ini - caligula

A G R E E K L E S S O N .

(F ifth F o rm : A v era g e A g e 1 5 : F ifth T erm o f G reek).

S u b je c t : N ew vocab ulary, appropriate to spring.

Practice o f indefinite constructions, indirect question, instrum ental case, gen itive o f time.

T im e : 45 m inutes.

<{It is often useful to m ake as though a lesson w ere unpre- a m e d ita te d ; here w e are helped b y the chance that^ som eone is a m inute late.]

3 A/aster. vov ’o n v 6 'AXe^at’Spoj;« Boys, in chorus, o v k icr/xtv

| M aster. C om plete the s e n te n c e ; you know how it^should be done. R ep eat the question, ch an gin g the d irect to3.he indirect pronoun, oa ru for rU, oirore for irore. N ow : gfc-oO 'rrriv o 'AXetjai’Spo*;;

Boys1, ovk itrfiev | oirou 'a n v | 0 'AXefrii'Spo?.[liftter Alexander.

M aster. ISov 0 ’A\i^avSpo<i. [N o a n sw e r: exp ectan t look on the faces.] ap' ouk fVre o n arjfiaivii to ISov;

Boys, o v k ttTfxev | o t i arjfiaivei | t o ISov. [T h e y pronounce ISov som e right and som e wrong.]

M aster, at Tlepacv, dvdfia iir l to /3~jfia.Perseus, [docs so] dvafiaivto eVt t o fit)p.a. S> <pl\oi,

t i Spti;Boys, avaftaivtis eVi to ftf/fxa. a> SiSdtrxaXt, t i Spa; M aster. dva{3atvei ini to (3>)ixa. av 0e \d/3e rrjp dafitvTov. Perseus. Xaftfidvco Ttjv dafieaTov [question and answ er as

before.]

x. The vertical lines denote a pause. By pauses, the phrasing is regulated in chorus work. I

M aster, ypdfe to Idov. [H e does so.] T lia t m eans, S ee ! Boy. Please sir, w hat does IBov com e from ?M aster. D o es a n y one know ?One o r two boys. opa>, IBeiv.Boy. B u t w hat part is it ?M aster. ISe w ould be active im perative o f ISelv, this is

m iddle. «\Xa dvefivrjcre fie tovto— [a b oy holds up his hand] do you know w hat th at m eans ? [Pause], avapip.vy<iKw.

A boy. T o rem em ber.M aster. N o, to rem ind, rem em ber is dvap.ip.vr)<TKOjxait

the passive. avsfivqtre p.e tovto ypatpf]1; tii'o? 'EW ijvikij^, rjvrrtp iron evTavda. [F in d s it, or sketches it on the board1.]

Tt opart;Boy. 6po> iu tt) 7 pa<j>T) t pels av6pu>vovi

M aster, iroiovs;Boy. eva dvhpa KaOtjpevov, eva . . . .M aster, tov p.ev eva uvhpa nadijfievov . . .Boy. tov p.ev eva avBpa KaOrjpevnv, eva Be c<TT<UTa, eva Be . • M aster. a\\a Ttah etJTiv ovtos. Tt Si) Spa o

Boy. TrpoTelvei tjjv x €~lPa • • •M aster, ttotkpav %et/sa 7rporelvei;

Boy. tt] v Segiav x e~lPa irpoTetvet, Seticvvs opvida.M aster, itolav Tiva opviOa;Boy. ovic olBa qttquiv Tiva opinda SetKvvtnv o 7roi?.M aster. Tty opvis cpx tra i ypos;

Boy. to ypoi Tt at]/ ilv e i;M aster, ypdtpt c l . u Ilepcrev' eap, ypos, j/pi. vvv Bi] Tt?

olSev oti earl tovto; popiov yap ia r iv tviauTov.A boy. Sprin g.M aster. fjpos ovv t t? opvit ep%erai;Boy. T lie cuckoo.M aster, vai, o kokkv^ : (ypdtf>e av, kokkv%, K0Kxuy0<;.) eart

Be real a W if ypd(f>e' xeXiBdiv, xekt&ovos. 'A yyX ia rl t tw KaXtirat;

Boy. Sw allow .M aster. Tt'? ovv opvis eKetvrj;Boy. ^eXtScoi' ixttvTj.

