intro physics-ch 8-models of atoms


2/30

507

wmi diwnb |agjyd nkg wmi hn| lmbaujki laybg jkwiunlw wa puagyli wmixmjwi luz|wnbbjki |ye|wnkli |agjyd lmbaujgi -augjknuz wnebi |nbw*+ Fyu$wmiudaui" n |abywjak af |agjyd lmbaujgi nkg xnwiu lakgylw| nk ibilwujllyuuikw" eyw |abjg |agjyd lmbaujgi nkg pyui xnwiu |ipnunwibz ga kaw+Ibilwuabz|j|+ \ju Mydpmuz Gnvz nkg Djlmnib Fnungnz faykg nkawmiu

iffilw? dibwig wnebi |nbw -|agjyd lmbaujgi* lnk ei giladpa|ig jkwa |a$gjyd nkg lmbaujki ez wmi pn||nhi af nk ibilwujl lyuuikw" eyw wmi ibidikwlappiu j| kaw dagjfjig ak wmi dnlua bivib ez nk ibilwujl lyuuikw+ Wmigiladpa|jwjak af |agjyd lmbaujgi j| nk i}ndpbi af ibilwuabz|j| -y|jkhibilwujljwz wa gjvjgi |adiwmjkh jkwa jw| pnuw|*+ Nk ibilwujl lyuuikw lnk

Mydpmuz Gnvz ->88=$>=5:*

xn| gjuilwau af nk jk|wjwywjak

jk Euj|wab" Ikhbnkg" wmnw jkvi|$

wjhnwig wmi digjljknb puapiu$

wji| af vnujay| hn|i| xmik mipyebj|mig wmi xauc ak kjwuay|

a}jgi ->=00* wmnw dngi mjd

fnday|+ Mi xn| nppajkwig wa

wmi Uaznb Jk|wjwywjak jk Bak$

gak" xmiui mi lakwjkyig mj|

ui|inulm+ Gnvz j| uidideiuig

n| wmi jkvikwau af wmi lanb

djkiu(| |nfiwz bndp" nkg mi

xn| wmi fju|w wa i}pbnjk ibil$

wuabz|j| nkg wa |yhhi|w wmnw

ibilwujljwz nkg lmidjlnb jkwi$

unlwjak| nui gyi wa wmi |ndi

ybwjdnwi lny|i -wmi ibilwujl

fjibg" n| xi kax lnbb jw*

Djlmnib Fnungnz ->8:>$

>=68*" n ebnlc|djwm(| |ak" xn|

nppuikwjlig jk >=07 wa binuk

wmi eaacejkgjkh wungi+ Wmi

eaz y|ig mj| |pnui wjdi wa

uing eaac| ak ibilwujljwz nkg

lmidj|wuz" nkg jk >=>5 mi

nwwikgig n |iuji| af bilwyui|

ez Mydpmuz Gnvz+ Fnungnz

xuawi n |yddnuz af wmi bil$wyui| nkg |ikw jw wa Gnvz"

nbakh xjwm n ui~yi|w fau n oae+

Wmi |yddnuz dy|w mnvi eiik

eujbbjnkw3 jw nwwunlwig Gnvz(|

nwwikwjak" nkg mi nppajkwig

Fnungnz n| n bneaunwauz n|$

|j|wnkw nw wmi Uaznb Jk|wjwywjak+

Fnungnz ivikwynbbz |ylliigig

Gnvz n| Gjuilwau" nkg Gnvz

xn| wa ean|w wmnw af nbb mj|

gj|laviuji| wmi huinwi|w xn|

Djlmnib Fnungnz+ Dnkz mj|wa$

ujnk| unkc Fnungnz n| wmihuinwi|w af nbb i}piujdikwnb

pmz|jlj|w|+ Nbwmayhm mi ckix

ka dnwmidnwjl|" mi jkvikwig

wmi fjibg laklipw nkg faudy$

bnwig n ladpbiwi gi|lujpwjvi

wmiauz af ibilwujljwz+

Fjhyui =+5 -wa wmi ujhmw*Wmi ibilwuabz|j| af xnwiu wa faud

mzguahik nkg a}zhik hn|i|+ Kawi

wmi unwja af wmi vabydi| af hn|i|

puagylig+ Xmnw ga zay laklbygi

neayw wmi ladpa|jwjak af xnwiu1

Ak wmj| en|j|" lnk zay |yhhi|w n

dagjfjlnwjak af Gnbwak(| |zdeab

fau xnwiu neavi jk Fjhyui =+>1

Jw j| jkwiui|wjkh wmnw Gnbwak ckix

neayw wmj| i}piujdikw" nkg awmiu|

hjvjkh |jdjbnu ui|ybw| neayw wmi

|jdpbi xmabi kydeiu unwja| af wmivabydi| af ladejkjkh hn|i|" eyw

mi gjg kaw nllipw wmi|i fjkgjkh|"

pa||jebz eilny|i wmi pnuwjlybnu

dagib af nwad| mi mng givibapig

laybgk(w i}pbnjk jw.

Fjhyui =+> Gnbwak(| |zdeab| fau wmi nwad| af laddak ibidikw|+ Wmi eawwad uax

|max| mj| dagib| fau wmi daui ladpbi} %nwad|% af laddak ladpaykg|+



3/30

Lmnpwiu =Dagib| fau nwad| 509

nb|a euinc yp -ibilwuabz|i* xnwiu" puagyljkh mzguahik hn| nkg a}zhikhn| jk n vabydi unwja af wxa wa aki -Fjh+ =+5*+ Fnungnz laklbygig fuadwmi|i ae|iuvnwjak| wmnw nwad| af dnwwiu dy|w ei ikgaxig xjwm ibilwujl$

nb lmnuhi|+ Jk fnlw" wmi dn|| af dnwiujnb puagylig jk ibilwuabz|j| lnk eiy|ig wa faudybnwi nk apiunwjaknb gifjkjwjak af wmi ~ynkwjwz af ibilwujllmnuhi3 wmi giwnjb| af wmi gifjkjwjak nui jk wmi bifw dnuhjk+

Funkcbjk(| ibilwujl fbyjg+ Ivik nju piudjw| wmi pn||nhi af nk ibilwujllyuuikw" n| jk bjhmwkjkh au nk ibilwujl |pnuc+ Liuwnjk dnwiujnb| lnk eihjvik nk ibilwujl lmnuhi ez uyeejkh+ Eikondjk Funkcbjk |wygjig wmi|ipmikadikn nkg laklbygig" n| i}pbnjkig jk \ilwjak :* nkg O+ O+Wmad|ak |wygjig jk giwnjb wmi lakgylwjak af ibilwujl lyuuikw wmuayhm njujk n hbn|| wyei+ Fjh+ =+< |max| wmiju nppnunwy|+ Ibilwujl wiudjknb| xiuilakkilwig wa diwnb pjili| -lnbbig ibilwuagi|*" xmjlm xiui |inbigwmuayhm wmi ikg| af wmi wyei+ Wmi hn| jk wmi wyei laybg ei pydpig ayw|a n| wa puagyli n pnuwjnb vnlyyd jk|jgi+ Nw augjknuz nwda|pmiujl pui|$|yui" |pnuc| oydpig fuad aki ibilwuagi wa wmi awmiu+ Nw bax pui||yui"wmi hn| eilndi bydjkay|+ Eyw nw viuz bax pui||yui" wmi hbn|| af wmiwyei jw|ibf hbaxigivjgikli af jkwiunlwjak$nw$n$gj|wnkli eiwxiik wmiibilwuagi| nkg wmi hbn||+ Xmik n diwnb |luiik xjwm n fbyaui|likw laviu$

jkh xn| pbnlig jk wmi wyei" jw hbaxig nkg ln|w n %|mngax% ak wmi hbn||wyei" pui|ydnebz ez jkwiulipwjkh wmi %unz|% wmnw xiui pn||jkh eiwxiikwmi ibilwuagi| nkg wmi hbn||+ Jk wmj| xnz jw xn| pa||jebi wa |max wmnw wmikihnwjvi ibilwuagi" lnbbig wmi lnwmagi" xn| wmi |ayuli af wmi unz|"xmjlm xiui lnbbig lnwmagi unz|" nkg wmi nppnunwy| eilndi ckaxk n| n%lnwmagi unz wyei+% Xmiwmiu wmi unz| xiui n |wuind af pnuwjlbi| au nxnvi pmikadikak xn| kaw ziw ckaxk+

Fjhyui =+< -wa ujhmw* Nk ibilwujl lyu$

uikw lnk pn|| wmuayhm bax$pui||yui

nju jk n hbn|| wyei" hjvjkh uj|i wa dnkzjkwiui|wjkh bydjkay| iffilw|+ Wmj| |jd$

pbi %lnwmagi unz wyei% |wjdybnwig

dnkz fuyjwfyb jkvi|wjhnwjak|" hjvjkh

ejuwm wa wmi ibilwuak" ibilwuakjl|" wmi

WV wyei" ]$unz|" nkg awmiu gj|lavi$

uji|+

Gunxjkh ka jklbygig jk Xie pyebjln$

wjak $ piudj||jak kaw nvnjbnebi+

APIUNWJAKNB GIFJKJWJAK

Wmi ~ynkwjwz af ibilwujl lmnuhi

j| din|yuig ez wmi dn|| af

mzguahik jw bjeiunwi| jk wmi

ibilwuabz|j| af xnwiu+ Wmi ykjw

af ibilwujl lmnuhi" lnbbig wmiFnungnz -|zdeab F*" j| wmi

~ynkwjwz af ibilwujljwz n||a$

ljnwig xjwm > hund af mzgua$

hik+

\ju Oa|ipm Oamk Wmad|ak

->=96$>:70* xn| eauk jk Dnk$

lmi|wiu nkg |wygjig nw Lnd$

eujghi" Ikhbnkg+ Jk >==7 mi

xn| nppajkwig wa xmnw xn|

wmik wmi da|w pui|wjhjay| pa|j$

wjak jk pmz|jl|" wmi Lnvikgj|m

lmnju af pmz|jl| nw Lndeujghi+

Mj| gj|laviuz af wmi ibilwuaknkg jw| puapiuwji| jk >=:8 xak

mjd n Kaeib Puji jk >:06+

%J mapi J dnz ei nbbaxig wa

uilaug |adi wmiauiwjlnb |pily$

bnwjak| +++ J pyw wmid fauxnug

akbz n| xaucjkh mzpawmi|i|" +++

wa ei uiwnjkig n| bakh n| wmiz

nui af n||j|wnkli +++ Wmi pmi$

kadikn jk wmi|i i}mny|wig

wyei| uivinb wa pmz|jlnb |ljikli

n kix xaubgn xaubg xmiui

dnwwiu dnz i}j|w jk n fayuwm

|wnwi" xmiui wmi laupy|lybnu

wmiauz af bjhmw dnz ei wuyi" nkg

xmiui bjhmw gai| kaw nbxnz|

davi jk |wunjhmw bjki|" eyw

xmiui xi lnk kiviu ikwiu" nkg

xjwm xmjlm xi dy|w ei lakwikw

wa ae|iuvi nkg i}piujdikw fuad

wmi ayw|jgi+%

\ju Xjbbjnd Luaaci|

Pmjba|a mjlnb Wunk|nlw+ >=8



4/30

506

Ibilwuak|+ Ez labbilwjkh wmi unz|" biwwjkh wmid jkwiunlw xjwm ibilwujlnbbzlmnuhig eagji|" gifbilwjkh wmid xjwm dnhkiw| -Fjh+ =+7*" nkg ~ynkwjwnwjvi$bz din|yujkh wmi iffilw|" O+ O+ Wmad|ak xn| nebi wa |max wmnw wmi lnwmagiunz| lnuujig ibilwujl lmnuhi nkg jkiuwjnb dn|| jk n fj}ig unwja+ Mi wmiuifauipuapa|ig n pnuwjlbi dagib wa i}pbnjk wmi jkwiunlwjak$nw$n$gj|wnkli eiwxiik

wmi lnwmagi nkg hbn||? dnkz wjkz" jgikwjlnb djlua$gadnjk pnuwjlbi| xjwm ngifjkjwi dn|| nkg kihnwjvi lmnuhi nui idjwwig ez wmi lnwmagi nkg nl~yjuicjkiwjl ikiuhz ak eijkh nwwunlwig ez wmi pa|jwjvi ibilwuagi -wmi nkagi*+Wmad|ak ngapwig wmi wiud ibilwuak fau wmi|i pnuwjlbi|+Uaeiuw Djbbjcnk

bnwiu din|yuig wmi ibilwujl lmnuhi af n |jkhbi ibilwuak jk >:0: ez dink| afmj| jkhikjay| ajb guap i}piujdikw" wmi fju|w din|yuidikw af n pmz|jlnb

