Index(E refers to suggested exercises)

Ability tests 35Abnormal behaviour 410-427Abnormality and pain 393Abortion 104,428Accents 253-254Accommodation 255-256Ach ievement motivation

209-212, 219-220 EAction planning skills 130,

138-140,438,440Acupuncture 398Administrator, professional role

of 384Adolescence 96-99, 102 E,

110, 120, 121and counselling 444and learning 226

Adoption 77-78, 106, 121Adult, child's effect on 74-75Adult learning 238 EAdvertising 323-339Affective factors, and counselling

446and learning 223-224

Age, demographic data on146-147

and learning 226Ageing 146-158, 160-162 E

-see also ElderlyAggression 96, 106, 153, 169,

451Alcoholics 107, I 13, 281Altruism 268, 404

and professional role 385

516

Anger 60, 125, 138, 140,498,499

Anorexia nervosa 198, 489Anoxia 83Anticipation of events 57Anxiety 9, 46, 55, 59, 60, 68,

139,186,190-193,224,229, 276, 278, 398, 405,410,41 I , 415, 487, 490,492, 493, 498, 499

and death 506 Ein mothers 79as a motive 208, 313and sexual performance 108

Aphasia 66Aptitude tests 35, 312Arousal 57-61, 69, 71 E, 213Asp iration, levels of 349Assertive skills 272, 444, 451Assessment 32-47, 231-232,

291-293Assimilation 256Assoc iation 185, 186, 227

and learning 240, 242Asthma 67,410,419Attention 64, 67, 69

in children 10I EAttitudes 98-99,276,329,

351change of 338 Ein institutions 482 Eto medication 408 E

Attitude tests 38-39Attractiveness, physical 226

Index

Attribution 3-4, 418Authoritarian behaviour 120,

268Autobiography, as psychological

material 174Autonomic reactivity 69Aversive learning 63, 188-190,

195Awareness, of self 168, 291,

293,303,311,312,433,435, 450

Baby battering 75Baby care 76, 105Backwardness 251-253Bales' categories of social acts

269Bargaining 340-357Bedwetting 199Behaviour, biological basis of

55-69environmental view of 187mechanistic approaches to

196models of 221-222 E

Behavioural analysis I II, 123,199, 200

Behavioural dilemmas 355Behavioural theory, and

counselling 455and negotiation 350-352

Behaviourism 206-207, 293,295, 297

Behaviour modification184-200

Beliefs, and adolescence 98-99Bereavement 120, 124, 126,

150,419,428,484-502Bioenergetics 446Biography, as psychological

material 174, 312-313Biological factors 97, 208

and behaviour 55-69Biometric genetic methods 45Birth 89,104-105,121Birth abnormalities and social

class 83-84Blood pressure 410Bloom's taxonomy of thinking

230-234

517

Body language 3 I0and emotion 71 E

Boundary roles and negotiation342

Brain chemistry 398, 413Brain disease 155-156, 410Brain studies 56-57, 63-65, 69Brain surgery 414Brainstorming techniques 139Broken home, and neurosis I 13Bureaucratization 380

Cancer 487, 489and smoking 4-5

Cardio-vascular disorder 67Career choice 212Career counselling 428, 430,

448Cattell 's personality tests

45-46Change, and counselling 447

creation of 184-200management of 120-141resistance to 476and the self I71-I 74

Child abuse I 18 EChild care 81, 467Child-child relationships 87 EChild development 73-84,

89-99, 105-106Childlessness, voluntary 104Childminders 79-80Child-parent interaction

86-87 EChildren, fatally ill 492-493

in institutions 81-82, 458language development of

239-257Children's books, moral theories

in 221-222 EChoice 340Circadian rhythms 71 EClass, social 276Classroom behaviour 197,

211-212Client-centred counselling 445Client-centred therapy 3 I6Climate, institutional 471-473Clinical psychology 174Cognitive ability 148-149, 152

Index

Cognitive approach tocounselling 445

Cognitive constructs 271Cognitive coping tasks I 28Cognitive dissonance 378Cognitive ecology 135Cognitive model 417-418Cognitive rehearsal 445Cognitive shielding techn iques

132Cognitive strategies, and dental

visits 408 Eand pain 396 . 401-402

Cognitive structure 274Cognitive tasks 140Commitment 277. 340Communication, and the media

323-339and negotiation 346-347

Communication model 309of an interview 320 E

Communication style 433Communication theory I I ICompetence. social 277-278Competition and motivation

225Computer-based matching 312Concurrent validity 33Conditioning 59-60 , 94, 177.

