Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH

Introduction

Biorefinery Definition

2

Definition

[1] U.S. Department of Energy (DEO), Energy, Environmental and Economics (E3)

Handbook (2000), see also [2]

[2] Kamm, B.; Gruber, P. R.; Kamm, M.; Biorefineries- Industrial Processes and Products,

Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th ed. Wiley VCH, 2007, 2011, (new ed. 2015)

A biorefinery is a complex and integrated

system of processes and plants in which

biomass is converted to a multitude of

products.

A biorefinery is modeled on the concept of a

petrochemical refinery [1, 2].

Biorefineries combine the technologies

between biogenic raw materials and the

industrial intermediate and end products.

Biorefinery

Petroleum

Chemistry

Fuels

and

Energy

Refinery Biorefinery

Fuels

and

Energy

- Bioethanol,

- Biodiesel, Biogas

- Hydrogen

Material Utilisation,

Chemistry

- Basic and Fine

chemicals,

- Biopolymers and Bioplastics

Biomass

3

Principles (1)ACHEMA 2006

Kamm, B.; Kamm, M.; Principles of Biorefineries. Appl. Microbiol, Biotechnol., (AMB), 64 (2004) 137-145

Conversion of

Raw Material

Raw Material

Carbohydrates

Lignin

Fats

Proteins

Special

SubstancesEnergy

Complex

Substances

Primary RefineryAgriculture

Biorefinery

Industry

Product lines

Product lines

Product lines

Product lines

Product lines

Inorganic

Substances.

Special Substances:

Pigments,

Dyes,

Aromatic Essences,

Flavours,

Enzymes,

Hormones,

and other

Biorefineries combine necessary technologies between

biological raw materials and the industrial intermediates and final products.

After providing code-defined basic substances (via fractionation) it is necessary to develop industrially relevant Product Family Trees.

4

Principles (2)

4

ACHEMA 2006

Precursors-contained

Biomass

Sugar-beet

/-cane

Cereals

/ Maize

Wood /

Soft woodSoya/Rape

Alfalfa/

Grass/Clover

Cellulose

Lignin Carbohydrates Fats Proteins

Starch Saccharose

Glucose

Dilactide

Acrylic acid

2,3-Pentanedion

Lactic acid

bacterial

Biomass-

Precursors

Material-

Precursors

Oil

Syngas

Levulinic

acid

Ethene

Acetic acid

Ethanol

enzymatic

Enzymes

Ethyllactate

chemical

Energy

Methanol

Gasoline

Amino-

acids

Feed

Straw

Bagasse

Leaf

Lignin

Polymers

Plant biomass always consist of the basic products:Carbohydrates, lignin, proteins, and fats

Kamm, B.; Kamm, M.; Principles of Biorefineries. Appl. Microbiol, Biotechnol., (AMB), 64 (2004) 137-145

55

ACHEMA 2006

In the first step, the precursor containing biomass is separated mostly by physical methods.

•The M1-Mn- and B1-Bn-products will subsequently be subjected to microbiological and/ or chemical methods.

•In the following, the F1-Fn-products can be further converted or enter the conventional refinery.

The goal principle of a biorefinery is defined in the following:

(Biomass) Feedstock-Mix + Process-Mix Product Mix

Principles (3)

6

Principles (4)

Basic principles of a biorefinery [phase III or type III biorefinery]

Feedstock(s)

biological raw material

various, mixed

Processing-Technologies

various,

combined

Products

Substances and Energy

various,

multi product systems

• Food and Feed Grains,

• Ligno-cellulosic Biomass,

(e.g. late grass, reed, bush, harvest rest)

• Forest Biomass, (e.g. wood, underwood, waste wood-processing)

• Municipal Solid Waste (MSW),(e.g. paper/cardboard, town-cleaning, hospitals)

• Bioprocesses

( bacterial, enzymatic a.o.),

• Chemical Processes,

• Thermo-chemical Processes,

• Thermal Processes,

• Physical Processes,

• Fuels,

• Chemicals,

• Materials ( e.g. Polymers )

• Specialities,

• Commodities, Goods

7

Biorefinery Definition

• ‘Biorefinery is the sustainable processing of biomass into a

spectrum of marketable products and energy‘

• IEA Task 42

• Biorefinery concepts, facilities, plants, processes, cluster(s) of industries

• Sustainable maximising economics, and minimizing environmental aspects,

• Fossil fuels and feedstock replacement

• Biomass crops, such as agriculture residues, forest residues, aquatic biomass

• Spectrum: more than one marketable product

• Marketable products: both intermediates and final products (i.e. fuels, power, heat, food, feed, chemicals, materials)

8

Biorefinery Definition

Work Programme – The Activities of Task 42

Focus are international and national networking activities,

standardisation and certification of biobased products, policy

advice, the role of industrial and SME stakeholders from the

bioenergy and biofuel sectors in the transition to a BioEconomy,

and increased co-operation with other IEA Collaboration

Programmes (i.e. IEA-IETS), IEA Bioenergy Tasks, and international

organisations (FAO, OECD, EC DG JRC, EU ETIP and EERA

Bioenergy, etc.

https://www.iea-bioenergy.task42-biorefineries.com/en/ieabiorefinery.htm

9

Biorefinery Definition

• Product Quality – Reporting on related biobased products/bioenergy standardisation, certification and policy activities at national, European and global levels.

• International developments in biomass standardisation/certification, Role Bioenergy and Biorefining in a Circular Economy, Sustainable supply chains

• Evolving BioEconomy – Analysing and advising on perspectives biorefiningin a Circular BioEconomy

• Monitoring of the Evolving BioEconomy in co-operation with EC DG JRC, Biorefinery Success Stories

• Communication, Dissemination and Training – Knowledge exchange by stakeholder consultation, reporting and lecturing.

Work Programme – The Activities of Task 42

https://www.iea-bioenergy.task42-biorefineries.com/en/ieabiorefinery.htm

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Biorefinery Definition

Thank you for your attention.

We are looking to a good cooperationin the time of student camp.

Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbHAltenberger Straße 69A-4040 LinzHomepage: www.wood-kplus.at

Prof. Dr. Birgit Kamm

Tel.: +43 (0)732 2468-6773Fax: +43 (0)732 2468-6755E-mail: b.kamm@wood-kplus.at

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