ContentsIntroduction.................................................................................................................................................2

Figure 1 Map of Kentucky Showing Paducah...........................................................................................2

City Specific Information.............................................................................................................................2

Figure 2 Map of County showing City......................................................................................................2

Figure 3 Map of City Area Showing Head Start Sites...............................................................................4

Demographic Information...........................................................................................................................4

Population................................................................................................................................................5

Racial and Ethnic Characteristics.............................................................................................................6

Estimates of Head Start Eligible Children.................................................................................................7

Estimation of Disabilities.............................................................................................................................8

Social Service Issues....................................................................................................................................9

Education:................................................................................................................................................9

Employment..........................................................................................................................................10

Poverty..................................................................................................................................................14

Health....................................................................................................................................................14

Housing.................................................................................................................................................18

Environmental Factors...........................................................................................................................19

Transportation.......................................................................................................................................20

Figure 4 PATS Transit Routes.................................................................................................................21

Homelessness........................................................................................................................................21

Program Options.......................................................................................................................................21

Community Resources...............................................................................................................................22

Needs and Conclusion...............................................................................................................................22

Paducah Page 1

IntroductionPaducah Head Start Preschool provides a quality child

development program, including individualized education,

health and family services, in all three of Paducah's

elementary schools for approximately 237 preschoolers.

Head Start funding provides services for 237 children and

families and Kentucky Department of Education provides funding for approximately 37. The

program provides a center based option for four days per week in double sessions. The learning

environment helps children develop socially, intellectually and physically in a manner

appropriate to their age and stage of development. The Paducah preschool has operated since

1965.

City Specific Information Paducah is the county seat of McCracken County, Kentucky, United States. The largest city in

the Jackson Purchase region, it is located

at the confluence of the Tennessee and

the Ohio Rivers, halfway between St.

Louis, Missouri, to the northwest and

Nashville, Tennessee, to the southeast.

The population was 25,024 during the

2010 U.S. Census. Twenty blocks of the

city's downtown have been designated as

an historic district and listed on the

National Register of Historic Places.

Paducah Page 2

Figure 1 Map of Kentucky Showing Paducah

Figure 2 Map of County showing City

Paducah is the hub of its micropolitan area, which includes McCracken, Ballard, and Livingston

counties in Kentucky and Massac County in Illinois. According to Paducah's 2011

Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city were entities in health

care, education and government:

# Employer # of Employees1 Western Baptist Hospital (now Baptist Health Paducah) 1,8642 Lourdes Hospital 1,3903 Paducah Public Schools 4574 USEC 1,2005 Walmart 1,1086 West Kentucky Community and Technical College 5107 City of Paducah 3708 Commonwealth of Kentucky 3709 Paxton Media Group 22510 VMV Paducahbilt 224 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paducah,_Kentucky, accessed November 7, 2013)

Paducah City Schools Head Start provides services to children who attend the three elementary

schools operated by the grantee. These schools are mapped below.

Paducah Page 3

Figure 3 Map of City Area Showing Head Start SitesA Clark Elementary 3401 Buckner Lane Paducah KYB McNabb Elementary 2100 Park Ave Paducah KYC Morgan Elementary 2200 South 28th Street Paducah KY

Demographic Information

Subject Paducah city, Kentucky      Estimate PercentSEX AND AGE     Total population 25,040 25,040 Male 11,393 45.5% Female 13,647 54.5%      Under 5 years 1,786 7.1% 5 to 9 years 1,072 4.3% 10 to 14 years 1,256 5.0% 15 to 19 years 1,319 5.3% 20 to 24 years 1,389 5.5%

Paducah Page 4

25 to 34 years 3,551 14.2% 35 to 44 years 2,498 10.0% 45 to 54 years 3,608 14.4% 55 to 59 years 2,205 8.8% 60 to 64 years 1,394 5.6% 65 to 74 years 2,330 9.3% 75 to 84 years 1,675 6.7% 85 years and over 957 3.8%      Median age (years) 43.3 (X)Source: American Factfinder

The above table indicates that there is a sizable population under the age of five as well as nearly

8800 people in the child producing age groups of 15-44.

