ims project report

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Institute Management System 2009

Developed by: Malhar Vora, Vikash Kumar Singh, Jigal Ahir Page 1

SRK Institute

Of

Computer and Management Studies

Institute Management System

By

Malhar L. Vora

Jigal K. Ahir

Vikash Kumar Singh

In the year

2008-2009

Guided By Monitoring Faculty

Mr. Sameer Thacker Mr. Sameer Thacker


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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Malhar L. Vora, Miss. Jigal K. Ahir and

Mr. Vikash Kumar Singh, students of third year BCA have successfully

completed their final year project titled Institute Management System

towards partial fulfillment of the requirements of Bachelor of ComputerApplication at SRK Institute of Computer and Management Studies

during period June 2008 to March 2009.

Monitoring Faculty Head


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would not miss the opportunity towards, Mr. Sameer Thacker our

project guide and Monitoring Faculty who, in their informal manners provide lots

of valuable information, helps and guidance. I am equally thankful to all staffmembers of SRK Institute for their number of valuable guidance and their

intellectually rich discussion.

We are indebted all the staff members of our Computer Department for

providing their precious help and advice, throughout project period.2

Finally, we would like to thank to our entire surrounded person who have

played a very important role in growing our career by providing their constant co-

operation and encouragement throughout my tenure of the course.

Malhar L. Vora

Vikash Kumar Singh

Jigal K. Ahir


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INDEX

Particulars Page No

1 Project Profile

i Project Title

ii Project Members

iii Project Duration

iv Project Guide

v Objectives

vi Tools

Vii Development Environment

Vii System Requirements

2 Client Profile

3 Project Details

i System Analysis

A.Problem IdentificationB.Proposed SolutionC.Feasibility Study

ii System Design

A.Data DictionaryB.ER DiagramsC.Data Flow Diagrams

4 Input / Output Design

A.System Screenshots5 Testing

6 Implementation

7 Development tools description

8 Future Offshoots

9 Bibliography


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1. Project Profile


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I. Project TitleInstitute Management System

II. Project MembersMalhar L. Vora

Vikash Kumar Singh

Jigal K. Ahir

III. Project DurationStart Date: 01-12-2008

End Date: 07-02-2009

IV. Project GuideMr. Sameer Thacker

V. ObjectivesAutomation of Student Admission Process

Provide an interface to find any detail about any student

Automation of course management

Automation of staff detail management

Provide an interface to find any detail about any staff member

Facilitate all above systems in networked environment

VI. ToolsFront End

Microsoft Visual Basic 2005 / .Net Framework 2.0


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Back End

Microsoft SQL Server 2005

VII. Development EnvironmentOperating System

Microsoft Windows XP Professional SP2

Hardware

Intel Core2Duo 2.0 GHz

2 GB RAM

VIII. System RequirementsOperating System

Microsoft Windows XP Professional SP2 / Windows 2000

Hardware Requirements

Pentium IV

512 MB RAM

Printer

Software Requirements

Microsoft .Net Framework 2.0


Crystal Report Runtime


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2. Client Profile


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Our client is Smt. H. B. Palan College of Arts and Commerce .It is

affiliated to KSKV Kachchh University and also offers courses from

other universities. It is managed by Anjar Education Society and situated

at same campus.

The main motto of institute is to provide quality education in

nominal fees.

Following are the courses offered by Institute.

Bachelor of Arts(BA)

(KSKV Kachchh University)

Bachelor of Commerce (BCom)


Bachelor in Business Administration(BBA)

(Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University)

Diploma in Information Technology & Computer

Application(DIT)


Post Graduate Diploma in Human Resource

Management(PGDHRM)


Advanced Post Graduate Diploma in Human ResourceManagement (APGDHRM)



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In addition, Institute is going to start following courses from the

year June 2009.

Master in Information Technology (MSc IT)


Master in Human Recourse Management (MHRM)

(Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University

The institute has library facility. It also has Computer Lab having40 highly configured Computer Systems with full internet access facility.


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3. Project Details


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Proposed Solution

The Institute Management System presents a solution for all the

identified problems.

The Institute Management System stores and manages all the

details of all the courses, staff and students in separate database and in

completely secure manner. It presents an interactive user interface using

which any data regarding Courses, Staff and Students can be easilysearched. After searching and getting the desired data the system also

gives facility to print all the data or selected data. If the searched data

needed to send someone by email or any other way, it can also be

exported to various popular file formats such as Microsoft Word,

Portable Document Format (PDF), Rich Text Format and Microsoft

Excel. Data can also be exported to HTML Page so it can be used for

website.

The system is modularized and scalable therefore in future if

institute starts more courses or wants to implement another module in

the system such as Payroll, it can be easily added and managed. The

system can also take advantage of networked environment. Multiple

Computers can be used to manage system.


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Feasibility Study


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A feasibility study is undertaken to determine the possibility or

probability of their improving the existing system or developing a

completely new system. It helps to obtain an overview of the problem

and to get a rough assessment of whether feasible solution exists. This is

essential to avoid committing large resources to a project and then to

represent on it later.

