INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

GROWTH

AND

DEVELOPMENTS

CONCEPT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATION (IR)

Industrial relations are the outcome of employment relationships essentially between the-

employer

•employers•Employers’ associationsemp

loyee

•employees•Trade unionsgove

rnment

•government•Courts and tribunals

OBJECTIVES OF IR

Develop & maintain harmonious relations

Safeguarding the interests

Establishing and maintaining industrial democracy

Avoiding all forms of conflicts

BIRTH OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONSThe field of IR was born in U.S in the late 1910s.

It emerged from both negative impulses and positive impulses.

Negative impulses includes-•Human sufferings

•Injustice•Unrestrained profit-making•Employers’ power and•capitalism

POSITIVE IMPULSES OF IR

• Need for the improvement in the working condition.• Improvement in the relationship between the employer and employees.

Through a combination of-•Education•Legal reforms•Scientific discoveries•Higher sense of ethics & responsibility.

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS UNDER BRITISH RULE

India was expected to be a colonial market for British goods.

Establishment of the first cotton mill in Mumbai in 1853 and jute mill in Kolkata.

Working condition of the workers, at that time, were harsh with very low pay.

This gave rise to various disputes between the management and employees.

Disputes between the management and employees.

Due to this, Factories Act, 1881 was established and granted certain rights to the workers.

IR UNDER 1ST AND 2ND WORLD WAR

During 1st world war, prices of all product went up and profit soared, but the wages of employees were still same.

Due to this, the rate of strikes were quite high at that time.

During this time, The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923, The Trade Union Act, 1926 and The Trade Disputes Act, 1927 were established.

Due to this, the workers started getting shares in the profit but still their share and wages were low for survival.

The year following the world war II involved the most workers’ upheaval and saw the establishment of the two most important labour legislations-• The Industrial Employment Act, 1946• The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947

POST INDEPENDENCE IR

The post independence era saw a developing relation between industry and labour.

A conference called The Industrial Truce Resolution took place in 1947.

This lead to the establishment of Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act and Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948.

This ensured peace between the labour & industry.

IR IN THE ERA OF GLOBALISATION(1991-onwards)

The LPG Era has brought significant changes in the-•Social;•Economic;•Technological; and•Political environment of Indian business.

And it has a huge impact on the industries and the relations existing within them.

IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON INDUSTRIES AND THEIR

RELATIONS1.Integration of economies.2.Global benchmarking.3.Change in management style.4.Increase in education level.5.Change in skill level.6.Knowledge workers.7.Workers’ participation in

management.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

1.New actors and the emerging dynamics.

•Employers•Employers’ association•Employees•Trade unions•Government•Courts & tribunals

•Consumers and•Community

2. Pro-labour-pro-societal policies.

3. Declining Trade Union density.

4. Due to Industrial Conflict-

In 1980-81, Man days lost=402.1 million

In 1990-91,Man days lost= 210 million

In 2003-04, man days lost= 6.39 million

The total number strikes and lockouts went down to 13.6% from 552 in 2003 to 477 in 2004.

The Payment of Wages (amendment) Act, 2005, enhanced the wage ceiling from Rs.1600 per month to Rs. 6000 per month, with effect from 9th Nov. 2005.

…but still we are lacking somewhere in maintaining industrial relationships….

CONCLUSION

There is no denying the fact that management philosophy is undergoing a sea change over the last few decades. Management’s focus is changing from managing workers to that of managing work. The organizations today realize that human resource is the greatest asset and are adopting policies like competence building, job rotation etc, which promote the overall development of the workers and thus, helps in establishing and maintaining good relations at the work place.

PRESENTED BY-

Roll no. 180- Tripti Singh 182- Utkarsh Singh 188- Vinay Shukla 193- Aditya Kejriwal

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF-

Prof.S.C.Das

THANK YOU