Population According to American Factfinder narrative, in 2010-2012 Paducah had a total

population of 25,000 - 14,000 (55 percent) females and 11,000 (46 percent) males. The median

age was 43.3 years. Twenty- percent of the population was under 18 years and 20 percent was 65

years and older. In 2010-2012 there were 11,000 households in Paducah city, Kentucky. The

average household size was 2.1 people. Families made up 54 percent of the households in

Paducah city, Kentucky. This figure includes both married-couple families (35 percent) and other

families (19 percent).

Paducah Page 5

Of other families, 7 percent are female householder families with no husband present and own

children under 18 years. Nonfamily households made up 46 percent of all households in Paducah

city, Kentucky. Most of the nonfamily households were people living alone, but some were

composed of people living in households in which no one was related to the householder. In

Paducah city, Kentucky, 25 percent of all households have one or more people under the age of

18; 32 percent of all households have one or more people 65 years and over.

What this means is that the service area has almost a bell curve dispersal of ages. It is expected

that there will be sufficient numbers of children to meet the numbers required by Head Start. It

also may indicate that there could be numbers worthy of expansion in terms of EHS and

preschool services but this will be analyzed later in the document.

Racial and Ethnic Characteristics For people reporting one race alone, 76 percent were

White; 22 percent were Black or African American; less than 0.5 percent were American Indian

and Alaska Native; 1 percent were Asian; less than 0.5 percent were Native Hawaiian and Other

Pacific Islander, and 1 percent were Some other race. Four percent reported Two or more races.

Two percent of the people in Paducah city, Kentucky were Hispanic. Seventy-two percent of the

people in Paducah city, Kentucky were White non-Hispanic. People of Hispanic origin may be of

any race. Foreign born residents of Paducah city, Kentucky come from different parts of the

world. Ninety-eight percent of the people living in Paducah city, Kentucky in 2010-2012 were

native residents of the United States. Sixty-two percent of these residents were living in the state

in which they were born. Two percent of the people living in Paducah city, Kentucky in 2010-

2012 were foreign born. Of the foreign born population, 38 percent were naturalized U.S.

citizens. (American Factfinder)

Paducah Page 6

Ethnic and Racial Characteristics of Head Start Families

2010-11

Percent of enrollment

2011-12

Percent of enrollment

2012-13

Percent of enrollment

Black 56% 56% 56%

Hispanic 7% 8% 6%

White 28% 27% 27%

Multi/Other 16% 17% 17%

Source: Program Data

What this means is that that if poverty were distributed evenly then the bulk of the children

receiving services would be expected to be white, but since poverty does not strike evenly across

racial groups it is believed that African Americans will be disproportionally represented in the

population served.

Estimates of Head Start Eligible Children Population under 5 years (US Census)

1,786

Poverty Rate(All Families w/Children <5 U.S. Census)

47%

Estimated Population under 5 years in Poverty

840

Number per age group in poverty

168=840/5

Estimated number of 3 and 4 y.o. in poverty in Paducah

336

Numbers served by Head Start and KERA

273

Numbers unserved 63The table above indicates that there are sufficient numbers of Head Start income eligible children

for the program to meet funded enrollment With the KERA program picking up children of

similar economic situations waitlists will be severely limited. What this means is Paducah Head

Paducah Page 7

Start may plan to implement serving low income children in the 101% to 130% of poverty

category.

Other Child Development Programs It is important item to remember is that Paducah City Schools Head Start are operated by the

local school district for center based operations. The other child care programs listed in the

appendix may provide longer hours of service but the grantee has a great advantage in the fact

that the services are provided by and recognized as “going to school”.

Estimation of DisabilitiesAccording to U.S. Census figure the disability rate for the population under 18(an approximation

figure for benchmarking Head Start rates) for City of Paducah is 6.3%.

DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NONINSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION Source: U.S. Census  Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population

23,970 23,970

With a disability 5,288 22.1%      Under 18 years 4,986 4,986 With a disability 312 6.3%      18 to 64 years 14,522 14,522 With a disability 2,927 20.2%      65 years and over 4,462 4,462 With a disability 2,049 45.9%Comparing these rates to the numbers served over the last three years it becomes apparent that

the program is serving more than the general rate.

