introdution to aesthetics

8/6/2019 Introdution to Aesthetics

1/21

INTRODUTION TOINTRODUTION TO

AESTHETICSAESTHETICS

ROGER DON SJ. CERDAROGER DON SJ. CERDALecturerLecturer


2/21

WHAT IS HUMANITIES?WHAT IS HUMANITIES?

1. The word1. The word HUMANITIESHUMANITIES comescomes

from the Latinfrom the Latin humanus,humanus, whichwhich

meansmeans humanhuman,,culturedcultured, and, and

refinedrefined. To be human is to have or. To be human is to have or

show qualities like rationality,show qualities like rationality,

kindness and terderness.kindness and terderness.


3/21

2. The2. The humanitieshumanities are academicare academic

disciplines which study thedisciplines which study the humanhuman

conditioncondition, using methods that are, using methods that are

largelylargely analyticanalytic,,criticalcritical, or, or

speculativespeculative, as distinguished from, as distinguished from

the mainlythe mainly empiricalempirical approaches ofapproaches of

thethe naturalnatural andand social sciencessocial sciences..


4/21

3. It refers to arts3. It refers to arts visual artsal arts suchsuch

as architecture, painting, andas architecture, painting, and

sculpture;sculpture; musicmusic;; dancedance;; theatertheateroror

dramadrama; and; and literature.literature. They areThey are

branches of learning concerned withbranches of learning concerned with

human thoughts, feelings, andhuman thoughts, feelings, and

relations and how they arerelations and how they are

expressed.expressed.


5/21

WHAT IS AESTHETICS?WHAT IS AESTHETICS?

1.1. Aesthetics is the subfield ofAesthetics is the subfield ofphilosophy concerning beauty andphilosophy concerning beauty and

art. It spans all areas of artisticart. It spans all areas of artisticendeavor. The word derives fromendeavor. The word derives fromthe Greekthe Greek aisthetikosaisthetikos, meaning of, meaning of

sense perception.sense perception.2.2. It refers to the forms andIt refers to the forms and

psychological effects of arts.psychological effects of arts.


6/21

BASIC QUESTIONS INBASIC QUESTIONS IN

AESTHETICSAESTHETICS1. What is art and what is non art?1. What is art and what is non art?

2. What do the various arts have in2. What do the various arts have in

commoncommon3. What, if anything makes some art good3. What, if anything makes some art good

or bad?or bad?

4. Can art be evaluated objectively, or only4. Can art be evaluated objectively, or only

subjectively (that is, are aestheticsubjectively (that is, are aestheticproperties merely "in the eye of theproperties merely "in the eye of the

beholder" or "matters of taste")?beholder" or "matters of taste")?

5. What is the importance of art, to whom,5. What is the importance of art, to whom,

and for what?and for what?


7/21

6. What effects can a work of art have on the6. What effects can a work of art have on theobserver?observer?

7. How does one interpret a work of art?7. How does one interpret a work of art?8. What is beauty and what is its relationship8. What is beauty and what is its relationship

to art?to art?

9. Why do we find certain things beautiful?9. Why do we find certain things beautiful?

10. What is the role of emotion in the10. What is the role of emotion in theappreciation of art?appreciation of art?

11. What is the role of the artist's intention in11. What is the role of the artist's intention in

interpreting a work of art?interpreting a work of art?12. What is the connection between art and12. What is the connection between art andethics?ethics?


8/21

WHAT ARE THE METHODSWHAT ARE THE METHODS

OF PRESENTING THE ARTOF PRESENTING THE ART

SUBJECTS?SUBJECTS?

1. REALISM. In art, this is the attempt to1. REALISM. In art, this is the attempt to

present the subject as it is. When thepresent the subject as it is. When the

artist chooses a subject from nature, heartist chooses a subject from nature, heselects, changes, and arranges details toselects, changes, and arranges details to

express the idea he wants to make clear.express the idea he wants to make clear.

Realists try to be objective as possible;Realists try to be objective as possible;hence, they describe their subjecthence, they describe their subject

accurately and honestly.accurately and honestly.