185, 186, 206. 233-234,240 ,416-417

Conflict 340and negotiation 343

Congruence 431Consciousness, nature of 290

privacy of 167Conservation of volume test

100 EConstraints on organizations

371Constructs, cognitive 271Construct validity 33-34Content analysis of mass media

337 EContext of an interview

319-320 EContraceptive techniques 103,

104Conversational model techniques

181-182 E

518

Cooperation and motivation225

Coping skills 128-141, 145 Eand pain 409 E

Coronary heart disease 67, 127Corporal punishment 19-20 ECorrelation coefficient 32Correlational studies 9,

18-19 ECortical arousal 58, 61, 69Counselling 174, 428-457Counselling interviews

311-312,315Creativity tests 51 ECrisis counsell ing 431 , 442-443'Cruciform effect' 384-385Cues. emotional 72 ECultural values 435Culture and adolescence 96-97

discontinuity in 120Custodialism 467Cybernetics 1II

Data collection I 0-1 IDay care for children 79Death 120,121,123,126,

127, 133, 484-502and anxiety 506 Eafter bereavement 501-502

Deception, ethical problem of512 .513

Decision making 340, 444,552-557

and stress 356-357at village council 362-363 E

Defence mechanisms 50-51 E,416

Delinquents 73and social skills training 28 I

Dementia 149,156,157Democratization of institutions

460Demographic data, on age

146-147on life expectancy 484

Denial 124, 127, 485 , 498Dentist, cogn it ive strategies and

408 EDependency and counselling

450

Index

Depersonalization in institutions115

Depression 60, 115, 124, 150,156.276.412.416.417.487. 492, 493. 498. 499

and the family 79. 107-108,113

Desensitization I90-193 , 280Design of institutions 462-463Despair 499. 500Determinism 185Developmental counselling

442-443 , 450Diagnos is 410-41 2Dialects 253-254Dilemmas 340, 341 . 355Disability 147. 150Disadvantaged children 73Discovery learning 23 E, 246Discrimination 22 EDiscrimination model of helping

433Discriminatory power of tests

34Dispute settlement 341Distress, and coping 487-489

and terminal illness 492Distributive barga ining 350-351Divorce 73 .112-113 .115.

120.121,124,133,137.428

Doctor. as counsellor 430-patient relationship 404professional role of 384and soc ial skills training 281

Double bind 4 I8Dreams 50 EDrive 207

and performance 2 I3Drugs and advertising 326-327Dyadic interaction 267Dying 486-487,494-495

Economic values 435Educational selection 47Education. and mass med ia 327

philosophy of 463Educator, counsellor as 443 ,

450Ego 169.415.420

519

Egocentric speech 268Elderly. and the family I 14-1 15

homes for 458services for 154-155-see also Ageing

Electro-convulsive therapy 414Emotion 57-60 , 268, 269, 272 ,

490correlation of 71 Eand pain 393. 408 Eand performance 30 E

Emotionality. psychophysiologicalaspects of 55

sensitivity to 64Emotional words. measuring of

71 EEmpathy 431 , 440 , 451, 488Empirical enqu iry 3Employment interviewing 307,

319 EEmployment patterns I 16Encounter groups 209Environment. and behaviour 55

and intelligence 26 Eand organizations 365

Environmental context 200,217

of inte rview 308of motivation 208of schizophrenia 4 I2of social situations 274-275,

329Environmentalism 188, 195Environmental stressors 62-63Environmental theory 171Environmental trauma 155Epilepsy 413, 414Ethical pr inciples for research

571-573Ethical problems and experiments

6-7Ethologists 69Euthanas ia 495-497Evolution 56-57. 69Existential-humanistic counselling

446Expectations 395-396

and bargaining 354-355of experimental subjects 309negative 124

Index

Experience, influence of 160,162 E

Experiments I-I 3Extraversion 46 , 49-50 E, 61 ,

224 , 272Ext rinsic motivation 225Eye movement 90, 310Eysenck 's personality tests

45-46

Face validity 33Facial expression 310

and emotion 71 EFacilitating skills 456 EFactorial description of

personality 45-47Failure, fear of 210-21 I,

220 E, 223-225Family 103-116, 117 E

and bereavement 485 , 486and the elderly 156-157and institutions 465

Family conflict 108Family planning 103-104Family therapy 110-1 12Fatally ill child 492-493Father, role of 17-18 E, 78-79Fear, of failure 210-21 I,