Disability: Source: Program Data

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Speech/Language 47% 44% 46%

Non-categorical 53% 56% 54%

Paducah Page 8

The table above indicates that the program is meeting the requirement of working to identify

children with disabilities and assisting families in receiving services. The rates presented in the

table above shows that the program is providing the services and since the grantee and the

parent organization are one and the same there is a smooth transition for children receiving

specialized services.

Social Service Issues

Education:   Paducah   SCHOOL ENROLLMENT  Number Percent  Population 3 years and over enrolled in school

4,878

Nursery school, preschool 423 8.7% Kindergarten 158 3.2% Elementary school (grades 1-8) 2,005 41.1% High school (grades 9-12) 1,156 23.7% College or graduate school 1,136 23.3%Source: U.S. Census

According to the U.S. Census in the two year period 2010-2012, 28 percent of people 25 years

and over had a high school diploma or equivalency and 22 percent had a bachelor's degree or

higher. Twelve percent were dropouts; they were not enrolled in school and had not graduated

from high school. The total school enrollment in Paducah city, Kentucky was 4,900 in the two

year period 2010-2012. Nursery school and kindergarten enrollment was 580 and elementary or

high school enrollment was 3,200 children. College or graduate school enrollment was 1,100.

Paducah Page 9

When the educational obtainment of Head Start families is brought into the picture it becomes

apparent that the educational situation is worse for low-income families than the population

overall.

Educational Attainment Head Start

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Less than High School Diploma 15% 16% 13%

High School Diploma 39% 40% 40%

Some College 40% 39% 41%

Bachelor’s Degree 6% 5% 6%

Source: Program Data

EmploymentLooking at the breakdown of employment statistics for the city overall, we see the following

employment data:

Paducah Page 10

In discussing the employment patterns of Head Start families, program staff has indicated that

most of the employed parents work in fast food or other part-time limited benefit jobs.

Employment of Head Start Parents

2 Parents BothEmployed

2 Parents 1Parent Employed

2 Parents0 Parent Employed

1 Parent1 Parent Employed

1 Parent0 Parent Employed

2012-13 33% 50% 17% 53% 47%2011-12 30% 50% 20% 54% 46%2010-11 22% 49% 29% 54% 46%Source: PIRIn the two parent families there is a strong chance that at least one parent will be employed. For

the single parent homes it is almost an even split as to whether or not the parent is employed.

Paducah Page 11

The families receiving cash public assistance are likely served by the Head Start program. What

this means for the program is that GED and further education is important.

A facility that was a major regional employer is the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant. This plant

located west of Paducah is the only U.S.-owned uranium enrichment facility in the United States.

The facility is owned by the U.S. Department of Energy, it is leased and operated by the United

States Enrichment Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of USEC Inc. The plant employed

about 1,200 people. In May of 2013 the plant finally closed after several years of closure rumors.

This closing had a spillover effect within the city of Paducah. This spillover was a recessionary

effect of less money being spent in the area. The graph below indicates that the unemployment

levels in the city of Paducah have been impacted by the announced closures. The Bureau of

Labor Statistics figures indicate that over the last two years the unemployment in Paducah has

been slightly higher than the state average.

Paducah Page 12

On a positive note there is some hope that some of the jobs will be coming back. It was

announced in November that “The U.S. Department of Energy has started negotiations with

General Electric's nuclear division on a proposal to replace Paducah's aging uranium enrichment

plant with a new one. GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy wants to build a laser enrichment facility that

would make use of the depleted uranium kept at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant.”

(http://www.courierpress.com/news/2013/nov/27/ge-hitachi-energy-dept-talks-over-kentucky-

uranium/) The direct impact and net effects on employment has yet to be announced.

Paducah Page 13

Poverty

In 2010-2012, 22 percent of people were in poverty. Thirty-eight percent of related children

under 18 were below the poverty level, compared with 11 percent of people 65 years old and

over. Nineteen percent of all families and 46 percent of families with a female householder and

no husband present had incomes below the poverty level.

Health

The City of Paducah is considered to be a medical hub for the region. The Kentucky Department

of Vital Statistics provides the following indicators which may be used when planning health

topics.