TYPES:A detailed feasibility study generally is divided into three different

phases, which can be enlisted as below:

Technical feasibility

Economical feasibility

Operational feasibility or Behavioral feasibility

According to present situation in the institute, I feel that institute

is able to surpass the feasibility analysis.

Technical Feasibility:

Technical feasibility analysis is normally undertaken to find out whether

the work can be done with present equipments, current procedures,

existing software technology and available personnel.

However, institute has its own computer facilities; hence it solves the

problem of one of the primary needs i.e. the availability of computers.


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Most of the computer machines institute has Intel Pentium IV processors

with 512 MB of RAM. Moreover, they already have required hardware

and operating systems for the present system .They have Microsoft

Windows XP Professional SP2 as operating system. So ultimately theissue of having adequate technology is solved.

Economical Feasibility:

Economic feasibility analysis normally determines the costs and

expected savings of each of the alternative that may have been decided

initially while planning for the development of the system. These costsmay include onetime costs and recurring costs. The onetime costs may

include the costs for converting the existing system to new system, costs

involved of in reconstruction or remodeling of the computer room or

facilities and costs involved in installation and designing software

packages. The recurring costs could be the rental or purchase of

equipments, salaries or personnel and equipment maintenance etc.

Operational Feasibility:

Operational feasibility deals with attitude and reaction of the people who

will be the end user of the system. Will the system be used, if it is

implemented, and questions like these could be encountered while

undertaking the above types of analysis.

Due to the drawbacks of existing manual system, the management was

interested in new system. Hence, feel they would definitely have

positive approach and would support for the cause. In fact, they are

eager to know about the progress of the software systems testingplan

and its results, which is currently the phase of the proposed system.


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System Design


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Data Dictionary

Database: IMS

Database objects

Type Count

Tables 10

Views 0

Stored Procedures 8

User Defined Functions 1

User Defined Types 0

Triggers 0

Defaults 5

Rules 0

Schemas 13

XML Schema Collection 1

Total 38


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Database Tables

Type Created Columns Constraints Refers

to

Refers

from

Course 02/12/2008 8 2 1 1

Document 17/01/2009 2 1 0 1

Faculty 20/11/2008 10 1 0 0

Student 22/01/2009 33 2 1 3

Student_Documents 17/01/2009 3 3 2 0

Student_Qualification 16/01/2009 5 2 1 0

Student_Subjects 19/01/2009 3 3 2 0

Subjects 17/01/2009 3 1 0 1

University 14/12/2008 2 1 0 1


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Database Tables


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Table: Course

Table Properties

Name Value

Name Course

Created 02/12/2008

No of Rows 3

Size of Data 8 kb

Size of indexes 8 kb

Maximum size of a single row 395 bytes

Columns

Column Data Type Length Bytes Null PK FKCourseID int identity 10 4 No yes

Course_Title varchar 255 255 No

Course_Duration varchar 20 20 yes

Course_Fees bigint 19 8 Yes

Course_Total_Hours int 10 4 Yes

Course_Eligibility varchar 100 100 YesCourse_Details text (n/a) (n/a) Yes

University_ID int 10 4 yes University.University_ID

Columns descriptions

Column Description

CourseID Primary key of Course Table

Course_Title Title of Course

Course_Duration Duration of CourseCourse_Fees Fees of Course

Course_Total_Hours Total teaching hours of Course

Course_Eligibility Eligibility criteria for Course

Course_Details Other details of Course (i.e. Syllabus)

