instrumental neutron activation analysis (inaa)
DESCRIPTION
Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). F rank L aboratory of N eutron P hysics Summer school in Dubna 5.7.-25.7.2010 Prepared by: B. Andel (SVK) , E. Govor (BLR), K. V. Mareš (CZE), M. Mazánová (SVK), A. Moravcsík (SVK), V. Voronova (BLR) Supervisor : - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Frank Laboratory of Neutron PhysicsSummer school in Dubna 5.7.-25.7.2010
Prepared by:B. Andel (SVK), E. Govor (BLR), K. V. Mareš (CZE), M. Mazánová (SVK), A. Moravcsík (SVK), V. Voronova (BLR)
Supervisor : prof. M. V. Frontasyeva, FLNP
The founders of FLNP
IntroductionNeutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is a sensitive
multi-element analytical technique used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of major, minor, trace and rare elements
NAA was discovered in 1936 by G. Hevesy (Hungary) and H. Levi (Denmark)
Forms of NAADestructive ( radiochemical ) - the resulting radioactive
sample is chemically decomposed, and the elements are chemically separated
Nondestructive ( instrumental ) - the resulting radioactive sample is kept intact
Principle
DetectionIrradiated samples are analyzed by gamma-spectrometry
Neutron sources Isotopic neutron sources (252Cf, 242Am)Neutron generatorsNuclear reactors
At FLNP the pulsed fast reactor IBR-2 is used
NeutronsThermal 0.025 eV-0.5 eVEpithermal 0.5 eV-100 keVFast 100 keV-25 MeV
Characteristics of INAANon-destructive analysisThe chemical form and physical state of the elements do
not influence the activation and decay processMulti-element analytical techniqueC, H, N, O and Si do not activate wellSuitable even for determination of masses in the order of
10–6–10–9 g and less
Applications of INAA at FLNP
Environmental studies (migration of pollutants in ecosystems, air pollution studies using moss-biomonitors)
Biotechnology for medicine (development of new pharmaceuticals and sorbents)
Material Science (high purity materials, nanoparticles and objects of national heritage)
Dependence of counts on distance between detector and gamma-source
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
3000
4500
6000
7500
9000
10500
12000
13500
15000
16500
18000
19500
21000
22500
24000
152Eu 121,8keV
coun
ts in
pea
k (ti
me
7 m
in)
distance (cm)4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0100200300400500600700800900
1000110012001300140015001600
152Eu 1408keV
coun
ts in
pea
k (ti
me
7 m
in)
distance (cm)
ReferencesP. Bode: Instrumental and organizational aspects of a
neutron activation analysis laboratotyhttp://www.sciner.com/Neutron/naa.htmlhttp://reactor.engr.wisc.edu/naa/http://tin.er.usgs.gov/geochem/doc/inaa.htmhttp://reactor.engr.wisc.edu/naa/UWNRNAA.htmhttp://www.reak.bme.hu/Wigner_Course/WignerManuals/
Budapest/NEUTRON_ACTIVATION_ANALYSIS.htmhttp://archaeometry.missouri.edu/naa_overview.html
Foto
by
Kam
il V
avrin
ec M
ares
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