Fjhyui =+7 -wa ujhmw*+

Gifbilwjak af lnwmagi unz| ez

dnhkiwjl nkg ibilwujl fjibg|+

-n* Gifbilwjak ez n dnhkiwjl fjibg+

-e* Gifbilwjak ez nk ibilwujl fjibg+

-l* Gifbilwjak ez eawm dnhkiwjl

nkg ibilwujl fjibg|+

%+++ Wmi da|w gjviu|i apjkjak|

nui mibg n| wa SlnwmagiT unz|3

nllaugjkh wa wmi nbda|w yk$

nkjday| apjkjak af Hiudnk

pmz|jlj|w| wmiz nui gyi wa |adiSxnviT puali|| jk wmi niwmiu wa

xmjlmjkn|dylm n| jk n ykj$

faud dnhkiwjl fjibg wmiju layu|i

j| ljulybnu nkg kaw uilwjbjkinu

ka pmikadikak mjwmiuwa ae$

|iuvig j| nknbahay|3 nkawmiu

vjix af wmi|i unz| j| wmnw" |a fnu

fuad eijkh xmabbz niwmiujnb

Sxnvi$bjciT" wmiz nui jk fnlw

xmabbz dnwiujnb" nkg wmnw wmiz

dnuc wmi pnwm| af pnuwjlbi| af

dnwwiu lmnuhig xjwm kihnwjvi

ibilwujljwz + + + J lnk |ii ka i|$lnpi fuad wmi laklby|jak wmnw

wmiz nui lmnuhi| af kihnwjvi

ibilwujljwz lnuujig ez pnuwjlbi|

af dnwwiu+ Wmi ~yi|wjak ki}w

nuj|i|" Xmnw nui wmi|i pnu$

wjlbi|1 nui wmiz nwad|" au dabi$

lybi|" au dnwwiu jk n |wjbb fjkiu

|wnwi af |yegjvj|jak1%

O+ O+ Wmad|ak

Pmjba|apmjlnb Dnhnjki" >=:8

Gunxjkh kaw jklbygig jk Xie pyebjlnwjak $ piudj||jak kaw

nvnjbnebi+



5/30


~ynkwjwz jk wmi djlua gadnjk+ Djbbjcnk(| vnbyi af wmi ibilwujl lmnuhi pby|Wmad|ak(| vnbyi fau wmi lmnuhi$wa$dn|| unwja zjibgig wmi nlwynb dn|| af wmiibilwuak+ Dagiuk nppbjlnwjak af wmi lnwmagi unz wyei mn| luinwig wmi ibil$

wuakjl| jkgy|wuz nkg uivabywjakjig laddykjlnwjak| -Fjh+ =+9*+Ibilwuak xnvi|+ Nllaugjkh wa O+ O+ Wmad|ak jk >=:8" lnwmagi unz| xiui

djkywi" ibilwujlnbbz$lmnuhig %laupy|lbi|+% Maxiviu" pmz|jlj|w| jk Hiudnkz"xmiui Luaaci| mng aujhjknbbz gj|laviuig lnwmagi unz|" wmayhmw af wmi ln$wmagi unz| n| |jdjbnu wa bjhmw nkg awmiu wzpi| af ibilwuadnhkiwjl xnvi| -jk$lbygjkh wmi uilikwbz gj|laviuig ]$unz|*" nkg wmiz nwwidpwig wa i}pbnjk wmilnwmagi unz| ak wmi en|j| af n xnvi dawjak af wmi %niwmiu% -|ii ~yawi fuadWmad|ak ak puivjay| pnhi*+ Wmad|ak aviulndi wmi|i nuhydikw| ez wmiwyuk af wmi likwyuz xjwm n dn|wiufyb |iuji| af i}piujdikw|" vabydi| af gnwnnkg dnkz ayw|wnkgjkh pnpiu| gidak|wunwjkh max mj| gnwn lakfjudig wmipuigjlwjak| af wmi pnuwjlbi dagib nkg lakfbjlwig xjwm wma|i af wmi xnvidagib+

N| n dnwwiu af fnlw" ka aki nw wmi wyuk af wmi likwyuz nlwynbbz wi|wig wmi ln$

wmagi unz|" gjuilwbz" fau xnvi puapiuwji|+ Aki uin|ak fau wmj| xn| Wmad|ak(|i}piujdikw| nkg wjhmwbz$xavik nuhydikw|3 nkawmiu xn| wmi fnlw wmnw ibilwujllmnuhi| mng nbxnz| eiik n||aljnwig xjwm dnwwiu" nkg ka aki mng iviu ae$|iuvig lmnuhi| wunk|pauwig fuad pbnli wa pbnli ez xnvi|+ Jk nkz ln|i" kaaki pyu|yig wmj| fau nbda|w :56" Gnvj||ak nkg Hiudiu piufaudig nk i}piujdikw jk xmjlmlnwmagi unz| xiui jkwiulipwig ez n kjlcib luz|wnb" xmjlm mng uihybnubz nu$unkhig nwad| wmnw fyklwjakig bjci n gjffunlwjak hunwjkh+ Gnvj||ak nkg Hiu$diu faykg n gjffunlwjak pnwwiuk" n| puigjlwig ez n xnvi dagib fau wmilnwmagi unz|. Maxiviu" wmi xnvibikhwm af wmi ibilwuak| xn| i}wuidibz|mauw" dylm |mauwiu wmnk wmi xnvibikhwm af vj|jebi bjhmw+

Wmi pui|ikw vjix" wmiuifaui" j| wmnw wmi puapnhnwjak af ibilwuak| j| ei|w gi$|lujeig n| n xnvi pmikadikak+ Jk da|w |jwynwjak|" wmi xnvibikhwm j| viuz|mauw" maxiviu" |a wmnw gjffunlwjak nkg awmiu xnvi$bjci eimnvjau nppinu akbzxjwm djlua$gadnjk$|jig |bjw|" n| jk wmi kjlcib luz|wnb+ Wmy| Wmad|ak(| i}$piujdikw|" xjwm dnlua$gadnjk |ji |bjw|" gjg kaw uivinb xnvi iffilw|+ Wmidagiuk wmiauz jklbygi| wmi pa||jejbjwz af faudjkh djlua$gadnjk xnvipnlciw| fuad ibilwuak xnvi|+ Wmi|i wjkz xnvi pnlciw|" xmjlm lnuuz dn||nkg ibilwujl lmnuhi" eimnvi bjci pnuwjlbi| jk dnlua$gadnjk i}piujdikw|+

Fjhyui =+9 Labau wibivj|jak wyei| jk nk n||id$

ebz bjki nui eijkh encig aviu minw bndp| wa

eakg n |piljnb pma|pmaui|likw dnwiujnb wa wmi

jk|jgi af wmi hbn|| |luiik+ WV wyei| nui i||ik$

wjnbbz lnwmagi unz wyei|3 wmi ibilwuak| nuiioilwig ez wmi lnwmagi -nw wap af pmawahunpm*"

faudig jkwa n eind" nkg nbbaxig wa |wujci wmi

|luiik -nw eawwad*" wunk|fiuujkh |adi af wmiju

ikiuhz wa wmi pma|pmaui|likw dnwiujnb" xmjlm

idjw| bjhmw af |piljfjl labau|+ Dnhkiwjl fjibg|

nui y|ig wa gjuilw wmi ibilwuak eind wa |piljfjl

pajkw| ak wmi |luiik nkg wmy| faud wmi jdnhi

xi |ii+

Uaeiuw N+ Djbbjcnk ->=6=$>:9:5+8} >0$57

fnungnz+ Mikli >

hund af mzguahik mn| 6+0 }

>05:0= zjibgig n |yupuj|jkh ui|ybw wmnw laybg kawei jkwiupuiwig xjwm wmi Wmad|ak dagib fau wmi nwad+ Nk i}wuidibz wmjkhabg fajb xn| eadenugig xjwm nbpmn unz|" xmjlm nui wmi gj|jkwihunwjakpuagylw| af wmi ungjanlwjvi ibidikw ungjyd -Fjh+ =+8*+ Fuad wmiju jkwi$unlwjak xjwm dnhkiw| nkg ibilwujl lmnuhi|" jw xn| ckaxk wmnw nbpmn unz|nui pa|jwjvibz lmnuhig nkg nui neayw =000 wjdi| n| dn||jvi n| ibil$wuak|+ Da|w af wmi nbpmn unz| wmnw jdpjkhig ak wmi fajb xikw wmuayhmxjwmayw n din|yunebi gifbilwjak" eyw n viuz |dnbb kydeiu xiui gif$bilwig ez daui wmnk :0" wmnw j|" enlc waxnug| wmi |ayuli+ Nppnuikwbz"wmi gifbilwig nbpmn unz| mjw |adiwmjkh wmnw xn| pui|ikw miui nkg wmiuijk wmi habg fajb

Jk wmi Wmad|ak dagib" wmi ibilwuak| xiui pui|ikw %miui nkg wmiui+%Laybg wmiz mnvi gifbilwig wmi nbpmn unz|1 Wmi viuz bax dn|| af wmiibilwuak| ladpnuig wa wmnw af wmi nbpmn unz| dinkw wmnw kaki af wmi nb$pmn| |maybg ei gifbilwig ez daui wmnk :0" au enlcxnug|+ Nbb gifbil$wjak| fuad ibilwuak| |maybg ei |dnbb nkg kaki bnuhi -Fjh+ =+= nkgFjhyui =+:n*+ Eyw Uywmiufaug(| dnkz i}piujdikw| lbinubz |maxig wmnwwmj| xn| kaw wuyi3 wmiuifaui" mi mng wa givj|i mj| axk dagib fau wmi xnzwmi ibilwuak| nkg wmi pa|jwjvi lmnuhi xiui nuunkhig jk wmi nwad+

Fjhyui =+= Nknbahyi dagib

fau wmi labbj|jak af nk nbpmn

unz xjwm nk ibilwuak? n >9$jklm |mibb mjw| wj||yi pnpiu" n|

|yhhi|wig ez Iuki|w Uywmiu$

faug jk ~yawi eibax wa bifw+

Xaybg zay i}pilw wmi |mibb

-au wmi nbpmn unz* wa eaykli

enlc1 I|wjdnwi wmi unwja af

dn||i| $ wmj| hjvi| n uayhm

i|wjdnwi af wmi puaenejbjwz

wmnw wmi |mibb xaybg eaykli

enlc+Iuki|w Uywmiufaug ->=8>$

>:=:9+ Nfwiuwmuii zinu| n| n |wygikw af O+

O+ Wmad|ak nw Lndeujghi" mi

nllipwig n puafi||au|mjp nw

DlHjbb Ykjviu|jwz" Lnkngn+

Uywmiufaug |maxig |ylm vju$

wya|jwz n| nk i}piujdikwnbj|w

wmnw mi xn| euayhmw wa Dnk$

lmi|wiu n| gjuilwau af n ui$

|inulm bneaunwauz jk >:08+ Nw

Dnklmi|wiu" Uywmiufaug gi$

vibapig mj| kylbinu dagib af

wmi nwad+ Nk i}wunaugjknujbz

xnud" piulipwjvi" nkg |wjdy$

bnwjkh dnk" Uywmiufaug fa|$

wiuig nkg jkfbyiklig nk

ndnjkhbz hjfwig huayp af

zaykh dik" jklbygjkh Kjib|

Eamu+

%Jw xn| ~yjwi wmi da|w jkluig$

jebi ivikw wmnw mn| iviu mnp$

pikig wa di jk dz bjfi+ Jw xn|

nbda|w n| jkluigjebi n| jf zay

mng fjuig n fjfwiik$jklm |mibb

nw n pjili af wj||yi pnpiu nkg

jw lndi enlc nkg mjw zay+%

S|ii Fjhyui =+= neaviTIuki|w Uywmiufaug



8/30

5>0

Uywmiufaug(| kylbinu dagib+ Jf wmi ibilwuak| xiuik(w minvz ikayhm waeaykli wmi nbpmn unz| enlc" xmnw ib|i jk wmi nwad laybg ga jw1 Uywmiufaug

wmiuifaui wmayhmw fyuwmiu neayw wmi pa|jwjvi lmnuhi jk wmi nwad" xmjlmWmad|ak(| dagib uipui|ikwig n| eijkh |puing ayw bjci n lbayg" eyw xmjlmjklbygig nbda|w nbb wmi dn|| af wmi nwad+ Piumnp| jw xn| kaw |puing ayw3piumnp| jw xn| nlwynbbz laklikwunwig xjwm nbb jw| dn|| jk n viuz |dnbb ui$hjak af |pnli+ Jf nbpmn unz| |wujci |ylm n |dnbb" dn||jvi aeoilw ming ak"wmiz xaybg uilajb jk wmi gjuilwjak fuad xmjlm wmiz lndi au ei gifbilwigez bnuhi nkhbi|" n| |maxk jk Fjhyui =+:e+ Wmi nbpmn unz| nui bjci unkgad%eybbiw|% |wujcjkh n wnuhiw3 akbz wmi aki| wmnw mnppik wa mjw wmi %eybb(|$izi%-wmi pa|jwjvi lmnuhi* xaybg ei gifbilwig ez bnuhi nkhbi|+ Da|w af wmi nb$pmn unz| xaybg |jdpbz lakwjkyi jk n |wunjhmw bjki+ Wmi piulikwnhi af gif$bilwig nbpmn| |maybg ei gjuilwbz uibnwig wa wmi |ji af wmi eybb(|$izi+

Ak wmi en|j| af wmj| uibnwjak|mjp Uywmiufaug i|wjdnwig wmi |ji af%eybb(|$izi"% wmnw j|" wmi uihjak allypjig ez wmi pa|jwjvi lmnuhi xjwmjk wminwad+ Uywmiufaug faykg wmnw wmj| uihjak xn| dylm" dylm |dnbbiu wmnk wmi|ji af n habg nwad+ Uywmiufaug lnbbig wmj| |dnbb" dn||jvi" pa|jwjvilmnuhi wmi kylbiy| af wmi nwad+

Wmi nwadjl dagib jkvikwig ez Uywmiufaug" lnbbig wmi kylbinu nwad"mn| |waag wmi wi|w af wjdi nkg" xjwm dnkz uifjkidikw|" j| |wjbb nllipwigwagnz+ Maxiviu" xmik Uywmiufaug puapa|ig wmi kylbinu dagib" wmiuixiui dnkz |iujay| gjffjlybwji| nkg vnujay| %dz|wiuji|% n||aljnwig xjwmwmj| kix dagib+ Xi xjbb kax i}pbnjk wmi|i puaebid| nkg max wmiz xiuiui|abvig" xmjlm bnjg wmi huaykgxauc fau ~ynkwyd wmiauz+ Gjffjlybwji| af wmi kylbinu dagib+ Aki af wmi dz|wiuji| xn| wa i}$

pbnjk max nbb wmi pa|jwjvi ibilwujl lmnuhi laybg uidnjk lby|wiuig jk n|dnbb uihjak af |pnli jk |pjwi af wmi ikauday| dywynb uipyb|jak af nbb

wmi pnuw| af wmi lmnuhi fau aki nkawmiu+ Wa |abvi wmj| puaebid" jw j| ki$li||nuz wa dnci n dagib fau wmi nwadjl kylbiy| jw|ibf" |maxjkh wmi pnuw|jw j| ladpa|ig af nkg max wmiz jkwiunlw -\ilwjak =+6*+