M aster. ev Xeyeif, xeXiBcbv e/celvij ye. Oeacrai Brj to,

3

I. See Baumeister, Denkmaler fig. 212S; Macmillan’s villas o f Antiquities 64’ °.

3

ypdfip.ara ravra anrep i^ierai tie rov arofiaro?. o yap rraU <prj<Ttv, ISoii %e\i8rov o Se dv!/p o /cadi'/fievoi, vi) rov ’ Hpa/cXia, avT7/l. [T h is is exp la in ed in E n glish .] 6 Se uvi'ip tf>i]<rtv o ecrrwi, tap "/&>/■ /cardjSa vw, o) Tltpaev.

Perseus. Kara^alvut airo rov ^>)paro<t.Master, av S' w ’AXitjavhpe, dvd/3a.A lex . avaftalvta p.h> in i to y3i)/ia, Xafiftdvto Se rt)v

dajSecrrov.M aster, Bid. rt;A/ex. 'tva ypd^rtd ra ypdppara M T<jj rrivaxi.M aster, rrptarov Se diropopyvv ravra ra ypd/ipara.A le x , diropopyvvjxi Si;.M a sttr. Xeyer ovv poi, w 7ratSe?, r l ylyverai 'ipoj tv

dypots; [N o answer.] I am go in g to describe w hat happens

on a farm at this season. W hat is it ?Boys. P lo u gh in g and sowing.Master. Y e s , and reaping later. I am go in g to give

you the words (or all three, if you don’ ';n ow them, and then arran ge a sentence for each, all in one orm.

A boy. P lease sir, w hat is a farm in G reek ?Master. %coplov, or som etim es dypoi ypd<f>e av. yaplov,

/at) xupiov, pi, pi. [H e accents it.] dironpivai Stj av, r lylyverai rjpo<; tv rots dypois; [N o answer.] ypditpe’ dpco, dpols.G o through the present tense.— N ow the im perfect.— T h e future and aorist are irregu lar: dpoato, ijpoaa.— G ive the m oods o f ijpoaa.— a? av dpoaij, icaXelrai dponjp. 7 pdefe, uporrjp dporrjpoi. r i naXelrai e’/telvos oi av dpoarj;

Boys, dporijp | KaXtlrai | t/erivos | o? uv dpoat].Master. 7rolw S’ opydvM dpol 0 dportjp;A boy. d porpM dpol 0 aportjp.M aster, orav dpol rm dporpto 6 dpor/jp, ylyverai aporo<;.

r l ylyverai;Boys, dporot | ylyverai | orav dpol | ro> dporpM | o aportjp.M aster, perd rovro a-rrelpti. av Se ypdifie to air dpco.

r l Be&paiee;Boys, yeypatye | t o anelpco.M aster. 09 S’ av arrelpy, KaXtlrai <nrnpev<;. ypatpe.— rt

KaXeirai;

Boys, cnropevs | KaXeirai | o? av oireipy.M aster, airtlpu Be oirepftara o otropev^. ypd<f>e to

<77repfia.— t i o-rrelpei;Bays. oirepfiara a ir t lp e i | 6 airopevs.Master, orav Se arrelpr) oTrepnara o a it op tvs, r i ytyverat; Boys, o v k icrfxev \ on ylyverai | orav enretpy onreppara |

O C7TOp(V<;.blaster, enropa ylyverai, orav orrelpy orrepfiara 6 <jiropev<;.

Xeyere vvv arravres. [T h e y do so.] fxera Be ravra Oepiêi. ypd(f>e cru, depl^w, 6epia>, edepioa. G ive the m oods.— o? av deploy, ovofxdêrai 6epior>']<{. ypdcf>e. D eclin e 9epior>)<;, like 7roXiT7j9.— Xeyere Bi’y r l ovopdêrai, o<; av deploy;

Boys. depcorrjs ] ovo/id&Tat | o? av deploy.M aster. deplêi Se Bperrdi'cp o depiorys. ypd<j>e.— 7To/m

ovv bpydvw;Boys, Bperrdvw | deplêi | o depiorijs.M aster, orav Be deploy raj Bperravm o depurrys, 8epos

ylyverai. ypdtfie.— r l ylyverai;Boys. depot | ylyverai ] orav deploy | rat Bpewdvrp |

o deptor s.M aster, ypdjiere vvv ravra.