220 E, 223-225of unpredictability 174

Feedback 127, 129, 232, 266,269 , 278 , 309 , 311

and language learning 242Feeding schedules for babies 76Fitness programmes 135Fixed-ratio schedule 215-216Formal organizations 279-380 ,

388 EFostering 106Freudian theories, of

development 96of the unconscious 169, 296

Friendship 275-277Fulbourne psychiatric hospital

474-475'Future shock ' 136

Gagne's levels of learning 232Gastric ulcer 67

520

Gate-control theory of pain396

Gaze 266-268, 300Geneogram I 19 EGenetics and behaviour 55-57,

69Gestalt psychology 298 , 299,

446Gesture 310Goal-d irected activity 265-267,

273-274, 499Goal setting 130, 140Grammar, beliefs about 261 E

errors of 239Grendon Underwood prison

467Grief 127,137,140,488,

497-500coping with 153and old age 443

Group counsell ing 444-445Group dynamics 444

and negotiations 347Guilt 498

definit ion of I75and pain 394

Habituation 69Halo effect 31 IHandicap, stress of I07Hand icapped children 107, 444 ,

461in institutions 467parents of 103

Health care institutions 458Health visitors 430Heart rate 58, 68Hedonism 196Helping and counselling

428-457Helplessness 487-488, 492Help the Aged 453Henderson therapeutic

community 470Hereditary influence and

schizophrenia 41 2Hierarchical organizations 376Hierarchy 380

of authority 476

Index

Holmes and Rahe socialreadjustment rating scale121-122

Home-school transition 120Hoops test 220 EHopelessness 124, 497Hospitals, as bureaucracies 370

children in 73, 81-82and counselling 428, 452roles in 379structure of 367

Hypertension 67Hypnotism 9

and pain 400-40 I

Id 169Illinois Test of Psycholingu istic

Ability 261 EIllness, after bereavement

501-502psychology of 419-420stress of 107

Illness behaviour 56Imitation and learning 95-96Incentives 323Individual assessment of the

elderly 155Individual counselling 443Individual differences 60-62,

101 EIndividual psychotherapy 445Industrial dispute, reconstruction

of 361 Etracking 360 E

Industrial negotiation 342-343Industrial psychology 302-303,

365Industry , counselling in 428Influence, and decision making

352and power 355

Informal organizations379-380, 388 E

Information, and decision making352

and the professions 332Information processing 69Inhibition 169, 228, 229Innovation and communication

333

521

IQ. testability of 44-45measurement of 49 E

Institutional cultures 153, 154,458-476, 480-483 E

Institutional neurosis 460Institution design of 462-463

and the elderly I 15Integrative bargaining 350-351Intelligence 23 E, 55, 61, 272

assessment of 32-47,92,231-232, 291-292

inheritance of 73Intelligence tests 35, 39-45, 92Interaction 272. 275

failure of 268and the family 118-119 Eobservation of 285 E

Interest tests 38Interference 228Inter-group attitudes 458Interpersonal skills 268. 271,

288-289,309,442Interpersonal Process Recall

433Interpretation and decision

making 352-355Interview, and professional

worker 388 Etransition 144-145 E

Interviewing 287-303,306-317,319 E, 320 E

Interviewing skills 88 EInterview plan 319 EIntonation 256Intrinsic motivation 225Introspection 21 E. 182-183 EIntroversion 49-50 E, 61, 170,

224and age 150

Job change counselling 445Job description 307Job interviewing 306 . 312-315,

319 EJob motivation 220-221 EJob satisfaction 209Job seeking 308Judgement 22 E

in interviews 3 I0

Index

laboratory, social skills training279

language, and meaning 26-27 Eand social class 74symbolic nature of 293, 295

language development inchildren 80, 86-87 E,239-257,260-261 E

'law of Requisite Variety ' 374learned helplessness 489learner, nature of 223-229 ,

237 Elearning 55, 65, 233-234

biolog ical potential for 187cognitive 193-195effectiveness of 229Gagne 's levels of 232

learning theory I71le isure activity I 16, 146lexical forms 245lexis 239life crisis 500

and illness 419-420life expectancy 484life skills 438 , 450-451 , 452life span perspective 147-148life sty le, and the media 339 E

and old age 160-162 Eand personality I50- I5 I

limbic system 64lingu istic structure 240longitud inal studies 20 Elong-term memory 227, 228loss 123, 154,487,488,497,

499

Machine bureaucracy 370Malingering 395Management 365,367,

381-383and counselling 430 ,445in institu tions 468professional role of 384and social skills training 281