9/21

2. ABSTRACTION does not show the subject at all as an2. ABSTRACTION does not show the subject at all as anobjective reality, but only his idea, or his feeling aboutobjective reality, but only his idea, or his feeling aboutit. It moves away from showing things as they reallyit. It moves away from showing things as they reallyare.are.

a. Distortiona. Distortion twisted shape or misshapentwisted shape or misshapenconditioncondition

b. Elongationb. Elongation something is lengthened/extendedsomething is lengthened/extended

c. Manglingc. Mangling something is cut, lacerated, mutilated, orsomething is cut, lacerated, mutilated, orhacked with repeated blowshacked with repeated blows

d. Cubismd. Cubism something is presented insomething is presented ingeometrical shapesgeometrical shapes

e. Abstract Expressionisme. Abstract Expressionism uses large canvases, anduses large canvases, anda deliberate lack of refinement in the application ofa deliberate lack of refinement in the application ofpaint. Strong color, uneven brush strokes, and roughpaint. Strong color, uneven brush strokes, and roughtextures are its manifestations. In other words, ittextures are its manifestations. In other words, itdeparts completely from subject matter, from studieddeparts completely from subject matter, from studiedprecision, and from any kind of preconceived design.precision, and from any kind of preconceived design.


10/21

3. SYMBOLISM is a visible sign of something3. SYMBOLISM is a visible sign of something

invisible such as an idea or quality. It can beinvisible such as an idea or quality. It can be

simply an emblem or sign like a lion tosimply an emblem or sign like a lion to

represent courage, Jesus Christ to representrepresent courage, Jesus Christ to represent

Holiness.Holiness.

4. FUTURISM glorifies the mechanical energy of4. FUTURISM glorifies the mechanical energy of

the modern life. Subjects include automobiles,the modern life. Subjects include automobiles,motorcycles, railroad trains that express themotorcycles, railroad trains that express the

explosive vitality of a modern city.explosive vitality of a modern city.


11/21

5. SURREALISM uses a weapon against the5. SURREALISM uses a weapon against the

evils and restrictions that surrealists see in aevils and restrictions that surrealists see in a

society. It tries to reveal a new and highersociety. It tries to reveal a new and higherreality than that of daily life. It is an inventedreality than that of daily life. It is an invented

word meaning super realism, whichword meaning super realism, which

emphasizes the activities of the subconsciousemphasizes the activities of the subconscious

state of mind. It attempts to show what is insidestate of mind. It attempts to show what is insidea persons mind as well as the appearance ofa persons mind as well as the appearance of

his or her outside world.his or her outside world.


12/21

6. EXPRESSIONISM believes in the6. EXPRESSIONISM believes in the

necessity of a spiritual rebirth for thenecessity of a spiritual rebirth for the

human being in an age that was fasthuman being in an age that was fastbecoming influenced by materialism. Itbecoming influenced by materialism. It

depicts the idea of rebirth of an individualdepicts the idea of rebirth of an individual

as possible only within the context of theas possible only within the context of thetransformation of the entire society.transformation of the entire society.


13/21

MEDIUMS OF THE VISUALMEDIUMS OF THE VISUAL

ARTSARTS1.1. PAINTINGPAINTING is the art of creating meaningfulis the art of creating meaningful

effects on a flat surface by the use ofeffects on a flat surface by the use ofpigments.pigments.

a.a. OILOIL. The pigments are mixed in oil.. The pigments are mixed in oil.b.b. TemperaTempera. This is the mixture of ground. This is the mixture of groundpigments and either egg yolk, gum or glue. Itpigments and either egg yolk, gum or glue. Itis usually done on a wooden panel that hasis usually done on a wooden panel that has

been made smooth.been made smooth.c.c. WatercolorWatercolor. The pigments are mixed with. The pigments are mixed withwater and applied to fine white paperwater and applied to fine white paper

d.d. PastelPastel. It resembles dry pigments.. It resembles dry pigments.


14/21

e.e. FRESCOFRESCO. The colors are mixed with. The colors are mixed withwater and applied to plaster, whichwater and applied to plaster, which

absorbs the color. It lasts unless the wallabsorbs the color. It lasts unless the wallis destroyed.is destroyed.

f.f. ACRYLICACRYLIC. These are synthetic paints. These are synthetic paintsusing acrylic emulsion as binder. Theyusing acrylic emulsion as binder. They

combine the transparency and quickcombine the transparency and quick--drying qualities of watercolor and are asdrying qualities of watercolor and are asflexible as oil. They are completelyflexible as oil. They are completelyinsoluble when dry and can be usedinsoluble when dry and can be usedalmost in any surface. They do not alsoalmost in any surface. They do not alsotend to crack, and turn yellow with age.tend to crack, and turn yellow with age.


15/21

2. SCULPTURE. The art or practice of2. SCULPTURE. The art or practice ofshaping figures or designs in the round orshaping figures or designs in the round or

in relief, as by chiseling marble, modelingin relief, as by chiseling marble, modelingclay, or casting in metal.clay, or casting in metal.

THE 2 MAJORSCULPTURE PROCESSESTHE 2 MAJORSCULPTURE PROCESSES

1. SUBTRACTIVE. It is a process in which1. SUBTRACTIVE. It is a process in whichan unwanted material is cut away. Examplean unwanted material is cut away. Exampleis the curving of stone and wood.is the curving of stone and wood.