Social & Behavioral Indicators PaducahLack of Physical Activity (percent adults) 29%Prevalence of Obesity (percent adults) 24%Prevalence of Overweight (percent adults) 62%Recommended Fruit and Vegetable Intake (percent adults) 18%Prevalence of Smoking (percent adults) 23%Tooth Loss (percent adults missing 6 or more teeth) 31%Limited Activities in Previous Month (percent adults) 24%Binge Drinking (percent adults) 7%Infectious Disease (per 100,000 population) 18%Less than Good Health (percent adults) 24%

Paducah Page 14

Physically Unhealthy Days (per month) 5Mentally Unhealthy Days (per month) 4Prevalence of Asthma (percent adults) 10%Prevalence of Diabetes (percent adults) 14%Prevalence of Hypertension (percent adults) 36%

The table above indicates the extent of the health situation for the general population. As most of

the benefits are based upon social characteristics it is clear to see that health issues confront this

area of Kentucky. What this means for the program is that staff interacting with the adults need

to be knowledgeable about the health resources available in the area. It also means that Head

Start needs to utilize the health resources available in the schools as much as possible. A third

item is that staff will have to stress how important it is for families to keep health appointments

once the appointments have been made. Given the limited health resources it is incumbent for

parents to realize the importance of keeping appointments.

Health Care PaducahFlu Vaccination in the Past Year (percent adults) 34%Lack of Cholesterol Awareness (percent adults) 1.4%Personal Doctor or Health Care Provider (percent adults) 85%Health Care Providers (per 1,000 population)

Primary Care Physicians

Physician Specialists

Registered Nurses

Pharmacists

Dentists

1.0

2.6

14.7

1.3

0.8Health Care Providers Available

All Physicians

Primary Care Physicians

Physician Specialists

240

68

172

Paducah Page 15

Registered Nurses

Nurse Practitioners

Physician Assistants

Pharmacists

Dentists

955

111

35

86

49

Medical Services are readily available and Paducah is considered to be a medical hub for a multi-

county three state area.

McCracken CountyPrevention Quality Indicators (risk-adjusted rate per 1,000 adults)

Chronic

Acute

Overall

11

7

18Uninsured Population (percent adults under age 65) 18%Forego Care Due to Cost (percent adults) 14%Health Plan Enrollment (member months) McCrackenAetna Health 0Aetna Life Insurance 0Anthem 24,510Bluegrass Family Health 5,244CHA Health 70Connecticut General 0Humana 1,350John Alden 52Mega Life and Health 282Principal 2,500Time Insurance 647Union Security 0United Healthcare Insurance Company 56United Healthcare of Kentucky 341

Among the civilian noninstitutionalized population in Paducah city, Kentucky in 2010-2012, 84

percent had health insurance coverage and 16 percent did not have health insurance coverage.

Paducah Page 16

For those under 18 years of age, 4 percent had no health insurance coverage. The civilian

noninstitutionalized population had both private and public health insurance, with 58 percent

having private coverage and 41 percent having public coverage. The figures above indicate that

there are families with health insurance coverage but these tend to be non-Head Start families.

According to program reported data, the majority of the children are covered by some form of

health insurance. For the adults in the area, there has been a change in terms health care

coverage. Enrollment for health insurance through Kentucky’s Health Exchange (Kynect) has

exceeded 116,000 as of Mid-January. Kentucky Gov. Steve Beshear (D) anticipated this

dynamic. He’s indicated that he knows exactly how much his state needs Obamacare. Back in

September 2013, Beshear published a New York Times op-ed arguing that the health reform law

represents a “historic change” for red states with high rates of uninsurance. “Frankly, we can’t

implement the Affordable Care Act fast enough,” the governor wrote. “Here in Kentucky, we

cannot afford to waste another day or another life.” That’s partly because of the sheer number of

people in the state who stand to benefit from the health reform law. Obamacare’s expansion of

the Medicaid program is projected to cut Kentucky’s uninsurance rate by more than half. And, as

the Washington Post reports, the ongoing political fight over health reform doesn’t matter too

much to those uninsured people — many of whom are gaining coverage for the first time in

years. Kentucky is the only southern state that has implemented both of the major provisions of

the health reform law, choosing to expand its Medicaid program and set up its own state-level

exchange. It also poured $11 million into a public education campaign to educate Kentucky

residents about Obamacare. That’s paid off, and enrollment has surged.