Fjhyui =+: Gifbilwjak af nb$

pmn unz| ez n habg fajb+

-n* N| puigjlwig ez Wmad$

|ak(| %pbyd pyggjkh dagib"%da|w nbpmn| xaybg ei gif$

bilwig ez |dnbb nkhbi|" eyw

kaki xaybg ei gifbilwig ez

daui wmnk :0+

-e* N| puigjlwig ez Uywmiu$

faug(| kylbinu dagib" da|w

nbpmn| xaybg ei ykgifbilwig"

eyw n fix xaybg nlwynbbz

|wujci wmi kylbiy| nkg wmy| ei

gifbilwig ez |ye|wnkwjnb nk$

hbi|+ Jk nggjwjak" ndakh nb$

pmn| nlwynbbz |wujcjkh wmi

kylbiy|" wmiui xaybg ei nviuz fix wmnw xaybg mnvi

%ming$ak% labbj|jak|+ Wmi|i

nbpmn| uipui|ikw wmi viuz

|dnbb" eyw kaw iua" kydeiu

gifbilwig ez daui wmnk :0

Gunxjkh kaw jklbygig $ Piudj||jak kaw nvnjbnebi+



9/30

Lmnpwiu =Dagib| fau nwad| 5>>

Wmi puaebid af nwadjl |wnejbjwz+ N |ilakg dz|wiuz xn| xmz wmi kihn$wjvi ibilwuak|" xmjlm xiui |wuakhbz nwwunlwig ez wmi pa|jwjvi kylbiy|"uidnjkig ayw|jgi wmi kylbiy| nkg xiui kaw pybbig jkwa jw+ Wmi fju|w nw$

widpw wa ui|abvi wmj| dz|wiuz xn| kaw |ylli||fyb+ Uywmiufaug |yhhi|wigwmnw wmi nwad j| bjci n djkjnwyui |abnu |z|wid" xjwm wmi bjhmw" kihnwjviibilwuak| auejwjkh nuaykg wmi minvz" pa|jwjvi kylbiy|? wmi pbnkiwnuzdagib fau wmi nwad+ Ivik wmayhm |ylm nk nwad xaybg kaw labbnp|i jd$digjnwibz" wmi uibnwjvi dawjak af kihnwjvi nkg pa|jwjvi lmnuhi| xn|ckaxk wa bing wa wmi idj||jak af ibilwuadnhkiwjl xnvi|" n| jk Miuw(||pnuc hnp i}piujdikw| -\ilwjak 8+0*+\jkli nwad| nui kaw ae|iuvig wa idjw bjhmw ykwjb wmiz labbnp|i -jk fnlw"wmiz nui |wnebi nkg ga kaw labbnp|i*" wmi pbnkiwnuz viu|jak af wmi kylbinunwad gjg kaw |iid |nwj|fnlwauz+

Wmi puaebid af bjki |pilwun+ N wmjug dz|wiuz xn| wmi bjki |pilwuyd afbjhmw idjwwig ez maw hn|i| -\ilwjak 8+5*+ Maw hn|i| idjw bjhmw af |ibilwigfui~yiklji|" nkg wmi nwadjl dagib| |maybg hjvi nk i}pbnknwjak af wmi|pilwuyd+ Wmi pbnkiwnuz kylbinu nwad big wa wmi idj||jak af bjhmw" n|xi mnvi oy|w i}pbnjkig" eyw wmi idj||jak kiviu |wappig" nkg wmi fui$~yiklz vnujig n| wmi ibilwuak |pjunbig xjwm nk jkluin|jkh fui~yiklz akjw| xnz waxnug wmi kylbiy|+

Jk |pjwi af jw| gjffjlybwji|" wmi kylbinu nwad nb|a ikoazig |ylli||i|+ Ez|wygzjkh wmi gifbilwig nbpmn unz|" Uywmiufaug xn| nebi wa giwiudjki wmiuibnwjvi ndaykw| af pa|jwjvi ibilwujl lmnuhi ak vnujay| kylbij+ Mi faykgwmnw wmi pa|jwjvi lmnuhi| ak kylbij af gjffiuikw ibidikw|" |ylm n| lnu$eak" nbydjkyd" lappiu" nkg habg" vnujig jk wmi |ndi unwja n| wmi nwadjlkydeiu af wmi ibidikw -\ilwjak 7+9*+ \jkli wmi kihnwjvibz lmnuhig ibil$

wuak| jk nk nwad dy|w kiywunbji wmi pa|jwjvi lmnuhi ak wmi kylbiy|" wmikydeiu af ibilwuak| j| oy|w i~ynb wa wmi nwadjl kydeiu nkg vnujig fuadaki ibidikw wa wmi ki}w jk wmi piujagjl wnebi+ Wmj| |wnuwbjkh ui|ybw i}$pbnjkig max wmi nwad| af vnujay| ibidikw| gjffiuig fuad aki nkawmiu3fyuwmiudaui" jw i}pbnjkig wmi |jhkjfjlnkli af wmi lmidj|w|( nwadjl kyd$eiu jk wiud| af wmi |wuylwyui af nwad|+

Fjhyui =+>0 Jk wmi pbnki$

wnuz dagib" wmi ibilwuak

idjw| bjhmw nkg |pjunb| jkwa

wmi kylbiy| n| jw ba|i|

daui nkg daui ikiuhz+



10/30

5>5

=+< Eamu(| dagib fau wmi nwadEamu(| wmiauz+ Kjib| Eamu" n zaykh Gnkj|m wmiauiwjlnb pmz|jlj|w wid$

paunujbz xaucjkh nw Uywmiufaug(| bneaunwauz" jkjwjnwig n ladpbiwibz kixnppuanlm wa nwadjl dagib| nkg nlmjivig n gilj|jvi euincwmuayhm jk>:>5+ Mi nllipwig wmi fjkgjkh| af Wmad|ak nkg Uywmiufaug" eyw mi gjgkaw |yedjw wmiju dagib| diuibz wa wmi bnx| af dawjak nkg ibilwuadnh$kiwj|d n| faudybnwig ez Kixwak nkg Dn}xibb" ui|pilwjvibz+ Jk nggj$wjak" mi xn| |wjdybnwig ez wmi jklak|j|wiklji| af wmi i}j|wjkh dagib| wajkwuagyli kix pujkljpbi| lnbbig ~ynkwyd uybi| -|wnwig wa wmi bifw*" nkgmi faykg wmnw wmi|i |abvig nbb wmi gjffjlybwji| n||aljnwig xjwm wmi ibil$wuak dawjak nkg bjhmw idj||jak jk wmi kylbinu nwad+ I~ynwjak =+> j| akiaf wmi ~ynkwyd uybi|" lnbbig Eamu(| fui~yiklz lakgjwjak+ Wmi ~ynkwyduybi| nkg wmi pualigyui| fau y|jkh wmid dnci yp Eamu(| wmiauz+ XmikEamu nppbjig wmi ~ynkwyd uybi| wa wmi kylbinu dagib fau wmi mzguahiknwad" xmjlm j| wmi |jdpbi|w af nbb nwad| jk wmnw jw mn| akbz aki ibilwuak"

mi aewnjkig i}libbikw ~ynkwjwnwjvi nhuiidikw xjwm ae|iuvnwjak| af wmimzguahik |pilwuyd+ Wmj| i}pbnknwjak af wmi fui~yiklji| af wmi bjhmwidjwwig nkg ne|aueig ez wmi mzguahik nwad xn| n |wnuwbjkh |ylli|| afEamu(| wmiauz+

N bjwwbi bnwiu xi xjbb i}pbnjk wmi giwnjb| af wmi ~ynkwyd uybi| nkg maxwa nppbz wmid+ Kax xi xjbb gi|lujei max wmiz ibjdjknwi wmi lujwjlnbgjffjlybwji| af wmi kylbinu dagib+

\wnwi| af nk nwad+ Jk nkz dagib fau nwad|" wmi |wnwi af nk nwad j| gi$|lujeig jk wiud| af wmi nuunkhidikw nkg dawjak af jw| pnuw|+ EifauiEamu" wmi ungjy| af nk ibilwuak(| auejw nuaykg wmi kylbiy| xn| eibjivigwa eiladi |dnbbiu nkg |dnbbiu n| wmi ibilwuak ba|w ikiuhz ez ungjnwjaknkg |pjunbig jkwa wmi kylbiy|+ Wmi ikiuhz af wmi nwad jk nkz |wnwi xn|lnblybnwig fuad wmi |piig| af wmi ibilwuak -cjkiwjl ikiuhz* nkg wmi ibil$

wujl jkwiunlwjak ndakh wmi ibilwuak| nkg wmi kylbiy| -ibilwujl fjibg ikiu$hz*+ Xjwm Eamu(| uybi|" liuwnjk ibilwuak auejw| nkg wmiuifaui liuwnjk|wnwi| af nwad| xiui |ibilwig" nkg nbb awmiu| xiui ibjdjknwig+ Wmi ikiu$hz af inlm nbbaxig |wnwi" maxiviu" xn| lnblybnwig fuad wmi cjkiwjl nkgibilwujl fjibg ikiuhji| n| eifaui+ Inlm nbbaxig |wnwi af nk nwad j| lnbbignk ikiuhz bivib -Fjh+ =+>>*+

Wxa jdpauwnkw lak|i~yikli| fabbax fuad wmi i}j|wikli af ikiuhz bi$vib|+ Fju|w" wmiui j| nk nwadjl |wnwi xjwm wmi baxi|w piudjwwig ikiuhz"lnbbig wmi huaykg |wnwi+ Nk nwad jk wmi huaykg |wnwi lnkkaw idjw bjhmw"eilny|i idj||jak af bjhmw xaybg uigyli jw| ikiuhz eibax wmi baxi|wpiudjwwig vnbyi+ Wmi huaykg |wnwi j|" wmiuifaui" |nfi nhnjk|w labbnp|i afwmi ibilwuak| jkwa wmi kylbiy|+ \ilakg" xmik wmi nwad j| kaw jk wmihuaykg |wnwi" jw lnk idjw bjhmw n| wmi ibilwuak %oydp|% fuad nk auejw af

mjhmiu ikiuhz wa nkawmiu af baxiu ikiuhz+ Wmi ikiuhz wunk|fiuuig wa wmibjhmw j| n |piljfjl ndaykw i~ynb wa wmi ikiuhz gjffiuikli eiwxiik wmiwxa |wnwi| af wmi nwad -Fjh+ =+>5*+ Wmi fui~yiklz af wmi bjhmw lnk eilnblybnwig fuad wmi ikiuhz wunk|fiu nllaugjkh wa wmi faudybn jk Eamu(||ilakg uybi nkg mj| fui~yiklz lakgjwjak -I~+ =+>*+ Mikli wmi idj||jak|pilwuyd xjbb lak|j|w akbz af wmi |pilwunb bjki| nuj|jkh fuad nbb wmi nb$baxig auejwnb %oydp|% af wmi ibilwuak|3 wmi |pilwuyd xjbb kaw ei n lad$pbiwi unjkeax jklbygjkh nbb fui~yiklji|+

Eamu(| ~ynkwyd uybi|?

>+ Akbz liuwnjk |ibilwig aki|

af nbb laklijvnebi auejw| af

wmi pbnkiwnuz dawjak af wmi

ibilwuak| nuaykg wmi kylbiy|

nui piudj||jebi+

5+ Xmik nk nwad idjw| -au

ne|aue|* bjhmw" jw dnci| n

~ynkwyd oydp fuad aki wa

nkawmiu af wmi |ibilwig auejw|+

Wmi ikiuhz wunk|fiuuig"

lnbbig n ~ynkwyd af ikiuhz"

giwiudjki| wmi fui~yiklz af

wmi bjhmw" nllaugjkh wa I~+

=+>+

I~ynwjak =+>

ikiuhz wunk|fiuuig 4 I

fui~yiklz af bjhmw 4 f

Pbnklc(| lak|wnkw 4 m

I 4 mf

Pbnklc(| lak|wnkw m mn| n

kydiujlnb vnbyi jk wmi djlua

gadnjk"

m 4 6+6 } >0$


11/30

Lmnpwiu =Dagib| fau nwad| 5>:>5 dnkz pmz|jlj|w| n|cigwmj| ~yi|wjak+ Maxiviu" n %xmz% ~yi|wjak af wmj| wzpi j| daui n pmjba$|apmjlnb wmnk n |ljikwjfjl ~yi|wjak+ Wmi ~ynkwyd uybi| nui nk jkwihunbpnuw af Eamu(| dagib? wmi uybi| dy|w ei nllipwig jf wmi dagib j| |yl$li||fyb nkg uioilwig" au dagjfjig" jf jw fnjb|+ Jf n |ilakg |ylli||fyb dag$ib j| nvnjbnebi" xi laybg lmaa|i wmi aki wmnw eiwwiu |nwj|fji| ayu

lyuja|jwz au puifiuikli|+ Eyw" jk >:>5" lnblybnwjak| en|ig ak Eamu(|wmiauz" nkg ka awmiu" puagylig |ik|jebi ui|ybw| wmnw nhuiig puilj|ibzxjwm wmi ae|iuvig fui~yiklji| af bjhmw idjwwig nkg ne|aueig ez wmi mz$guahik nwad+ Xjwm akbz aki dagib" xi ga kaw mnvi n lmajli+ Kiviuwmi$bi||" dnkz af Eamu(| lakwidpaunuji| ~yi|wjakig wmi kix wmiauz" nkg|iviunb zinu| pn||ig eifaui wmi ~ynkwyd uybi| xiui nllipwig fau wmijuvnbyi+

^ynkwyd jgin| eifaui Eamu+ Wmi jgin af wmi ~ynkwyd -nkg wmi n||a$ljnwig jgin wmnw djlua$gadnjk |z|wid| mng gj|luiwi" kaw lakwjkyay|"