University_ID Foreign key referenced to Primary key of University Table


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Table: Document

Table Properties

Name ValueName DocumentCreated 17/01/2009

No of Rows 4

Size of Data 8 kb



ColumnsColumn Data Type Length Bytes Null PK FK

Document_ID int identity 10 4 No yes

Document_Title varchar 50 50 Yes


Column Description

Document_ID Primary key of Document Table

Document_Title Title of Document


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Table: Faculty

Table Properties

Name ValueName FacultyCreated 20/11/2008

No of Rows 3

Size of Data 8 kb


Maximum size of a single row 2,604 bytes


Faculty_ID int identity 10 4 No yes

Faculty_Name varchar 200 200 No

Faculty_Academic_Qualification varchar 200 200 yes

Faculty_Teaching_Experience varchar 50 50 Yes

Faculty_Admin_Experience varchar 50 50 Yes

Faculty_Teaching_Medium varchar 100 100 Yes

Faculty_State_Seminars varchar 500 500 Yes

Faculty_National_Seminar`s varchar 500 500 yes

Faculty_Remarks varchar 500 500 yesFaculty_Research_Pubs varchar 500 500 Yes


Column DescriptionFaculty_ID Primary key of Faculty Table

Faculty_Name Name of the Faculty

Faculty_Academic_Qualification Academic qualification of Faculty

Faculty_Teaching_Experience Teaching experience of Faculty

Faculty_Admin_Experience Administrative experience of Faculty

Faculty_Teaching_Medium Teaching medium of Faculty

Faculty_State_Seminars State level seminars given by Faculty

Faculty_National_Seminar`s National level seminars given by Faculty

Faculty_Remarks Remarks given to Faculty

Faculty_Research_Pubs Any research and publications by Faculty


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Table: Student

Table Properties

Name ValueName StudentCreated 22/01/2009

No of Rows 2

Size of Data 8 kb




Student_ID int identity 10 4 No yes

Admission_Date varchar 12 12 Yes

Full_Name varchar 30 30 Yes

Father_Name varchar 30 30 Yes

Mother_Name varchar 30 30 Yes

BirthDate varchar 12 12 Yes

BirthPlace varchar 15 15 Yes

Gender varchar 10 1 Yes

Nationality varchar 30 30 YesBloodGroup varchar 10 10 Yes

Religion varchar 15 15 Yes

Marital_Status Varchar 10 10 Yes

Permanent_Address Varchar 50 50 Yes

Permanent_City Varchar 20 20 Yes

Permanent_Tahesil Varchar 20 20 Yes

Permanent_District Varchar 20 20 Yes

Permanent_State Varchar 15 15 Yes

Permanent_Pin Varchar 10 10 Yes

Permanent_Country Varchar 20 20 Yes

Coras_Address Varchar 50 50 Yes

Coras_City Varchar 20 50 Yes

Coras_Tahesil Varchar 20 20 Yes

Coras_District Varchar 20 20 Yes

Coras_State varchar 15 15 Yes


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Column Data Type Length Bytes Null PK FK

Coras_Pin varchar 10 10 Yes

Coras_Country varchar 20 20 Yes

Phone varchar 50 50 Yes

Email varchar 50 50 Yes

Annual_Income bigint 19 8 Yes

Father_Occupation varchar 50 50 Yes

Physically_Handicaped varchar 5 5 Yes

Category varchar 20 20 yes

CourseID int 10 4 yes Course.CourseID

Columns descriptionsColumn Description

Student_ID Primary key of Student Table

Admission_Date Date of Admission of Student

Full_Name Full name of Student

Father_Name Father name of Student

Mother_Name Mother name of Student

BirthDate Date of Birth of Student

BirthPlace Place of Birth of Student

Gender Gender of Student ( Male / Female )

Nationality Nationality of StudentBloodGroup Blood Group of Student

Religion Religion of Student

Marital_Status Marital Status of Student ( Single / Married )

Permanent_Address Permanent address of Student

Permanent_City Permanent city of Student

Permanent_Tahesil Permanent tahesil of Student

Permanent_District Permanent district of Student

Permanent_State Permanent state of Student

Permanent_Pin Permanent pin of Student

Permanent_Country Permanent Country of Student

Coras_Address Correspondence address of Student

Coras_City Correspondence city of Student

Coras_Tahesil Correspondence tahesil of Student

Coras_District Correspondence district of Student

Coras_State Correspondence state of Student


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Column Description

Coras_Pin Correspondence pin code of Student

Coras_Country Correspondence country of Student

Phone Phone no of StudentEmail Email of Student

Annual_Income Annual income of guardian of Student

Father_Occupation Occupation of Student's father

Physically_Handicaped Student is physically handicapped or not

Category Category of Student ( SC, ST etc)

CourseID Foreign key referenced to Primary key of Course Table


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Table: Student_Qualification

Table Properties

Name ValueName Student_QualificationCreated 16/01/2009

No of Rows 3

Size of Data 8 kb




Qualification_ID int identity 10 4 No Yes

Student_ID int 10 4 Yes Student.Student_ID

Qualification varchar 100 100 Yes

Institute varchar 100 100 Yes

Board_University varchar 100 100 Yes


Column Description

Qualification_ID Primary key of Student_Qualification Table

Student_ID Foreign key referenced to primary key of Student Table

Qualification Qualification of Student ( SSC, HSC etc)

Institute Institute from which the degree has been earned

Board_University University from which degree has been earned


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Table: Subject

Table Properties

Name ValueName SubjectsCreated 17/01/2009

No of Rows 5

Size of Data 8 kb




Subject_ID int identity 10 4 No Yes

Subject_Title varchar 50 50 Yes

Subject_Code varchar 10 10 Yes


Column DescriptionSubject_ID Primary key of Subjects Table

Subject_Title Name of Subjects

Subject_Code Code of Subject


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Table: University

Table Properties

Name ValueName UniversityCreated 14/12/2008

No of Rows 5

Size of Data 8 kb




University_ID int identity 10 4 No Yes

Uni_Name nchar 100 200 No


Column Description

University_ID Primary key of University TableUni_Name Name of University


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Course-Student Diagram


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Course-University Diagram


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Student-Student_Documents


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Student-Student_Qualification


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Student-Student_Subjects


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Subjects-Student_Subjects


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Data Flow Diagrams

The data flow diagram is one of the most important modeling tools

used by system analysts. The use of data flow diagram as modeling

tools was popularized by Demarco (1978) and Gene Samson (1979)

through their structured system analysis methodologies. They

suggested that a data flow diagram should be the first tool used by the

system analysts to model system components. These components are

the system processes, the data used by these processes any externalentities that interact with the system and the information flows in the

system.