2. ADDITIVE. It is the construction of figure2. ADDITIVE. It is the construction of figureby putting together bits of clay, or byby putting together bits of clay, or bywelding together parts of metal.welding together parts of metal.


16/21

COMMON MEDIUMS OFCOMMON MEDIUMS OF

SCULPTURESCULPTURE

1.1. STONESTONE. It is durable, resistant to the elements, fire,. It is durable, resistant to the elements, fire,and other hazards. However, it is heavy and breaksand other hazards. However, it is heavy and breakseasily.easily.

2.2. BRONZEBRONZE. It is the most commonly used metal.. It is the most commonly used metal.3.3. WOODWOOD. It is cheap, readily available, and easy to. It is cheap, readily available, and easy to

cut. It is relatively light and can be made easily into acut. It is relatively light and can be made easily into avariety of shapes.variety of shapes.

4.4. IVORYIVORY. A hard, smooth, yellowish. A hard, smooth, yellowish--white substancewhite substancecomposed primarily of dentin that forms the tusks ofcomposed primarily of dentin that forms the tusks ofthe elephant.the elephant.

5.5. TERRACOTTATERRACOTTA. A hard semifired waterproof. A hard semifired waterproofceramic clay used in pottery and buildingceramic clay used in pottery and buildingconstructionconstruction


17/21

3.3. ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE. The art and science. The art and science

of designing and erecting buildings.of designing and erecting buildings.

COMMONMEDIUMSOFARCHITECTURECOMMONMEDIUMSOFARCHITECTURE

1. Wood1. Wood

2. Stone2. Stone3. Steel3. Steel


18/21

ELEMENTS OF THE VISUALELEMENTS OF THE VISUAL

ARTSARTS

1.1. LINE represents figures and forms. It is eitherLINE represents figures and forms. It is eitherstraight or curved.straight or curved.

a. HORIZONTAL LINES show relaxation anda. HORIZONTAL LINES show relaxation andserenity. They express ideas of calmnessserenity. They express ideas of calmnessand order.and order.

b. VERTICAL LINES balances action. It givesb. VERTICAL LINES balances action. It givesan impression of dignity and exaltationan impression of dignity and exaltation

c. DIAGONAL LINES suggest action andc. DIAGONAL LINES suggest action andmovement.movement.

CURVED LINES suggest grace, movement,CURVED LINES suggest grace, movement,flexibility and joyousness.flexibility and joyousness.


19/21

2.2. Color is the byproduct of the spectrumof light, as it is reflected or absorbed,as received by the human eye andprocessed by the human brain.

MEANINGOFCOLORSCONVEYEDBYROSES

1. Red roses are the traditional symbol for love andromance, and a time-honored way to say "I love you."The red rose has long symbolized beauty andperfection. White. It symbolizes truth, purity, glory andthe road to heaven.

2. Pink roses are symbols of grace and elegance,2. Pink roses are symbols of grace and elegance,they are often given as an expression of admiration,they are often given as an expression of admiration,appreciation, and joyfulness.appreciation, and joyfulness.


20/21

3. Yellow roses evoke a feeling of warmth and3. Yellow roses evoke a feeling of warmth andhappiness. The warm feelings associated withhappiness. The warm feelings associated with

the yellow rose are often akin to those sharedthe yellow rose are often akin to those sharedwith a true friend. As such, the yellow rose iswith a true friend. As such, the yellow rose isan ideal symbol for joy and friendship.an ideal symbol for joy and friendship.

4. White roses represent innocence and purity4. White roses represent innocence and purity

and are traditionally associated with marriagesand are traditionally associated with marriagesand new beginnings. The white rose is also aand new beginnings. The white rose is also asymbol of honor and reverence.symbol of honor and reverence.

5. Orange roses are the embodiment of desire5. Orange roses are the embodiment of desire

and enthusiasm. Orange roses often symbolizeand enthusiasm. Orange roses often symbolizepassion and excitement and are an expressionpassion and excitement and are an expressionof fervent romance.of fervent romance.


21/21

6. Lavender. The unique beauty of the6. Lavender. The unique beauty of the

lavender rose has captured many heartslavender rose has captured many hearts

and imaginations. With their fantasticaland imaginations. With their fantasticalappearance, lavender roses are a perfectappearance, lavender roses are a perfect

symbol of enchantment. The lavendersymbol of enchantment. The lavender

rose is also traditionally used to expressrose is also traditionally used to expressfeelings of love at first sight.feelings of love at first sight.

introdution to aesthetics

Documents