introdution to computing

8/3/2019 Introdution to Computing

1/7

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

SHAH ZAIB BS (TE 1ST

) CMS ID# 17336 1

IPOS CYCLE: Information Processing Cycle:

Steps followed to process data Input

o Computer accepts data from some source Processing

o Computers processing components perform actions on the data based oninstructions from user

or program

Outputo

Computer conveysresult to user.

o Text, numbers,graphic, image,

video, sound

o Optional Storage

o Permanentlystore result on

some medium

o Optional How Computers Work:

All computers follow the same four basic operations.o Inputo Processingo

Storage/Memoryo Output

Input hardware - devices that allow people to put data into the computer in a formthat the computer can use

KEYBOARD


2/7



) CMS ID# 17336 2

Allows the user to interact. Input devices accept data. Keyboard: an input device that converts letters, numbers, and other characters into

electrical signals readable by the processor.

Mouse: Select options from onscreen menu. Other Input devices?

o Scanners.o Microphone.o Webcam.o Digital Camera.

Processing deviceso Brains of the computer.o Carries out instructions from the program.o Manipulate the data.o Most computers have several processors.o Central Processing Unit (CPU).o Secondary processors.o Processors made of silicon and copper.

Processor chip:A tiny piece of silicon that contains

millions of miniature electronic circuits.

Storage devices:o Primary storage (memory) RAM..o Computer circuitry that temporarily

holds data waiting to be processed.

o Secondary storage (storage) - ROM .o The area in the computer where data or information is held permanently.

Storage capacity is represented in:o 1 byte - 1 character of data.o 1 kilobyte 210 bytes/char; 1,024 characters.o 1 megabyte - 220 bytes/char 1,048,576 characters.

CASE OR SYSTEM

CABINET

Processor chip


3/7



) CMS ID# 17336 3

o 1 gigabyte - more than 1 billion characters.o 1 terabyte - more than 1 trillion characters.

Random Access Memory (RAM)o Also known as RAM or memory.o Represent primary storage or temporary storage.o Hold data before processing and information after processing.o Volatile.o More RAM results in a faster system.o In Mega/Giga Bytes.

Read Only Memory:o Also called ROM.o Permanent storage of programs.o Holds the computer boot directions.o Typically in Kilobytes.

Hold data and programs permanently Different from RAM Magnetic storage

o Floppy and hard drive.o Uses a magnet to access data.

Optical storageo CD and DVD drives, Blue-Ray.o Uses a laser to access data.

Floppy-disk drive Stores data on removable 3.5-inch-diameter diskettes. Typical Capacity 1.4MB

Zip-disk drive: Stores data on floppy-disk cartridges with 70-170

times the capacity of the standard floppy.


4/7



) CMS ID# 17336 4

Hard-disk drive:o A storage device that stores billions of

characters of data on a non-removable disk

platter.

o Capacity 40GB-500GB or even more.

CD (Compact Disk) drive or DVD (Digital Video Disk)drive

o A storage device that uses laser technology toread data from optical disks.

o 700MB for CD.o 1.4 to 17 GB for DVD.

Blue Rayo Optical disc storage.o High-definition video and data storage.o Same physical dimensions as standard DVDs and CDs.o Currently Up to 50GB capacity.

Output:o Output hardware.o Devices which translate info. processed by the computer into a form that humans

can understand.

Sound Card:o Coverts audio signal from digital to analog and vice versao Both Input and Output device

Speakers:

FLOPPY DISKZIP DISK


5/7



) CMS ID# 17336 5

o The devices that play sounds transmitted as electrical signals from the sound card. Video card:

oConvertsthe processors output information into a videosignal that can be sent through a cable to the monitor.

Monitor:o The display device that takes the electrical signals from

the video card and forms an image using points of colored

light on the screen.

Printer:An output device that produces text and graphics on paper.

COMMUNICATION: Modem:

A device that sends and receives data over telephone lines to and from computers.

Network Interface card (NIC):Controls the flow of data on a network link.

Motherboard connects:o The main printed circuit board in the computer.o Everything connects to the motherboard.o Expansion slots - plugs on the motherboard for

expanding the PCs capabilities via additional

circuit boards. How does everything connect?


6/7



) CMS ID# 17336 6

Put all the hardware together and:


7/7



) CMS ID# 17336 7

What is Left? Power

Inside system cabinet

introdution to computing

Documents