Data flow strategy shows the use of data in the system pictorially.

The tools used in this strategy show all the essential features of the

system and how they fit together.

A graphical tool used to describe and analyze the movement of data

through a system-manual or automated-including the processes, stores

of data, and delays in the system. The transformation of data from

input to output, through processes, may be described logically and

independently of the physical components associated with the system.


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Data Flow Diagram Symbols :

Data flow diagram uses a number of symbols to represent systems.

Most data flow modeling methods use four kinds of symbols. These

symbols are used to represent four kinds of system components.

Data Flow:

Symbol :

Data move in a specific direction from an origin to a destination in

the form of a document, letter, telephone call, or a virtually any

other medium. The data flow is a packet of data.

Processes :

Symbol :

In this, People, Procedures, or devices that use or produce

(transform) data. The physical component is not identified.


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Source or Destination :

Symbol :

External sources or destination of data, which may be people,

programs, organization, or other entities, interact with the system

but are outside its boundary. The terms source and sink are

interchangeable with origin and destination.

Data Store :

Symbol :

Data are stored or referenced by a process in the system. The data

store may represent computerized or non-computerized devices.

Each component in a data flow diagram is labeled with a

descriptive name. Process name are further identified with a


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number that will be used for identification purposes. The number

assigned to a specific process does not represent the sequence of

processes. It is strictly used for identification and will take on

added value to the components that make up a specific process.


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4. Input / Output Design


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System Screenshots

Main form of the system


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File menu


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Other menu


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View menu


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Windows menu


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Help menu


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Update Student Form


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Export Students Form


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Course Manager Form


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Add Course Form


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Update Course Form


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Export Course Form


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Faculty Manager Form


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Add Faculty Form


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Update Faculty Form


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Export Faculty Form


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Document Form


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University Form


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Add, Edit University Form


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Subject Form


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Add Subject Boxes


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Edit Subject Boxes


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About Form


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Student Report


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Faculty Report


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5. Testing


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Test Data :

There are two very different source of test data, live and artificial .

Both have distinct advantage and disadvantage for tester

1.Artificial test dataArtificial test data are created solely for test purpose, since they

can be generated to test all combinations forms and values. The

most effective test programs use artificial test data generated byother persons those who are wrote the program. Often an

independent team of tester formulates a testing plan, using the

system team specification.

During the development of our system we use the artificial data to

test whether the system is working properly or not. Also we have

checked that our system should not accept vague data for example

if the field is numerical than it should not accept text field.

2. Live test data

Live test data are those that are actually extracted from

organization files. After a system is partially constructed,

programmers or analysts often ask users to key in a set of data

from their normal activities. It is difficult to obtain live data in


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sufficient amount to conduct extensive testing. And, although it is

realistic data that will show how the system will perform for the

typical processing requirements, assuming that the live data

entered are in fact typical, such data generally will not test all the

combinations or formats that can enter the system. The bias toward

typical values then does not provide a true systems test and in fact

ignores the case most likely to

cause systems failure. To test our system will live data we use the

records of the last transaction that were registered in files. Several

transactions were performed in our system and our system was

found to be working properly.


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6. Implementation


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Implementation includes all those activities that take place to convert

from the old system to new. The new system may be totally new,

replacing an existing manual or automated system, or it may be a major

modification to an existing system. In either case, proper implementation

is essential to provide a reliable system to meet organization

requirements.

Even the best system can be weakened if the analysts managing theimplementation do not attend to every important aspect of detail. This is

an area where new system analysts need to concentrate a great deal of

attention. Good Analystscan make a difference.

There are three aspects of implementation: Training Personnel,

Conversion Procedures, and Post Implementation Review. Even well

designed and technically elegant systems can succeed or fail because the

way they are operated and used. Both system operators and user need

training.


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Conversion

Conversion is the process of change one system to another means

implement the new system instead of old one.

Conversion Method :

There are different types of conversion methods available, which

are described below.

1. Parallel System:

In this method the old system is operated along with the new

system.

Advantages:

-- Offers greatest security.

-- The old system can take over if errors are found in

the new system or if usage problems occur.

Disadvantages:

-- It doubles operating cost.

-- The new system may not get fair trial.


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2. Direct Conversion:

In this method the old system is replaced by the new system.

The organization relies fully on the new system.

Advantages:

-- It forces user to make the new system work.

--There are immediate benefits from new methods and

controls.Disadvantages:

-- There is no other system to fall back on if difficulties

arise with new system.

-- Require the most careful planning.

3. Pilot System:

In this method working version of the system implemented in

one part of the organization. Base on feed back, changes are

made and the system is installed in the rest of the other

methods.

Advantages:

-- Provides experience and live test before

implementation.

Disadvantages:


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7. Development Tools Description


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Principal Design Features

Interoperability

Because interaction between new and older applications is

commonly required, the .NET Framework provides means to

access functionality that is implemented in programs that execute

outside the .NET environment. Access to COM components is

provided in the System.Runtime.InteropServices and

System.EnterpriseServices namespaces of the framework; access

to other functionality is provided using the P/Invoke feature.

