Introduction to Body Structure

4 Types of Body Tissue

*Tissue = group of similar cells that work together to perform a common function

EpithelialNervousConnectiveMuscle tissues

Epithelial Tissue

Lines most body surfacesProtects other tissues from dehydration

and physical damageAn epithelial layer is a few cells thickCells are flat and thin

Nervous Tissue

Nerve cells and their supporting cellsCarry information throughout the body

Connective Tissue

Support, protect, and insulate the bodyExamples: fat, cartilage, bone, tendons,

and blood

Muscle Tissue

3 kinds that enable movement of body structures by muscle contraction

1) Skeletal: voluntary muscle, moves bones in the trunk and limbs

2) Smooth: involuntary muscle, slow and long lasting contraction

3) Cardiac: heart, powerful and rhythmic contractions

Muscle Activity

How would the following activities differ: Doing as many toe raises as possible in 2 minutes

vs.

Doing slow and controlled toe raises for 2 minutes

Aerobic vs anaerobic?

Fast twitch vs slow twitch muscle fibers?

Organizational Hierarchy

Cells

Organ Systems

Body

Tissues

Organs

• Cell• Tissue• Organ• Organ System• Human Body

Body Organs/Tissues

Cell Basic unit,

programmed for a specific function

Tissues Specialized group

of cells Blood, bone

marrow, etc.

Organs Specialized tissues

that allow for a specific function

Several types of tissues make up an entire organ

Heart, skin, pancreas, etc.

Organ Systems 11 Major Organ Systems in the body

-Circulatory -Muscular-Digestive -Endocrine-Excretory -Nervous-Immune/Lymphatic-Integumentary-Reproductive -Skeletal-Respiratory

Body Cavities

CranialSpinal

ThoracicDiaphragmAbdominal

Homeostasis

Body’s organ systems must function smoothly together…Temperature regulationAdjusting metabolismDetecting and responding to environmental

stimuliMaintaining water and mineral balance

Any questions?