[T h e y are w ritten out, first with the words in view , then after th e y have been rubbed out. T h e final form is :

1. orav apoi ra> dporptp o aportjp, aporo<; ytyverai.2. orav orrelpy rd air eppar a o o Trope v , orropa ylyverai.3. orav deploy 0 depiorqs raj Bperrdvto, depos ylyverai.

[ O f these exercises 2 are correct, 5 have one m istake, 1 has two.]

M aster. rypepov ovv,Tralles,avyypayfrerefioi/ivdov n v a o ik o i .

e o n yap TotTt? avijp iv rfj oeXyvy, oorrep ovofidêrai 0 creXyvlrtj? o u t 09 Sc tK rrim ei diro t » )s ffeXyvr)?— icrTe ottws;

Boys, o v k iopev.M aster, r l Be; o Z e v s 6pyi%opevo<; p lr r re i a v r o v to? xal

"C o V " eppi'Jre T + fv "H f4*v K a ra r o v " O p y p o v co re dpa v v v ; re ra y io v . . .

A boy. reraydiv rr0809 airo fiyXov deorreoloio. blaster, rrooov Bt ■ypovov tyepero;A boy. rra v f/pap (fieptTo...

4

M aster. i<f>ipero. xal n ln rei ev x wP‘ V Ttl’l i & $ o yevpybi — rl Spa;

Boys, yecopyet.M aster. 6 Sk 7r a « o rod yewpyov iScor t bv dvSpa nlnrovra

npibrov fj.ev êXiS'ova elvai eneira St optji ovr a dvSpa, m lipoira fiev o Se\ivirt)i, dnoxpti’trai Se d ympyos.

5

E X E R C I S E S .

A .

Trept rov A to*? xal r t jt ae\y']vr)s.

'H ptev ae\i]urj ndXat navaeXijvo^ del ijv. ' O Se Zeus, " ’S I aeXt/vrj" $>y)<nv Ouk ideXta uei fiXeneiv ndv t o npoauinov crov, neptorpi(j>ou. iva fit) ere f3\ena>," 'H /iev rreXr/vij ou tfiijai. 'O Se Zevt Xap./3dvet rov dvdpronov, rov tv tj; creXi)vf), aiceXet Kill /3tl\\ei ixnoSuv. '0 ae\t)i>ias eVl rtjv yijv n lnrei, xal in t Toy? dypovt, iv o!V yetopyov evpiaxei. “ Xaipe," Xeyet o dv- dpconoi, 6 drro t>;? o’eXijvqt “ xai au XalPe< 0 yeibpyos <f>i)Oiv. 'Eneira o <re\r)vw ipcoTii" nov eiui, Tty it, Kal t ! Spas ? 'O yecopyos " in I rr)$ yys e l" cftâiv , ' '1Ey (0 andpevs elpX /cat ffnelpo) aneppara. " 0 fxev aXXo? “ orav o anopevi," cptjai " anepp.ara anelptj t i y lyve ra i'') 'AnoKpivei o crndpevs “ orav crnep/xara anelpt) o anopevs, anopd ylyverai.’’ M ira Se ravra ipcora o treXi']Vtot, rt ytyveral i/cei ? “Aporo? yiyverat, Kal dporijpra> dporpt?) dpol.

'EntlS t) 6 treXtjvlOi iv yrj ov noXvv xpovov r/ydyev ipa>rtjtre rov Ala Iva is n )v <ji]Xiji'i]i> Karepy/jrat. ’'0 Se Zevt, unel, itp' to navaeXijvrj it ptovov and!; exact no p.i)vt.

rovro io n ulna o n ovk eortv del navcreXijvi).

15.