Common Runtime Engine

The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the virtual machine

component of the .NET framework. All .NET programs execute

under the supervision of the CLR, guaranteeing certain properties

and behaviors in the areas of memory management, security, and

exception handling.


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Language Independence

The .NET Framework introduces a Common Type System, or

CTS. The CTS specification defines all possible data types and

programming constructs supported by the CLR and how they may

or may not interact with each other. Because of this feature, the

.NET Framework supports the exchange of instances of types

between programs written in any of the .NET languages

Base Class Library

The Base Class Library (BCL), part of the Framework Class

Library (FCL), is a library of functionality available to all


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The design is meant to address some of the vulnerabilities, such as

buffer overflows, that have been exploited by malicious software.

Additionally, .NET provides a common security model for all

applications.

Portability

The design of the .NET Framework allows it to theoretically be

platform agnostic, and thus cross-platform compatible. That is, a

program written to use the framework should run without change

on any type of system for which the framework is implemented.

Microsoft's commercial implementations of the framework cover

Windows, Windows CE, and the Xbox 360. In addition, Microsoft

submits the specifications for the Common Language

Infrastructure (which includes the core class libraries, Common

Type System, and the Common Intermediate Language),the C#

language,and the C++/CLI language

to both ECMA and the ISO,

making them available as open standards. This makes it possible

for third parties to create compatible implementations of the

framework and its languages on other platforms.

Architecture

Common Language Infrastructure ( CLI )

The core aspects of the .NET framework lie within the Common

Language Infrastructure, orCLI. The purpose of the CLI is to provide a

language-neutral platform for application development and execution,

including functions for exception handling, garbage collection, security,


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and interoperability. Microsoft's implementation of the CLI is called the

Common Language Runtime orCLR.

AssembliesThe intermediate CIL code is housed in .NET assemblies. As mandated

by specification, assemblies are stored in the Portable Executable (PE)

format, common on the Windows platform for all DLL and EXE files.

The assembly consists of one or more files, one of which must contain

the manifest, which has the metadata for the assembly. The complete

name of an assembly (not to be confused with the filename on disk)

contains its simple text name, version number, culture, and public key

token. The public key token is a unique hash generated when theassembly is compiled, thus two assemblies with the same public key

token are guaranteed to be identical from the point of view of the

framework. A private key can also be specified known only to the

creator of the assembly and can be used for strong naming and to

guarantee that the assembly is from the same author when a new version

of the assembly is compiled (required adding an assembly to the Global

Assembly Cache).

MetadataAll CLI is self-describing through .NET metadata. The CLR checks the

metadata to ensure that the correct method is called. Metadata is usually

generated by language compilers but developers can create their own

metadata through custom attributes. Metadata contains information

about the assembly, and is also used to implement the reflective

programming capabilities of .NET Framework.

Security

.NET has its own security mechanism with two general features: Code

Access Security (CAS), and validation and verification. Code Access

Security is based on evidence that is associated with a specific assembly.


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Typically the evidence is the source of the assembly (whether it is

installed on the local machine or has been downloaded from the intranet

or Internet). Code Access Security uses evidence to determine the

permissions granted to the code. Other code can demand that calling

code is granted a specified permission. The demand causes the CLR toperform a call stack walk: every assembly of each method in the call

stack is checked for the required permission; if any assembly is not

granted the permission a security exception is thrown.

When an assembly is loaded the CLR performs various tests. Two such

tests are validation and verification. During validation the CLR checks

that the assembly contains valid metadata and CIL, and whether the

internal tables are correct. Verification is not so exact. The verificationmechanism checks to see if the code does anything that is 'unsafe'. The

algorithm used is quite conservative; hence occasionally code that is

'safe' does not pass. Unsafe code will only be executed if the assembly

has the 'skip verification' permission, which generally means code that isinstalled on the local machine.

.NET Framework uses Appdomains as a mechanism for isolating code

running in a process. Appdomains can be created and code loaded into

or unloaded from them independent of other Appdomains. This helpsincrease the fault tolerance of the application, as faults or crashes in one

Appdomain do not affect rest of the application. Appdomains can also

be configured independently with different security privileges. This can

help increase the security of the application by isolating potentially

unsafe code. The developer, however, has to split the application into

subdomains; it is not done by the CLR.

Class Library

Namespaces in the BCL

System


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The FCL is much larger in scope than standard libraries for languages

like C++, and comparable in scope to the standard libraries of Java.

Memory Management

The .NET Framework CLR frees the developer from the burden of

managing memory (allocating and freeing up when done); instead it

does the memory management itself. To this end, the memory allocated

to instantiations of .NET types (objects) is done contiguouslyfrom the

managed heap, a pool of memory managed by the CLR. As long as there

exists a reference to an object, which might be either a direct reference

to an object or via a graph of objects, the object is considered to be in

use by the CLR. When there is no reference to an object, and it cannotbe reached or used, it becomes garbage. However, it still holds on to the

memory allocated to it. .NET Framework includes a garbage collector

which runs periodically, on a separate thread from the application's

thread, that enumerates all the unusable objects and reclaims the

memory allocated to them.

