Improving School NutritionA Presentation for School Board

MembersJudy Terry, MPH student

Walden UniversityPH 6165-5

Instructor: Dr. Donald GoodwinFall, 2009

Improving School Nutrition(in Grades 9-12)

What Should You Know and How

Can You Help?

Role of the School Board Member in School Nutrition (Hess, 2002)

Serve your community and protect its students

Ensure healthy nutrition options are available Support nutritional programs in the schoolsBe involved and set an example

Learning Objectives

Identify the contributing factors leading to childhood

obesityUnderstand the need for improved nutrition in the

schoolDescribe the current status of school nutrition

Outline recommendations for a good school nutrition

programIdentify ways in which you can support the

implementation of a healthy nutrition program in

your school district

Obesity

•Definition: Body Mass Index (BMI) (CDC, 2009a)

• Calculation of body fat using height and weight

• Obesity = >95% percentile for children

Obesity (CDC, 2009b)

Obesity Prevalence: 13% of High School Students (CDC, 2008a)

16.3% males9.6% females

Obesity

• Prevalence by Race (CDC, 2008a)

Black 18.3%Hispanic 16.6%White 10.8%

• Tripled in past 30 years (Daniels, Jacobson, McCrindle, Eckel & Sanner, 2009)

Health

•Health Consequences (Daniels et al., 2009)

• Cardiovascular Disease• Diabetes• Asthma• Stroke• Sleep Apnea• Cancer

Psychosocial

•Cultural and Societal Consequences (CDC, 2008b)

• Body Image

• Nutrition

•Ate fruits and vegetables-21.4%•Drinking milk-14.1%•Trying to lose weight-45.2%

(CDC, 2008c)

Psychosocial

•Cultural and Societal Consequences

• Psychosocial (Daniels et al., 2009)•Self-Esteem•Bullying•Depression•School Performance

Contributing Factors to Obesity and Poor Nutrition

Genetics (CDC, 2009a)

Metabolism (USDHHS, 2000)

Socioeconomic Status (Johnson-Down, O’Loughlin, Koski, & Gray-

Donald, 1997)(Vieweg, Johnson, Lanier, Fernandez, & Pandurangi, 2007)

Contributing Factors to Obesity and Poor Nutrition

Home Environment ( CDC, 2009a)

Day Care-80%

Contributing Factors to Obesity and Poor Nutrition

Physical Activity (CDC, 2008b)

P.E. Classes – 53.6% Television Viewing >3 Hrs per day-35.4% Computer Use > 3 Hrs per day-24.9%

Contributing Factors to Obesity and Poor (CDC, 2008d)

Current Status of School Nutrition

Vending Machines (O’Toole, Anderson, Miller, & Guthrie, 2007)

89.4% High Schools

Beverages (O’Toole et al., 2007)Soda PopFruit Juices

Competitive Foods (GAO, 2005)

Healthy People 2010 (USDHHS, 2000)

•Healthy People 2010

•Goal: To reduce childhood obesity to 5 percent

•Goal: Reduce chronic diseases associated with obesity

Nutritional Programs

National School Lunch Program – 1946 (GAO, 2005)28 Million

School Breakfast Program – 1975 (GAO, 2005)8 Million Lower BMI (Gleason, Briefel, Wilson, & Dodd,

2009)

School Meals Initiative for Healthy Children – 1995 (GAO, 2005)

Emphasis on Education

Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act – 2004 (Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004)

Wellness Policies

Recommendations for Improving School Nutrition (Ralston, Buzby, & Guthrie,

2003)

Assess your school district’s healthProvide healthy food choices in school Allow student input to menu choicesProvide access to drinking water in schoolsPromote growing and consumption of local

produceAllow time for students to eatImprove cafeteria ambianceAllow time for physical activityEducate teachers, children, and parents

What Can School Board Members Do? (O’Toole et al., 2007)

Support provision of healthy food choicesSupport nutrition educationSupport physical educationSupport teachersSupport fundingBe involved and set an example