Zevs d%vvnevo<; epiê rov avOpconov rov ev rrj treXijvt) airo rij? o-e\7)i'j}(;. o aeXr)viri)<;, nav rjfiap (pepopttvos, Karentat ev rrj "AyyiXr;. txet ytupyo<; tvpt Kal iKOfxicra. avpiou 5 (TeXr]vlrt]<;

6

irepetraTtt rrepi tou x™Ptov. 01 iiovkoi to v yeeopyov ic-rreipcov Kal 5 avdpto7ro? o cnro rf/? o'eXj/i'i/? eXefe rfo yewpytTi “ t i Spcoaioi S o v X o i “ c-rreipwci rd CTrepftaTa" etprj o yioipyos “ oaris dv

uTTtipr] ra arrepni'na, Tt ovofidêrai'"— “ anropevt oi’ofidêra i"

eXeê o yewpyos. “ %apit> ° ^ a <70£ ” «$ ’?• evena o ctcXiji'itij? Kai o yempyoi efirjaav ec aXXov aypov ev <j> ot SovXoi dpovci. o

cre\ijviTT]<; ovk elSd>s o n ot SovXoi ttoiovci, ijpoero. o yeapyo? eXe£e “ dpovci aypov tw dporpu) ”— “ /fa! Tt ovofidôinai ”— “ ocTTtf dv dpoi to. dporpio, KaXenai dpoTOs” enena i(3>]aav. ore e(3t]oav aiKOtSe, o ye(wpyo? eXefje rw £evoi, “ tou Oepou 6epi%6fiev”— TiVt:— “ t>5 SpeTrdvrj Kal ot av i\v6punrot ti? deploy,

6eplajrj<{ ovofidêrai.” “ X(,P IV ° “Sa &oi ” eiprj o aeX^rtT?;? Kal erreira eSrjSo/cdvret, dveft/jaav Kal eKaOevSrjcav.

C.

yecopyot i~6re ijpyaêro ev rois dypois tcai ai^Jra etde Tiva

avBpCOVOV TTLTTTOVTa i/C TOV OVpdl’OV. O UVT)p O (17TO TT]S (TeX>)l>T]<f

etrece it a p a t o v yeeopyov Kal, eiTreiBrj dvecrij, (Xeê “ XalP€ ■ ® yewpyos erpij " x a lPf • aXXa T<? €*>”

o fe i'O v ‘ ‘ etp.1 ” ” 6 dvr/p o diro T ^ y ae\>)vr]<;. o Z e v s

^(Bo/iero?, epi'p'e ttoS o? k u i fie e/3aXe c k t o v ovpdivov• irav S'

i]fiap TTHTTTWKa. d \ X ' dye T t? f t Kai Tiva ecriv t a v r a ;

Tew- “ ei/ii yeupyos Kai eKeivo ecriv t o efiov x M p i°v-

vvvSe dpo) t o vt dypoui reiiSe t o K a X X e n a t aporpov.

S e X . o t av a p o t? to u ? dypov s T t yiyveTai Kai Tit KaXXij;

Tew . o ra v a pay apoTOt y iy v e ra l Kai KaXXo/xai a p a rt] p .

H e x . T t Spa t o dpoTpov oTav apoi<t;

Tea). OTav apco t o aporpov dvaTt/xvtc ttjv yt]v Iva p aw v

GTreipw r a cirepfiaTa.

X t X . KaTa\ap.j3ava> dXXa fxeia rrjv ciropav, t i ylyverai;

Teto• ovv r a a n d (f>uei Kai ev rro Bepi, 6epi%a>- d X X a

BiyfrTjaeicr, ttov- iXOe ovv fxol ear ttjv e/uov o'lKiav Kal Eeitjco col

o t i icdiopiev e V t rrj ydovi.

SeX. XaPlv 0LSa coi. Sv^co fia X icra Kai velvet) e V f t r a iXdov c? rrjv oiKiav Kiti (<f>ayov Kai iirlov.

1

D .