Manwatching 72 EMarital conflict 109-1 10,

112-113Marketing 323Marriage 120, 123, 127

522

Marriage guidance counsellors428, 430, 453

Maslow's hierarchy of needs208-209 ,221 E

Massage and relaxation 136,137

Mass med ia 323-339consumption pattern of

339 Econtent analysis of 337 E

Maternal deprivation 81Meaning, criteria of 309

of words 26-27 E, 71 Erange of 26 I Esearch for 125

Medical model ofpsychopathology 41 1-415

Medication, attitudes towards408 E

Memory 55, 57, 64, 65, 69experiments in 237 Eand learning 223,227-229,

232Memory training 228Mental hand icap 414 , 463Mental hospitals 458 , 461 ,

463-464, 473Microcounselling 433Mind, soc ial antecedents of

293-295Mintzberg's analysis of

organizations 366-371,380

Miscarriage 104Mixed ability teaching 21 IModels, of behaviour

221-222Eof helping 432-453and knowledge 2, I 1and language learning 240,

241,247,279,382Monetary incentive var iables

209Monitoring of the self 174-175Mood, sens itivity to 64Mood tests 37-38Moos' Ward Atmosphere Scale

471-472Morality 169

and behaviour 221-222 E

Index

and professional role 384Morphemes 244 . 246, 256Mortality risk after bereavement

501-502Mother-baby units 82Mother-child inte ractions

75-77, 89-90 , 245-246.260-261 E

'Mo the r' s instinct' 105Motivation 57-59,65,

206-222, 232, 267, 288 .490

and informat ion 331and interv iews 3 16and learning 223-225and pain 396and performance 30 Eand professional role 385

Mot ivation tests 37-38Motor behaviour, disorders of

64Motor skills training 266 , 267Multiple cho ice questions 231,

232Muscle tension 58Mutual gaze 300

nAch 209-212, 217Nature-nurture hypothesis

18 ENeeds, Maslow's theory of

208-209, 221 ENegative expectations I24Negotiation 340-357Neuronal models 65Neurophysiology 68

and pain 296Neurosis 186.187,410,411 ,

415inst itutional 460psychophysiology of 69and social skills training 280

Neurosurgery 64Neuroticism 46Neurotic paradox 417Non-directive counselling 316Non-verbal behaviour 242 , 250 ,

267,269 ,271 ,273,276 ,278, 296, 299, 310 , 492,495

523

Non-verbal tests 41Normative statements I5 ENurse-patient interaction 475Nurseries 466

Obedience 29 1Objective scoring 32Objective tests 36-37 , 231Occupational guidance 306,

311-312Occupational interest guides

312Occupational therapist, role set

of 379Old age-see Ageing, ElderlyOperant cond itioning 233-234.

240 . 267Opinions, social basis of 329Organizational behaviour

365-385Organization-change consultant

451Orientation and age ISO, 153Outcomes of interviews 322 E

Pain 60,393-405,488.489,493 , 495, 499

sensitivity to 64and terminal illness 491

Paraprofessional helpers 430Parent-child inte ractions 86-87

E, 105-106, 223Parents, behaviour of 56 ,

79-80, 127counselling 428needs of 103

Participant observation 285 E.288, 300 , 301

Pastoral counselling 428Pavlov's conditioning 59,

206-207,416-417Penal institutions 458Perception, deve lopment of 90

of discontinuity 121disorders of 64

Perceptual defence 378Performance, and drive

230-231psychologica l factors and

29-30 E

Index

Performance IQ 40, 41Performative utterances 268Permissiveness, in institutions

460Personal awareness 123Personal competence 450Personal construct system 171Personality 172, 176

and assessment 32-47and learning 224and life style 150-1 51and old age 160-1 61 Eand pain 393-395

Personality scales 61Personality tests 35Personal space 3 I0Person and role I76-1 77Personnel officers as counsellors

430Person perception 265,

272-273Perspective, of observer

288-290Persuasion 265, 268

and the media 329-330Philosophy of education 463Phobia 60,187,191-193,215,

415,417Phonemes 244Phonology 239, 255, 256Physical attractiveness 276Physical cues 272Physical growth and learning

223Physical handicap, and the elderly

152, 155institutions for 470and stress 410

Physiological mechanisms 55, 69Physiology and behaviour

63-69Physiotherapy and mass media

327Plaget's theories 91-92, 302Pilot studies 315Play 93,101, lOS, 136Poverty and advertising