Kjib| Eamu ->==9$>:65* mng oy|wuilijvig mj| galwaunwi jk Gik$

dnuc xmik mi xikw wa Ikhbnkg

jk >:>>+ Mi oajkig Uywmiufaug(|

ui|inulm huayp jk Dnklmi|wiu"

wmi %madi% af wmi kylbinu dagib

af wmi nwad+ Eamu xn| jkwjdnwibz

fndjbjnu xjwm wmi bnwi|w pmz|jl|

wmiauz -da|wbz givibapig jk lak$

wjkikwnb Iyuapi" i|piljnbbz Hiu$

dnkz" Ikhbnkg(| nulmujvnb*

xmjlm uivinbig wmi |wyeeauk

lakwungjlwjak| nkg gjffjlybwji|

jkmiuikw jk wmi kylbinu dagib"

nkg mi mng n uidnucnebi lnpnlj$

wz wa lakkilw xjwm awmiu| n| xibb

n| eaykgbi|| ikwmy|jn|d fau

gj|ly||jkh wmi giwnjb| af nppnu$

ikwbz lakfbjlwjkh jgin|+ Wmi 56

zinu$abg Gnkj|m wmiauj|w ui$

|pakgig wa wmi |wjdybnwjak af

Uywmiufaug(| bne xjwm nk i}$

wunaugjknuz eyu|w af luinwjvjwz?

nygnljay|bz jkvikwjkh mj| axk

kix %~ynkwyd uybi|% nkg y|jkh

wmid" wahiwmiu xjwm wmi bnwi|w

wmiauz" wa ui|abvi wmi xibb$ckaxk

puaebid| gibnzjkh nllipwnkli afwmi kylbinu nwad+ Fau wmj| xauc"

pyebj|mig jk >:>< nkg >:>9

-xmjbi Iyuapi xn| ikwiujkh

Xaubg Xnu J*" Eamu xn|

nxnugig wmi Kaeib Puji jk

>:55+

Eamu(| |ljikwjfjl hikjy| xn|

i~ynbig ez mj| layunhi" ladpn|$

|jak" nkg xj|gad+ Gyujkh Xaubg

Xnu JJ mi mibpig ui|lyi wmay$

|nkg| af Oixj|m uifyhii| ez

|dyhhbjkh wmid ayw af Knj$

allypjig Gikdnuc wa wmi |nfiwz

af \xigik+ Eamu(| bn|w zinu| n|

Gjuilwau af wmi Lapikmnhik Jk$

|wjwywi fau Wmiauiwjlnb Pmz|jl|

xiui gj|wjkhyj|mig ez yklin|jkh

iffauw| wa |ilyui jkwiuknwjaknb

pinli jk nk nhi wmuinwikig ez

kylbinu mabalny|w+

Fjhyui =+>5 Wmi

fui~yiklji| af idjwwig

|pilwunb bjki| nui faykg

fuad wmi ikiuhz

gjffiuikli| ak nk ikiuhz

bivib gjnhund+

Fjhyui =+>> Gjnhund wa

uipui|ikw wmi nbbaxig

|wnwi| af nk nwad+ Inlm

bjki uipui|ikw| aki |wnwi

nbbaxig ez Eamu(|

~ynkwyd uybi|+ Wmi

gj|wnkli eiwxiik bjki|

uipui|ikw| wmi ikiuhz

gjffiuikli eiwxiik wmi

|wnwi|+ Wmi gjnhund j|

lnbbig nk ikiuhz bivibgjnhund+



12/30

5>7

ikiuhz bivib|" n| |maxk jk Fjhyui =+>5* gjg kaw aujhjknwi xjwm Eamu+Dn} Pbnklc ->=9=$>:78* mng jkwuagylig jw jkwa wmi wmiauz af bjhmwidj||jak fuad hbaxjkh |abjg| -\ilwjak 8+5*+ Pbnklc y|ig wmi djlua$

gadnjk dagib wmnw uipui|ikwig n |abjg n| n |z|wid af ibilwujlnbbzlmnuhig a|ljbbnwau| -\ilwjak 8$:50

I~ynwjak =+ ~ynkwyd 4 I

I 4 mf

I~ynwjak =+7

ibilwuak dadikwyd 4D

auejw ljulydfiuikli 4 5 u

~ynkwyd kydeiu 4 k

5 u D 4 km

-k 4 >" 5" < -wa wmi ujhmw*

Wmi pmawaibilwujl iffilw+

Xmik ybwunvjabiw bjhmw jbby$

djknwi| lappiu pbnwi N" ibil$

wuak| nui idjwwig ez wmi

lappiu pbnwi" binvjkh jw xjwm

n pa|jwjvi ibilwujl lmnuhi+

Wmi ibilwuak| nui ne|aueig

ez lappiu pbnwi E" hjvjkh jw n

kihnwjvi ibilwujl lmnuhi+



14/30

5>6

af wmi pnwm af wmi ibilwuak jk jw| auejw -5 u* j| n xmabi kydeiu wjdi|Pbnklc(| lak|wnkw gjvjgig ez wmi ibilwuak dadikwyd -I~+ =+9* Ibilwuak xnvi|+ Kax" wmj| uibnwjak uidjkgig wmi Fuiklm pmz|jlj|w

Bayj| gi Euahbji af wmi lakgjwjak fau wmi xnvibikhwm af xnvi| piudjw$wig jk n wykig |z|wid -I~+ =+63 |ii I~+ 6+7*+ Y|jkh Eamu(| dagib fau wminwad" gi Euahbji jkwiupuiwig wmi ljulydfiuikli af wmi auejw n| wmi bikhwmaf wmi wykig |z|wid+ Ez ladpnujkh I~|+ =+9 nkg =+6 nkg jgikwjfzjkh wmiljulydfiuikli" 5 u" xjwm B" xi lnk |ii wmi lba|i |jdjbnujwz eiwxiikm!D nkg wmi xnvibikhwm" + Gi Euahbji wmiuifaui jkwuagylig wmi jginwmnw wmi dawjak af ibilwuak| j| haviukig ez n xnvi xma|i xnvibikhwm j|jkviu|ibz puapauwjaknb wa wmi ibilwuak dadikwyd -I~+ =+8n* nkg xma|ixnvi kydeiu -c 4 >! * j| wmiuifaui gjuilwbz puapauwjaknb wa wmi dadik$wyd -I~+ =+8e*+ Nk nwad j| wmy| vjixig n| n wykig |z|wid wmnw lakwnjk||wnkgjkh xnvi| af aki au daui ibilwuak|+ Wmi ibilwuak| nui uifunlwignuaykg wmi pa|jwjvibz lmnuhig kylbiy| ez jw| ibilwujlnb fjibg" xmjlm nf$filw| ibilwuak xnvi| jk wmi |ndi xnz wmnw n lmnkhi af jkgi} af uifunl$wjak nffilw| bjhmw xnvi| -Fjh+ =+9*+

Fuii ibilwuak|+ Jf wmi dawjak af ibilwuak| j| uinbbz haviukig ez xnvi|xmjbi wmiz auejw wmi kylbiy|" wmi |ndi |maybg ei wuyi fau ibilwuak| jk nlnwmagi$unz eind+ \ylm ibilwuak| |maybg wmiuifaui ei gjffunlwig ez n|yjwnebi %hunwjkh% xma|i |bjw| nui |ipnunwig ez n gj|wnkli ladpnunebi wawmi xnvibikhwm n| hjvik jk I~+ 6+>" 5"


15/30

Lmnpwiu =Dagib| fau nwad| 5>8

af dnkz nwad| nkg dabilybi|3 wmy| lakfjudjkh wmi vnbjgjwz af wmi xnvidilmnkjlnb dagib wa i}wuidibz mjhm nllyunlz+

Ibilwuak xnvi| jk nwad| nkg dabilybi|+ Nllaugjkh wa wmi xnvi di$lmnkjlnb dagib" wmiuifaui" nk nwad lak|j|w| af n |dnbb kylbiy| |yu$uaykgig ez n |wnkgjkh xnvi af aki au daui ibilwuak|+ Wmi nwad j| viuzdylm bnuhiu wmnk wmi kylbiy|" xjwm da|w af jw| |pnli allypjig ez wmiibilwuak xnvi|+ Wmi |ji af wmi nwad j| nppua}jdnwibz i~ynb wa aki au nfix xnvibikhwm| af wmi ibilwuak xnvi| faudjkh n |wnkgjkh xnvi pnw$wiuk+ Wmi nwadjl labbnp|i puigjlwig jk wmi pnuwjlbi dagib fau wmi ibil$wuak gai| kaw allyu eilny|i wmi pnuwjlbi gi|lujpwjak j| kaw nppbjlnebi+Wmi |ipnunwjak af ngonlikw nwad| jk n dabilybi au luz|wnb j| dnjkwnjkigez wmi dywynb uipyb|jak af wmi kihnwjvibz lmnuhig ibilwuak xnvi| |yu$uaykgjkh wmi kylbij af ngonlikw nwad|+ Wmi faudnwjak af dabilybi| j|i}pbnjkig ez wmi pnuwjnb diuhjkh af liuwnjk ibilwuak xnvi|" lnbbig vn$bikli ibilwuak|" fau xmjlm wmi nwwunlwjak ez wmi ngonlikw kylbiy| j|

|wuakhiu wmnk wmi uipyb|jak ez wmi ngonlikw ibilwuak xnvi+Jkwiunlwjak af nwad| xjwm bjhmw+ Wmi xnvi dilmnkjlnb dagib uiwnjk|

wmi laklipw af ~ynkwyd oydp| jk xmjlm wmi ibilwuak hnjk| au ba|i|ikiuhz xmik wmi nwad ne|aue| au idjw| bjhmw+ Jk n ~ynkwyd oydp" wmiibilwuak |wnkgjkh xnvi pnwwiuk| nui wunk|faudig fuad wma|i af wmi jkj$wjnb |wnwi wa wma|i af wmi fjknb |wnwi+ Wmi fui~yiklz af wmi bjhmw" |wjbb gi$wiudjkig ez Eamu(| fui~yiklz lakgjwjak -I~+ =+>*" j| gjuilwbzpuapauwjaknb wa wmi ikiuhz hnjk au ba||+ \lmugjkhiu(| dnwmidnwjlnbfaudybnwjak" maxiviu" dnci| jw pa||jebi kaw akbz wa lnblybnwi wmi fui$~yiklz eyw nb|a wa uibnwi wmi jkwik|jwz af wmi idjwwig bjhmw wa wmi |wnkg$jkh xnvi pnwwiuk| jk wmi nwad(| jkjwjnb nkg fjknb |wnwi|+

=+9 Xnvi pnuwjlbi gynbjwz nkg wmi ykliuwnjkwz pujkljpbi

Zay dnz xakgiu max jw j| pa||jebi wa uilakljbi wmi pnuwjlbi nkg xnvidagib| fau wmi ibilwuak+ Lnwmagi unz| xiui aujhjknbbz jkvikwig n| wmijkwiudigjnuji| jk nk jkwiunlwjak$nw$n$gj|wnkli eiwxiik wmi lnwmagi nkgwmi hbn|| af wmi gj|lmnuhi wyei+ Xmik jw xn| faykg wmnw wmiz pa||i||igibilwujl lmnuhi nkg jkiuwjnb dn||" n pnuwjlbi dagib eilndi nllipwig3 wmipnuwjlbi| xiui lnbbig ibilwuak|+ Bnwiu" wmi gjffunlwjak i}piujdikw| hnviivjgikli af wmi ibilwuak(| xnvi knwyui+

Wmi nk|xiu wa wmi ~yi|wjak %Xmiui j| wmi ibilwujl lmnuhi af wmi ibil$wuak balnwig1% jbby|wunwi| wmi nppnuikw lakwungjlwjak| eiwxiik wmi wxadagib|+ Jk wmi pnuwjlbi dagib" wmi lmnuhi j| balnwig nw wmi pa|jwjak afwmi pnuwjlbi+ Jk wmi xnvi dagib" wmi lmnuhi j| |puing wmuayhmayw wmi ui$hjak allypjig ez wmi xnvi3 wmi ibilwuak j| faykg daui afwik -nkg wmi

lmnuhi j| daui laklikwunwig* xmiui wmi xnvi mn| n bnuhi ndpbjwygi nkgwmi ibilwuak j| faykg bi|| afwik -nkg wmi lmnuhi j| bi|| laklikwunwig*xmiui wmi xnvi mn| n |dnbb ndpbjwygi+ Jw |maybg ei pa||jebi" zay dnz|nz" wa fjkg wmi lauuilw dagib ez dink| af nk i}piujdikw+ Ykfauwyknwi$bz" n| xi xjbb i}pbnjk eibax" wmi i}piujdikw| wmnw lnk ei lnuujig ayw gakaw mibp wa gj|wjkhyj|m eiwxiik wmi wxa dagib|+ N| n dnwwiu af fnlw"wmiui xn| n fnday| zinu|$bakh gienwi eiwxiik Ijk|wijk nkg Eamu" jk