?/)' 7T o r f t v t f/ a e X ijv i ] d r f fp d n ro f T t f . t r o X ii Se eftXa iJre r o v

A la . b t t m i j p o v v a v S p u v T€ m l Oelbv 770809 T tT T a y ia v e p p ity e ( k

t ))9 o’eXijvyf. ttu i> Be 'u LaP t7 recre, d / ia Bt: i/Xirn xajtBvini ( itp iK tT o i f T a v r l j i1 7 >)i> y ijv . i)< ra i' Se t v T o t9 nypolf y e w p y b f

/cat n a i f 0 7ra ts r rp io ro v eiSe « a i e f to ija e rn> m n p l “ i'8ou t o v

e X iS o v a iv o p ia e y a p e lv a i o p v iv “ a v r i j i ' id/ t o v ’ l l p a K X e a "

d n e K p i i ’e o 7rarijp ‘ idp l/Srj.' d X X a r a % v elSov a v r b v o v k c lv a i

o p v iv dXXa d v B p iu n b v i r i m o v a in t o v ovpavov. £7recre 8 e o

eV d X X w uypio, tca i iSpdpe T a y y <9 a u T ov 0 yewpybf K a t e ln e

a v Tfo ‘ o’ ii, T £9 el; K a l woSanbf; 01) 7r o r e 70/3 iu ip a K a d vO p w n b v

6p.oiov croV d-rreKplve e K e iv o f “ d ~ b r?~/t cre\?/v>}r e p x p p a i , dXXd Xtye fxoi o t to v elfii K a l crii 6a r i 9 e l * a t o r t S pa 9 eV t o u tm rro

d y p w ." “ i v vtjcrtp o v o p d i^ e ra l " A y y X i ) e l, <fri)ai b y e w p y o f ' K a l

t o v t o e’tTT iv o p o T p b v . 7rpwToi> p.ev aTrep/xaTa a ir e tp e l o c rn o p e v f,

i i r e iT a Be d p o 1 0 a p o T tjp t 10 d p o jp w K a l r e X o f , d ep ov yevo/xevov

ffept^ec t o p < t ito v o O e p iffT tjf . d \ \ a a i i 7T« 9 i )\ 6 e9 d rrb r i jy

a e X ijv r jf e rd d S e ;" ‘ w ’ a rro K p iv e l ‘ 0 Z e v f eppl\jre f ie . ' ' o l 'p o i '

(p i’ja i ir 0 yecopybf. e X 0 e <9 t o B w pa K a l Sroaco a 01 a n l a . 01/70)9

0 a V o t >}9 < re\ i)v rjf aV)/p r/et crui' r m ye<upy<o i f t o Sa>/x,a.

v a T e p o v Se 0 Z e 09 avyyvu>p.ijv e l% e a u ra l /cai iX u f ie a v T o v

a v r i f i f T r jv a tX t jv r jv . o v r c o i o r a v o p lb fie v t i /v a e X ijin jv bp& fiev

K a l t o v t o v t o v dvdpcoTTOv (fiepovTa i i r l t w v o jp w v d ^ O o 9 p i y a

/cXrjfidTihcov /cal b ir lQ cv a v r o v K w a .

E .

Z e v f e l f r i j v S e X t j i ’i ji’ /j,tTa t o v ev rf/ S e X y v r ) K a ra B a 'n a

e f i i ] , K a l t o v ev r r j % ek> ji’y iS k d ijra v T o f 0 Z e v i ep i^re , n o B b f

T e T a y io v , d v o n'/s S e X y v ijs , 7ra v S ' i ) f ia p t v n r T e , dp.a S ' 1)X irp

^ a reV ec re ev 'A y a l a . T Tavvvy (io f fxev e/xeive t v d ypw , d f ia Be er?>

e lo e yecopybv T iv a to v d iv T a r d y e v b p e v a eXeye. “ ot pot. t o v

d i'O p d n ro v f\ e% e e ftX e ty a a e e%0 er K a l e X e fa 7ra tS i t I v i , ‘ IS ov

■XeXiSova p e y lc n i jv v v v t^ o / itv e a p ' " “ tto j? aTo-ar\ X e X ijv r ] ! ’ ’

e X e fe o a V o t t ;9 2 e \ ijv i) f , “ t i e a r l t o v t o " t o v t o u p o rp o v c’ c rri,

K a l t w dpoTp/o d p o l o d p o rp e v f , o r a v Be a p o i o d p o r p e v t d p o rp m

apQ TO f y ly v e r a i ! ' “ aXXa. S id r l d p o l 0 d p o T p e v f ; ” “ tva tn re ip r j

iTTrepfiaTa, o airopev^, orav Se cnreiprj aireppara o avaptu*; a-rropos yiyverai.”

