integrating business processes - aalto ea lesson 4 part 1_2.pdf · 3.10: eai, (enterprise ......
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SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Integrating Business Processes
Enterprise Application Integration
Timo Itälä, Paavo Kotinurmi2007
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Course Map 2007
12.9: EA (Enterprise Architecture) Overview19.9: ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems26.9: BI (Business Intelligence) and Data Warehousing3.10: EAI, (Enterprise Application Integration) BPM (Business Process Management) and SOA (Service OrientedArchitecture)
Timo Itälä: Integrating Business ProcessesPaavo Kotinurmi: Enterprise Application Integration, RosettaNet, ebXMLTimo Itälä: BPM and SOATimo Itälä: Case Satakunta
10.10: ECM (Enterprise Content Management) and PDM (Product Data Management)
17.10: Enterprise Architecture Rewisited24.10: Governance, EA Summary
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
In the early days...
Automation of manual tasksPayrollBookkeepingOrder entryInvoicingStatistics
Input Output
Data Program
Computer
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
The next steps...Application packages
PersonnellEconomy administrationProduction ControlMaterial RequirementsInventory-Orders-Shipping-InvoicingPurchasingProduct development...
User tasks
Databases
Applications
Platforms
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Business processes...
Integration needed...”a business process is a series of steps designed to produce a product or service. Most processes (...) are cross-functional, spanning the ‘white space’ between the boxes on the organization chart" Applications support functional areas and have their own data and input/output formatsSupport for business processes need integration of the applications to support the flow of the processes
flow of dataflow of controlflow of work
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Example: Paper sales and distribution
Core business processesSales forecasting and budgetingOrder entry and delivery
FunctionsAdministrationProductionShipments managementSales/shipmentsCustomer
Information flows within a business process betweenfunctions
Source: Jouko Hannus: Prosessijohtaminen, 1993
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 7
Example: Integration of information flow
Applicationshave interfacesexchange messagessupport their ownmessaging protocols
Message Brokerintegrate severalapplicationsprovide conversionroutines for codesand formatssupport multiplemessaging protocols
Source: Jouko Hannus: Prosessijohtaminen, 1993
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
The integration stack
Transport Layer: Physicaland logical connections
Content Layer: Syntaxand semantics
Process Layer: Participantsand rolesChoreography and orchestration
Adaptation: Applications
Example: Persons from differentcountries with different nativelanguages need to do business with each other
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Who does the adaptation?
I talk Your language to YouThe sender does the adaptation
You talk my language to meThe receiver does the adaptation
I talk my language to him, he talks your language to You, He does the translation
The middleman does the adaptation
I talk Esperanto, You talk EsperantoThe sender and the receiver both do the adaptation
I
The Sender
He
The Middleman
You
The Receiver
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Integration topology options
Layers may have different topologies
Point-to-point Hub and spoke Common definitions
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Data is different...Transaction data
AmountEuroTime stamp
Reference dataOrganizationLocationProductCustomer
Process dataProduction batch numberOrder numberPacking list numberInvoice numberProcess instance unique identifiers
Transactions:
Production: DeliveriesSales: OrdersShipping: ShipmentsBilling: InvoicesFinance: Payments
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Master Data Management (MDM)
Integration of MDMProcess: Who, When, WhereContent: Common meaningsTransport: Repository - interfaces
HistoryVersioning of reference dataOperational systemsData Warehouse
Internal - ExternalInside the enterpriseBetween enterprises
Reference data
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Application integration options
Options within an enterpriseSingle application: ERP, CRM, FinancialsSingle database, multiple applicationsShared application components, common APIsMessages between applicationsDesktop integrationService Oriented Architectures
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Business to business integration (B2Bi)
EAI
EAI
EAI
EAI
Different requirementswithin enterprises and between enterprises
Different approacheswithin enterprises and between enterprises
EAI
Company A
Company B
B2Bi services
Company D
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Enterprise Application Integration
Point-to-point
EAI
With 68 systems there are 2278 possible (n*(n-1)/2) interconnections!
With 68 systems there are 68 possible interconnections!
Average organisation has 68 application systems according to a study of 400 enterprises(Finland Government 3500, EA case hundreds)
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
EAI box in ERP presentation
EAI tools ship with adapters to popular packaged applications (e.g. SAP)
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Pitfalls in point-to-point integration
Complexity Custom InterfacesManual re-keyingStovepiped processesData migration & consistency
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
EAI services
PDM system
CRM solution
Supply Chain Mgmt
eCommerce
Enterprise Resource Planning system
Siebel
WWW
I2eMatrix
SAP R/3
Pakki
Legacy application
Integrated enterprise
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
EAI selling arguments
Adding new interfaces or new application cheaper
Utilizing legacy systems (information availability)
Fewer interfaces
Data transformations in one place with ready-made tools
Reusability
Flexibility
Better control and visibility with transactions
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
EAI services include
Platform, protocol management..
Asynchronous,Synchronous messaging support..
Security services, encryption,non-repudiation..etc
Routing services, publish/subscribe..
Directory services..
Metadata management & repository services..
Event management, topology & synchronization..
Data mapping & transformation services.. (not always unified data model behind)
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
EAI limitations
EAI doesn’t solve semantic problems – you still need to define intermediate data formats etc.