Recap of Learning Objectives

Identify the contributing factors leading to childhood obesityUnderstand the need for improved nutrition in the schoolDescribe the current status of school nutritionOutline recommendations for a good school nutrition programIdentify ways in which you can support the implementation of a healthy nutrition program in your school district

Additional Resources Websites:

American Heart Association at: www.americanheart.org

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at: www.cdc.gov

Education Development Center at: www.edc.org

Institute of Medicine at: www.iom.edu

National School Boards Association at: www.nsba.org

School Nutrition Association at: www.schoolnutrition.org

U.S. Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service at: www.fns.usda.gov

References

CDC. (2008a). Healthy youth! YRBSS Youth Online: Comprehensive Results. Centers for Disease Control. Atlanta, GA. Retrieved 10/29/09 from: http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/yrbss/QuestYearTable.asp?path=byHT&ByVar=CI&cat=5&quest=507&year=2007&loc=XX

CDC. (2008b). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance-United States, 2007. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 57. No. SS-4. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/yrbs/pdf/yrbss07_mmwr.pdf

CDC. (2008c) Trends in the prevalence of obesity, dietary behaviors, and weight control practices national YRBS: 1991-2007. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/pdf/yrbs07_us_obesity_diet_wt_control_trend.pdf

CDC. (2008d). Trends in the prevalence of physical activity national YRBS: 1991-2007. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/pdf/yrbs07_us_physical_activity_trend.pdf

References

CDC. (2009a). Childhood overweight and obesity. Centers for Disease Control. Atlanta, GA. Retrieved 10/11/09 from: http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/index.html

CDC.(2009b). About BMI for children and teens. Centers for Disease Control. Atlanta, GA. Retrieved 10/29/09 from: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/childrens_bmi/about_childrens_bmi.html

Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004, Pub. L. No. 108-265, § 118, Stat. 729 (2004). Retrieved from: http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Governance/Legislation/Historical/PL_108-265.pdf

Daniels, S., Jacobson, M., McCrindle, B., Eckel, R. & Sanner, B. (2009). American Heart Association Childhood Obesity Research Summit. Circulation. 119:2114-2123. Available at: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/119/15/2114

References:

GAO. (2005). School meal programs. Competitive foods are widely available and generate substantial revenues for schools. (Report No GAO-05-563). Government Accountability Office. Retrieved from: http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-05-563

Gleason, P. Briefel, R., Wilson, A., & Dodd, A. (2009). School meal program participation and its association with dietary patterns and childhood obesity (Report No. 55). United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from: http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/CCR55/

Hess, F. M. (2002). School boards at the dawn of the 21st century. Conditions and challenges of district governance. A report prepared for the National School Boards Association. Retrieved from: http://www.nsba.org/MainMenu/ResourceCenter/SurveysStudiesandEvaluations/SchoolBoardsattheDawnofthe21stCentury.aspx

Johnson-Down, L., O’Loughlin, J., Koski, K., & Gray-Donald, K. (1997). High prevalence of obesity in low income and multiethnic schoolchildren: A diet and physical activity assessment. The Journal of Nutrition. 127(12), 2310-2315. Retrieved from: http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/127/12/2310

References

O’Toole, T., Anderson, S., Miller, C., & Guthrie, J. (2007). Nutrition services and foods and beverages available at school: results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006. Journal of School Health. 77(8): 500-521. Available at: http://www.ashaweb.org/files/public/JOSH_1007/JOSH_77_8_o_toole_p_500.pdf

Ralston, K., Buzby, J., & Guthrie, J. (2003). A healthy school meal environment (Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Report 34-5). United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from: http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/fanrr34/fanrr34-5/fanrr34-5.pdf

USDHHS. (2000). Healthy People 2010. 2nd edition. Volume 2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Washington, D.C. Available at: http://healthypeople.gov/Document/pdf/Volume2/19Nutrition.pdf.

References

Vieweg, V., Johnson, C., Lanier, J., Fernandez, A., & Pandurangi, A. (2007). Correlation between high risk obesity groups and low socioeconomic status in school children. Southern Medical Journal. 100(1). Retrieved from: http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Correlation+between+high+risk+obesity+groups+and+low+socioeconomic...-a0158957732