(http://thinkprogress.org/health/2013/11/25/2993651/huge-demand-obamacare-coverage-

kentucky/) The implications for Paducah Head Start is that parents may now also be able to

Paducah Page 17

access healthcare which means that in terms of parent education family services staff may find

more of their time spent in explaining adult access to health care and importance of keeping

appointments just as they have done when focusing upon children’s health care. In addition

Paducah Head Start will track enrollment figures for McCracken County and more specifically

the city of Paducah.

Medicaid Enrollment McCrackenTotal 13,57765 and Over 1,321Adults ages 20-64 4,565Children ages 0-19 7,691Foster Care Children 240Blind and Disabled 2,808BCCA 12

Medicaid and Medicare serve many of the children enrolled in the Head Start program. The

health statistics given above show that while impoverished the area does have medical coverage

for the children if the parents will take advantage of the resources available.

HousingThe median monthly housing costs for mortgaged owners was $1,007, nonmortgaged owners

$307, and renters $555.

Paducah Page 18

Seventeen percent of owners with mortgages, 17 percent of owners without mortgages, and 41

percent of renters in Paducah city, Kentucky spent 30 percent or more of household income on

housing.

This means that nearly four tenths of all renters are burdened when it comes to housing costs.

The conventional wisdom is that if the household pays a third or more of its income in housing

payments it is considered to be burdened. In terms of housing characteristics, many of the low-

Paducah Page 19

income population families report housing issues and these tend to fall into weatherization, repair

and housing affordability issues. What this means for the program is that staff need to be able to

assist families in obtaining housing resources which means being knowledgeable about

resources the agency provides as well as knowledge about home budgeting.

Environmental Factors (http://www.homefacts.com/environmentalhazards/Kentucky/Mccracken-County/Paducah.html)

There are several environmental locations that may impact families and their children in

Paducah. Head Start staff will have to investigate the impact of these environmental factors and

determine if families being served reside in locations impacted by these industries and their

reported environmental concerns.

1. Trinity Marine Products Inc 700 Terrace Ln, Paducah, KY 2. Nre Acquisition Co Llc Dba Vmv Paducahbilt 1300 Kentucky Ave, Paducah, KY3. Jsc Terminal Llc Dba Midwest Terminal 725 N 5th St, Paducah, KY 4. Chemical Packaging Corp 300 State St, Paducah, KY5. Browns Plating Service Inc 1010 Krebs Station Rd, Paducah, KY

What this means for the program is that staff need to be aware of the potential hazards and identify the

potential detrimental effects posed by these locations and inform families where appropriate.

TransportationPaducah

Vehicles available/household: None 1604One 4920Two 3825Three or more 1080The area in general draws heavily on personal transportation. In addition the city has a well-

defined road system and is served by an area transit system. See below for map. The grantee

provides transportation for Head Start services. The provision of transportation services is a point

Paducah Page 20

of differentiation between the school system and the childcare providers located with the service

area.

Figure 4 PATS Transit Routes

HomelessnessAccording to the figures reported by Paducah Public Schools Head Start and KERA program

there are nineteen children being served using the McKinney-Vento Homeless Education

Assistance Act definition of homelessness. Given the number of children estimated to be 3 and 4

this works out to roughly 3% of population. This figure will have to be followed yearly to

determine if the percentage remains constant and allows for rough forecasts to be made.

Program OptionsPaducah Head Start operates preschool services four days per week. The county is served by

another agency that holds Preschool and Early Head Start grants. Center based services are

Paducah Page 21

closely blended within all three of the city’s elementary schools. Program hours are set by the

schools so that children adjust to functioning on the school schedule.

Community Resources: Please refer to Community Resource Guide for further information

Impacts and Conclusion

Impact: Programs that address the low-income population

Despite the fact that the families in the Paducah Head Start service area are very self-reliant and

have a strong sense of community; structural poverty still exists because of the lack of options

for employment in relatively high paying jobs.

Impact

Paducah Head Start. needs to continue to provide services to the low-income community.