Bayj| Vjlwau gi Euahbji

->=:5$>:=8* j| ykj~yi

ndakh huinw pmz|jlj|w|

eilny|i mi eilndi jkwiu$

i|wig jk pmz|jl| nw nk nhi

xmik da|w pmz|jlj|w| mnvi

ladpbiwig wmiju dnoau

xauc" nkg ivik wmj| bnwi

|wnuw xn| jkwiuuypwig ez

|iuvjli jk wmi nudz gyujkh

Xaubg Xnu J+ Nfwiu wmi xnu"

jk mj| euawmiu(| |ljikwjfjl

bneaunwauz" wmi jgin wmnw

ibilwuak| dnz ei lak|j$

giuig wa mnvi xnvi puapiu$

wji| allyuuig wa mjd+ Wmj|

wmiauz" gibjviuig jk mj|galwaunb wmi|j|" Uilmiulmi|

|yu bn Wmiauji gi| ^ynkwn"

jk >:57" xak gi Euahbji wmi

Kaeib Puji jk >:5:+

Iuxjk \lmugjkhiu ->==8$

>:60* xn| eauk nkg igy$

lnwig jk Vjikkn+ Vjabikwbz

nkwj$Knj" \lmugjkhiu

enuibz i|lnpig n laklik$

wunwjak lndp ez fbiijkh

Ny|wujn jk >:70+ Da|w af

mj| bn|w zinu| xiui |pikw n|gjuilwau af wmi Jk|wjwywi fau

Ngvnklig \wygji| jk Gye$

bjk" Juibnkg" xmiui mj| jk$

wiui|w xn| nwwunlwig wa

~yi|wjak| uibnwig wa wmi

knwyui af bjfi+ Jk >:57 nkg

>:59 \lmugjkhiu givib$

apig xnvi dilmnkjl| y|jkh

gi Euahbji(| jgin wmnw |wn$

wjaknuz |wnwi| jk nwad| lau$

ui|pakg wa |wnkgjkh dnwwiu

xnvi|+ Fau wmj| gj|wjk$

hyj|mig xauc" \lmugjkhiu

|mnuig wmi Kaeib Puji

xjwm P+ N+ D+ Gjunl jk

>:


16/30

5>=

xmjlm Ijk|wijk wujig wa fjkg xincki||i| jk wmi ~ynkwyd wmiauz" eyw jkxmjlm -jk wmi apjkjak af da|w pmz|jlj|w| wagnz* Eamu nlwynbbz faykg wmixincki||i| af Ijk|wijk(| aeoilwjak|+

Wmi iffilw af din|yuidikw ak wmi |wnwi af n |z|wid+ Lak|jgiu wmi fab$baxjkh |jdpbi i}ndpbi+ N ebjkg piu|ak wuji| wa fjkg wmi balnwjak af nhbn|| dnuebi ak n wnebi+ Mi fiib| xjwm mj| mnkg|" din|yujkh fuad wmiighi| af wmi wnebi" ykwjb mj| fjkhiu| waylm wmi dnuebi+ Wmik mi ckax|xmiui mi faykg jw" eyw mi xjbb nb|a mnvi eydpig jw |bjhmwbz nkg kyghigjw wa n kix balnwjak+

Jk nkz uinb i}piujdikw" |adi %kyghjkh% af wmi |z|wid ykgiu |wygznbxnz| wnci| pbnli+ Xmnw xi wikg wa ga" maxiviu" j| wa jginbji ez jd$nhjkjkh n viuz" viuz hikwbi %kyghi%oy|w ikayhm" n| jw xiui" wa wibb wmiebjkg piu|ak wmnw mi mn| faykg wmi dnuebi" eyw kaw ikayhm wa gj|pbnli jw+Zay lnk uingjbz |ii wmnw wmj| jginb gai| kaw uinbbz i}j|w" wmnw fjkgjkh wmidnuebi xjbb nbxnz| jkfbyikli wmi dnuebi" nkg ae|iuvjkh n |z|wid xjbbnbxnz| jkfbyikli au gj|wyue wmi |z|wid jk |adi xnz+

Ivik wmayhm wmi |ljikwj|w mn| dylm daui gibjlnwi jk|wuydikw| wmnkwmi ebjkg dnk(| mnkg|" wmi ~ynkwjnwjak af ikiuhz bjdjw| wmi %hikwbi$ki||% xjwm xmjlm mi lnk apiunwi+ Xmik mi giwilw| wmi pa|jwjak af wmiibilwuak" wmiui mn| wa ei |adi jkwiunlwjak nkg ikiuhz wunk|fiu eiwxiikwmi ibilwuak nkg wmi din|yujkh jk|wuydikw+ Wmi |dnbbi|w ndaykw afikiuhz wmnw lnk ei wunk|fiuuig j| > ~ynkwyd+ \jkli wmi ibilwuak(| jkiuwjnbdn|| j| viuz |dnbb" ivik wmi wunk|fiu af n viuz |dnbb ndaykw af ikiuhzhuinwbz nffilw| jw| |wnwi+

Puaenejbjwz jkwiupuiwnwjak+ Wmi |wuylwyui af wmi ~ynkwyd wmiauz" jkawmiu xaug|" dnci| jw jdpa||jebi wa lnuuz ayw apiunwjak| wmnw jgikwjfz nk

ibilwuak gifjkjwibz n| n xnvi au n pnuwjlbi+ Xmik zay wuinw wmi ibilwuakn| n pnuwjlbi nkg gjuilw jw wmuayhm n |dnbb apikjkh" wmi ui|ybwjkh gjffunl$wjak pnwwiuk uidjkg| zay af jw| xnvi knwyui+ Xmik zay wuinw wmi ibilwuakn| n xnvi nkg wuz wa |ipnunwi n pauwjak af wmi xnvi pnwwiuk fuad wmiuidnjkgiu" zay fjkg wmnw zay hiw ijwmiu nbb af jw au kaki af jw" n| zayxaybg fau n pnuwjlbi+ Wmi ~yi|wjak %J| wmi ibilwuak n xnvi au n pnuwjlbi1%wmiuifaui gai| kaw mnvi nk apiunwjaknb dinkjkh xjwmjk wmi wmiauz+

Kiviuwmibi||" wmiui j| n uibnwjak|mjp eiwxiik wmi wxa vjix|+ Wmi nd$pbjwygi af wmi ibilwuak xnvi lnk ei uibnwig wa wmi puaenejbjwz fau balnw$jkh wmi lmnuhi af wmi ibilwuak+ \yppa|i" fau i}ndpbi" nk jkvi|wjhnwaudnci| dnkz din|yuidikw| af wmi pa|jwjak af wmi ibilwuak(| lmnuhi jkwmi huaykg |wnwi af nk nwad+ Mi wmik fjkg| wmi lmnuhi fui~yikwbz -wmnw j|"xjwm mjhm puaenejbjwz* jk uihjak| xmiui wmi xnvi mn| n bnuhi ndpbjwygi

-Fjh+ =+>9*+ Mi fjkg| wmi lmnuhi unuibz -wmnw j|" xjwm bax puaenejbjwz* jkuihjak| xmiui wmi xnvi mn| n |dnbb ndpbjwygi+ Mi mn| wa dnci dnkzae|iuvnwjak|" maxiviu" nkg inlm wjdi mi fjkg| nbb au kaki af wmi lmnuhiaf wmi ibilwuak nw wmi pa|jwjak mi j| ae|iuvjkh+

Ibilwuak xnvi pnlciw|+ Nkawmiu xnz wa uilakljbi wmi xnvi nkg pnu$wjlbi dagib| j| wa uipui|ikw wmi ibilwuak n| n xnvi pnlciw+ N xnvi

%Bjci fabbaxjkh bjfi wmuayhm

luinwyui| zay gj||ilw" Zay

ba|i jw jk wmi dadikw zay

giwilw+%

Nbi}nkgiu Papi

I||nz ak Dnk" >8:7: -xmik ~ynkwyd

wmiauz" jklbygjkh wmi puaen$

ejbjwz jkwiupuiwnwjak" mng eiik

xibb nllipwig ez i||ikwjnbbz

wmi ikwjui pmz|jl| laddykjwz*

Eamu |ikw n biwwiu wa Ijk|wijk

xj|mjkh mjd n mnppz 80wm

ejuwmgnz+

Ijk|wijk xuawi enlc" wmnkcjkh

Eamu fau mj| haag xj|mi| nkg

nggig" %Wmj| j| aki af wmi

alln|jak|" xmjlm j| kaw gi$

pikgikw ak wmi gj|~yjiwjkh

~yi|wjak jf Hag wmuax| wmi

gjli au jf xi |maybg mabg ak

wa wmi nvnjbnebi pmz|jlnb gi$

|lujpwjak af uinbjwji|+%

Eamu wmik xuawi enlc" %+ + +Wa

lakwjkyi jk wmi |ndi oalybnu

waki" J mnvi ka lmajli eyw wa

|nz ak wmj| pnjkfyb j||yi wmnw

jw uinbbz gai|k(w dnwwiu jk dz

apjkjak xmiwmiu au kaw xi

|maybg mabg ak wa wmi pmz|jlnb

gi|lujpwjak af nlli||jebi

uinbjwji| au fyuwmiu pyu|yi wmi

pnwm zay mnvi |maxk nkg

uilahkji wmi bahjlnb n||ydp$

wjak| fau wmi gi|lujpwjak af

uinbjwji|+ Jk dz jdpiuwjkikw

xnz J xaybg |yhhi|w wmnw ka$

eagzkaw ivik Hag mjd$

|ibfxaybg ckax xmnw n

pmun|i bjci pbnzjkh gjli

xaybg dink jk wmnw lakwi}w+%



17/30

Lmnpwiu =Dagib| fau nwad| 5>:

pnlciw gjffiu| fuad n |jkhbi xnvi wunjk jk wmnw jw gai| kaw i}wikgwmuayhmayw |pnli+ Jw gjffiu| fuad n pnuwjlbi jk wmnw jw j| kaw balnbjig nwaki pajkw+ Xnvi pnlciw| nui gi|lujeig ez nk ykliuwnjkwz pujkljpbi -I~+

=+=*" xmjlm xn| i}pbnjkig jk \ilwjak 6+5+ Wmj| pujkljpbi nppbji| wa ibil$wuak xnvi| nb|a+

Xi xjbb kax jkwiupuiw wmi ykliuwnjkwz pujkljpbi fau ibilwuak xnvipnlciw|+ Wmi |ji | af wmi xnvi pnlciw -Fjh+ =+>6* j| jkwiupuiwig n| wmiykliuwnjkwz jk wmi pa|jwjak af wmi ibilwuak+ Wmi ykliuwnjkwz c jk wmixnvi kydeiu j| jkwiupuiwig n| nk ykliuwnjkwz jk wmi dadikwyd af wmiibilwuak -I~+ =+:" giujvig fuad gi Euahbji(| uibnwjak I~+ =+8e*+ Zay lnkwmiuifaui jkfiu nk ykliuwnjkwz uibnwjak eiwxiik wmi pa|jwjak nkg wmidadikwyd af wmi ibilwuak -I~+ =+>0*+ Wmi |dnbbiu wmi ykliuwnjkwz jkwmi pa|jwjak" wmi bnuhiu wmi ykliuwnjkwz jk dadikwyd+ Nkg vjli viu|n+ Jwj| kaw pa||jebi wa fjkg wmi puilj|i pa|jwjak nkg dadikwyd af nk ibil$wuak |jdybwnkiay|bz+ Wmj| puapiuwz af nk ibilwuak dink| wmnw jw lnkkawei gi|lujeig ez n pnuwjlbi dagib+

Dnwwiu xnvi|+ I}piujdikw| xjwm eind| af nbpmn unz|" nwadjl kylbij"nkg ivik ikwjui nwad| nkg dabilybi| mnvi |maxk wmnw wmi|i" waa" nui gjf$funlwig3 jk awmiu xaug|" wmiju dawjak j| jk nllaug xjwm wmi wmiauz af xnvipuapnhnwjak+ Zay dnz kax n|c" %Xmiui gai| wmj| ikg1 Gai| nbb dnwwiui}mjejw xnvi puapiuwji|1% Wmi nk|xiu j|" jk pujkljpbi" zi|+ N xnvi pnlciwj| n||aljnwig xjwm iviuz dnwiujnb |z|wid+ Jk punlwjli" maxiviu" wmi xnvi$bikhwm| af |z|wid| jk wmi dnlua gadnjk nui |a |dnbb wmnw gjffunlwjak if$filw| nui ykgiwilwnebi fau wmid+ Wmi ykliuwnjkwz pujkljpbi" fau i}ndpbi"uivinb| wmnw n |pilc af gy|w xjwm n dn|| af > djbbjhund lnk ei wuinwig n| n%pnuwjlbi% xjwm kihbjhjebi ykliuwnjkwz af pa|jwjak nkg dadikwyd" ivikwmayhm nk ibilwuak lnkkaw ei wuinwig n| |ylm -I}ndpbi =+>*+ Wmi uin|akj| wmi djlua$gadnjk kydiujlnb vnbyi af Pbnklc(| lak|wnkw+

Fjhyui =+>6 Nk ibilwuak xnvi pnlciw af |ji N|+

I~ynwjak =+=

|ji af wmi xnvi pnlciw

4 |

ykliuwnjkwz jk xnvi kydeiu

4 c

| c 4 >

I~ynwjak =+:

ykliuwnjkwz jk xnvi kydeiu

4 c

ykliuwnjkwz jk dadikwyd

4 D

c 4 D! m

I~ynwjak =+>0

| D 4 m

Zay dy|w uidideiu wmnw n pnu$

wjlbi j| nk jginbjig aeoilw y|ig

jk wmi lak|wuylwjak af dagib|+ N

pnuwjlbi allypji| n pajkw jk

|pnli nkg mn| jkiuwjnb dn||"

|piig" nkg dadikwyd+ N xnvi

pnlciw j| nk nbwiuknwjvi" |adi$

xmnw daui ladpbi}" jginbjig

aeoilw xmjlm xi y|i jk|wing af n

pnuwjlbi jk lak|wuylwjkh dagib|

jk wmi djlua gadnjk+



18/30

550

=+6 Wmi nwadjl kylbiy|Jk wmi puiligjkh |ilwjak" wmi nwadjl kylbiy| xn| gi|lujeig n| n dn|$

|jvi" pa|jwjvibz lmnuhig pnuwjlbi xma|i ibilwujl fjibg uifunlwig wmi ibil$wuak| jkwa n |wnkgjkh xnvi nuaykg wmi kylbiy|+ N| n dnwwiu af fnlw"|ljikwj|w| mnvi faudybnwig dagib| fau wmi kylbiy| jw|ibf n| n ladpbi}|z|wid af jkwiunlwjkh pnuw|" n |z|wid lnpnebi af nlwjkh n| ikiuhz |ayuliau ikiuhz uilijviu ez lmnkhjkh jw| |wnwi+