The .NET Garbage Collector (GC) is a non-deterministic, compacting,

and mark-and-sweep garbage collector. The GC runs only when a

certain amount of memory has been used or there is enough pressure formemory on the system. Since it is not guaranteed when the conditions to

reclaim memory are reached, the GC runs are non-deterministic. Each

.NET application has a set of roots, which are pointers to objects on the

managed heap (managed objects). These include references to static

objects and objects defined as local variables or method parameters

currently in scope, as well as objects referred to by CPU registers.When

the GC runs, it pauses the application, and for each object referred to in

the root, it recursively enumerates all the objects reachable from the rootobjects and marks them as reachable. It uses .NET metadata and

reflection to discover the objects encapsulated by an object, and then

recursively walk them. It then enumerates all the objects on the heap

(which were initially allocated contiguously) using reflection. All

objects not marked as reachable are garbage. This is the mark phase.


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The objects that comprise the disconnected half of the ADO.NET object

model do not communicate directly with the connected objects. This is a

major change from previous Microsoft data access object models. In

ADO, the Recordset object stores the results of your queries. You can

call its Open method to fetch the results of a query and call its Update

(or UpdateBatch) method to submit changes stored within the Recordset

to your database.

.Net Data Providers

A .NET data provider is a collection of classes designed to allow

you to communicate with a particular type of data store. The .NET

Framework includes two such providers, the SQL Client .NET


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Each .NET data provider has its own namespace. The two

providers included in the .NET Framework are subsets of the

System.Data namespace, where the disconnected objects reside. The

OLE DB .NET Data Provider resides in the System.Data.OleDb

namespace, and the SQL Client .NET Data Provider resides inSystem.Data.SqlClient.

Connected Objects

Connection Object

A Connection object represents a connection to your data source. You

can specify the type of data source, its location, and other attributesthrough the various properties of the Connection object. A Connection

object is roughly equivalent to an ADO Connection object or a DAO

Database object; you use it to connect to and disconnect from your

database. A Connection object acts as a conduit through which other

objects, such as DataAdapter and Command objects, communicate with

your database to submit queries and retrieve results.

Command Object

Command objects are similar in structure to ADO Command or DAO

QueryDef objects. They can represent a query against your database, a

call to a stored procedure, or a direct request to return the contents of a

specific table.

Databases support many different types of queries. Some queries

retrieve rows of data by referencing one or more tables or views or bycalling a stored procedure. Other queries modify rows of data, and still

others manipulate the structure of the database by creating or modifying

objects such as tables, views, or stored procedures. You can use a

Command object to execute any of these types of queries against yourdatabase.


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DataReader Object

The DataReader is designed to help you retrieve and examine the rows

returned by your query as quickly as possible. You can use the

DataReader object to examine the results of a query one row at a time.When you move forward to the next row, the contents of the previous

row are discarded. The DataReaderdoesnt support updating. The data

returned by the DataReader is read-only. Because the DataReader object

supports such a minimal set of features, its extremely fast and

lightweight.

Transaction Object

At times, you might want to group a number of changes to your database

and treat them as a single unit of work. In database programming, that

unit of work is called a transaction. Lets say your database contains

banking information and has tables for checking and savings accounts

and a user wants to transfer money from a savings account to a checking

account. In your code, youll want to make sure that the withdrawal

from savings and the deposit to checking complete successfully as a

single unit or that neither change occurs. You use a transaction toaccomplish this.

DataAdapter Object

The DataAdapter object represents a new concept for Microsoft data

access models; it has no true equivalent in ADO or DAO, although you

can consider the ADO Command and DAO QueryDef objects to be its

second cousins, once removed.

DataAdapter objects act as a bridge between your database and the

disconnected objects in the ADO.NET object model. The DataAdapter

objects Fill method provides an efficient mechanism to fetch the results

of a query into a DataSet or a DataTable so you can work with your data


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off line. You can also use DataAdapter objects to submit the pending

changes stored in your DataSet objects to your database.

Disconnected Objects

DataTable Object

The ADO.NET DataTable object is similar to the ADO and DAO

Recordset objects. A DataTable object allows you to examine data

through collections of rows and columns. You can store the results of a

query in a DataTable through the DataAdapterobjects Fill method

DataSet Object

A DataSet object, as its name indicates, contains a set of data. You can

think of a DataSet object as the container for a number of DataTable

objects (stored in the DataSet objects Tables collection). Remember

that ADO.NET was created to help developers build large multi-tiered

database applications. At times, you might want to access a component

running on a middle-tier server to retrieve the contents of many tables.

Rather than having to repeatedly call the server in order to fetch that dataone table at a time, you can package all the data into a DataSet object

and return it in a single call. But a DataSet object does a great deal morethan act as a container for multiple DataTable objects.

The data stored in a Dataset object is disconnected from your database.

Any changes you make to the data are simply cached in each DataRow.

When its time to send these changes to your database, it might not be

efficient to send the entire Dataset back to your middle-tier server. You

can use the GetChanges method to extract just the modified rows fromyour DataSet. In this way, you pass less data between the different

processes or servers.