Paducah Head Start. should explore the possibility of expanding services to reach more members of the low-income community.

Collaboration with other community organizations, both public and private, will ensure that the provision of services are comprehensive, non-duplicated and community based.

Impact: Employment Skills

Families in the area are increasingly prone to need worksite resources. The lack of stable is

putting strain on many families. Industries that are currently downsizing because of the down

turn in the economy; and the increased commuting time due to increased traffic in the area have

all put pressure on families, many of whom are relatively new to the workforce.

Impact:

Paducah Page 22

By creating expanded linkages with other community development organizations, Paducah Head Start. will be able to provide training, skills development, and information and opportunities to the target community.

Paducah Head Start. Head Start will actively explore opportunities to expand the educational opportunities it currently provides in the area.

Paducah Head Start. Head Start will maximize the use of existing job training programs and advocate for the new programs to be developed as part of the welfare reform movement.

Paducah Head Start. will continue to fulfill the mission of the economic development programs to hire from the community whenever possible and thereby provide employment opportunities impacting on the poverty in the community.

Conclusions

The recent economic downturn has had tremendous local impact. Costs are rising and

employment opportunities are becoming more difficult for low skilled workers to access. As the

already beleaguered economy is facing deteriorating conditions, the community is likely to be

called upon more frequently and by more families for assistance. These changes will require

Paducah Head Start to continually review its system for delivering services. Careful attention to

program design, staff development, and resource allocation based on the findings of this

community assessment will ensure that the programs and services of Paducah Head Start

thoughtfully and systematically address the needs of the area’s most vulnerable residents. The

programs’ impact on the local community is evidenced through the program’s self-assessment

indicating strong children and families’ outcomes.

One rigorous study led by Eliana Garces, then of UCLA, found that Head Start graduates

were more likely to graduate from high school and attend college than their peers. David

Deming of Harvard found that children who attended Head Start were more likely to graduate

Paducah Page 23

from high school and less likely as young adults to be idle — out of a job and out of school. Jens

Ludwig of the University of Chicago found that Head Start reduced child mortality in elementary

years, apparently because of screening and treatment referrals.

(http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/latest-columns/20140130-critics-are-wrong--head-start-

works.ece)

These research results indicate that the next steps for Paducah Head Start should be the

tracking of children and their educational accomplishments as they progress through the city

schools (grantee). Other areas for further study include tracking of health outcomes for children

as they move through the school system. As the grantee is the school district, Paducah Head

Start/Preschool is in an enviable position of being able to link initial Head Start activities and

pre-K services, to later grade school, middle school and high school achievements utilizing the

school district’s database system, Infinite Campus.

Paducah Page 24

Appendix A:

Licensed Child Care providers accepting vouchers(Source: https://prd.chfs.ky.gov/KICCSPublic/ProviderSearchPublic.aspx)

Provider Name Provider Type Provider Address Subsidy/ Payment Stars

Paducah Day Nursery LICENSED TYPE I

2425 South 25th StreetPaducah, KY 42003 Y 3

Western Baptist Hospital Child Development Center

LICENSED TYPE I

2625 BroadwayPaducah, KY 42003 Y 2

First Baptist Church Preschool

LICENSED TYPE I

2890 BroadwayPaducah, KY 42001 Y

Lourdes Child Care Center

LICENSED TYPE I

1536 Lone Oak RoadPaducah, KY 42003 Y 2

Care Bear's LICENSED TYPE I

1315 Park AvenuePaducah, KY 42001 Y 0

Easter Seals Child Development Center

LICENSED TYPE I

801 North 29th StreetPaducah, KY 42001 Y 3

Wingz of Love Daycare Center

LICENSED TYPE I

1408 Broadway StreetPaducah, KY 42002 Y

My Little Disciples Child Development Center

LICENSED TYPE I

135 Memorial DrivePaducah, KY 42001 Y 2

The Early Learning LICENSED 1920 North 13th Street Y

Paducah Page 25

Academy TYPE I Paducah, KY 42001 Inspiration, Education, Motivation (IEM)

LICENSED TYPE I

1409 Broadway St.Paducah, KY 42001 Y

Paducah Page 26