“ dXXa Old t ! a n a pel o atropeij$;"“ iva Oepitrj o Oeptarriq ra a h a , orav Se 8epi§J o Oepiairpt

t a a h a depot yiyverai.’ '" d\Xa Sia rl d epict o Otpiartjs;"u v t n > \ « 11' iva icruitafxev t a an a .

“ m 7T07T01 ! oil /caraXapfldrco ravrrjv rijV SeXijvrjv.”“ oil SeXijvrj carl dXX' r) yPj ”“ oi poi, (Xtti o) Sr) rov A la ficiXelv pe f it rfjv SeXijvijv rr/v

epov.”

F.

C h aracters o yecopyo , o vio<; rov yeropyov,K a l o aeXrjvlrr) .

o viot. (!) Trarep, Idov -^(XiSova !o 7raTi)p. 7ro0; (o aeXrjvirrjs irpoaTTiTnei arro rov ovpavov)

T i? ei; ol pot rov dvBpcoirov !o aeX. ovk dvOpwTros itp i, aXXa aeXrjvirij'i. o Ztv<; p.i

efBaXe ex rrji oeX>p>7]<;. irav 8’ f/pap rrpo^eneaov, icai vvv nov

t i p i ;o yew p. ev rrj ’AyyXia It, o u t o i oi uypoi 6i ifzov itoiv. o aeX. dXXa riva eari ravra; o yecop. rovro eariv dporpov o otX. r l Bpas dporpip; o yea p. o dporijp dpol to) aporpw o aeX. orav dpol, t i yiyverai;o yecop. orav dpol aporo<; eariv. ravra a n eppar a eari.6 aeX. r i Spa? roit a7repparoi<;;o yewp. o arropevs OTretpei roi$ ajrepparoi<i.o aeX. orav o anopevi aireiprj r i yiyverai;6 ytup. anopa yiyveraio aeX. aXXa rore n yiyverai;o yecop. dipo'i yiyverai, icai o 6epiart)<; Oepi^ei t o 6epo .

d\Xa av rjpwrijaas rroXXa epwrtjpara, vvv Se eX0e p-oi, Kai iadie apiarov, irerreiv^Ka^ yap.

o aeX. ire.TTiivijtca, Kai tXevaopai aol dapevm.

9

G.

o iv rj) i’D ovofxd&Tiu 6 ffe\ij»’tV»j? K a l vore Zevt 6%0ijaa<; ept\fre toj> a-tXijt'irt)i> rertiyuiv 7roSo? uirb 0>;\ov Oearreaiot \ mav S’ fjfiap eêpero, Spa S' i)\irp KUTaSvvri K a rk rre a e v iv t t } 'AyyXla, oXiyot S' e n Ovpbt evt/v. yewpyot Se

iyewy-qat tou? aypovt Kai, “ 1'Sou,'' <f>J]ai, " êXtSora w; to»» 'HpaKXca : tap ySij ep xera i'’

/rat o aeX tjiu TT ]? i v e i’t t w v d y p u v to>v t o v yeeopyov K a re rrea e v ,

<pij<Tt Be " x a tp e f “ ^ a i p e e $ r ) v 6 y e ro p y o t, " t i ? e l ; " “ eyu )

a t X i j v i r i j t ec/1 1 , K a l a v ; " “ eya> yeaspyot t t p t . " “ r t e a r tv y e to p y o t ."

“ itT T iv o < jt i? nV y e co y rj." 11 t to t€ yea ipye t1; ; " "y c w p y e to t o u i jp o s ."

“ K a i t i e<TTiv t o v t o ; " “ e u r iv o ! p o u a y p o i : H o t tv t o p o v x w p to v ."

‘ ‘ Tt Spa?.” “ <<y<o f fT T t ip to ; ’ “ Tt a rre t p e ts : " “ a rre ip w a v t p f u n n :

O Tav a r r e p j ia r a a rre ip r ) t i? a r ro p e v t , a rro p d y iy v e r a t . " " x a l Tt

e c m t o v t o ; " " e c r t tv a p o T p o t K a l npuco tm d p o T p w ." “ o to i> apot?

t i y t y v e r a i ; " “ a p o r o t y ty v e r a t , d ra v d p o ri/ p ra> iip o rp rp a p o l . ”

“ Tt Spa? ev Tw d e p tp ;" “ ty u ) dept^co K a l d e p o t y iy v t T a i . " " K a l

7rw ? o i’a f id g e t ; " “ B e p ia n j t o v a p d ^ o p a t . " “ K ixp iv o tS a trot, y a (p ro

Se a e v T v x p v v r a : % a ipa )i> t fft , X a tP w U K o v a a t . " “ x a ‘P c‘,v *@l "

t<f>Tjv o y e top y b t.

