introduction to ecology (ch. 3) why should i learn about ecology? 1
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Introduction to Ecology (Ch. 3)
Why should I learn about Ecology?
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How are living things organized?
• Organisms: individuals such as a whitetail deer
• Populations: Group of organisms of one species
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How are living things organized?
• Community: Collection of interacting populations
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How are living things organized?
• Ecosystem: Interactions within a community plus the physical surroundings
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How are living things organized?
Biome: A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms
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How are living things organized?
• Biosphere: The entire planet – living and nonliving
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What are the parts of an environment?
• Biotic Factors: The living (plants and animals)
• Abiotic Factors: The nonliving ( rocks, air, soil, water)
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Where do organisms live?
• Habitat: Where an organism lives– Fish in a pond, fox in a forest
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What do organisms do in the environment?
• Niche: The role a species plays in a community– Wolf eats dying or weak animals
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How do organisms get their energy?
• Plants: sunlight is used by a plant to make food for itself
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Feeding Relationships
• Producers– Autotrophs: use solar or chemical energy to
manufacture food
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Feeding Relationships• Consumers
– Heterotrophs: An organism that must find its food
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How do organisms get their energy?
• Animals: eat other organisms– there are many
different types of eating styles
• Herbivores• Carnivores• Omnivores• Scavengers• Decomposers
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Herbivores
• “herb” means grass• Herbivores are plant eaters
Carnivores
“carn” means fleshCarnivores are meat eaters
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Omnivores
• “omni” means all• Omnivores eat both plants and animals
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Scavengers• Feed on carrion, refuse and most
anything edible
Decomposers
Feed by breaking down and absorbing nutrients from dead organisms. Create detritus.
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Detritivores
• Feed on detritus particles. They will often digest decomposers that live on the material they eat.
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Consumers• First level (primary) consumers
– Herbivores
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Consumers
• Second level consumers– Eat first level consumers
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Consumers
• Third level (Tertiary) consumers– Carnivores that mainly eat 2nd level
consumers
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Food Chain• Shows how matter and energy move
through an ecosystem• Each organism represents a different
trophic level
Quaternary Consumer
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Food Webs
• Shows all of the possible feeding relationships in a community
• Several chains
put together
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How does energy flow through an ecosystem?
• Energy Pyramids: shows energy decreasing at each succeeding trophic level
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Biomagnification
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How do organisms interact with each other?
• Symbiosis: close relationship between different species
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Mutualism
• Both species benefit from the relationship
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Commensalism
• One species benefits, the other is not harmed or benefits
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Parasitism
• One species benefits at the expense of the other– Ticks, tapeworm
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PredationOne species benefits at the expense of the other. The other organism will lose its life because of the relationship.
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The Water Cycle
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