324-326Power, balance of 342

and innuence 355

524

Pragmatics 239,257Predictive validity 33Pregnancy 105,212

reaction to 104, I 18 EPrejudice 435

in interviewing 31 IPremature babies 104-105Pre-menstrual tension 187Preventive medicine 327Priests, as counsellors 430Prison, location of 461Prisoners, social skills and 281Privacy, of consciousness 167

encroachment on 423, 512Proactive behaviour 13I,

139Probation hostel 467Problem solving 91-92, 313Professional roles 370,

384-385, 388 E, 430Professions, and mass media

332-334Programmed learning 233-234,

238 EProjective tests 37Propensity, for acting 217Psychiatric disorders, in old age

152and pain 394

Psychiatric hospitals 423-424 E,475-476

Psychiatric hostels, rules in463-464

Psychiatry 69Psychoanalysis I I I, I60-16 I,

199,296and child rearing 8 Iand counselling 445

Psychodynamic theory415-416,420

and pain 393Psycholinguistics 257Psychological approaches to pain

399-404Psychometric models 47Psychopathology 410-427Psychosexual counselling 428Psychosomatic illness 66-67,

410Psychosynthesis 446

Index

Psychotherapy 170. 174, 178,209,280.316,431-433 .446

Psychoticism 46, 280, 410Psychotropic drugs 397Pulse rate, and arousal 71 EPunctuality 229Punishment 189, 394Pupil-teacher relations 463,

471Purposes 168

Questionnaires, personality 36

Race, and effective counselling432

Rational Emotive Therapy 134,194-195,445

Rationality and dec ision making353-355

'Rational man' 341Reality, acceptance of 125Reality orientation 156, 445,

460'Received Pronunciation'

253-254Recognition and recall 227-228Recreation I22Redundancy 137Redundancy counselling 428.

445Re-evaluation counselling 446Rehabilitation 460, 467Rehabilitation wards 464Reinforcement 28-29 E,

94-95, 196-198, 202-204E, 207 , 215-216, 233 , 241,267, 275-276

and pain 395Relationship-building skills 430,

440Relaxation training 136,

204-205 EReliability 32-33

of int erview 291-292Religion, declining influence of

77Relocation, adjustment to 152Repertory gr id 425-427 ERepression 41 5

525

Research, ethical principles for6,511-514

Research interview 306 , 310 ,315

Response patterns, inheritance of56

Retirement 121.137,153Retirement counselling 428Revision 229Reward, effects of 202-204 E,

220 E, 229 , 233, 341and pain 395-396and punishment 188, 196,

198, 199, 240-242, 267Reynell Development Language

Scales 261 ERitual 28 ERole play 265, 269, 278-281,

294, 295 , 31 I , 313 , 316,320-321 E, 444, 456-457E, 507-508 E

Roles 176-177,274in organizations 376-379professional 384-385, 388 Eof women I5-16 E

Routines, social 269Rules of behav iour 265, 267

in institutions 463-464of social situations 274

Samaritans 453Schizophrenia 410, 412-413 ,

417,418and the family 107-108

School curriculum 24-25 ESchools, counsellors in 428,

430social skills training in 281structure of 367

School-work transition 120Scientific method I-I 3Seating arrangements in

institutions 463Selection interview 302 , 303SeK, change in 171-176

continuity of I68social antecedents of

293-295Self-assessment of social

competence 285-286 E

Index

Self-awareness 293. 303. 311 .312.433-435.450

Self-characterization 180-181 ESelf-confidence 290Self-consciousness 168, 294Self-disclosure 276-277Self-empowerment 435-438.

446 , 448-450Self-esteem 208 , 209. 224,

225 .276.416.418.444.473

of mothers 79and old age 153-154.

161-162 ESelf-help 133. 139.404Self-instructional material 308Self-knowledge 167-178Self-perception I 12, 314,

321-322 E. 496Self-presentation 308Self-reports 265 . 298. 299 ,

425 ESemantics 239. 255. 257Semiotic structure 274Sensitivity of parents 80. 87 ESensitivity training group 209.

445Sensitization. covert 195Sensory deficit and old age

162-163 ESensory input and pain 393 . 396Seven-Point Plan. as an interview

technique 313-3 15Sex. and counselling 432

and learning 226Sex differences 93. 101 ESex roles 15-16 E. 221-222 ESexual behaviour 108-109.

169,186,195.271.277in institutions 464

Sexual performance 108. 121Shock 498. 499Shop floor counselling 430. 446Short-term memory 153. 227Single-parent family 78-79.

