Imperialism inImperialism in

AsiaAsia

JapanJapan• 1853 President Fillmore sends

Commodore Perry to Japan.– Tokugawa (Isolationists)– Trade – American sailors safety

• Treaty of Kanagawa– 1854 U.S. Opens Japan– Great Britain, Russia, and Netherlands

• This was the turning point in Japanese history.

JapanJapan• 1868 Meiji Restoration

– 1860 Civil War broke out• Tokugawa and Anti-Tokugawa• Anti-Tokugawa threw the shogunate out of power

– Young emperor, named his reign, Meiji meaning – “Enlightened Rule”

– Meiji government ruled and industrialized despite European influence.

JapanJapan• 1889 Japanese Constitution

– Two major purposes• To impress western governments with Japanese

progress• To provide Japanese people with a voice (limited)

– Gave Emperor supreme power (not exercised)– Two-house national assembly – the Diet

• One house elected (limited power)• Small group of leaders acting in the name of the

Emperor held real power.

JapanJapan• Sino-Japanese War

– China claimed Korea as a dependency – 1876 Korea-Japan Trade Partnership– Japan opened three Korean ports– 1894 rebellion broke out for liberation

• Japan and China entered to end rebellion causing the brief Sino-Japanese War (1895)

– 1895 Treaty of Shimaroseki• Forced China to recognize Korea as independent• Japan took control of Taiwan

JapanJapan• 1904 Russo-Japanese War

– Russian interests in Manchuria upset Japan– 1902 Japan-Great Britain Alliance

• Very prestigious for Japan• Put pressure on Russia

– Battle at Mukden• Japan pushed Russians back

– Battle of Tsushima• Japan stunned the world

– Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)

JapanJapan• 1900 Considered Industrialists

– In less than 50 years feudal agrarian to industrialist– Urbanization– Country of exports

• 1910 Annexation of Korea– No Imperialist power objected

• 1918 WWI Peace Settlement– Japan aligned with US

• 1931 Invasion of Manchuria

ChinaChina• Manchu Dynasty 1644-1912Manchu Dynasty 1644-1912

– Rejected Industrialization and Rejected Industrialization and ModernizationModernization

– British/West Influence in China (free trade)British/West Influence in China (free trade)

• 1839 Opium Wars1839 Opium Wars– 1842 Treaty of Nanjing1842 Treaty of Nanjing– Hong KongHong Kong

ChinaChina• 1850 - 1864 Taiping and other 1850 - 1864 Taiping and other

Rebellions Weaken ChinaRebellions Weaken China– Taiping – “Heavenly Peace”Taiping – “Heavenly Peace”– Muslim RebellionsMuslim Rebellions

• 1856 Extraterritoriality Begins/Partition 1856 Extraterritoriality Begins/Partition of China Beginsof China Begins– Extraterritoriality – exemption of Extraterritoriality – exemption of

foreigners from the laws of the country in foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live or do businesswhich they live or do business

– Great Britain/Russian GainsGreat Britain/Russian Gains

ChinaChina• 1895 Sino-Japanese War1895 Sino-Japanese War

• 1899 Open Door Policy1899 Open Door Policy– All nations would have equal rights to All nations would have equal rights to

trade anywhere in Chinatrade anywhere in China– Spheres of InfluenceSpheres of Influence

• 1899 Boxer Rebellion1899 Boxer Rebellion– Society of the Harmonious FistsSociety of the Harmonious Fists– 1900 China under complete foreign 1900 China under complete foreign

dominationdomination

ChinaChina• 1911 Chinese Revolution 1911 Chinese Revolution

– Republic (Sun Yixian)Republic (Sun Yixian)• NationalismNationalism• DemocracyDemocracy• Livelihood Livelihood

– Guomindang – Chinese Nationalists PartyGuomindang – Chinese Nationalists Party• Split into socialists/Communists and Split into socialists/Communists and

ConservativesConservatives

• 1921 CCP Created1921 CCP Created– Anti-Western WarlordsAnti-Western Warlords– Soviet UnionSoviet Union

ChinaChina• 1927 Chinese Civil War Begins1927 Chinese Civil War Begins

– Nationalists (Kaishek)Nationalists (Kaishek)– Communists (Zedong)Communists (Zedong)

• 1934 The Long March1934 The Long March– Mao ZedongMao Zedong– Red ArmyRed Army– Nationalists policies backfireNationalists policies backfire

• 1937 Communists and Nationalists 1937 Communists and Nationalists make a truce to fight Japanesemake a truce to fight Japanese

IndiaIndia• British East India CompanyBritish East India Company

– The Seven Years War (1756-1763)The Seven Years War (1756-1763)– 1763 Treaty of Paris 1763 Treaty of Paris

• Indirect RuleIndirect Rule

• 1830 Britain begins imposing western 1830 Britain begins imposing western cultureculture

• 1857 Sepoy Rebellion1857 Sepoy Rebellion

IndiaIndia• 1876 Queen Victoria named Empress of 1876 Queen Victoria named Empress of

IndiaIndia

IndiaIndia• 1885 Indian National Congress founded1885 Indian National Congress founded

– Promote continued ties to Great BritainPromote continued ties to Great Britain– Despite rising Hindu Nationalists Despite rising Hindu Nationalists

MovementMovement

IndiaIndia• 1899 Begin Western Education 1899 Begin Western Education

ProgramsPrograms

• 1900 Population has doubled 1900 Population has doubled – Causing major problemsCausing major problems

IndiaIndia• 1906 Muslim League1906 Muslim League

– Muslims minority in IndiaMuslims minority in India

• 1914 WWI1914 WWI– 7 million Indians serve Great Britain7 million Indians serve Great Britain

• 1919 limited self government after 1919 limited self government after series of violentseries of violent

IndiaIndia• Independence MovementIndependence Movement

– GandhiGandhi• Passive Resistance – a form of civil Passive Resistance – a form of civil

disobedience, called for citizens to peacefully disobedience, called for citizens to peacefully refuse to cooperate with the government in refuse to cooperate with the government in order to win concessions from it.order to win concessions from it.