H.

o yeclipyos errrreipe rh erveppara, airopevt yap ISov

ptKporarot avrjp avrfKdtv, aKijTrTpov apyvpov ev tt) X( lPl -" x <“ Pe " eXeyev o yetopyot Oavpaôpero? tiXXa o avrjp uuk eyi to tt)v “EXXrjviKTjv yXwTTav Kat 0vk e<pij Tip yetopycp. pera Se rdura

eXeyov Tot? ar)p,eiot<;, “ eyw ’ ’ eif>yj o ptKporarot avt]p " aeXrp'tTtjt ttp-i. Kai o t i peraXXijaa ra dcrrpa o peytarot Zeus ep't^rev

7roSo? Tcraywi' drrb /3rjXov arfkrp’aiov va v Se tjpap <f>epbpt)v Kat w iv auTy tt ) yr) KaTerreeov Kai ISuiv ToSe Kai ae <'wr)X0ov" “ Oavpa^w paXtara ” e<f>ri 0 yecopyot Kai ijuêro rrp A n . “ a\\a Tiva toT l TauTa " e<pi] o ai)Xr)vnr)t “ Ov ytyvcoaKto ev." “ iraaa r) yij ear iv ot aypoi pov Kai eya> yeiopyot tip i, to v to ear tvo apoTpov w o apoTTjp apot " “ xapiv ot’Sa aoi ” ecpt] 0 ar)Xrjvm]t Kai pa$Tjaopai tjjv E X X tjviktjv yXurrav <i? Ta^tVra.

I n the attempt to reorganize the teaching of classics, on the plan which has proved so brilliantly successful with modern languages,I have often regretted that there were no recorded experiments to learn from. That the general method of instruction and of practice was oral in former times, is indeed clear by many proofs: but there seems to be no record of details, other than may be inferred from such books as the dialogues of Erasmus, Corderius, Vives, or Sturm. I have therefore kept nearly all the written exercises which have been shown up to me in the past few years ; and now I have put down a lesson, with its results, in the hope that it may be useful to others, and may cause others also to make and to record their own experiments.

This is a class of average boys, who are in the second year of G reek: one lesson a day of 45 minutes being allowed for this subject. The class is accidentally small, some of the boys having been absent on the day of this lesson. All began Greek in this school except one, whose exercise is marked H ; he is a year older than the rest, and had elsewhere learnt Greek for a year on the current grammar-book system : all the others have learnt orally from the first. Two may possibly specialize in classics (A and E ) ; two will specialize in mathematics (D and H) two in science (IS and C), one in history (F), one in nothing (G). B came from an elementary school.

The lesson is recorded, so far as I was able to do, exactly as it was given. Something may have been omitted, but nothing has been added; there is no change except in one word in which the master himself was wrong, but since the mistake was faithfully reproduced, it is instructive for him only. The exercises are exactly reproduced in every other particular. Certain mistakes, such as the omission of the augment, have been made because the class had been reading Homer.

It will be seen that the boys’ imaginations have been at work, and that the method is clearly the opposite of mechanical; this is, to my mind, the chief merit of an oral method. It is unnecessary to point out how profound and far-reaching the effect must be on the national mind, if for a generation the school teaching should tend to exercise tiie imagination, instead of being mechanical. 1 would also point out that H, who has learnt Greek for three years, and has had the advantage, if it be an advantage, of a drill in mechanical grammar before the rest began, is the least satisfactory of the set, although his ability is above the average. The conversational answers are as a rule quite correct.

I should be glad to hear from any one who is interested in the matter.

W. H. D. ROU SE.

P e r s e G r a m m a r S c h o o l ,

C a m b r id g e . March i q o j .

ini - caligula

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