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Crystal Reports

Crystal Reports is a business intelligence application developed by

Business Objects, a SAP Company, used to design and generate reportsfrom a wide range of data sources. Several other applications, such as

Microsoft Visual Studio, bundle an OEM version of Crystal Reports as a

general purpose reporting tool. Crystal Reports became the de facto

report writer when Microsoft released it with Visual Basic.

Crystal Reports for Visual Studio 2005 brings the ability to create

interactive, presentation-quality content to the Windows environment.

With Crystal Reports for Visual Studio 2005, you can create complexand professional reports in a GUI-based program. Then you can connect

your report to almost any database source, as well as to proxy data, such

as a result set (for example, an ADO.NET DataSet). With the wizards

included in the GUI designer, you can easily set formatting, grouping,

charting, and other criteria.

You can host your report in either a Web or Windows application, with

one of the Crystal Reports for Visual Studio 2005 viewer controls.Report presentation in both Windows and HTML 3.2 or 4.0 clients is

highly interactive and provides you with features such as chart drill

down, report navigation, and text search.

Crystal Reports for Visual Studio 2005 ships with an extensive SDK.

You can use the SDK to interact with the report programmatically at

runtime.


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Features & Functions

o A common standard file format allows for feature-richreports that contain data retrieval criteria, grouping,summary, parameter, and drill down, and sub report linkinginformation.

o An embedded Crystal Reports designer, assisted by wizardsand experts, builds complex report files easily.

o Data and .NET DataSet connections use the Database Expertto easily interact with a wide variety of database protocols,

as well as proxy data in the form of ADO.NET DataSets.

o DataSet processing speed has been significantly improved inCrystal Reports 10 and Crystal Reports for Visual Studio2005.

o Report viewers display Crystal reports on forms, in bothWeb and Windows applications.

o A Crystal Reports SDK interacts with and modifies reportsprogrammatically. Use one of four different object models,

each with increasing levels of complexity and power


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o An exporting feature exports data from theCrystalReportViewer control to Word, Excel, PDF, andHTML, and Crystal Reports formats.

o The ability to print from the CrystalReportViewer controlenables page-based report printing from any Web or

Windows application.

o Prompts for missing parameters and database logons fromthe CrystalReportViewer control allow reports, which havemissing parameters or database information, to be easily

corrected and displayed.

o Multilingual client support allows you to configure theCrystalReportViewer control so that other languages can be

displayed in the Tool Tips, determined by the client browser,

the ASPX page, or the environment settings for the machine.

o Report Web Services, from an ASP.NET Web Serviceproject, allow you to create a project, add a Crystal Report,

and publish it as a Web service.

o Crystal Services allows programmatic access to your reportsthrough a web service.


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o Merge module deployment ensures the correct CrystalReports' components and assemblies are added to a Web or

Windows application that is created in Crystal Reports forVisual Studio 2005.

o Scalability is offered through optimizations that are availablewithin Crystal Reports for Visual Studio 2005, or byupgrading to another solution in the Crystal product family.

o Seamless migration is possible from previous versions ofCrystal Reports for Visual Studio 2005.

o Projects created in previous versions of Crystal Reports forVisual Studio .NET is supported at runtime without requiring

design-time modifications.

o Crystal Report for Visual Studio 2005 projects are supportedon 64-bit machines.

o Code snippets are available when building Websites andWindow Project using Visual Basic.


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Microsoft SQL Server 2005 is comprehensive, integrated data

management and analysis software that enables organizations to reliablymanage mission-critical information and confidently run todays

increasingly complex business applications. SQL Server 2005 allows

companies to gain greater insight from their business information and

achieve faster results for a competitive advantage.

Top 10 Features for Database Administration

Database Mirroring

Extend log shipping capabilities with the database mirroring solution.

You will be able to use database mirroring to enhance availability of

your SQL Server systems by setting up automatic failover to a standby

server.

Online Restore

With SQL Server 2005, database administrators are able to perform a

restore operation while an instance of SQL Server is running. Online

restore improves the availability of SQL Server because only the data

being restored is unavailable; the rest of the database remains online and

available.

Online Indexing Operations

The online index option allows concurrent modifications (updates,

deletes, and inserts) to the underlying table or clustered index data and

any associated indexes during index data definition language (DDL)

execution. For example, while a clustered index is being rebuilt, you can


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Data Partitioning

Data partitioning is enhanced with native table and index partitioning

that enables efficient manageability of large tables and indexes.

Replication Enhancements

For distributed databases, SQL Server 2005 provides comprehensive

schema change (DDL) replication, next-generation monitoring

capabilities, built in replication from Oracle to SQL Server, merge

replication over https, and significant merge replication scalability and

performance improvements. Additionally, the peer-to-peer transactional

replication feature improves support for data scale out using replication.

Top 10 Features for Development

Hosted Common Language Runtime

With SQL Server 2005 developers can create database objects using

familiar languages such as Microsoft Visual C# .NET and Microsoft

Visual Basic .NET. Developers can also create two new objects user-

defined types and aggregates.