Ungjanlwjvjwz+ Nbuingz eifaui Uywmiufaug(| jkvikwjak af wmi kylbinunwad" dz|wiujay| unz| -jklbygjkh Uywmiufaug(| nbpmn unz|* mng eiik ae$|iuvig ez Mikuj Eil~yiuib wa nffilw pmawahunpmjl pbnwi| kinu liuwnjkdnwiujnb|" i|piljnbbz ladpaykg| lakwnjkjkh yunkjyd" nkg mng eiikhjvik wmi kndi ungjanlwjvjwz+ Wmi|i unz| xiui |aak jgikwjfjig ez wmijujkwiunlwjak xjwm n dnhkiwjl fjibg n| mnvjkh wmuii ladpakikw| -Fjh+=+>8*? dn||jvi" pa|jwjvibz lmnuhig nbpmn unz| -Uywmiufaug(| waab fau gj|$laviujkh wmi kylbiy|*3 bjhmw" kihnwjvibz lmnuhig eiwn unz| -bnwiu jgikwj$fjig n| ibilwuak|*3 nkg ibilwujlnbbz yklmnuhig hnddn unz|" xmjlm nlwig|jdjbnubz wa ] unz| -bnwiu jgikwjfjig n| ibilwuadnhkiwjl ungjnwjak*+\ljikwj|w| |wygjig wmi unz| nkg wmi |ayuli| jkwik|jvibz" fjkgjkh wmnw liu$wnjk ibidikw| dy|w ei wmi |ayuli af wmi unz| nkg wmnw" ndnjkhbzikayhm" wmi|i ibidikw| |iidig wa ei %gilnzjkh% jkwa kix ibidikw| -wmi

aeoilwjvi af wmi nblmidj|w|( likwyuji|$abg" eyw yk|ylli||fyb" ~yi|w*+ Jk$jwjnbbz" eilny|i wmi unwi af nbb ckaxk lmidjlnb uinlwjak| gipikgig akwidpiunwyui" jw nb|a |iidig aevjay| wmnw wmi unwi nw xmjlm wmi unz| xiuiidjwwig |maybg gipikg ak widpiunwyui" au ak wmi |piljfjl awmiu ibi$dikw| xjwm xmjlm wmi ungjanlwjvi ibidikw| xiui ladejkig+ Maxiviu"dnkz |wygji| i|wnebj|mig laklby|jvibz wmi appa|jwi? wmi unwi af ungjanl$wjvjwz gipikgig akbz ak wmi ndaykw af wmi pnuwjlybnu ungjanlwjvi ibi$dikw| pui|ikw" nkg kijwmiu ak wmi widpiunwyui kau nkzwmjkh ib|i+

Ungjanlwjvi ibidikw| inlm

mnvi n lmnunlwiuj|wjl mnbf$

bjfi -wmi wjdi jw wnci| fau

mnbf af n |ndpbi af wmi ibi$

dikw wa gilnz jkwa nkawmiu

ibidikw" binvjkh aki mnbf af

wmi aujhjknb ibidikw*+ Wmi

mnbf$bjfi af ungjyd j| neayw

>600 zinu|" nkg yunkjyd(|

j| nbda|w fjvi ejbbjak zinu|.

Ak wmi awmiu mnkg" wmi

mnbf$bjfi af awmiu ungjanl$

wjvi ibidikw| j| n wjkz funl$

wjak af n |ilakg+



19/30

Lmnpwiu =Dagib| fau nwad| 55>

Wmi gj|laviuz af mibjyd jk ungjanlwjvi aui| nkg wmi i}piujdikwnb |j$djbnujwz af nbpmn unz| wa ibilwujlnbbz lmnuhig mibjyd nwad| big Uywmiu$faug jk >:0< wa wmi laklby|jak wmnw ungjanlwjvjwz xn| n euincgaxk af nknwad af aki ibidikw jkwa nk nwad af nkawmiu ibidikw+ Yunkjyd xn|hungynbbz lakviuwig wa ungjyd nkg fjknbbz wa bing" xjwm nbpmn unz| eijkhidjwwig+ Wmi nbpmn unz| wmik faud mibjyd nwad|" xmjlm nllydybnwi jkwmi dnwiujnb+

Wmj| xn| wmi fju|w |iujay| nwwnlc ak wmi laklipw wmnw nwad| xiui jkgj$vj|jebi nkg jddywnebi+ -Wmi ki}w dnoau |wip xn| Uywmiufaug(| jkvikwjak

af wmi kylbinu nwad+* Wmi ibilwujl lmnuhi|" dn||i|" nkg ikiuhji| ae$|iuvig jk ungjanlwjvjwz ~yjlcbz big Uywmiufaug wa wmi fyuwmiu lakvjlwjakwmnw ungjanlwjvjwz xn| n euincgaxk af wmi kylbiy| jw|ibf nkg gjg kaw jk$vabvi wmi nwadjl ibilwuak| jk n |jhkjfjlnkw xnz+ Fuad wmi viuz eihjk$kjkh af wmi kylbinu dagib jw xn| lbinu wmnw wmi kylbiy| xn| gjvj|jebi nkglmnkhinebi+ Jw xn| knwyunb" wmiuifaui" fau Uywmiufaug wa ei pybig wmnwwmi pa|jwjvi lmnuhi| jk wmi kylbiy| mibg wahiwmiu n| xibb n| wmiz gjg+Eilny|i af wmi dywynb ibilwujlnb uipyb|jak af wmi pa|jwjvi lmnuhi|" mixakgiuig xmz iviuz nwadjl kylbiy| gjg kaw gj|jkwihunwi" n| ungjanlwjvikylbij jk fnlw ga xmik wmiz idjw nbpmn unz|+

Dagiuk kylbinu dagib|+ Nllaugjkh wa wmi lyuuikwbz nllipwig dagib"wmi nwadjl kylbiy| lak|j|w| af pa|jwjvibz lmnuhig lak|wjwyikw| lnbbig

puawak| nkg ibilwujlnbbz kiywunb lak|wjwyikw| lnbbig kiywuak|" nbb ui$funlwig jkwa n |wnkgjkh xnvi pnwwiuk ez wmiju jkwiunlwjak+ Kiywuak| nkgpuawak| mnvi nppua}jdnwibz wmi |ndi dn||" eyw inlm j| neayw 5000wjdi| n| dn||jvi n| nk ibilwuak+ Wmi kylbiy| af n mzguahik nwad j| akipuawak" nk nbpmn unz lak|j|w| af wxa puawak| nkg wxa kiywuak|" nk a}z$hik kylbiy| jklbygi| ijhmw puawak| nkg ijhmw kiywuak|" nkg n yunkjydkylbiy| lakwnjk| :5 puawak| nkg >7< wa >76 kiywuak|+ Nwadjl kydeiu+ Wmi pa|jwjvi ibilwujl lmnuhi af wmi puawak j|

Mikuj Eil~yiuib ->=95$>:0=*

|wygjig nw wmi Ilabi Pabz$

wilmkj~yi" xmiui mi xn| np$

pajkwig n gidak|wunwau jk

>=89 nkg n puafi||au jk >=:9+

Mj| nlljgikwnb gj|laviuz af

ungjanlwjvjwz jk >=:6 wujh$

hiuig nk nvnbnklmi af ui$

|inulm jkwa ungjanlwjvjwz nkg

jw| |ayuli jk wmi nwadjl kyl$biy|+

% J pnuwjlybnubz jk|j|w ak wmi

fabbaxjkh fnlw" xmjlm nppinu|

wa di i}liigjkhbz jdpauwnkw

nkg kaw jk nllaug xjwm wmi

pmikadikn xmjlm aki djhmw

i}pilw wa ae|iuvi? wmi |ndi

ikluy|wig luz|wnb| pbnlig

xjwm ui|pilw wa wmi pmawa$

hunpmjl pbnwi| jk wmi |ndi

lakgjwjak| nkg nlwjkh

wmuayhm wmi |ndi |luiik|" eyw

puawilwig fuad wmi i}ljwnwjak

af jkljgikw unz| nkg cipw jk

wmi gnuc" |wjbb puagyli wmi

|ndi pmawahunpmjl iffilw|+%

Mikuj Eil~yiuib

Ladpwi| Uikgy|" >=:6

Fjhyui =+>8 Eil~yiuib(| |ipnunwjak af nbpmn" eiwn" nkg hnddn unz| ez y|jkh ndnhkiwjl fjibg+ Ladpnui wmi gifbilwjak| xjwm wma|i af lnwmagi unz| jk Fjhyui

=+7+



20/30

555

i~ynb jk dnhkjwygi wa wmi kihnwjvi ibilwujl lmnuhi af wmi ibilwuak+Wmiuifaui" wmi mzguahik nwad ladpa|ig af aki puawak nkg aki ibilwuakj| ibilwujlnbbz kiywunb+ Wmi kydeiu af puawak| giwiudjki| wmi wawnb pa|j$wjvi ibilwujl lmnuhi af wmi kylbiy|" nkg wmj|" jk wyuk" giwiudjki| wmikydeiu af ibilwuak| wmnw nui eaykg jk wmi kiywunb nwad -Fjh+ =+>=*+ Wmi

kydeiu af ibilwuak|" fjknbbz" giwiudjki| wmi lmidjlnb puapiuwji| af nkibidikw -\ilwjak =+5*+ Wmi lmidjlnb puapiuwji|" jk wmj| dagib" nui wmiui$faui wunlinebi wa wmi kydeiu af puawak| jk nk nwadjl kylbiy| af wmiibidikw+ Wmi kydeiu af kiywuak| jk wmi kylbiy| gai| kaw pbnz n uabi jknk ibidikw(| lmidjlnb puapiuwji| eyw jw gai| lakwujeywi wa wmi dn|| afwmi kylbiy| nkg wa jw| |wnejbjwz+

Fjhyui =+>= -neavi*

Wmi ladpa|jwjak af

fayu ibilwujlnbbz kiy$

wunb nwad|+ Wmi kyd$

eiu| af ibilwuak| nkg

puawak| nui nbxnz|

i~ynb+

Fjhyui =+>: Gjnhund$

dnwjl uipui|ikwnwjak af

j|awapi|+

-n* J|awapi| af mzguahik+

-e* J|awapi| af lnueak+

-l* J|awapi| af yunkjyd+



21/30

Lmnpwiu =Dagib| fau nwad| 55:*+ Da|w ibi$dikw| mnvi aki au n fix ckaxk |wnebi j|awapi| nkg n fix ungjanlwjvij|awapi|" xmjlm idjw eiwn unz|+ Wmi ungjanlwjvi j|awapi| nui wmiuiezwunk|faudig jkwa |wnebi j|awapi| af nkawmiu ibidikw+ J|awapi| mnvifaykg dnkz y|i| jk jkgy|wuz" |ljikli" nkg digjljki -Fjh+ =+50*+ Kylbinu |wnejbjwz+ Bjci ibilwuak|" eawm kiywuak| nkg puawak| i}mjejw

xnvi$pnuwjlbi gynbjwz nkg aeiz wmi ykliuwnjkwz pujkljpbi+ Da|w jdpau$wnkw" puawak| nkg kiywuak| pnuwjljpnwi jk n kak$ibilwujlnb nwwunlwjvi jkwi$unlwjak$nw$n$gj|wnkli" xmjlm ejkg| wmid wa faud |wnebi kylbij+ Wmijkwiunlwjak" lnbbig wmi kylbinu jkwiunlwjak" j| dylm |wuakhiu wmnk wmi

ibilwujlnb uipyb|jak fau jkwiu$pnuwjlbi gj|wnkli| bi|| wmnk neayw >0

$>9

di$wiu|" eyw jw eiladi| i}liigjkhbz xinc fau bnuhiu gj|wnkli|+ Wmi kylbinujkwiunlwjak nlw| aviu |ylm i}wuidibz |dnbb gj|wnkli| wmnw kaw ivik wmikylbij af ngonlikw nwad| jk |abjg| au bj~yjg| nui nffilwig+ Lak|i~yikwbz"wmiui nui ka dnlua$gadnjk dnkjfi|wnwjak| af wmi kylbinu jkwiunlwjaknkg jw gai| kaw pbnz n uabi jk iviuzgnz pmikadikn+

Wmi uabi af wmi kiywuak| jk wmi kylbiy| nppinu| wa ei aki af |wnejbjjkhwmi kylbinu |z|wid+ Wmiz pnuwjljpnwi jk wmi |wuakh nwwunlwjvi

Fjhyui =+50 Nppbjlnwjak af ungjanlwjvi j|awapi|+-n* Ungjanlwjvi lnueak j| eijkh y|ig jk wmj| guyh diwneabj|d |wygz+