113-115Situations. rules of 273-274Skills. coping I28-141

development of 90-91 . 435 .450. 452

526

expectations 308social 265-282standardization of 366tests of 312

Skin resistance 68Skinnerian theory 215-217.

233-234Sleep-wakefulness continuum

69Small group research 265Smoking and cancer 4-5Social acts. Bales' categories of

269Social anthropology 288, 30 ISocial behaviour 56. 76-77.

265-282, 458. 501Social class 276

and birth abnormalities 83-84and language 74

Social comparison 395. 396Social competence 277-278.

285-286 ESocial distance. staff-client

468-469Social environment 329Social factors and adolescence

97-98. 102 ESocial function of language

242-243Socialization 73-77.79 ,87 ESocial judgement and negotiation

345Social psychology of institutions

469Social readjustment rating scale

121-122Social reality I I5Social reinforcement I I I.

202-204 ESocial security. abuses of 326Social service institutions 458

and counselling 428 . 430 .452 . 453

Social skills 265-282. 308. 31 ISocial Survey 3 I5Social values 435Social workers 430Socio-cultural model of

psychopathology 418-419Sociofugal seating 463

Index

Sociolinguistics 239 , 257Solicitors, as counsellors 430Somatic therapy for pain

397-398Sorting test 100 ESpeech 295Speech disorders 64Sport, psychological factors and

29-30 EStaff-client social distance

468-469in inst itu t ions 444-468-pupil ratios 471

Stage model of terminal illness494

Standard English 253-254Statistical model of

psychopathology 41 5Statistics 12-1 3Stereotypes 114,125,134,

276,310Sterilization 104Stimulus-response psychology

171, 185, 207Strain , management of 128,

139Strategy and negotiation 341Stress 123,127,129,131

in adolescence I I0of bereavement 485coping with 55, 132and decision making 356-357environmental 62-63ethical problems and 5 I2,

513and the family 78, 106-107and fitness I35and illness 410and pregnancy I 18 E

Student counselling 428Study habits 223,229 ,237 EStudy problems 456-457 ESuicide 107,113,137,498Summerhill 466Supe~ego 169,415Superstition 28 ESupervision in organizations

366Support, ideological underpinning

of 432

527

Surgery, cognitive strategies and403

Surgical procedures for pain398

Symbols and language 293and pain 393

Symptoms of grief 499Syndrome 41 ISynectics 139Syntax 239, 241 , 245 , 257System change 429Systems view of indust rial

negotiation 342-343

T-groups 280Task performance 69Teaching, and counselling

429-431, 450and learn ing 223-234and social skills training 281

Teaching style 173Teaching syntax 261 ETechnocrats 375Technological development,

social consequences of 450Technostructure 367, 370 , 382Television 323Temperament tests 36Tension headache 67Terminal illness 484-502Test construction 32-47,

51-52ETests, and assessment 292, 293

psychological 32-47Thematic apperception

219-220 ETherapeutic community

459-461, 467 , 481 ETherapeutic goals 445Therapy, family 1I0-1 I2Thinking, Bloom's taxonomy of

230-231Thought stopping 193-194Tissue damage 393Total institution 459-461Toxicity stud ies 6-7Tracking an indust rial dispute

360 ETrade unions, counselling in 445

professional roles in 384

Index

Trained mind 24-25 ETraining, coping styles 140- 141

counselling 433motor skills 266role of parents in 103social skills 265-282

Trait theory 170, 172,214-215

Transactional analysis 445Transcendental Meditation 136Transitions I 20-141 ,

143-144 ETrauma, environmental 195Truants and counselling 448

Ulcers 411Unconditional positive regard

431Unconscious, Freudian portrait

of 169, 296Unemployment counsell ing 448Un iforms, in institutions 469Un ivers ities, structure of 367Utterances 268

Validity 33-34Value-free help 438Values clarification 13 IValues, cultural 435Vasectomy 104

528

Verba l communication 243 ,267-269 ,271,310,492

Verba llQ 40Verba l responses and

reinforcement 202-204 EVerbal skills 92, 280Verbal st imulation 106Village council , decision making

at 362-363 EViolence, and the family

109-110and pain 394

Visual aids and teaching 227

Wage bargaining encounter361 E

Ward Atmosphere Scale471-473

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale306, 316

Welfare and advertising324-326

Well.be ing 106-107and age 151-152

wise 40Work behaviour 56Work process 366Work targets, realistic 229

Youth Employment Service 453Youth workers, as counsellors

430