EAI products are fairly young (except Message Oriented Middleware)
Standardization, information ownership, semantics etc big problems also within companies
Customer data…
Product data…
Technology is not enough, sometimes need to adjust processes
Most EAI projects fail (70%) - Constant change, Lack of EAI experts, Competing standards, EAI is a tool paradigm, ..
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
EAI services
PDM system
CRM solution
Supply Chain Mgmt
eCommerce
Enterprise Resource Planning system
Siebel
WWW
I2eMatrix
SAP R/3
Pakki
Legacy application
Semantically integrated enterprise ?!?
transformation
transformationtransformation
transformation
transformation
Is the transformation mess still n(n-1)/2?
Or is the so called canonical format as universal transformation target in the middle 2*n?
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Business to business integration (B2Bi)
EAI
EAI
EAI
EAI
Different requirementswithin enterprises and between enterprises
Different approacheswithin enterprises and between enterprises
EAI
Company A
Company B
B2Bi services
Company D
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
EDI background
The creators of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) were
mainly concerned about the size of their messages.
EDI messages are very compressed and use codes to
represent complex values.
The metadata is stripped from an EDI message
makes the message difficult to read and debug (but
they are meant for computers not human)
EDI programmers are hard to train and expensive to
keep. This complexity drives cost.
No one global EDI standard (UN/CEFACT, X.12)
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
EDI (EDIFACT order)UNH+0002771776+ORDERS:D:99A:UN:FI0084’BGM+105+40063000277177602748497+9’DTM+4:20000705:102’DTM+2:20000706:102’DTM+9:20000705:102’NAD+BY+003709895955:100++TRADEKA OY’NAD+SE+003702134547:100++OY HARTWALL AB’NAD+CN+40063000::92++VALINTATALOHERVANTA+LINDFORSINKATU 2+TAMPERE++33720’LIN+1++6413600001584:EN’IMD+F+8+:::HTW NOVELLE ORANGE LIME 1,5 L’QTY+21:144’LIN+2++6413600000280:EN’IMD+F+8+-:::VICHY 0,33L/HARTWALL’QTY+21:430’UNS+S’CNT+2:2’UNT+17+0002771776'
Source: TIEKE (EDI standards implementation guidelines document)
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Motivation for integration & e-business standards
Data transfer needs high, volume high, probability of human errors high,
frequency of data transfer Integration is needed between systemsXML has been central element in recent B2B standardization but XML alone is not enoughAlthough following are all human readable/interpretable, computers have problems in these things
<e-business/> <date>10/3/2007</date><eBusiness/> <date>3rd October 2007</date><E-business/> <xs:date>2007-10-03</xs:date>
XML provides a syntax way to represent information
Need standard to define commonly understood business documents
B2B standards often don’t just standardize the business documents, but define also the inter-company business processes and how the business documents can be securely transported over the Internet
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Automatic process
Business Document is standardized message encoded using XML or EDI
Reliable messaging =“postal service”
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
RosettaNet messaging principle
Internet & XML
RosettaNet defines processes and a framework for how data gets passed over the Web and certain handshake criteria.
Company A
SAPERP
Company Specific processing
I2APS
Company BCompany Specific
processing
Translate from RosettaNet standards to Company A system data set.
Translate from RosettaNet standards to Company Bsystem data set.
source: RosettaNet
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Problem that RosettaNet tries to solve
Standards needed to enable system-to-system
B2B collaboration.
Helps solving some semantical problems in
specific industry by providing message
guidelines, dictionaries and unique identifiers
Defines standard business processes
Reliable messaging over Internet
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
B2B Process Integration
Process PO
Send POCustomer
Send POSupplier
ProcessSales Order
Customer Supplier
Receive POAcknowledge
Send POAcknowledge
Send POResponse
Close
Send PO
Receive POResponse
Send POResponse
Acknowledge
Receive PO
Send POResponse
Receive POResponse
Acknowledge
Receive PO
CheckCustomer
CheckCredit
CheckAvailability
Create SalesOrder
Receive POAcknowledge
Send POAcknowledge
Send POResponse
Close
Receive PORequest
SelectSupplier
GenerateRFQ
SendRFQ
Select RFQResponse
SendPO
Close
Send PO
Receive POResponse
Send POResponse
Acknowledge
Receive PO
Send POResponse
Receive POResponse
Acknowledge
Receive PO
CheckCustomer
CheckCredit
CheckAvailability
Create SalesOrder
Private process(Company -specific)
Public process(Standard)
Public process(Standard)
Private process(Company -specific)
PO
CRM
SCM
ERP
Figu
re p
rovi
ded
by V
itria
Sys
tem
s
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Other standards for B2B integration
UBLebXMLNumerousindustry-specificstandards
Usage Example
33 Build System
Specifications
Profiles
Scenarios
Request ebXML specification
11
44 Register company profile
Query about Company X
55
Request Company X’s Scenario
99
DOBUSINESS!
11
DOBUSINESS!
11
Send Company X’s Scenario1010
ebXML BP Model
ebXML BO Library
Send Company X’s Profile66
Submit TPA77
TPA Accepted88
Send ebXML specification 22
SoberITSoftware Business and Engineering Institute
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Today what implemented and Tomorrow
Latest XI (Netweaver v. 7.1 , ESB support)
SAP 6.0 also advertised as enabling enterprise SOA