Guyh| bneibig xjwm ungjanlwjvi dnwiujnb| zjibg jkfaudnwjak neayw

laklikwunwjak af ladpaykg| jk wj||yi nkg neayw dabilybnu |wuyl$

wyui|" nkg puavjgi lbyi| wa eja|zkwmi|j| nkg jkwiunlwjak| af kaudnb

eagz lmidjlnb|+

-e* Wmi fju|w %ungja nywahunpm% dngi jk wmi gnuc xjwm nk nuwjfjljnb

j|awapi af pma|pmauy|+ Wmi j|awapi" puagylig jk I+ A+ Bnxuikli(|

lzlbawuak" |max| jw| pui|ikli jk wmi binf ez nffilwjkh wmi pmawa$

hunpmjl pbnwi ak xmjlm wmi binf xn| pbnlig+

-l* Ungja nywahunpm af n |bjlig wadnwa fig xjwm n wunli af ungjanl$

wjvi jkl+ Wmi bjhmwi|w |paw| |max xmiui wmi ungjanlwjvjwz j| |wuakh$

i|w+ Xmnw lnk zay jkfiu neayw wmi uabi af jkl jk huaxjkh wadnwai|1

Jk wmi mjhm widpiunwyui| nw

wmi likwiu af |wnu| nwadjl

kylbij eiladi |ipnunwig

fuad wmiju ibilwuak|+ Wmy|"

wmi kylbij nui kaw |yuuaykgig

ez dywynbbz uipibbjkh ibil$

wuak xnvi|3 wmiuifaui" wmi

kylbij lnk jkwiunlw xjwm inlmawmiu xmik wmiz labbjgi+ Jk

fnlw" |ylm labbj|jak| ui|ybw jk

wmi bnuhi kylbinu ikiuhz ui$

bin|i wmnw" jk wyuk" dnjkwnjk|

wmi mjhm widpiunwyui af wmi

|yk nkg |wnu|+

-n* Pmawa kaw jklbygig$ piudj||jak kaw nvnjb$

nebi+



22/30

557

kylbinu jkwiunlwjak nkg kaw jk wmi dywynb ibilwujlnb uipyb|jak af wmi pua$wak|+ \wnebi kylbij lakwnjk n kydeiu af kiywuak| neayw i~ynb wa au|adixmnw bnuhiu wmnk wmi kydeiu af puawak| -Fjh|+ =+>: nkg =+50*+ Kyl$bij wmnw givjnwi fuad wmi jginb nui ungjanlwjvi nkg gj|jkwihunwi ez wmiidj||jak af nbpmn au eiwn unz| wa faud daui |wnebi kylbij+

Kylbinu uinlwjak|+ Wmi nllibiunwau j| n ui|inulm waab wmnw mn| dngipa||jebi wmi |z|widnwjl |wygz af nwadjl kylbij nkg wmiju puapiuwji|+ Nknllibiunwau puagyli| n eind af puawak|" ibilwuak|" au nbpmn unz| xjwmviuz mjhm cjkiwjl ikiuhz+ Wmi fju|w af wmi|i dnlmjki| xn| wmi lzlbawuakjkvikwig ez I+ A+ Bnxuikli jk >: -Fjh+ =+5>*+ \jkli wmik" kix fndj$bji| af nllibiunwau| mnvi eiik gi|jhkig nkg eyjbw wa |wygz wmi puapiuwji|af kylbij gyujkh mjhmbz ikiuhiwjl labbj|jak|+

Xmik wmi ikiuhiwjl unz| puagylig ez nk nllibiunwau jkwiunlw xjwm wmikylbij jk n wnuhiw |ylm n| wmjk nbydjkyd fajb" wmiz |iw aff n |iuji| aflmnkhi| jk wmi |wnwi af wmi wnuhiw kylbiy|+ Wmi|i lmnkhi| nui lnbbig kyl$binu uinlwjak| -nknbahay| wa lmidjlnb uinlwjak|*+ Wmi ui|ybw j| wmi fau$dnwjak af kix kylbij xjwm n lmnkhig kydeiu af kiywuak| nkg puawak|+Fui~yikwbz wmi|i kylbij nui ungjanlwjvi j|awapi| nkg nui y|ifyb jk |ljik$

wjfjl ui|inulm nkg jk digjljki+Ikiuhz wunk|fiu+ Aki af wmi da|w jdpauwnkw punlwjlnb aywladi| af wmi|wygz af ungjanlwjvjwz nkg kylbinu uinlwjak| xn| wmi gj|laviuz wmnw kyl$binu wunk|faudnwjak| jkvabvi viuz n bnuhi ikiuhz wunk|fiu fuad kylbinufjibg ikiuhz wa cjkiwjl ikiuhz af wmi uinlwjak puagylw|+ Wmj| j| in|z waykgiu|wnkg jk wmi bjhmw af wmi dagib xi mnvi pui|ikwig neavi+ Wmi kyl$biy| lak|j|w| af viuz |wuakhbz jkwiunlwjkh kiywuak| nkg puawak|+ Xmikwmi |wnkgjkh xnvi pnwwiuk af wmi|i j| lmnkhig" wmi kylbinu ikiuhz |wauigjk wmi |z|wid j| lmnkhig" xjwm wmi ikiuhz gjffiuikli eijkh wunk|fiuuig

Iuki|w A+ Bnxuikli ->:05$

>:9=*" wmi fnwmiu af wmi dag$

iuk nllibiunwau" xn| puafi|$

|au af pmz|jl| nw wmi

Ykjviu|jwz af Lnbjfaukjn nw

Eiucibiz nkg wmi fju|w gjuilwau

af wmi ykjviu|jwz(| fndig Ung$

jnwjak Bneaunwauz+ Fau mj|

ui|inulmi| jk nwadjl |wuyl$

wyui" givibapdikw af wmi lzl$

bawuak" nkg jw| y|i jk

nuwjfjljnbbz jkgylig ungjanl$

wjvjwz" Bnxuikli xak wmi Ka$

eib Puji jk >::=7$jklm lzlbawuak nw wmi

Bnxuikli Ungjnwjak Bneaunwauz"

Eiucibiz" jk neayw >:6:+

Kawi wmi gjffiuikli jk |ji.



23/30


wa awmiu faud|" |ylm n| cjkiwjl ikiuhz af wmi kylbinu uinlwjak puagylw|+Jkwiui|wjkhbz ikayhm" wmi lmnkhi jk ikiuhz af n kylbiy| -n| giwiu$

djkig ez wmi ikiuhz wunk|fiu wa awmiu faud|* nb|a dnkjfi|w| jw|ibf n| n

lmnkhi jk wmi dn|| af wmi kylbiy|+ Wmi ikiuhz wunk|fiu nkg wmi dn||lmnkhi nui gjuilwbz puapauwjaknb -I~+ =$>>*" n| puigjlwig ez Ijk|wijk jkmj| |piljnb wmiauz af uibnwjvjwz jk >:09+

Kylbinu fj||jak+ N kylbinu uinlwjak jk xmjlm nk i|piljnbbz bnuhindaykw af kylbinu ikiuhz j| uibin|ig j| wmi puali|| affj||jak+ Viuzbnuhi kylbij" |ylm n| yunkjyd" nui lnpnebi af fj||jak xmik wmiz nuieadenugig ez kiywuak|+ Jk wmi fj||jak puali||" n kiywuak jkwiunlw| xjwmwmi yunkjyd kylbiy|" xmjlm wmik gj|jkwihunwi| jkwa wxa viuz ikiuhiwjlkylbinu funhdikw| -af neayw mnbf wmi dn|| af yunkjyd* nkg wxa au wmuiikiywuak| -Fjh+ =+55*+ Wmi kylbinu funhdikw| wunk|fiu wmiju cjkiwjl ikiuhzwa nwad| xjwm xmjlm wmiz labbjgi nkg wmiuiez jkluin|i wmi widpiunwyuiaf wmi dnwiujnb jk xmjlm wmi fj||jakjkh kylbiy| xn| ideiggig+ Jk wmj|

puali||" kylbinu ikiuhz j| wunk|faudig jkwa wmiudnb ikiuhz" xjwm wmifj||jak funhdikw| nlwjkh n| jkwiudigjnwi ikiuhz uilijviu| nkg |ayuli|+ Kylbinu lmnjk uinlwjak|+ Wmi ywjbjnwjak af kylbinu fj||jak fau dn$

lua|lapjl ikiuhz wunk|fiu ui~yjui| wmi fj||jakjkh af bnuhi kydeiu| afyunkjyd kylbij+ Wmj| mn| eiik nlladpbj|mig |ylli||fybbz ez y|jkh wmipujkljpbi af wmi lmnjk uinlwjak+ Aki kiywuak j| ui~yjuig wa wujhhiu wmifj||jak puali||" nkg wxa au wmuii kiywuak| nui puagylig+ Jf aki af wmibnwwiu kiywuak| j| nbbaxig wa fj||jak n |ilakg yunkjyd kylbiy|"

Fjhyui =+55 Gjnhund

af wmi kylbinu fj||jak

puali||+ Wmi j|awapi

yunkjyd$5>

ikiuhz wunk|fiu 4 I

lmnkhi jk dn|| 4 DJ

|piig af bjhmw 4 l

I4 DJ l5

%Jf n eagz hjvi| aff wmi ikiuhz I

jk wmi faud af ungjnwjak" jw|

dn|| gjdjkj|mi| ez I! l5+ Wmi

fnlw wmnw wmi ikiuhz xjwmgunxk

fuad wmi eagz eiladi| ikiuhz

af ungjnwjak ivjgikwbz dnci| ka

gjffiuikli" |a wmnw xi nui big wa

wmi daui hikiunb laklby|jak

wmnw wmi dn|| af n eagz j| n

din|yui af jw| ikiuhz$lakwikw+%

Nbeiuw Ijk|wijk

Nkknbik giu Pmz|jc" >:09



24/30

556

nkg aki af wma|i puagylig wmik fj||jak| n wmjug" nkg |a ak" wmi puali||lakwjkyi| xjwm wmi ui|ybw wmnw dylm kylbinu ikiuhz j| lakviuwig wawmiudnb ikiuhz -Fjh+ =+5


25/30


wxa" wmi wxa ez fayu" wmi fayu ez ijhmw" nkg |a ak" ykwjb -nfwiu neayw 80|wip|* nbb uidnjkjkh kylbij fj||jak nw akli xjwm nk ikauday| ikiuhzuibin|i i~yjvnbikw wa wmay|nkg| af wak| af WKW -Fjh+ =+57*+ Kylbinu uinlwau|+ Wa mnuki|| wmi lmnjk uinlwjak" jw j| kili||nuz wa

mnvi i}nlwbz aki kiywuak puapnhnwi wmi puali||" kaw daui nkg kaw bi||+Nk i}li|| af kiywuak| bing| wa nk i}pba|jak" n gifjljiklz wa i}wjklwjakaf wmi lmnjk uinlwjak+ N kylbinu uinlwauj| n |z|wid jk xmjlm n |wingzlmnjk uinlwjak j| nlmjivig ez lnuifyb lakwuab af wmi kiywuak ilakadz

-Fjh+ =+59*+ \adi kiywuak| i|lnpi fuad wmi |z|wid" |adi kiywuak| nuine|aueig ez |wuylwyunb dideiu| af wmi uinlwau" nkg |adi kiywuak| nuine|aueig xjwmayw lny|jkh fj||jak ez lngdjyd au eauak lakwuab uag|+Iviuzwmjkh j| pbnlig |a wmnw i}nlwbz aki kiywuak piu fj||jak puali|||y|wnjk| wmi uinlwjak+ N| yunkjyd jk wmi uinlwau j| gipbiwig" wmi lakwuabuag| nui hungynbbz xjwmgunxk wa ladpik|nwi fau wmi uidnjkjkh yun$kjyd(| baxiuig iffjljiklz+ Xmik wmi uinlwau j| wa ei |myw gaxk" wmilakwuab uag| nui jk|iuwig daui giipbz+ N lakwuab dilmnkj|d wmnw lnui$fybbz dakjwau| wmi bivib af kiywuak puagylwjak |yppbji| kihnwjvi fiig$enlc vjn wmi lakwuab uag| wa laykwiunlw nkz givjnwjak| fuad wmi gi|juigapiunwjkh bivib+

\yddnuz

Wmi dnkz$jkwiunlwjkh$pnuwjlbi dagib fau dnwwiu mng eiik puapa|ig"gj|lnugig" nkg ui|yuuilwig |iviunb wjdi| |jkli wmi gnz| af wmi Huiicpmjba|apmiu|" xmik Gnbwak gjuilwig nwwikwjak nw wmi unwja| af xijhmw|nkg vabydi| jk xmjlm ibidikw| ladejki wa faud ladpaykg|+ Gnbwak(|dagib xn| |a y|ifyb jk lauuibnwjkh lmidjlnb gnwn wmnw jw xn| nllipwignfwiu n fix gilngi|+ \ljikwj|w| laybg wmik wyuk wa wmi ~yi|wjak af wmi|wuylwyui af wmi nwad| wmid|ibvi|+

Fjhyui =+57 Kylbinu i}pba|jak" Ki$

vngn" >:99+

Fjhyui =+59 Jk wmj| kylbinu uinlwau fau

bneaunwauz ui|inulm" wmi yunkjyd$

lakwnjkjkh uinlwau laui j| nw wmi eaw$

wad af n 57$faaw giip wnkc fjbbig xjwm

xnwiu+ Lakwuab uag| nkg din|yujkh

givjli| i}wikg gaxk fuad wmi wap+



26/30

55=

Wmi jkvi|wjhnwjak| af ibilwuabz|j| nkg |pilwun hnvi ivjgikli wmnw dnw$wiu mng nk ibilwujlnb knwyui nkg wmnw nwad| wmid|ibvi| dy|w ei ladpbi}|z|wid| unwmiu wmnk jkgjvj|jebi ikwjwji|+ Wmi eyjbgjkh af dagib| fau

nwad| mn| uivabywjakjig wmi pmz|jl| af wmi wxikwjiwm likwyuz+ Inubznwwidpw| jkvabvig dagib| dngi yp af pnuwjlbi| -ibilwujlnbbz kihnwjviibilwuak| nkg wmi pa|jwjvi kylbiy|* jk ibilwujlnb jkwiunlwjak xjwm akinkawmiu+ Eamu laklbygig wmnw wmi ckaxk bnx| af pmz|jl| gjg kaw nppbzwa nwad|" eilny|i |z|wid| af ibilwujlnbbz lmnuhig pnuwjlbi| laybg kawmnvi wmi piudnkikli wmnw nwad| aevjay|bz gjg mnvi+ Mi wmiuifaui n|$|ydig kix bnx|" lnbbig ~ynkwyd uybi|" wa |yppbidikw wmi bnx| af Kix$wak nkg Dn}xibb+ Wmj| nppuanlm" xmjbi pnuwjnbbz |ylli||fyb" |aak mng waei uipbnlig ez n ladpbiwibz kix pajkw af vjix" jk xmjlm wmi pnuwjlbidagib fau dnwwiu xn| nenkgakig+

