introduction to megiddo - tau · 2010. 6. 23. · 609 bce –death in megiddo of josiah king of...
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to Megiddo:
Megiddo Past
David Ussishkin
Megiddo – 2010
● Spring
Spring ●
← Lower Mound
←Upper Mound
Megiddo from the east, 1925
Schumacher’s Excavation
1903-1905
The Megiddo Centennial – 1 April 2003
Schumacher’s
excavation plan
and section
Photographed from east, 1917
← city-gate?
← Lower
Mound
Space Museum, Washington, DC
The Chicago Oriental Institute Expedition,
1925-1938
The Chicago expedition house on the Lower Mound
The Chicago excavation plan – 1925-1938
← The Water
System
← City-gates
← Area BBSchumacher’s →
trench
← The Chicago photographic balloon
← Area BB
← Water system
The Yigael Yadin expedition: 1 January 1960
Pope Paul VI visits Megiddo,
1966
Main FindsDates BCEPeriodStratum
XX Neolithic- 8000-3300 Settlement
Chalcolithic
XIX-XV Early Bronze 3300-2200 Large city; temples
XIV-XIII Intermediate 2200-2000 Small settlement
Bronze
XII-X Middle Bronze 2000-1550 City on upper and
Lower Mounds
IX-VII Late Bronze 1550-1130 Canaanite city-state;
I-III palace; gate, temple
1130 – Destruction of Megiddo by the “Sea Peoples”(?) and
end of Egyptian hegemony
←Water system
← City-gates area← Temples
↓ Dump
Area BB →
Stratum XVIII: The ‘city-wall’ in Area BB
Stratum XV: The altar and the three ‘Megaron’ temples
The Middle Bronze Age:
Massive fortifications
Stratum VIIA:
The ruler’s palace
And the city-gate
‘Treasury’ ↓
City-gate ↑
Strata VIII-VII: The city-gate
Stratum VII:
The ruler’s palace
R
The ‘Treasury’ of the →
Stratum VIIA palace
Canaanite ivory
North-Syrian and
Mycenaean ivories
El-Amarna archive:
Letters of Biridiya ruler of Megiddo
The ‘Gilgamesh Epic’ tablet
Canaanite gold deity
found in the temple
The Canaanite ‘Tower Temple’
Statue base of Ramesses VI
(1141-1133 BCE)
Main FindsDate BCEPeriodStratum
VI Iron I 1100-950 Large city
925 BCE – Pharaoh Shishak’s campaign
VB Iron IIA 950-900 Israelite settlement
VA-IVB Iron IIA 900-800 Administrative city;
palaces
IVA Iron IIB 800-730 Fortified city; stables
730 BCE – Assyrian conquest
III Iron IIC 730-600 Assyrian city
609 BCE – Death in Megiddo of Josiah King of Judah
Stele of Shoshenq I (Shishak) (ca. 925 BCE)
← Existing
fragment
Stratum VA-IVB
Stratum VA-IVB:
The southern palace
(No. 1723) and its
enclosure
↑ The gate
The gate →
The southern palace
(No. 1723)
Suggested
↓ reconstruction
The eastern palace
(No. 338)↑ 1903: Schumacher’s dig
2003: Hundred years later→
The northern palace
(No. 6000)
Yigael Yadin’s excavation
Stratum VA-IVB:
Shrine 2081
Shrine →
Stratum IVA: Fortified city with stables
Stratum IVA:
The city-gate
(The ‘Solomonic’ gate)
Inner gate →
courtyardOuter
gate →
↑ The city-wall
Views of the ‘Solomonic’
City-gate
Stratum IVA: The northern stable compound
A stable
Huge silo for keeping chaff,
The food for the horses
Stratum IVA: The water system
↑ Horizontal tunnel
← Vertical
shaftSpring →
Spring →
The seal of ‘Shema
Servant of Jeroboam’
The seal of ‘Asaph’
Stratum III: The Assyrian city
Stratum III:
The Assyrian
palaces