ukraine Forest developement project in Zakarpattya

2008 University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia Forest research, forest inventory, education

2008 Jiří Zahradníček (private forester) Brno Czech Republic Forest management planning

5 Training Training of the Field-Map technology for two forest engineers is free of charge. If the training is in customer location customer will cover only travelling cost, accommodation and daily allowances.

6 Software update/upgrade New versions of Field-Map software are usually released every year. One year of free software upgrades is provided with every Field-Map license.

Software update is free and can be download from web pages www.fieldmap.cz.

7 Hot line service Hot line via e-mail, phone or fax is available.

8 Guarantee periods The guarantee period for the software part is two years.

The guarantee period for the hardware part is one year.

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