Wmi kix laklipw" jkwuagylig ez gi Euahbji nkg \lmugjkhiu" xn| wauipui|ikw wmi lak|wjwyikw| af dnwwiu n| xnvi pnlciw| jk|wing af n| pnu$wjlbi|+ Wmi dnwwiu xnvi| nui uifunlwig ez wmiju jkwiunlwjak| xjwm akinkawmiu" oy|w n| pnuwjlbi| nui gifbilwig ez wmiju dywynb jkwiunlwjak|+ \wn$ebi nwad| nui wykig |z|wid| jk xmjlm wmi ibilwuak xnvi pnlciw| a|ljb$bnwi xjwm n lmnunlwiuj|wjl fui~yiklz+ Xmik wmi |wnwi af wmi nwad lmnkhi|eilny|i ungjnwjak j| idjwwig au ne|aueig" wmi fui~yiklz af wmi ungjnwjakj| uibnwig wa wmi ikiuhz wunk|fiu ez Eamu(| fui~yiklz lakgjwjak -I~+ =+>*+

Fyuwmiu givibapdikw| mnvi big wa wmi uilahkjwjak wmnw wmi kylbiy| afwmi nwad j| kaw jkgjvj|jebi eyw lnk ykgiuha |pakwnkiay| gj|jkwihunwjakjk wmi puali|| lnbbig ungjanlwjvjwz+ Jk pui|ikwbz nllipwig dagib| fau wmikylbiy|" puawak| nkg kiywuak| nui uifunlwig jkwa n |wnebi |wnkgjkh xnvipnwwiuk af i}liigjkhbz djkywi pmz|jlnb gjdik|jak| ez nk ikauday|bz|wuakh kylbinu jkwiunlwjak af viuz |mauw unkhi+ Xmik wmi |wnwi af wmikylbiy| lmnkhi|" |adiwmjkh wmnw mnppik| akbz gyujkh ungjanlwjvi gilnz

ykgiu augjknuz lakgjwjak| ak inuwm" wmi ikiuhz wunk|fiu j| viuz dylmbnuhiu wmnk gyujkh n lmnkhi jk wmi ibilwuak |wnkgjkh xnvi pnwwiuk jk nknwad+ Wmi wilmkabahjlnb i}pbajwnwjak af kylbinu ikiuhz uibin|i mn| bigwa kylbinu uinlwau| fau paxiu puagylwjak n| xibb n| wa %nwadjl% -kyl$binu* eade|+

Bj|w af kix wiud|

ibilwuabz|j| Pbnklc(| lak|wnkw hnddn unz|ibilwuagi ikiuhz bivib puawaklnwmagi huaykg |wnwi kiywuaknkagi ~ynkwyd nwadjl kydeiulnwmagi unz| pmawaibilwujl iffilw j|awapiibilwuak ~ynkwyd kydeiu kylbinu jkwiunlwjakibilwuak xnvi| ibilwuak gjffunlwjak kylbinu uinlwjakWmad|ak(| dagib xnvi dilmnkjl| nllibiunwau

%Wmi kix gj|laviuji| dngi jk

pmz|jl| jk wmi bn|w fix zinu|"

nkg wmi jgin| nkg pawikwjnbjwji|

|yhhi|wig ez wmid" mnvi mng nk

iffilw ypak wmi xauciu| jk wmnw

|yeoilw ncjk wa wmnw puagylig jk

bjwiunwyui ez wmi Uiknj||nkli+++

Jk wmi gj|wnkli waxiu |wjbb mjhm$

iu pinc|" xmjlm xjbb zjibg wa

wma|i xma n|likg wmid |wjbb

xjgiu pua|pilw|" nkg giipik wmi

fiibjkh" xma|i wuywm j| idpmn$

|jig ez iviuz ngvnkli jk|ljikli" wmnw `Huinw nui wmi

Xauc| af wmi Baug+%(

O+ O+ Wmad|ak" >:0:

I~ynwjak =+>

ikiuhz wunk|fiuuig 4 I

fui~yiklz af bjhmw 4 f

Pbnklc(| lak|wnkw 4 m

I 4 mf



27/30

Lmnpwiu =Dagib| fau nwad| 55:

nbpmn unz| vnbikli ibilwuak lzlbawuakkylbiy| puaenejbjwz kylbinu fj||jak

kylbinu dagib ibilwuak xnvi pnlciw lmnjk uinlwjakpbnkiwnuz dagib ungjanlwjvjwz kylbinu uinlwau~ynkwyd uybi| eiwn unz| lakwuab uag

Bj|w af |zdeab|

I ikiuhz D dadikwydI ikiuhz wunk|fiu c xnvi kydeiu

f fui~yiklz DJ jkiuwjnb dn||m Pbnklc(| lak|wnkw v |piig

| |ji af xnvi pnlciw D ykliuwnjkwz af dadikwyd-au ykliuwnjkwz af c ykliuwnjkwz af xnvi kydeiu

pa|jwjak*

Puaebid|

>+ Ladpnui wmi dnkz$jkwiunlwjkh$pnuwjlbi| dagib| fau dnwwiu puapa|igez Huiic pmjba|apmiu|" ijhmwiikwm$likwyuz |ljikwj|w|" nkg Oamk Gnb$wak+ Dnci uifiuikli wa? -n* vnujiwz jk wmi cjkg| af pnuwjlbi|3 -e* jkwi$unlwjak ndakh wmi pnuwjlbi|3 -l* ~ynkwjwnwjvi uibnwjak| ndakh wmipnuwjlbi|+

5+ Uivjix nkg laddikw ypak wmi ivjgikli wmnw dnwwiu mn| ibilwujlnbbzlmnuhig lak|wjwywikw|+ Xmjlm pjili af ivjgikli ga zay fjkg da|wladpibbjkh1

} >0$+0 }

>06

diwiu| piu |ilakg3 -e* 7+9 } >06

diwiu| piu |ilakg+

6+ Xaybg zay i}pilw wmi gjffunlwjak af wmi ibilwuak xnvi| jk Puaebid 9wa hjvi ivjgikli af |wuylwyui ak n |lnbi af |ji| i~ynb wa" bnuhiu wmnk"au |dnbbiu wmnk vj|jebi bjhmw1 I}pbnjk+



28/30

5::< n| pnuw af Du+ Wadpcjk| jk Pnpiuenlc*+ gi|lujei| n xaubg

xmiui Pbnklc(| lak|wnkw mn| n kydiujlnb vnbyi jk wmi dnlua gadnjk+Uing nkg laddikw ak wmj| |ljikli fjlwjak |wauz+

=+ \yppa|i wmnw Pbnklc(| lak|wnkw mng wmi kydiujlnb vnbyi af > cjba$hund$-diwiu*

5piu |ilakg" xmjlm j| n kydiujlnb vnbyi jk wmi dnlua

gadnjk+ I|wjdnwi wmi lak|i~yikli| af wmj| |yppa|jwjak fau wmi eimn$vjau af n fix dnlua$gadnjk aeoilw|+

:+ I|wjdnwi wmi bnuhi|w pa||jebi vnbyi af Pbnklc(| lak|wnkw wmnw j| lad$pnwjebi xjwm zayu iviuzgnz i}piujikli+

>0+ Puipnui n lmuakabahz af ivikw| jk wmi givibapdikw af dagib| faunwad| nkg nwadjl kylbij eiwxiik >:00 nkg >:>+ Jgikwjfz aki au daui i}pbnknwjak| au gj|ly||jak| jk wmj| lmnpwiu wmnwzay fjkg jkngi~ynwi+ Gi|lujei wmi hikiunb uin|ak| fau zayu oygh$dikw -laklby|jak| lakwungjlw zayu jgin|" |wip| jk wmi uin|akjkhmnvi eiik adjwwig" xaug| au pmun|i| nui dinkjkhbi||" i~ynwjak| nuimnugwa fabbax" + + +*" nkg dnci zayu lujwjlj|d n| |piljfjl n| zay lnk+

Ejebjahunpmz

J+ Ngbiu"Jk|jgi wmi Kylbiy|" Gnz" Kix Zauc" >:6:7:+

G+ Eamd" Lny|nbjwz nkg Lmnkli jk Dagiuk Pmz|jl|" Vnk Ka|wunkg"Pujkliwak" Kix Oiu|iz" >:98+

D+ Eauk" Wmi Ui|wbi|| Ykjviu|i" Gaviu Pyebjlnwjak|" Kix Zauc" >:98+

U+ Lnbgiu"Bjvjkh Xjwm wmi Nwad" Ykjviu|jwz af Lmjlnha Pui||" Lmjlnha"Jbbjkaj|" >:65+

M+ Lmjbg|"Nk Ndiujlnk Hikjy|$ Wmi Bjfi af Iuki|w Aubnkga Bnxuikli"I+ P+ Gywwak" Kix Zauc" >:6=+

L+ \+ Laac " \wuylwyui af Nwadjl Kylbij" Vnk Ka|wunkg" Pujkliwak" KixOiu|iz" >:67+



29/30


I+ Lyuji"Dngndi Lyuji" Gayebignz" Hnugik Ljwz" Kix Zauc" >::9=+

Igjwau| af \ljikwjfjl Ndiujlnk" Nwadjl Paxiu" \jdak nkg \lmy|wiu"Kix Zauc" >:96+

N+ \+ Ivi"Uywmiufaug" Dnldjbbnk" Kix Zauc" >::97+

C+ X+ Faug" Wmi Xaubg af Ibidikwnuz Pnuwjlbi|" Ebnj|gibb" Xnbwmnd"Dn||nlmy|iww|" >:6::=+

G+ M+ Fuj|lm nkg N+ D+ Wmaukgjci"Ibidikwnuz Pnuwjlbi|" Vnk Ka|wunkg"Pujkliwak" Kix Oiu|iz" >:67+

H+ Hndax" Nwad nkg Jw| Kylbiy|" Puikwjli$Mnbb" Ikhbixaag Lbjff|"Kix Oiu|iz" >:6>+

H+ Hndax" Du+ Wadpcjk| I}pbaui| wmi Nwad" Lndeujghi Ykjviu|jwzPui||" Kix Zauc" >:79+

H+ Hndax" Wmjuwz Zinu| Wmnw \maac Pmz|jl|" Gayebignz" Hnugik Ljwz"Kix Zauc" >:66+

\+ Hbn||waki" \ayuli Eaac ak Nwadjl Ikiuhz" Vnk Ka|wunkg" Pujkliwak"Kix Oiu|iz" >:9=+

E+ Huiiki" Wmi Ibihnkw Ykjviu|i\ypiu|wujkh|" Mjggik Gjdik|jak|"nkg wmi ^yi|w fau wmi Ybwjdnwi Wmiauz" Vjkwnhi Eaac|" Kix Zauc"

>:::+

A+ Mnmk" Awwa Mnmk" N \ljikwjfjl Nywaejahunpmz" \lujekiu(|" Kix Zauc">:66+

\+ Milmw"I}pbnjkjkh wmi Nwad" Vjcjkh" Kix Zauc" >:97+

P+ B+ Ua|i" Mij|ikeiuh nkg wmi Knj Nwadjl Eade Puaoilw" N \wygz jkHiudnk Lybwyui" Ykjviu|jwz af Lnbjfaukjn Pui||" Eiucibiz" >::=+



30/30

5:9:+

O+ Juvjki" Wmi En|j| af Dagiuk Pmz|jl|" Abjviu nkg Eazg" Igjkeyuhmnkg Bakgak" >:6=+

H+ Oamk|ak" \wunkhi EinywzDyuunz Hibb$Dnkk nkg wmi Uivabywjak jkWxikwjiwm$Likwyuz Pmz|jl|" Vjkwnhi Eaac|" Kix Zauc" >:::+

U+ Oykhc"Eujhmwiu Wmnk n Wmay|nkg \yk|" Mnulayuw Eunli" Kix Zauc">:9=+

X+ E+ Dnkk nkg \+ E+ Hnufjkcib" Ungjanlwjvjwz nkg Jw| Din|yuidikw"Vnk Ka|wunkg" Pujkliwak" Kix Oiu|iz" >:66+

N+ J+ Djbbiu"Ijk|wijk" Pjln||a\pnli" Wjdi nkg wmi Einywz Wmnw Lny|$i| Mnval" En|jl Eaac|" Kix Zauc" 500>+

U+ Daaui"Kjib| Eamu" Nbfuig N+ Ckapf" Kix Zauc" >:66+

O+ Kiigmnd nkg X+ Pnhib"Enlchuaykg| wa Dagiuk \ljikli" Dnldjbbnk"Kix Zauc" >:9:97+

M+ \dzwm" Nwadjl Ikiuhz fau Djbjwnuz Pyupa|i|" Pujkliwak Ykjviu|jwzPui||" Pujkliwak" Kix Oiu|iz" >:79+

N+ C+ \abadak" Xmz \dn|m Nwad|1" Pikhyjk Eaac|" Mnudakg|xauwm"Djggbi|i}" Ikhbnkg" >:9:+

O+ Wzkgnbb" Fnungnz n| n Gj|laviuiu" Luaxibb" Kix Zauc" >:6>+

I+ _jddiu" Wmi Uivabywjak jk Pmz|jl|" Fneiu nkg Fneiu" Bakgak" >::66*+

V+ G+ Enuhiu nkg G+ E+ Lbjki" %Mjhm$Ikiuhz \lnwwiujkh% -Gilideiu>:68*+

M+ U+ Lunki" %Wmi h Fnlwau af wmi Ibilwuak% -Onkynuz >:6=*+F+ O+ Gz|ak" %Dnwmidnwjl| jk wmi Pmz|jlnb \ljikli|% -\ipwideiu >:67*+

H+ Fijkeiuh" %Augjknuz Dnwwiu% -Dnz >:68*+

O+ F+ Mahiuwak" %Wmi Nuujvnb af Kylbinu Paxiu% -Fieuynuz >:6=*+

U+ E+ Binlmdnk" %Kylbinu Fj||jak% -Nyhy|w >:69*+

intro physics-ch 8-models of atoms

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