Native XML Support

Native XML data can be stored, queried, and indexed in a SQL Server

database allowing developers to build new classes of connected

applications around Web services and across any platform or device.

ADO.NET version 2.0

From new support for SQL Types to Multiple Active Result Sets

(MARS), ADO.NET in SQL Server 2005 evolves dataset access and

manipulation to achieve greater scalability and flexibility.


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Security Enhancements

The security model in SQL Server 2005 separate users from objects,

provides fine-grain access, and enables greater control of data access.

Additionally, all system tables are implemented as views, providingmore control over database system objects.

Transact-SQL Enhancements

SQL Server 2005 provides new language capabilities for developing

scalable database applications. These enhancements include error

handling, recursive query capabilities, relational operator PIVOT,

APPLY, ROW_NUMBER and other row ranking functions, and more.

Reliable Messaging for Asynchronous Applications

Service Broker is a robust messaging infrastructure that provides reliable

transactional delivery of critical messages between serverswith the

scalable high-performance that is expected with asynchronous queuing.

Visual Studio Integration

Tight integration with Microsoft Visual Studio and the .NET Frameworkstreamlines development and debugging of data-driven applications.

Developers can build database objects, such as stored procedures, using

any .NET language and can seamlessly debug across .NET andTransact-SQL (TSQL) languages.

Web Services

With SQL Server 2005 developers can develop Web services in the

database tier, making SQL Server a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)listener and providing a new type of data access capability for Web

services-centric applications.


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happen in the future giving you powerful insight that will help your

company make better business decisions.

Reporting Services

SQL Server Reporting Services is a comprehensive, server-based

reporting solution designed to help you author, manage, and deliver both

paper-based and interactive Web-based reports.

Clustering Support

Analysis Services improves availability with support for failover

clustering, enhanced multi-instance support, and support for backing up

and restoring Analysis Services objects and data.

Key Performance Indicators

Key performance indicators (KPIs) provide businesses with the

capability to define graphic, customizable business metrics to help

generate and track key corporate benchmarks.

Scalability and Performance

Features such as parallel partition processing, creation of remote

relational online analytical processing (ROLAP) or hybrid online

analytical processing (HOLAP) partitions, distributed partitioned cubes,

persisted calculations, and proactive caching greatly improve the

scalability and performance of Analysis Services in SQL Server 2005.

Report Builder

Report Builder is a component of SQL Server 2005 Reporting Servicesthat enables business users to create and deploy reports with a user-friendly enterprise data model.

Proactive Caching


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ManageabilityFeature Express Workgroup Standard Enterprise Comments

Auto Tuning Automatically tunes

database for optimalperformance.

Profiler

SQL Server

Management

Studio Express

See

Comments

Easy-to-use graphical

management toolavailable as a separate

download or included

with the SQL ServerExpress w/Advanced

Services download

Management

Studio

Full managementplatform for SQL Server;

includes Business

Intelligence (BI)Development Studio.

Database

Tuning Advisor

Automatically suggestsenhancements to your

database architecture to

improve performance.

Serviceability

Enhancements

Dynamic managementviews and reporting

enhancements.

Full-text Search See

comments

Available for SQL Server

Express in the SQL

Server Express w/

Advanced Servicesdownload

SQL Agent Job

Scheduling

Service

SecurityFeature Express Workgroup Standard Enterprise Comments


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7. Future Offshoots


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SMS Notification

We want to provide facility to send sms to all the students and faculties

at once for any kind of notifications

Payroll Manager

We want to provide a complete Payroll Management module to manage

payrolls in future.

Document Manager

A facility to manage MS Word applications and can be used to search

and retrieve whenever needed.

Multidimensional Search

Using this facility user can search data using multiple dimensions. In

other words search can be initiated using multiple criteria.

Library Manager

We want to provide a complete Library Management module to manage

books, issue/return operation.

Online and Offline Backup

We want to provide a complete backup facility to recover data in any

disastrous condition. Backup will be offline as well as online ( Using

FTP ).


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9. Bibliography


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Books

Microsoft ADO.Net Step by Step PHI Publication

- Rebecca ReordanProfessional Visual Basic 2005 Wrox Publication

- Bill Evjen, Billy Hollis, Rockford Lhotka, Tim McCarthy,Rama Ramachandran, Kent Sharkey, Bill Sheldon

Professional.ADO.NET .2.0 Programming with SQL Server 2005

Oracle and MySQLWrox Publication

- Wallace B. McClure, Gregory A. Beamer, John J. Croft IV, J.Ambrose Little, Bill Ryan, Phil Winstanley, David Yack,

Jeremy Zongker

Microsoft ADO.Net Core Reference

Microsoft Press

- David SceppaMicrosoft ADO.Net Core Reference Microsoft Press

- David Platt


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Web Reference

www.microsoft.com

www. wikipedia.org

www. sap.com
http://www.microsoft.com/http://www.microsoft.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/http://www.sap.com/http://www.sap.com/http://www.sap.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/http://www.microsoft.com/